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Academic literature on the topic 'PVC pipe replacement'
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Journal articles on the topic "PVC pipe replacement"
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Lu, Jie Qun, Yuan Tian, Jia Geng Chen, et al. "Experimental Study on CFRP-PVC Confined RAC under Axial Compression." Solid State Phenomena 294 (July 2019): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.294.143.
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Compared with natural aggregate concrete (NAC), the cylinder compressive strength and elastic modulus of Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) are decreased, but the brittleness is increased. The axial compression performance of RAC can be improved by external confinement. In this paper, the effects of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe confinement and composite confinement of PVC pipe and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) on the axial compression performance of RAC were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate, the cylinder compressive strength, peak strain and elastic modulus of RAC were decreased; PVC pipe confinement could significantly improve the cylinder compressive strength, peak strain and elastic modulus of RAC; the CFRP could further improve the cylinder compressive strength and elastic modulus of PVC-RAC to a certain extent, and could significantly enhance the peak strain of PVC-RAC. PVC pipe and CFRP-PVC pipe confinement could improve the axial compression performance of RAC more effectively than NAC. Consequently, PVC pipe and CFRP-PVC pipe confinement could reduce the influence of recycled aggregate (RA) quality on variability of RAC axial compression performance.
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Arsénio, André Marques, Jan Vreeburg, and Luuk Rietveld. "Index of Joint Condition for PVC push-fit joints." Water Supply 14, no. 5 (2014): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.043.
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The Index of Joint Condition (IJC) for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) push-fit joints, discussed in this article, was derived from installation guidelines and from destructive laboratory tests. The IJC is presented in a graphical framework and is a powerful tool to employ in order to visualize and compare, in situ, results obtained during condition assessment of PVC joints. The graphical results can also be translated into a numerical grade that allows comparing the conditions of various pipes and of individual joints. The applicability of the IJC is demonstrated in the condition assessment of 222 joints inspected in eight different sessions that encapsulate more than 2 km of older (more than 40 years) and newer pipes (less than 2 months). While, for the new pipe, all joints were considered to be in good condition – low replacement priority –, several joints in older pipes were considered to have high replacement priority.
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Sangtani, Harshit, Bhavini Jain, and K. Narayana Shenoy. "Replacement of Sand By PVC Pipe Waste in Pavement Blocks." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (2018): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.226.
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In the present research an attempt has been made to replace some part of fine aggregate (sand) by an industrial waste, the industrial waste under investigation is produced when the PVC pipes are cut into the desired sizes, it is a very thin flaky substance having a specific gravity of 1.5.This material is very voluminous in nature, so it reduces the workability of concrete if used in large percentage. So this material cannot be used in very large quantities but it can successfully replace sand up to 20 percent when used in pavement blocks. Experimentation was done at a water-cement ratio ranging from 0.43-0.35.Compressive strength of the concrete has been evaluated at 7 days, 14 days 21 days and 28 days. Results of the investigation indicate that compressive strength of the concrete decreases as the percentage of PVC waste material increases.7 day strength of the concrete has varied from 35.55 MPa to 70.01 MPa and 28 day strength has varied from 56.7 MPa to 76 MPa. Water absorption was well within the limits and varied from 4.67% to 7.26% by mass. The results revealed that this waste material can satisfactorily replace sand in small amount also it is a great way to dispose of the waste and hence is a step forward in the quest for a greener concrete.
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Javed, Muhammmad Faisal, Haris Rafiq, Mohsin Ali Khan, Fahid Aslam, Muhammad Ali Musarat, and Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin. "Axial Behavior of Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Tubular Stub Columns Incorporating PVC Pipes." Crystals 11, no. 12 (2021): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121434.
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This experimental study presents concrete-filled double-skin tubular columns and demonstrates their expected advantages. These columns consist of an outer steel tube, an inner steel tube, and concrete sandwiched between two tubes. The influence of the outer-to-inner tube dimension ratio, outer tube to thickness ratio, and type of inner tube material (steel, PVC pipe) on the ultimate axial capacity of concrete-filled double-skin tubular columns is studied. It is found that the yield strength of the inner tube does not significantly affect the ultimate axial capacity of concrete-filled double-skin tubular composites. With the replacement of the inner tube of steel with a PVC pipe, on average, less than 10% strength is reduced, irrespective of size and dimensions of the steel tube. Hence, the cost of a project can be reduced by replacing inner steel tubes with a PVC pipes. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the existing design methods presented in AISC 360-16 (2016), GB51367 (2019), and EC4 (2004). It is found from the comparison that GB51367 (2019) gives better results, followed by AISC (2016) and EC4 (2004).
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I. Ibrahim, Raheek, Manal K. Odah, and Hawraa S. Salman. "Pressure Wave Elimination in Iraqi Crude Oil Pipelines Using Novel Porous Filter and Electronic Control System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.7 (2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.20524.
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The pressure wave is a serious problem in crude oil transportation pipelines. It is generated at the beginning and at the end of crude oil pumping process or as a result of sudden closing of valves. The high turbulence fluid particles in presence of pressure wave resulting in sever stresses on pipe walls needing for maintenance and replacement after a period of time. It is also leading to dissipation of flow energy consuming much more power for oil pumping. The objective of the present work is to decrease and eliminate the pressure wave in Iraqi crude oil pipelines through designing, manufacturing, and testing of a novel pressure wave filter with optimum design. The experimental system consists from: porous filter, oil pipe, pump, AC drive, and digital pressure transducers. The porous filter that was tested to eliminate the pressure wave is composed from various pipes (0.5 inch Perspex pipe, 1 inch PVC pipe, and 2 inches stainless steel pipe) with different porous materials to absorb the pressure energy from the fluid particles. These porous media are (1.5cm, 1cm, 0.4cm glass beads, and glass cylinders of 2cm length, 2cm outer diameter, and 2mm thickness). The experimental results proved the successful of the invented porous filter for eliminating the pressure wave by 99% using optimum design without suppressing the flow rate of crude oil in the pipe. The results obtained are quite significant since it awards a simple and low-cost solution for a real and practical problem in crude oil transportation sector.
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Aminpour, Peyman, Kurt Sjoblom, and Ivan Bartoli. "Identification of Water Pipe Material Based on Stress Wave Propagation: Numerical Investigations." Materials Evaluation 79, no. 8 (2021): 823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2021.me-04185.
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Water utilities have been struggling to replace their aging infrastructure and have increasingly faced crisis related to the presence of lead pipelines that can affect the health of many communities across the United States. Replacement of lead pipelines is a daunting task because often their location is unknown and technologies to discover such hazardous water lines are unreliable. Driven by these needs, the researchers have explored nondestructive evaluation (NDE) strategies based on ultrasonic stress waves as a tool to discover lead pipelines. While such approaches present great potential, the complexity of wave propagation must be understood to develop an effective NDE strategy. This paper discusses the theoretical foundation and complexities of this approach by showing how stress wave propagation is quite different in pipelines of different materials such as lead, steel, copper, and PVC, which are the common materials used to provide drinking water to households. In particular, different stress wave speeds allow for the identification of different pipeline materials. The simulations presented in this study suggest how ultrasonic stress waves could be deployed in the coming years to help discover and replace lead pipelines.
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Subedi, Abhijit, Suresh Sharma, Anwarul Islam, and Niraj Lamichhane. "Quantification of the Effect of Bridge Pier Encasement on Headwater Elevation Using HEC-RAS." Hydrology 6, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010025.
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The deterioration of bridge substructure is a serious concern across the United States. The pier encasement is one of the most common practices for repairing and strengthening the bridge substructure. It is a rehabilitation process of existing pile piers during the repair or replacement of the bridge superstructure, which involves enclosing part of an existing pile pier with a polyethylene or PVC pipe large enough to provide at least three inches of concrete cover over the existing pier when filled. However, this process of enclosing pile piers might elevate water level due to increase in pier width, which could be hazardous in high-risk flood zones. Furthermore, it may create an adverse impact on the stability of the bridge due to scouring around the pier foundation. In order to gain knowledge on the backwater effect due to pile encasement, Hydraulic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) was used in this research to perform hydraulic simulations near the bridge sites. These simulations were carried out for various channel configurations and pier sizes with a wide range of flows, which resulted into 224 HEC-RAS models in order to investigate the effects of pile pier encasement on the headwater elevation. This study demonstrated that the water elevation measured in the upstream of the bridge showed no-rise condition, especially for wider channel sections with flatter slopes. However, the water elevation at the immediate upstream of the bridge was slightly higher, and the increasing pattern was only noticeable for a smaller channel width (20 ft), and specifically, for increased flow rate. As the area of flow was decreased resulting in increased water surface elevation due to encasement, a generic power equation in the form of Y = aXb was suggested for various channel slopes for the increased water surface elevation (Y) for each percentage decrease in channel area (X).
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'Ain, Hurun, and Firmanilah Kamil. "Soft Soil Consolidation with the Electroosmosis Effect." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 3, no. 02 (2022): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v3i02.4386.
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Areas with geomorphology in plains or lowlands, such as Pontianak City, have soft soil and peat covering most of their area. Lands in areas with low soil bearing capacity, high water content, high compressibility properties, and high groundwater levels or even practically the same as the land surface. Theoretically, soil improvement is preferred over several other options such as relocation, redesign, and replacement of unsuitable soils. Electroosmosis is one of the effective methods to reduce the moisture content in soft clay to reduce the amount of settlement that occurs when loading is carried out. The use of electroosmosis by placing a conductor in the ground with a certain distance, then between the conductors, an electric current is given. By reducing the water content in the soil, the decrease in soil subsidence will decrease and increase the strength of the soil. This electroosmosis test was carried out in a laboratory with a test model using a PVC pipe tube with a length of 19 cm and a diameter of 15 cm using five conductor rods. The soil specimens are subjected to two cases: direct loading and preloading during the electroosmosis test. Tests were conducted to study the effect of the current magnitude applied with a particular voltage on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The tests showed a significant of settlement with 0.0679 cm and 0.0663 cm for direct loading and preloading with the current effect. The mechanical properties showed an improvement in the soil samples, which was indicated by a low compressibility index and an increase in the shear strength of the soil.
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Fytianos, Georgios, Emmanouil Tziolas, Efthimios Papastergiadis, and Petros Samaras. "Least Cost Analysis for Biocorrosion Mitigation Strategies in Concrete Sewers." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (2020): 4578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114578.
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The changing role of the municipal water and wastewater authorities, together with the need for a sustainable maintenance treatment in the sewer systems, have been the catalysts for the integration of technical and financial information into asset management systems. This paper presents results from a cost-comparative analysis focusing on an annuities calculation for the evaluation of microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) or biocorrosion mitigation methodologies used in the maintenance of concrete sewers. The replacement cost of deteriorated sewer concrete pipes is high, and MIC mitigation methods can be used to increase the current service life of concrete pipes. From the MIC mitigation methods that are frequently used, the authors examined those of flushing with high-pressure water (i.e., a common method used in Greece), and spraying with magnesium hydroxide slurry (MHS). The authors chose four different cities for the assessment, which presented different sewer characteristics and socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, all methods for concrete sewer MIC mitigation were compared to the present value of replacement of sewer concrete pipes with new PVC ones. Results showed that flushing with high-pressure water is very cost demanding and should be avoided, while spraying with MHS could be a sustainable and economic solution in the long term.
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Fytianos, Georgios, Vasilis Baltikas, Dimitrios Loukovitis, et al. "Biocorrosion of Concrete Sewers in Greece: Current Practices and Challenges." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072638.
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This paper is intended to review the current practices and challenges regarding the corrosion of the Greek sewer systems with an emphasis on biocorrosion and to provide recommendations to avoid it. The authors followed a holistic approach, which included survey data obtained by local authorities serving more than 50% of the total country’s population and validated the survey answers with field measurements and analyses. The exact nature and extent of concrete biocorrosion problems in Greece are presented for the first time. Moreover, the overall condition of the sewer network, the maintenance frequency, and the corrosion prevention techniques used in Greece are also presented. Results from field measurements showed the existence of H2S in the gaseous phase (i.e., precursor of the H2SO4 formation in the sewer) and acidithiobacillus bacteria (i.e., biocorrosion causative agent) in the slime, which exists at the interlayer between the concrete wall and the sewage. Biocorrosion seems to mainly affect old concrete networks, and the replacement of the destroyed concrete pipes with new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ones is currently common practice. However, in most cases, the replacement cost is high, and the authors provide some recommendations to increase the current service life of concrete pipes.
Conference papers on the topic "PVC pipe replacement"
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Schaaf, Frank J. "Development of Code Case N-755: Use of Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe for Section III, Division 1, Construction and Section XI Repair/Replacement Activities." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48495.
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With the increasing failures of metallic pipe in nuclear Service Water Systems, a new material needed to be found. One option is polyethylene (PE) pipe. PE pipe can be used in non-safety applications at a nuclear plant using the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31, Standards of Pressure Piping with no regulatory review. However, the use of PE material in safety applications, which are regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), necessitates a new Standard with special requirements. At the request of the Duke Power Corporation, a new ASME Standard was written by a special Project Team. This standard is found in the form of a Code Case under the control of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (B&PVC). The Code Case utilizes Sections of the B&PVC as its foundation and includes the design, procurement, installation, fusing, examination and testing requirements for the use of PE pipe within safety systems. The first version of the Code Case contained only the minimum requirements needed to support Duke Power Corporation’s first phase of PE piping installation into a safety system within a nuclear power plant. The Code Case developed is titled, N-755, Use of Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe for Section III, Division 1, Construction and Section XI Repair/Replacement Activities. The first version of this case is limited to buried piping using only the following components; straight PE pipe, PE mitered elbows, and transition flanges. The Code Case will be revised as data for material and components becomes available at the completion of testing.
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Stoeva, Neda, Timothy M. Adams, Tomas Jimenez, Scott Arnold, and John Uhland. "B31.1 Compliant Design of CFRP Buried Piping Systems." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45284.
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This paper presents the implementation of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite system as a long term replacement for a non-safety, non-seismic, non-QA, low pressure service water buried pipeline. The existing pipeline (to be replaced) consists of approximately 1800 feet of large diameter (primarily 54in.), carbon steel, spiral wound, seam welded pipe, which was built and installed using AWWA standards, but is maintained in accordance with the B31.1 Power Pipe Code [1]. The CFRP pipe installation is to be done as an internal repair, and designed to comply with ASME B31.1 as a stand-alone pipe (pressure boundary). In lieu of using the limited evaluation of PCC-2 [2], which is focused on local repairs; a complete design evaluation of the entire piping system to B31.1-2010 is conducted, which is consistent with and acceptable under PCC-2. Since B31.1 does not provide detailed guidance on the design of buried piping systems, the criteria presented in this paper use the base design requirements of B31.1 adjusted to include applied soil and surcharge loads. The selected CFRP repair is the TYFO® Fiberwrap® system which consists of a carbon fiber fabric (CFRP, TYFO SCH-41-2X), and glass fiber fabric (GFRP/dielectric barrier, TYFO SHE-51A), saturated with epoxy. This composite system is built up of unidirectional CFRP layers; thus, the presented design approach also considers anisotropic material behavior, and evaluates the hoop and axial loads and capacities separately. The criteria are presented for plants considering alternative repair and replacement techniques for buried and above ground non-safety pipes.
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Kanninen, Melvin F., Randall B. Stonesifer, and Kyle Bethel. "The Design of a Self-Monitoring Thermoplastic Composite Pipe for High Pressure Gas/Liquid Transport." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25109.
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Pipes made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and other thermoplastic materials do not corrode. However, this considerable advantage, because HDPE is limited to a line pressure of 125 psig, cannot be utilized for the replacement or rehabilitation of trunk lines in gas/liquid distribution systems and transmission lines where pressures range from 150 psig up to 1500 psig or more, without some form of reinforcement. This paper describes an advanced technology for accomplishing this by use of a composite of thermoplastic materials. This technology can be used for high pressure applications in either a stand-alone mode, or as a pipe within a pipe, by its insertion into an existing damaged/degraded high-pressure steel pipeline. In either mode, arbitrarily high pressures can be achieved, health can be monitored with a built-in fiber optic sensor system, and wall loss due to corrosion precluded. The focus of the paper is on addressing some of the ancillary issues that arise in the utilization of the technology that are not usually of concern in steel pipelines: nonlinear stress analysis of heterogeneous materials, time/temperature dependent mechanical properties, greenhouse gas permeation, and the diminution of flow area associated with internal reinforcement.
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Varatharajan, S., K. V. Sureshkumar, K. V. Kasiviswanathan, and G. Srinivasan. "Progressive Evolution of the Core of the Fast Breeder Test Reactor." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29404.
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The second stage of Indian nuclear programme envisages the deployment of fast reactors on a large scale for the effective use of India’s limited uranium reserves. The Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) at Kalpakkam is a loop type, sodium cooled fast reactor, meant as a test bed for the fuels and structural materials for the Indian fast reactor programme. The reactor was made critical with a unique high plutonium MK-I carbide fuel (70% PuC+30%UC). Being a unique untested fuel of its kind, it was decided to test it as a driver fuel, with conservative limits on Linear Heat Rating and burn-up, based on out-of-pile studies. FBTR went critical in Oct 1985 with a small core of 23 MK-I fuel subassemblies. The Linear Heat Rating and burn-up limits for the fuel were conservatively set at 250 W/cm & 25 GWd/t respectively. Based on out-of-pile simulation in 1994, it was possible to raise the LHR to 320 W/cm. It was decided that when the fuel reaches the target burn-up of 25 GWd/t, the MK-I core would be progressively replaced with a larger core of MK-II carbide fuel (55% PuC+45%UC). Induction of MK-II subassemblies was started in 1996. However, based on the Post-Irradiation Examination (PIE) of the MK-I fuel at 25, 50 & 100 GWd/t, it became possible to enhance the burn-up of the MK-I fuel to 155 GWd/t. More than 900 fuel pins of MK-I composition have reached 155 GWd/t without even a single failure and have been discharged. One subassembly (61 pins) was taken to 165 GWd/t on trial basis, without any clad failure. The core has been progressively enlarged, adding MK-I subassemblies to compensate for the burn-up loss of reactivity and replacement of discharged subassemblies. The induction of MK-II fuel was stopped in 2003. One test subassembly simulating the composition of the MOX fuel (29% PuO2) to be used in the 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor was loaded in 2003. It is undergoing irradiation at 450 W/cm, and has successfully seen a burn-up of 92.5 GWd/t. In 2006, it was proposed to test high Pu MOX fuel (44% PuO2), in order to validate the fabrication and fuel cycle processes developed for the power reactor MOX fuel. Eight MOX subassemblies were loaded in FBTR core in 2007. The current core has 27 MK-I, 13 MK-II, eight high Pu MOX and one power reactor MOX fuel subassemblies. The reactor power has been progressively increased from 10.5 MWt to 18.6 MWt, due to the progressive enlargement of the core. This paper presents the evolution of the core based on the progressive enhancement of the burn-up limit of the unique high Pu carbide fuel.