Relevant bibliographies by topics / PVC - Polyvinyl chloride

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'PVC - Polyvinyl chloride'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PVC - Polyvinyl chloride"

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KUROSE, KEISUKE, TETSUJI OKUDA, SATOSHI NAKAI, TSUNG-YUEH TSAI, WATARU NISHIJIMA, and MITSUMASA OKADA. "HYDROPHILIZATION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE SURFACE BY OZONATION." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 06 (2008): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08011986.

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The surface modification mechanism of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by ozonation was investigated to study the selective hydrophilization of PVC surface among other plastics. Infrared analysis confirmed the increase of hydrophilic groups. XPS analysis revealed that the increase was due to the structural change in chlorine group in PVC to hydroxylic acid, ketone, and carboxylic groups by ozonation. This chemical reaction by ozone could occur only for polymers with chlorides in its structure and resulted in the selective hydrophilization of PVC among various polymers.
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Mohammed, Maha J., Kadhum M. Shabeeb, and Bassam I. Khalil. "Effect of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone on Polyvinyl Chloride-Graft-Acrylamide Membranes." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 9A (2020): 1305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i9a.1319.

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Polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) was dehydrochlorinated by alkaline-solution (NaOH) in determining molarity (3.0 M) followed by grafting with acrylamide (AM) monomer onto dehydrochlorinated PVC (DHPVC) backbone by free-radical graft copolymerization to produce new grafted polymer referred as graft 3M. Then investigated the effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) addition on the grafted polymer. Membranes from pure PVC, graft 3M, and graft 3M/ PVP were synthesis via a phase inversion method. The successful AM grafting onto PVC was confirmed by characterization of the membranes by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis, porosity, pore size, and contact angle measurements. The new synthesis (graft 3M) and (graft 3M/ PVP) membranes show excellent hydrophilicity in compared to pure PVC membranes, confirmed by higher pure water flux (PWF). The graft 3M/ 3wt.% PVP membrane exhibited the highest pure water permeate flux was about 540 L/m2 h at 28 °C of feed temperature and 1bar of pressure, i.e. was improved by about 270 times compared to the unmodified PVC membrane and 2.35 times compared to the graft 3M membrane.
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Torres, L. M., João F. Silva, António Torres Marques, João Pedro Nunes, and Rogerio P. Marques. "Glass/Polyvinyl Chloride Composites." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.214.

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This paper summarizes the results obtained in the use of plastisols of vinyl chloride homopolymer (PVC), obtained by the process of emulsion polymerization, as thermoplastic matrix in the production of composite pipes and in pipe repairing. Two processing techniques commonly used with thermosetting matrices were studied: filament winding and hand lay up. The produced composite structures of PVC reinforced with glass fibres were subsequently subjected to tests in order to determine their mechanical properties. This paper concludes that it is possible to use the described technique for piping repairing with good results.
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Gao, Shu-zhi, Xiao-feng Wu, Gui-cheng Wang, Jie-sheng Wang, and Zi-qing Chai. "Fault Diagnosis Method on Polyvinyl Chloride Polymerization Process Based on Dynamic Kernel Principal Component and Fisher Discriminant Analysis Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7263285.

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In view of the fact that the production process of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization has more fault types and its type is complex, a fault diagnosis algorithm based on the hybrid Dynamic Kernel Principal Component Analysis-Fisher Discriminant Analysis (DKPCA-FDA) method is proposed in this paper. Kernel principal component analysis and Dynamic Kernel Principal Component Analysis are used for fault diagnosis of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization process, while Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) method was adopted to make failure data for further separation. The simulation results show that the Dynamic Kernel Principal Component Analyses to fault diagnosis of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization process have better diagnostic accuracy, the Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) can further realize the fault isolation, and the actual fault in the process of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization production can be monitored by Dynamic Kernel Principal Component Analysis.
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Chong, Ngee Sing, Saidi Abdulramoni, Dwight Patterson, and Heather Brown. "Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Polymer Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride." Toxics 7, no. 4 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7040057.

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In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis of the emission and leachate samples. The emissions of burning pipes were analyzed by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission test results indicate the presence of chlorinated components including chlorine dioxide, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were detected in the emissions of burning PVC pipes. Furthermore, the concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl methacrylate, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and formaldehyde were found at levels capable of affecting human health adversely. The analysis of PVC pipe leachates using GC-MS shows that there are 40–60 tentatively identified compounds, mostly long-chain hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and docosane, were released when the burned PVC materials were soaked in deionized water for one week. Quantitative analysis shows that 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and diethyl phthalate were found in the burned PVC polymer at the average levels of 2.7, 14.0, and 3.1 micrograms per gram (μg/g) of pipe material. This study has significant implications for understanding the benzene contamination of drinking water in the aftermath of wildfires that burned polymer pipes in California.
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Dedov, A. V., and N. V. Chernousova. "Extraction of the stabilizer from rigid and plasticized PVC." Plasticheskie massy, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2020): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2020-1-2-19-20.

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The efficiency of the developed model for predicting the kinetics of the stabilizer extraction from rigid and plasticized polyvinyl chloride was assessed. The model shows high efficiency in the predicting the kinetics of the stabilizer extraction from rigid polyvinyl chloride. The extraction of the stabilizer from the plasticized polyvinyl chloride proceeds in two stages and the kinetic dependences do not obey the model equation.
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Cai, Haifeng, Yang Wang, Kai Wu, and Weihong Guo. "Enhanced Hydrophilic and Electrophilic Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Biofilm Carrier." Polymers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061240.

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) biofilm carrier is used as a carrier for bacterial adsorption in wastewater treatment. The hydrophilicity and electrophilicity of its surface play an important role in the adsorption of bacteria. The PVC biofilm carrier was prepared by extruder, and its surface properties were investigated. In order to improve the hydrophilicity and electrophilic properties of the PVC biofilm carrier, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) were incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by blending. Besides, the surface area of the PVC biofilm carrier was increased by azodicarbonamide modified with 10% by weight of zinc oxide (mAC). The surface contact angle of PVC applied by PVA and cPAM at 5 wt %, 15 wt % was 81.6°, which was 18.0% lower than pure PVC. It shows the significant improvement of the hydrophilicity of PVC. The zeta potential of pure PVC was −9.59 mV, while the modified PVC was 14.6 mV, which proves that the surface charge of PVC changed from negative to positive. Positive charge is more conducive to the adsorption of bacteria. It is obvious from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that holes appeared on the surface of the PVC biofilm carrier after adding mAC, which indicates the increase of PVC surface area.
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Jiang, Liangpeng, Jingjing Fu, and Lihong Liu. "Seawater degradation resistance of straw fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 5305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5305-5315.

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To investigate the effect of seawater degradation on the mechanical, wear, and thermal properties of plant fiber-reinforced polymer composites, the seawater immersion test was performed on four types of straw fiber (wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS), and sorghum straw (SS))-reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites. The results revealed that seawater immersion would result in poor mechanical, wear, and thermal properties, and lower two-phase bonding quality, thermal mass loss, and thermal residual mass, as well as more serious abrasive wear. The SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites had the highest and lowest seawater degradation resistance, respectively. After 12 d seawater immersion, the tensile strength of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites decreased from 17.3 to 9.7 MPa and from 12.3 to 7.2 MPa, respectively; and the flexural strength of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites decreased from 34.2 to 20.1 MPa and from 28.0 to 15.3 MPa, respectively. However, the friction coefficient of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites increased from 0.21 to 0.27 and from 0.24 to 0.30, respectively; and the specific wear rate of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites increased from 0.73 × 10-5 mm3/N·m to 21.7 × 10-5 mm3/N·m and from 1.77 × 10-5 to 28.3 × 10-5 mm3/N·m.
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Kumar, Rajeev, Mohd Omaish Ansari, Nazish Parveen, Mohamed A. Barakat, and Moo Hwan Cho. "Simple route for the generation of differently functionalized PVC@graphene–polyaniline fiber bundles for the removal of Congo red from wastewater." RSC Advances 5, no. 76 (2015): 61486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10378a.

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Takahashi, Tetsuya, and Teruo Kimura. "Recycling of Glass Fabric Coated by Polyvinyl Chloride." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 19, no. 2 (2003): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060301900203.

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In order to stabilise recycled cutting waste of PVC coated glass fiber fabric (hereafter “PVC-GF”), a composite material having PVC as a matrix combined with hydrotalcite (hereafter “HT”) and zinc stearate (hereafter “ZS”) was prepared. The mechanical properties were measured and the inhibition effect of generating hydrogen chloride gas in heating was investigated. Cutting waste of PVC-GF was subjected to heated compression molding under various conditions to prepare specimens, and the bending strength was measured. The results showed that as the temperature increased from 120°C to 150°C and as heating the time was extended from 20 minutes to 45 inutes, the bending strength was greatly increased. In bending deformation, glass fibers contained in the specimens showed an effective reinforcing effect. The specimens combined with HT and ZS were obtained by injection molding. The starting time of generating hydrogen chloride gas in heat was investigated for the injection molded specimens. The result showed that the addition of both HT and ZS could greatly retard the time until hydrogen chloride gas was generated proving the benefits. Furthermore, the effect of UV irradiation on hydrogen chloride gas generation was investigated. It was clear that the starting time of hydrogen chloride gas generation was delayed by UV irradiation for the specimens with a relatively large amount (5-10 phr) of HT, as opposed to little change for the specimens with a relatively small amount (0-0.5 phr) of HT. This indicates that HT addition is effective for material recycling of PVC products used outdoors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PVC - Polyvinyl chloride"

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Perry, Katherine Louise. "The diffusion of acetone into polyvinyl chloride." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844641/.

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The diffusion of small molecules into glassy polymers is often observed to be of the anomalous Case II type. This thesis describes the first comprehensive study of acetone vapour penetrating into PVC. It has been shown that this diffusion process is of the Case II type. The initial stages of the diffusion process have been studied using ion beam nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) whilst long range diffusion has been studied using broadline nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging techniques. This is the first time that short and long term behaviour has been studied in the same system and has permitted a test of the Thomas and Windle theory covering both regimes. It is also the first time that broadline NMR imaging has been used to study Case II diffusion and this has permitted a study of the polymer as well as the penetrant. A new NMR technique has been developed for this. Characteristic parameters of the diffusion process have been determined. The velocity of the diffusion front advance is typically 0.042 mmhr-1 and the diffusion coefficient is 7 x10-11 cm2s-1 at room temperature. The effects of variation of exposure temperature and the activity of the vapour on the diffusion dynamics have been investigated. The NMR profiles have shown an unexpectedly long Fickian precursor extending into the inner glassy core of the samples. To complement the NMR imaging results, the NMR spin spin relaxation times of samples have been measured, and high resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy has been performed on the samples. Evidence has been found for continued disentanglement of the polymer chains long after mass equilibration of the region of the PVC swollen by acetone vapour. This disentanglement has been shown to be strongly dependent on the exposure temperature.
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Vess, Lora Elizabeth. "The politics of PVC /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6195.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 252-277). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Santamaria, Estibaliz. "The performance and mechanism of a novel stabiliser for PVC." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248378.

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Elraghi, Somia. "Polyblending of rigid PVC with kraft lignin application to the building exterior facade /." Thesis, Connect to online version, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.mercury.concordia.ca/cr/concordia/fullcit?pMM87260.

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Jiang, Yunhong. "Antimicrobial behaviour of Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) films coated with ZnO nanoparticles." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545697.

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Erdoğdu, Cem Aykut Balköse Devrim. "The development of synergistic heat stabilizers for PVC from Zinc Borate-Zinc Phosphate/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000509.pdf.

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Flanagan, Leslie. "Environmental assessment of the re-use and recycling of unplasticised polyvinyl chloride window profiles." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324398.

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Djir-Sarai, Bijan. "Ökologische Modernisierung der PVC-Branche in Deutschland /." Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989997197/04.

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Datta, Arindam. "Effects of plasticizers on extrusion of PVC: an experimental & numerical study." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54346.

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Plasticizers are often interchanged with the idea that they will not affect the processing behavior of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). However, when the plasticizer type is changed, various complaints are made by the processors that the material no longer processes the same. This research was concerned with the effect of three different plasticizers on the plasticating extrusion behavior of PVC. Di-isodecyl pthalate (DIDP), di-hexyl pthalate (DHP) and 2-ethyl hexyl pthalate (DOP) are the three plasticizers used in this study. First some differences in the extrusion performance of the three differently plasticized PVC compounds were identified. In particular, it was observed that pressure build-up, flow rate and power requirement were affected by the plasticizer type with the DIDP plasticized materials generating higher pressures and requiring more power than the other two plasticized materials. The differences in extrusion characteristics have been observed for two different dies (1/8 and 1/16 inch diameter) attached to the extruder. The differences were most significant between the DIDP and the DHP plasticized mixes. Factors which could influence the processing behavior of plasticized PVC include viscosity, compaction, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and friction coefficient. It was found that all other properties other than the viscosity were unaffected by the plasticizer type. On the other hand, viscosities were significantly affected by the plasticizer type with the DIDP plasticized materials displaying higher values between 160 and 190 °C. The difference in viscosity was larger between the DIDP and DHP plasticized materials than between DIDP and DOP plasticized materials. The differences in viscosity between DIDP and DOP plasticized materials tend to diminish considerably at 190 °C. Two flow regions characterized by different degrees of fusion above and below 165 °C were identified for the plasticized PVC compounds. Plasticized PVC exhibited yield stresses with the DIDP plasticized materials having higher values. The yield stresses were responsible for the significant difference in viscosity at lower shear rates. The yield stress was a more dominant feature at temperatures below 160 °C and this fact was made use of in modeling the solids conveying zone as a fluid with yield stress. Correlation was established between the viscosities and the extrusion behavior of the plasticized PVC compounds. It was observed that the DIDP plasticized mixes had higher viscosities, fused earlier in the screw channel, gave rise to higher pressures, required more power and in general exhibited higher flow rates at the same screw speed. The finite element method was used for the numerical simulations. Based on the experimental results, the numerical modeling of the melt zone was performed in order to predict the differences in the extrusion characteristics. The melt zones were modeled as a temperature dependent power law fluid having two different viscosity expressions above and below 165 °C. The numerical predictions for pressures and flow rates in the extruder with the 1/8 inch diameter die were in good agreement with the experimental results. For the case of the 1/16 inch diameter die attached to the extruder, the numerical and experimental flow rates were in good agreement but the pressure predictions, although indicating the correct trends, were off by 15 to 20% from the experimental results. In general the differences in the physical properties, viz. viscosities, were used to predict the differences in the pressure build-ups and flow rates. Also the solid conveying zone was modeled using a Herschel Bulkley model. It was possible to match the experimental and numerical results for the solids conveying zone by using an average density value for the entire solids conveying zone, but more work needs to be done in order to establish greater validity and applicability of this model.<br>Ph. D.
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Mao, Feng. "Permeation of hydrocarbons through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) pipes and pipe gaskets." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Books on the topic "PVC - Polyvinyl chloride"

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Rakhimov, Aleksandr Imanuilovich. Initiators for manufacture of PVC. Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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W, Summers J., and Daniels C. A. 1943-, eds. PVC handbook. Hanser Gardner Publications, 2005.

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Titow, W. V. PVC plastics: Properties, processing, and applications. Elsevier Applied Science, 1990.

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Moser, A. P. Evaluation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe performance. The Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1994.

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Baldwin, Edward A. PVC furniture. TAB Books, 1992.

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Pohle, Horst. PVC und Umwelt: Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Springer, 1997.

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Leadbitter, J. PVC-compounds, processing and applications. Rapra Technology Ltd., 1997.

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Rosenfield, Myer J. Experimental polyvinyl chloride (PVC) roofing: Field test results. US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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L, Dunkelberger David, ed. Impact modifiers for PVC: The history and practice. Wiley, 1992.

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Xing, Xiansheng. Modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by reactive processing. Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "PVC - Polyvinyl chloride"

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Stringer, Ruth, and Paul Johnston. "PVC (polyvinyl chloride)." In Chlorine and the Environment. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9813-2_4.

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Bashford, David. "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)." In Thermoplastics. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1531-2_35.

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Wagener, Kenneth B., Christopher D. Batich, and Alex E. S. Green. "Polymer Substitutes for Medical Grade Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)." In Medical Waste Incineration and Pollution Prevention. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3536-2_8.

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Lucio, Diana Samantha Villarreal, José Luis Rivera-Armenta, Valeria Rivas-Orta, et al. "Manufacturing of Composites from Chicken Feathers and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)." In Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119441632.ch25.

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Bentrad, Najla. "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE), Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC), Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSPE), Polychloroprene Rubber (CR)—Chemistry, Applications and Ecological Impacts—II." In Ecological and Health Effects of Building Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_4.

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Oberoi, Shelley, and Monika Malik. "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE), Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC), Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSPE), Polychloroprene Rubber (CR)—Chemistry, Applications and Ecological Impacts—I." In Ecological and Health Effects of Building Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_3.

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Goh, LynDee, Clotilda Petrus, and Mimi Aznira Mohamad. "Experimental Study on the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Tubes Filled with Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate." In Proceedings of AICCE'19. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_58.

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Massey, Liesl K. "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)." In Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420797-6.50060-7.

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Massey, Liesl K. "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)." In The Effect of Sterilization Methods on Plastics and Elastomers. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551505-0.50038-x.

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Massey, Liesl K. "Polyvinyl Chloride - PVC." In Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-884207-94-5.50042-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "PVC - Polyvinyl chloride"

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Zhao, Zijian, Rahul Palaniappan Kanthabhabha Jeya, and Abdel-Hakim Bouzid. "Creep Modeling of Polyvinyl Chloride Bolted Flange Joints." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72406.

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Alike other polymer material, PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC) shows a clear creep behavior, the rate of which is influenced by temperature, load and time. Polyvinyl chloride bolted flange joints undergo relaxation under compression for which the material creep properties are different than those under tension. Since the sealing capacity of a flanged gasketed joint is impacted by the amount of relaxation that takes place, it is important to properly address and predict the relaxation behavior due to flange creep under compression and reduce the chances of leakage failure of PVC flange joints. The main objective is study the creep behavior of PVC flanges under the influence of normal operating conditions. This is achieved by developing a PVC creep model based on creep test data under various compressive load, temperature and time. A simulation of a PVC flange relaxation behavior bot numerically and experimentally is conducted on an NPS 3 class 150 bolted flange joint of dissimilar materials one made of PVC material and the other one by steel SA105. The study also provides a clear picture on how the compression creep data on Ring specimen may be utilized for predicating the flange performance under various operating temperatures with time.
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Comanita, Elena-Diana, Cristina Ghinea, Mihaela Rosca, Isabela Maria Simion, Madalina Petraru, and Maria Gavrilescu. "Environmental impacts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production process." In 2015 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb.2015.7391486.

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Wham, Brad P., Christina Argyrou, Thomas D. O’Rourke, Harry E. Stewart, and Timothy K. Bond. "PVCO Pipeline Performance Under Large Ground Deformation." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8508.

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Technological advances have improved pipeline capacity to accommodate large ground deformation associated with earthquakes, floods, landslides, tunneling, deep excavations, mining, and subsidence. The fabrication of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) piping, for example, can be modified by expanding PVC pipe stock to approximately twice its original diameter, thus causing PVC molecular chains to realign in the circumferential direction. This process yields biaxially oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVCO) pipe with increased circumferential strength, reduced pipe wall thickness, and enhanced cross-sectional flexibility. This paper reports on experiments performed at the Cornell University Large-Scale Lifelines Testing Facility characterizing PVCO pipeline performance in response to large ground deformation. The evaluation was performed on 150-mm (6-in.)-diameter PVCO pipelines with bell-and-spigot joints. The testing procedure included determination of fundamental PVCO material properties, axial joint tension and compression tests, four-point bending tests, and a full-scale fault rupture simulation. The test results show the performance of segmental PVCO pipelines under large ground deformation is strongly influenced by the axial pullout and compressive load capacity of the joints, as well as their ability to accommodate deflection and joint rotation. The PVCO pipeline performance is quantified in terms of its capacity to accommodate horizontal ground strain, and compared with a statistical characterization of lateral ground strains caused by soil liquefaction during the Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand.
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Themelis, Nickolas J. "Chlorine Sources, Sinks, and Impacts in WTE Power Plants." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3577.

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The principal sources of chlorine in the MSW feed to WTE power plants are food wastes (e.g., wheat, green vegetables, melon, pineapple), yard wastes (leaves, grass, etc.), salt (NaCl), and chlorinated plastics (mostly polyvinyl chloride). Chlorine has important impacts on the WTE operation in terms of higher corrosion rate than in coal-fired power plants, formation of hydrochloric gas that must be controlled in the stack gas to less than the U.S. EPA standard (29 ppm by volume), and potential for formation of dioxins and furans. Past Columbia studies have shown that the chlorine content in MSW is in the order of 0.5%. In comparison, chlorine concentration in coal is about 0.1%; this results in much lower HCl concentration in the combustion gases and allows coal-fired power plants to be operated at higher superheater tube temperatures and thus higher thermal efficiencies. Most of the chlorine output from a WTE is in the fly ash collected in the fabric filter baghouse of the Air Pollution Control system. This study examined in detail the sources and sinks of chlorine in a WTE unit. It is concluded that on the average MSW contains about 0.5% chlorine, which results in hydrogen chloride concentration in the WTE combustion gases of up to 600 parts per million by volume. About 45% of the chlorine content in MSW derives from chlorinated plastics, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% from salt (NaCl) and chlorine-containing food and yard wastes. An estimated 97–98% of the chlorine input is converted to calcium chloride in the dry scrubber of the Air Pollution Control (APC) system and captured in the fly ash collected in the baghouse; the remainder is in the stack gas at a concentration that is one half of the U.S. EPA standard. Reducing the input of PVC in the MSW stream would have no effect on dioxin formation but would reduce the corrosion rate in the WTE boiler.
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5

Funderburg, Michael. "The Effect of Plasticizers on Vibration Damping in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Formulations." In SAE 2015 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2204.

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6

El-Bagory, Tarek M. A. A., and Maher Y. A. Younan. "Crack Growth Behavior of Pipes Made From Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Material." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45657.

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The behavior of crack growth of polymeric materials is affected by several operating conditions such as, crosshead speed, specimen thickness, load line, and specimen configurations which reverse the behavior of crack from stable to unstable crack growth behavior. The main objective of the present paper is the determination of plane strain fracture toughness (KIC) for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used in piping water transmission systems. The dimensions of the PVC pipe are outside diameter, Do=315 mm, standard dimensions ratio, SDR=13.23, ratio between outside to inside radii Ro/Ri =1.179 and pipe thickness, t =24 mm. Curved specimens are prepared from a pipe by cutting 12 mm thickness ring segments. The curved specimens are divided into two specimen configurations, namely curved three point bend, CTPB and C-shaped tension, CST specimens. All specimens are provided artificially with a pre-crack. CTPB specimen is further cut into five 72° sectors with each being centrally notched to a depth approximately a = 0.479 of the wall thickness. CST specimen configuration is characterized by the eccentricity X = 0, and 0.5W, of the loading holes from the bore surface. Linear elastic fracture mechanics theory (LEFM) is used to predict the plane strain fracture. The tests are carried out at room temperature, Ta equal 20 °C and different crosshead speeds of (10–500 mm/min). The fracture test results reveal that, the crosshead speed has been proven to affect the mode of failure and mode of fracture. At lower crosshead speeds the mode of failure is ductile, while at higher crosshead speeds it is brittle. The specimen configuration affects also on the fracture toughness. C-shaped tension specimens show higher fracture toughness in case of pin loading location X = 0.5W than X = 0 by about (12%). Transitional crosshead speed is affected by specimen geometry. C-shaped tension specimens (CST) at x= 0 and 0.5W have higher transitional crosshead speed compared with CTPB specimen configuration.
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Jenbanphue, Tatsanee, Komsan Hongesombut, Kulsawasd Jitkajornwanich, and Siwapon Srisonphan. "Electrostatic Properties and Ions Elimination Effect of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Adhesive Tape Manufacturing." In 2020 8th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieecon48109.2020.229499.

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Neubauer, Justin, and Kwang Jin Kim. "State space mathematical modeling for mechanoelectrical transduction of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) based sensors." In Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XXIII, edited by John D. Madden, Iain A. Anderson, and Herbert R. Shea. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2584504.

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9

Syakur, Abdul, and Suwarno. "The Influences of Humidity on PD Characteristics in a Void in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)." In 2006 IEEE 8th International Conference on Properties and applications of Dielectric Materials. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpadm.2006.284223.

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Syakur, Abdul, Yanuar Z. Arief, Zulkurnain A. Malek, and H. Ahmad. "An experimental study on partial discharge characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) under AC - DC voltages." In 2008 IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference (PECon). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pecon.2008.4762750.

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