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Journal articles on the topic 'PYGAS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Khasanov, I. R., A. M. Kiryukhin, D. N. Munasypov, and Z. D. Fedorova. "C5 PYGAS PURIFICATION FROM UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS." Oil and Gas Business, no. 3 (June 2014): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2014-3-292-309.

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2

Rojas, Mixef, Freddy Figueira, and Susana Zeppieri. "Prediction of hydrogen solubility in PYGAS with equations of state." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 14, no. 1-3 (March 20, 2014): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-140492.

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3

Medeiros, J. L. de, O. Q. F. Araújo, A. B. Gaspar, M. A. P. Silva, and J. M. Britto. "A kinetic model for the first stage of pygas upgrading." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 24, no. 1 (March 2007): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322007000100011.

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4

Gaspar, Alexandre Barros, Gabriel Rosa dos Santos, Roberta de Souza Costa, and Mônica Antunes Pereira da Silva. "Hydrogenation of synthetic PYGAS—Effects of zirconia on Pd/Al2O3." Catalysis Today 133-135 (April 2008): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.058.

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5

Westerterp, K. R., and A. E. Kronberg. "How to Prevent Runaways in Trickle-Bed Reactors for Pygas Hydrogenation." Chemical Engineering & Technology 25, no. 6 (June 2002): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(200206)25:6<595::aid-ceat595>3.0.co;2-1.

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6

Huang, Lingjun, and Guilian Liu. "Optimization of Two-Stage Pygas Hydrogenation Reactor Based on Hydrogen Network Integration." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57, no. 31 (July 11, 2018): 10539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01703.

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7

Castaño, P., B. Pawelec, J. L. G. Fierro, J. M. Arandes, and J. Bilbao. "Aromatics reduction of pyrolysis gasoline (PyGas) over HY-supported transition metal catalysts." Applied Catalysis A: General 315 (November 2006): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2006.09.009.

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8

Su, Wei-Bin, Tse-Kuei Chang, Jyh-Haur Hwang, and Hsun-Yi Huang. "Applying reactor model parameters to estimate pygas selective hydrogenation catalyst activity during operation cycle." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 56 (November 2015): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.04.014.

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9

Rojas, Mixef, and Susana Zeppieri. "Simulation of an industrial fixed-bed reactor with cocurrent downflow for hydrogenation of PYGAS." Catalysis Today 220-222 (March 2014): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.07.015.

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10

Betti, Carolina P., Juan M. Badano, Ivana L. Rivas, Vanina A. Mazzieri, M. Juliana Maccarrone, Fernando Coloma-Pascual, Carlos R. Vera, and Mónica E. Quiroga. "Sulfur Resistance of Pt-W Catalysts." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/502014.

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The sulfur resistance of low-loaded monometallic Pt catalysts and bimetallic Pt-W catalysts during the partial selective hydrogenation of styrene, a model compound of Pygas streams, was studied. The effect of metal impregnation sequence on the activity and selectivity was also evaluated. Catalysts were characterized by ICP, TPR, XRD, and XPS techniques. Catalytic tests with sulfur-free and sulfur-doped feeds were performed. All catalysts showed high selectivities (>98%) to ethylbenzene. Activity differences between the catalysts were mainly attributed to electronic effects due to the presence of different electron-rich species of Pt0and electron-deficient species ofPtδ+. Pt0promotes the cleavage of H2whilePtδ+the adsorption of styrene. The catalyst successively impregnated with W and Pt (WPt/Al) was more active and sulfur resistant than the catalyst prepared with an inverse impregnation order (PtW/Al). The higher poison resistance of WPt/Al was attributed to both steric and electronic effects.

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11

Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mirna Martins Casagrande, and Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke. "Biology and External Morphology of the Immature Stages of the ButterflyCallicore pygas eucale, with Comments on the Taxonomy of the GenusCallicore(Nymphalidae: Biblidinae)." Journal of Insect Science 14, no. 91 (July 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.014.91.

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12

BALLANTYNE, LESLEY A., and CHRISTINE LAMBKIN. "Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)." Zootaxa 1997, no. 1 (February 4, 2009): 1–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1997.1.1.

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This major systematic revision of fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) concentrates on the genera related to Atyphella Olliff in the Luciolinae. Seven new genera and 19 new species are described, which with two exceptions occur in the area encompassed by Australia, the Republic of Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia (West Irian), Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji. Keys to the genera and subgenera of the Luciolinae are included. The revision is based upon a phylogenetic analysis of 343 morphological characters of males, females and larvae of 112 Luciolinae species, including the type species of the six genera and four subgenera of the Luciolinae sensu McDermott (1966). The genus Atyphella Olliff is redefined and redescribed from 23 species including 14 endemic Australian species, and nine species from the wider study area. A. leucura Olivier, A. scabra Olivier and A. testaceolineata Pic are redescribed. A. palauensis Wittmer is elevated to species level from A. carolinae palauensis Wittmer and redescribed. Aquilonia gen. n. is described for Aq. costata (Lea), transferred from Atyphella Olliff. Convexa gen. n. is described for C. wolfi (Olivier), transferred from Atyphella. Gilvainsula gen. n. includes the new species, G. similismessoria sp. n., and G. messoria (Olivier), transferred from Atyphella Olliff. Lloydiella gen. n. includes four species; Ll. majuscula (Lea) transferred from Atyphella, and three new species, Ll. japenensis sp. n., Ll. uberia sp. n., and Ll. wareo sp. n. Pygatyphella (Ballantyne) is elevated to generic status from Luciola (Pygatyphella) Ballantyne and redescribed from 22 species including ten new species Pygat. japenensis sp. n., Pygat. karimui sp. n., Pygat. kiunga sp. n., Pygat. limbatifusca sp. n., Pygat. nabiria sp. n., Pygat. okapa sp. n., Pygat. russellia sp. n., Pygat. tomba sp. n., Pygat. uberia sp. n., and Pygat. wisselmerenia sp. n., with uberia representing specimens known in previous analyses as ‘Sisiak’. Pygat. eliptaminensis (Ballantyne), Pygat. marginata (Ballantyne), Pygat. peculiaris (Olivier) and Pygat. pulcherrima (Ballantyne) are transferred from Luciola (Pygatyphella) Ballantyne. Pygat. tagensis (Ballantyne), Pygat. hounensis (Ballantyne), Pygat. obsoleta (Olivier), and Pygat. undulata (Pic) are transferred from Atyphella Olliff; Pygat. obsoleta is reassessed, geographic varieties are suggested, and the species redescribed from a greatly expanded number of specimens. Pygat. ignota (Olivier), Pygat. plagiata (Blanchard) and Pygat. salomonis (Olivier) are transferred from Luciola Laporte and redescribed. Pygat. limbatipennis (Pic) is transferred from Atyphella salomonis var limbatipennis Pic, and redescribed. Magnalata gen. n. is described for three species, M. rennellia sp. n., M. limbata (Blanchard) transferred from Luciola, and M. carolinae (Olivier) transferred from Atyphella. Missimia gen. n. is erected for a single species M. flavida sp. n. based on four specimens dealt with in previous phylogenetic analyses as ‘Mt Missim’. Photuroluciola Pic is elevated to generic status from Luciola (Photuroluciola) Pic and redescribed from its single species Photuro. deplanata Pic. Asymmetricata gen. n. is erected for two SE Asian species As. ovalis (Hope) and As. circumdata (Motsch.), both transferred from Luciola and redescribed. Where available, females are associated and are characterised briefly. A. testaceolineata, M. limbata, Pygat. huonensis, Pygat. limbatipennis, Pygat. peculiaris, and Pygat. uberia sp. n. are identified by light patterns. Discussion addresses: the interpretation of female aptery, the extent of the labrum, numbering of abdominal segments using actual segment number, and use of the term ventrite to reflect visible abdominal sternites. Functional morphology of many terminal abdomen modifications is addressed as is the range and nature of colour patterns. Determination of polarity in various states of bipartite light organs is overviewed, as are problems with the homology of characters, and difficulties in interpretation of characters in soft bodied insects especially those preserved in ethanol.

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13

Exten, Cara, and Anna Salomaa. "Major Depressive Episode and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3172.

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Abstract Sexual minority (SM) health disparities constitute a serious public health concern, and disparities in mental health are among the most striking. Among a nationally-representative sample (NESARC-III) of US adults (aged 18-66), we used time-varying effects models (TVEM) to estimate the age-varying prevalences of past year major depressive episode (pyMDE) and generalized anxiety disorder (pyGAD) by SM status and biological sex. pyMDE and pyGAD were most common among SM women, followed by SM men, heterosexual women, and heterosexual men. pyMDE was highest among SM women and SM men in early adulthood with a second peak in the mid-50s (women)and around age 40 (men). pyGAD was highest among SM women aged 54-60 and among SM men aged 30-33. Our findings reveal that older adulthood may be a time of increased risk for pyMDE and pyGAD among SM women. Future work should explore factors that contribute to this increased risk.

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14

Tăbăcaru, Aurel, Rodica Mihaela Dinică, Mihaela Cudălbeanu, Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu, and Marius Bumbac. "Catalytic Effect of Photoluminescent Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Formed in the Presence of Quaternary Ammonium Salts." Materials 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132066.

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The comparative effect of two quaternary ammonium salts from 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (PyQAs), namely N,N′-diphenacyl-1,2-bis(4-pyridinium)ethane dibromide (PyQAs1) and N,N′-di(p-methoxyphenacyl)-1,2-bis(4-pyridinium)ethane dibromide (PyQAs2), upon the size and photoluminescence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was investigated. The formation of ZnO NPs took place in the presence of variable amounts of the two PyQAs species (1, 2.5, and 5%), according to the chemical precipitation of zinc(II) acetate with potassium hydroxide in ethanol under reflux. The obtained ZnO NPs were structurally characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. The fluorescence of all supernatant solutions, observed under ultraviolet light, determined us to make an investigation of the solutions by means of liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS-ESI) in order to elucidate the identity of the newly formed fluorescent species. Such an occurrence thus allowed the invocation of the catalytic effect of zinc(II) ions towards the organic transformation of both nonfluorescent PyQAs surfactants into new fluorescent organic species.

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15

Voinov, A. V. "PyGPS: a GPS data processing automation package." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy 26, no. 6-8 (January 2001): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1895(01)00105-3.

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16

Gerszi, Th. "Eine neu entdeckte Zeichnung von Jan Pynas." Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art / Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 38, no. 1 (1987): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22145966-90000030.

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17

Sharma, Harish, Rajesh Kumar, Mahesh Chandra Vishwakarma, Sushil Kumar Joshi, and Narender Singh Bhandari. "Synthesis and Characterization of Piperidin-4-one Derivatives Using Green Solvent." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 4 (February 25, 2020): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22372.

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In present study, Pyras pashia leaves were used as low cost biosorbent to study biosorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from contaminated wastewater. In the employed batch methods pH, contact time, metal ion concentration, temperature, biosorbent doses were taken as study parameters. The pH was varied from pH 1-9 to study the influence of pH on biosorption of metal ions by Pyras pashia. The optimum pH for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) is observed at pH 5. The biosorption equilibrium time was varied between 15-75 min. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were employed to study the biosorption. The biosorption parameter fits well with Langmuir isotherm. The biosorption of metal ions was increased with increasing biosorbent dose and contact time while increase in pH, metal ion concentration and temperature decrease the biosorption. Thermodynamic data suggest that the bisorption process was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic.

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18

Mulder, Eric W. A. "Co-ossified vertebrae of mosasaurs and cetaceans: implications for the mode of locomotion of extinct marine reptiles." Paleobiology 27, no. 4 (2001): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0724:covoma>2.0.co;2.

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Co-ossified pygal and caudal vertebrae in Late Cretaceous mosasaurs from the southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium, and North America are compared with lumbar and caudal vertebrae from fossil and extant whales. Both infectious spondylitis and idiopathic vertebral hyperostosis afflicted these marine tetrapods. The causes of the infectious disease and of the idiopathic disease are similar in the compared life forms. The location of idiopathic hyperostosis along the vertebral column implicates axial locomotion in mosasaurs, as in whales.

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19

Shin, Yoon Ju, Jong-Min Lim, Ji Hyun Park, Dong-Woog Choi, Mi Sook Hwang, Eun-Jeong Park, Sung Ran Min, Suk Weon Kim, and Won-Joong Jeong. "Characterization of PyGUS gene silencing in the red macroalga, Pyropia yezoensis." Plant Biotechnology Reports 10, no. 6 (September 19, 2016): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11816-016-0408-5.

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20

Iacomi, Paul, and Philip L. Llewellyn. "pyGAPS: a Python-based framework for adsorption isotherm processing and material characterisation." Adsorption 25, no. 8 (September 30, 2019): 1533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-019-00168-5.

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21

Ge, Mingyuan, and Wah-Keat Lee. "PyXAS – an open-source package for 2D X-ray near-edge spectroscopy analysis." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520001071.

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In the synchrotron X-ray community, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) is a widely used technique to probe the local coordination environment and the oxidation states of specific elements within a sample. Although this technique is usually applied to bulk samples, the advent of new synchrotron sources has enabled spatially resolved versions of this technique (2D XANES). This development has been extremely powerful for the study of heterogeneous systems, which is the case for nearly all real applications. However, associated with the development of 2D XANES comes the challenge of analyzing very large volumes of data. As an example, a single 2D XANES measurement at a synchrotron can easily produce ∼106 spatially resolved XANES spectra. Conventional manual analysis of an individual XANES spectrum is no longer feasible. Here, a software package is described that has been developed for high-throughput 2D XANES analysis. A detailed description of the software as well as example applications are provided.

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22

Bull, Carolee T., Polly H. Goldman, Ryan Hayes, Laurence V. Madden, Steven T. Koike, and Ed Ryder. "Genetic Diversity of Lettuce for Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-0917-02-rs.

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Lettuce plants were artificially inoculated with three isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in field and greenhouse evaluations for genetic variation in resistance to bacterial leaf spot. The cultivar Little Gem had the least amount of disease, whether evaluated for disease severity or disease incidence. Disease severity levels for cultivar Batavia Reine des Glaces were not significantly different from those of Little Gem. Several cultivars including Vista Verde, Pybas 251, Pacific, Clemente, Salinas 88, and Sniper were highly susceptible. There was a strong correlation between results obtained in the greenhouse and those obtained in the field (r = 0.77, P = 0.009) indicating that greenhouse assays may be used to increase the number of cultivars evaluated and to speed breeding efforts. Accepted for publication 17 May 2007. Published 17 September 2007.

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23

WAMBUI, JOSEPH, GIOVANNI GHIELMETTI, MARINA MORACH, MIRJAM HOCHREUTENER, and ROGER STEPHAN. "Detection of Psychrophilic Clostridium spp. in Fecal Samples from Cattle of Different Ages Sampled at the Slaughterhouse Level." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-259.

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ABSTRACT Clostridium estertheticum and C. estertheticum–like spp. are obligate anaerobic psychrophiles causing “blown pack” spoilage of chilled vacuum-packed meat. The present study aimed at detecting and isolating these spoilage bacteria in fecal samples of cattle of different ages at the slaughterhouse level. One hundred two swab fecal samples were obtained and enriched anaerobically in prereduced peptone-yeast-glucose-starch (PYGS) medium for 3 weeks at 4°C and then screened for C. estertheticum and C. estertheticum–like spp. by using a 16S rRNA gene–based real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay. The RT-PCR–positive samples were further enriched for 3 weeks in prereduced PYGS medium and then subjected to an ethanol (50%, v/v) and lysozyme (4 mg/mL) treatment. Isolation was carried out anaerobically on Columbia agar with 5% defibrinated sheep blood at 4°C for 3 weeks. Isolated strains were identified morphologically and by the 16S rRNA gene. Forty (39%) of 102 samples were RT-PCR positive. The frequency of positive samples was the following: 9 (45%) of 20 in calves (aged ≤160 days), 23 (43%) of 54 in young cattle (aged 161 to 1,000 days), and 8 (29%) of 28 in cows or bulls (aged >1,000 days). Six strains were isolated from 6 of 40 RT-PCR–positive samples. Of these, five were from the calves (n = 1) and young cattle (n = 4). The six isolates were identified as C. estertheticum (n = 1), Clostridium frigoriphilum (n = 1), and C. estertheticum–like spp. (n = 4). The present findings confirm that feces of cattle are an important source of psychrophilic Clostridium spp. The fecal carriage among livestock animals at slaughter is strongly correlated with the risk of carcass contamination. Therefore, the maintenance of slaughter hygiene is of central importance. HIGHLIGHTS

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24

Bruyn, J. "François Venant. Enige aanvullingen." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 111, no. 3 (1997): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501797x00195.

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AbstractSince J. G. van Gelder was able to identify a number of works by François Venant (1591/92-1636) in 1938 (note 2) and Kurt Bauch and Astrid Tümpel added to these one painting and a drawing (notes 14 and 3), the artist has been known as one of the so-called Pre-Rembrandtists. Together with his contemporaries Claes Cornelisz. Moeyaert (c. 1590/91-1655) and Jacob Pynas (1592/93-after 1650) he was one of the younger artists of this group. Its style was dominated by Pictcr Lastman (1583-1633) and Jan Pynas (1581/82-1633), both of whom underwent the influence of Adam Elsheimer during their stay in Rome. Venant married a younger sister of Lastman in 1625. The latter's influence on his work had however set in well before that year. Jacob's Dream, signed and dated 161(7?) (note 10, fig. 2) testifies to this, as well as showing traces of Elsheimer's influence, possibly transmitted by Jan Pynas (notes 12 and 13, fig. 3). A somewhat later signed work, David's parting from Jonathan (note 5, fig.1), closely follows Lastman's version of the subject of 1620 (note 6) though the grouping of the two figures may be taken as typical of Venant's personal style. In an unsigned picture of Gideon's Scacrifice, which may also be dated to the early 1620s (note 14, fig. 4), the artist once more makes use of motifs from various works by Lastman. Two undated drawings would seem to represent a slightly later stage in the artists's development. The Baptism of the Eunuch (notes 16 and 18, fig. 5) betrays the attempt to emulate Lastman's pictures on the subject, especially one of 1623 (note 17), by enhancing the dramatic actions in the scene, and so does Gideon's Sacrifice (note 20, figs. 6 and 8), which seems to be based on Lastman's Sacrifice of Monoah of 1627 (note 21, fig.7). To these works, spanning a period from 1617 (?) to the late '20s, may be added two more, another drawing and a painting. The drawing of Daniel at Belshazzar's Feast was formerly attributed to Lastman (notes 25-33, figs. and 10). While the technique, notably the use of wash, differs from that in the drawings mentioned above, the similarities to these in linear rhythm and conception are such that they may all be attributed to the same hand. The technical differences may be accounted for by assuming a slightly later date and, more particularly, a different purpose; whereas the other drawings were in all likelihood self-contained products, Belshazzar's Feast appears to be a sketch for a painting. The last phase of Venant's career seems to be represented by the largest painting known to us and the only one on canvas, Elisha Refusing Naäman's Gifts (note 34, fig. 11). It shows the artist disengaging himself from Lastman at last, possibly after the latter's death in 1633. While the composition is still reminiscent of his carlier work, here Venant seems to have made a fresh start by allowing study from life to play a more important role than before. The landscape differs radically from earlier backgrounds and may well have been influenced by Barholomeus Breenbergh, who returned from Italy around 1630 and whose influence may also be detected in the heavy wash that marks the Belshazzar drawing. The artist's further development was cut short by his untimely death, probably of the plague, in 1636.

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25

MASROOR, RAFAQAT. "A new arboreal species of Cyrtopodion (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Deh Akro-II Wetlands Complex, Sindh, Pakistan." Zootaxa 2243, no. 1 (September 30, 2009): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2243.1.4.

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A distinctive new thin-toed gecko, Cyrtopodion dehakroense sp. nov. is described from Deh Akro-II Wetlands Complex, Nawabshah, Sindh, bringing the number of species of this genus in Pakistan to nine. The major diagnostic characters of the new species include the presence of 7–9 very narrow, V-shaped, dark brown, transverse dorsal bands on the body from the nape to the level of the vent, four precloacal pores in males, absence of femoral pores, 21–25 rows of ventral scales across midbody, 92–102 scales along ventral midline of body, and presence of paired subcaudal scales under the post-pygal portion of the tail. The species is a desert form and has thus far been found only in sandy areas of this wetlands complex at mean elevations of about 10 m. Strictly nocturnal, it inhabits old-growth trees of Prosopis cineraria (Jand/Kandi) and feeds mainly on a variety of insects.

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26

STRINGER, SANDRA C., and MICHAEL W. PECK. "Combinations of Heat Treatment and Sodium Chloride That Prevent Growth from Spores of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.12.1553.

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The ability of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum to survive heat treatment and subsequently produce turbidity at 10°C in the presence of NaCl was quantified for different incubation times. Spores of nonproteolytic C. botulinum strain Eklund 17B were heated at 75°C for up to 4 min or 90°C for up to 30 min and subsequently incubated at l0°C in PYGS broth containing 1.5%. 3.0%, or 4.0% NaCl (wt/vol) with or without 10 μg hen egg white lysozyme ml−1. Heat treatment at 90°C for 30 min or incubation at 10°C in the presence of 4.0% NaCl did not prevent growth from up to 1.4 × l05 spores. Heat treatment at 90°C for 15 min and incubation in the presence of 4.0% NaCl did prevent growth in the same conditions.

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27

O'Loughlin, P. Mark, and Cynthia Ahearn. "A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 62, no. 2 (2005): 147–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.5.

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28

Reiss, Hans, and Carsten Zelle. "Immanuel Jacob Pyra: Uber das Erhabene. Herausgegeben mit einer Einleitung und einem Anhang von Briefen Bodmers, Langes und Pyras." Modern Language Review 88, no. 1 (January 1993): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3730880.

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29

MOUND, LAURENCE A., and KAMB MINAEI. "New fungus-feeding thrips (Thysanoptera–Phlaeothripinae) from tropical Australia." Zootaxa 1150, no. 1 (March 14, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1150.1.1.

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Three new genera and seven new species of fungal-feeding thrips are described from the northern, tropical zone of Australia. Majerthrips barrowi gen. et sp. n. is a large species exhibiting polymorphism associated with wing development and sex, whereas Senithrips psomus gen. et sp. n. is a minute monomorphic species with little sexual dimorphism. Also monomorphic is Jacotia rhodorcha sp.n., the fourth species described in this genus from Australia. These three were all taken during a biodiversity survey of Barrow Island, Western Australia. Structural variation in Streptothrips tribulatius sp. n. from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, confirms the existence of dimorphism in this genus between winged and wingless individuals. Stomothrips mouldeni differs from the single described species in this genus in having the mouth cone directed ventrally not posteriorly; it was collected from Cycas pruinosa in the north of Western Australia. Also in this area but living at the base of Triodia grasses, Apostlethrips apostus and A. pygus gen. et spp. n. are remarkable amongst the Eurythrips group of leaf-litter phlaeothripines in lacking sense cones on antennal segment III, and lacking tergal wing retaining setae in macropterae, also in the setose abdominal apex.

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Röttgers, Bernhard, Thorsten Naab, Miha Cernetic, Romeel Davé, Guinevere Kauffmann, Sanchayeeta Borthakur, and Horst Foidl. "Lyman α absorption beyond the disc of simulated spiral galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 496, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1490.

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ABSTRACT We present an analysis of the origin and properties of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) in a suite of 11 cosmological zoom simulations resembling present-day spiral galaxies. On average the galaxies retain about 50 per cent of the cosmic fraction in baryons, almost equally divided into disc (interstellar medium) gas, cool CGM gas and warm-hot CGM gas. At radii smaller than 50 kpc the CGM is dominated by recycled warm-hot gas injected from the central galaxy, while at larger radii it is dominated by cool gas accreted on to the halo. The recycled gas typically accounts for one-third of the CGM mass. We introduce the novel publicly available analysis tool pygad to compute ion abundances and mock absorption spectra. For Lyman α absorption, we find good agreement of the simulated equivalent width (EW) distribution and observations out to large radii. Disc galaxies with quiescent assembly histories show significantly more absorption along the disc major axis. By comparing the EW and H i column densities, we find that CGM Lyman α absorbers are best represented by an effective line width b ≈ 50–70 km s−1 that increases mildly with halo mass, larger than typically assumed.

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31

Brinkman, Donald B., and Jiang-Hua Peng. "New material of Sinemys (Testudines, Sinemydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-185.

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Sinemys lens is redescribed on the basis of new material from the Early Cretaceous of Shandong, China, and a new species of Sinemys from the Ordos Basin in Inner Mongolia is recognized. Sinemys and Manchurochelys are placed in the Sinemydidae (sensu stricto) on the basis of the derived features of a small first suprapygal and an elongate, narrow posterior lobe of the plastron. Sinemys is autapomorphic in the absence of a cervical scute, the entry of the first vertebral onto the anterior margin of the carapace, the absence of a pygal bone, the entry of the fifth vertebral scute into the posterior margin of the carapace, in that the riblike lateral projections of the last three costal bones fit between the adjacent peripherals, and in the isolation of the epiplastra from the hyoplastra by lateral expansion of the entoplastron.Sinemys gamera sp.nov., from the Early Cretaceous Luohandong Formation of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, is characterized by the presence of a flat carapace with an abbreviated posterior end and the presence of long spines on the seventh costal. The spines in S. gamera may serve a hydrodynamic function.

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32

Shang, Guihua, Mark J. Hampden-Smith, and Eileen N. Duesler. "Reaction of Sulfur with Ga−C Bonds: Synthesis and Characterization of [PyRGaS]3Formed from Ga(S2R)3(R = Et, Me)." Inorganic Chemistry 35, no. 9 (January 1996): 2611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic951469b.

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33

Melakeberhan, Haddish, and Wei Wang. "Suitability of celery cultivars to infection by populations of Meloidogyne hapla." Nematology 14, no. 5 (2012): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854112x624186.

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In addition to a limited number of commercially available cultivars, celery has least known status against plant-parasitic nematodes such as Meloidogyne hapla. The interactions of the cvs Dutchess and Green Bay, most widely used, and P-6848 Pybas and S-1355, new entries, and populations of M. hapla, Mh 1, Mh 2 and Mh 3, isolated from sandy/sandy loam soils, and Mh 4 and Mh 5, isolated from organic (muck) soil typical of celery production, were examined in a one nematode-generation glasshouse experiment. The tomato cv. Rutgers, a susceptible host on which the M. hapla populations were cultured, was used as a nematode viability control. Mh 5 followed by Mh 3 were the most infective of the populations of M. hapla. The celery cultivars ranged between 32% and 67% of the suitability of Rutgers tomato to M. hapla. In 3-month long experiments, inocula of 3500 and 9100 Mh 4 eggs (600 cm3 soil)−1 suppressed celery growth, suggesting the potential of these populations of M. hapla to cause yield loss. However, the varying degree of host suitability suggests that the severity of the problem will likely vary by cultivar and population of M. hapla. The study establishes numerical references for selecting cultivars and/or designing suitable location-specific management practices.

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34

Ghoddusi, Hamid B., Richard E. Sherburn, and Olusimbo O. Aboaba. "Growth Limiting pH, Water Activity, and Temperature for Neurotoxigenic Strains of Clostridium butyricum." ISRN Microbiology 2013 (September 30, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/731430.

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Some rare strains of Clostridium butyricum carry the gene encoding the botulinal type E neurotoxin and must be considered as possible hazards in certain types of food. The limiting growth conditions for C. butyricum were determined in peptone yeast glucose starch (PYGS) broth incubated anaerobically at 30°C for up to 42 days. The minimum pH values permitting growth depended on the acidulant and strain. Organic acids were more effective at inhibiting growth than HCl as expected. The lowest pH values at which growth of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of C. butyricum was observed in broth acidified with HCl were 4.1 and 4.2, respectively. In organic acids, however, the minimum pH varied between 4.4 and 5.1 depending on acid type and concentration. The minimum water activity for growth of toxigenic strains of C. butyricum was 0.96. The minimum growth temperatures of the toxigenic strains of C. butyricum (ca 10-11°C) were somewhat higher than for non-toxigenic ones (8°C). It was concluded that control of toxigenic C. butyricum in the food industry needs to allow for the greater pH tolerance of this species compared with proteolytic C. botulinum.

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35

Vieira, Lucélia G., André L. Q. Santos, Léa R. Moura, Stiwens R. T. Orpinelli, Kleber F. Pereira, and Fabiano C. Lima. "Morphology, development and heterochrony of the carapace of Giant Amazon River Turtle Podocnemis expansa (Testudines, Podocnemidae)." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 5 (May 2016): 436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000500014.

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Abstract: With aim to report the ontogeny of the osseous elements of the carapace in Peurodiras, 62 embryos and 43 nestlings of Podocnemis expansa were collected and submitted to the clearing and staining technique of bones and cartilages and study of serial histological slices. The carapace has mixed osseous structure of endo and exoskeleton, formed by 8 pairs of costal bones associated with ribs, 7 neural bones associated with neural arches, 11 pairs of peripheral bones, 1 nuchal, 1 pygal and 1 suprapygal. This structure begins its formation in the beginning of stage 16 with the ossification of the periosteal collar of the ribs. With exception of the peripheral bones, the other ones begin their ossification during the embrionary period. In histologic investigation it was found that the costal bones and neural bones have a close relation to the endoskeleton components, originating themselves as intramembranous expansions of the periosteal collar of the ribs and neural arches, respectively. The condensation of the mesenchyme adjacent to the periosteal collar induces the formation of spikes that grow in trabeculae permeated by fibroblasts below the dermis. The nuchal bone also ossifies in an intramembranous way, but does not show direct relation to the endoskeleton. Such information confirms those related to the other Pleurodira, mainly with Podocnemis unifilis, sometimes with conspicuous variations in the chronology of the ossification events. The formation of dermal plates in the carapace of Pleurodira and Criptodira follow the same pattern.

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36

Joyce, Walter G. "The first complete skeleton of Solnhofia parsonsi (Cryptodira, Eurysternidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Germany and its taxonomic implications." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 4 (July 2000): 684–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000032807.

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A complete skeleton of Solnhofia parsonsi (Cryptodira, Eurysternidae) from the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary of Schamhaupten, Germany provides the first complete understanding of the postcranial morphology of this genus. The here newly described postcranial characters are important in distinguishing Solnhofia from shell-based genera and thus help in resolving part of the parataxonomic conflict between shell-based and cranium-based turtle genera. This disparity originated during the last 150 years due to the history of fossil finds, preparation, and changing interests of researchers. Synonymies of Solnhofia with such turtle genera as Eurysternum, Idiochelys, Plesiochelys, Thalassemys, and Euryaspis can now be refuted. Similarities with Hydropelta are apparent, but not considered sufficient to support a synonymy. Newly observed or confirmed characters include the relatively large head (40 percent of the carapace length), the pentagonal carapace, the unique arrangement of bones and fontanelles in the pygal region, and the absence of mesoplastra, epiplastra, and an entoplastron.The carcass of the new specimen was embedded in finely laminated limestones and shows little sign of disintegration or scavenging, suggesting hostile bottom conditions with very low water energy during deposition. This taphonomy agrees with recent published models for the origin of the lithographic limestones of southern Germany. Tooth marks along the posterior margin of the carapace are evidence of predation by a broad-nosed crocodilian. This is the first clear example for this type of predatorial interaction from the Upper Jurassic of Germany.

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37

Cuthbertson, Robin S., Jordan C. Mallon, Nicolas E. Campione, and Robert B. Holmes. "A new species of mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Pierre Shale (lower Campanian) of Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-006.

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Plioplatecarpus nichollsae, sp. nov., from the lower Campanian (Pembina Member, Pierre Shale Formation) is diagnosed by the following: a thickened ventral rim of the external naris, a short supratemporal fenestra, a frontal shield with well-developed posterolateral lappets that overlap the parietal dorsally, proximal rib shafts with an approximately circular (but not inflated) cross section, a scapula shaped as in other Plioplatecarpus species but approximately the same size (not larger) than the coracoid, and a moderately large parietal foramen that reaches the frontoparietal suture but does not invade the frontal. The last two characters require that the diagnosis of the genus Plioplatecarpus be emended. With other Plioplatecarpus species, P. nichollsae shares a robust humerus with a distal expansion at least as great as the total length of the bone, a rectangular preorbital frontal shield, a "peg and socket" postorbitofrontal-jugal articulation, a transversely directed ectopterygoid process of the pterygoid, a large, robust quadrate with a distinct eminence on the posterior surface of its shaft, an unossified gap in the ventral wall of the basioccipital, and at least 11 pygal vertebrae. P. nichollsae also shares primitive features with Platecarpus, as well as features apparently intermediate between Platecarpus and Plioplatecarpus. Revision of the genus Platecarpus, currently hypothesized to be both paraphyletic and polyphyletic, as well as a better understanding of the early Campanian mosasaur fauna from the Morden area, are necessary before the phylogenetic significance of some of these characters, and therefore the relationships of Plioplatecarpus nichollsae, can be fully resolved.

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38

Schofield, K., and A. E. Adams. "Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Woo Dale Limestones Formation (Dinantian), Derbyshire." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.225.

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39

Lott, G. K., K. C. Ball, and I. P. Wilkinson. "Mid-Cretaceous stratigraphy of a cored borehole in the western part of the Central North Sea Basin." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.235.

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40

BARNETT, J. A. M. "Fracture patterns related to volcanic necks and pipes in an Upper Limestone Group (Namurian) coal seam in the Kincardine Basin, West Fife, Scotland." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.249.

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41

HOWARD, A. S. "Lithostratigraphy of the Staithes Sandstone and Cleveland Ironstone formations (Lower Jurassic) of north-east Yorkshire." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.261.

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42

HILL, C. R., D. T. MOORE, J. T. GREENSMITH, and R. WILLIAMS. "Palaeobotany and petrology of a Middle Jurassic ironstone bed at Wrack Hills, North Yorkshire." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.277.

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43

Fisher, M. J., and N. J. Hancock. "The Scalby Formation (Middle Jurassic, Ravenscar Group) of Yorkshire: reassessment of age and depositional environment." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.293.

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44

MILLWARD, D., and D. J. D. LAWRENCE. "The Stockdale (Yarlside) Rhyolite - a rheomorphic ignimbrite?" Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.299.

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45

Wheeler, D. A. "An analysis of the aeolian dustfall on eastern Britain, November 1984." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45, no. 4 (December 1985): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.45.4.307.

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46

Brunton, C. H. C., and D. J. C. Mundy. "Some Dinantian chonopectinid productaceans (Brachiopoda) from the British Isles." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 46, no. 1 (November 1986): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.46.1.1.

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47

Mitchell, M., A. R. E. Strank, B. M. Thornbury, and G. D. Sevastopulo. "The distribution of platform conodonts, corals and foraminifera from the Black Rock Limestone (late Tournaisian and early Viséan) of Tears Point, Gower, South Wales." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 46, no. 1 (November 1986): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.46.1.11.

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48

Young, B., N. J. Fortey, and P. H. A. Nancarrow. "An occurrence of tungsten mineralisation in the Eskdale Intrusion, west Cumbria." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 46, no. 1 (November 1986): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.46.1.15.

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49

Bancroft, A. J. "The Carboniferous cystoporate bryozoan Eridopora macrostoma Ulrich from the north of England." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 46, no. 1 (November 1986): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.46.1.23.

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50

Rock, N. M. S., C. Cooper, and J. W. Gaskarth. "Late Caledonian subvolcanic vents and associated dykes in the Kirkcudbright area, Galloway, south-west Scotland." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 46, no. 1 (November 1986): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.46.1.29.

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