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Journal articles on the topic 'Pyrazine derivatives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Hrynyshyn, Yevhenii, Hanna Musiichuk, Olena Komarovska-Porokhnyavets, et al. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 4-Arylthio- and 4 Alkylthiofunctionalized Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 85, no. 1 (2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.1.2019.58-66.

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The reaction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-4(5H)ones with phosphorus tribromoxide in boiling benzene yielded 4-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines, and the thionation with phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine at 90 °C led to pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-4(5H)thiones. The synthesized bromine derivatives are electrophilic, and thiones are nucleophilic substrates. Their subsequent structural modification in the first case was carried out by interaction with thiophenols, and in the second case was conducted with functional halogenoalkanes. It was shown that bromides react with substituted thiophenols in dimethyl

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2

Kučerová-Chlupáčová, Marta, Veronika Opletalová, Josef Jampílek, et al. "New Hydrophobicity Constants of Substituents in Pyrazine Rings Derived from RP-HPLC Study." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 1 (2008): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080001.

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Pyrazine derivatives show a wide range of biological activities. 1-Pyrazin-2-ylethan-1-ones have served as food flavourants, and together with pyrazine-2-carbonitriles have been widely used as intermediates in the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds. In our laboratory, substituted pyrazine-2-carbonitriles and 1-pyrazin-2-ylethan-1-ones have been used as intermediates for the preparation of potential antifungal and antimycobacterial drugs. Using established methods, a library of pyrazine derivatives was synthesized. Homolytic alkylation of commercially available pyrazine-2-carbonitrile

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3

Moravcová, Šárka, Vendula Fiedlerová, Jiří Tůma, Karel Musil, and Lenka Tůmová. "Effect of Selected Pyrazine Derivatives on the Production of Phenolics and Rutin in Urtica dioica and Fagopyrum esculentum." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 4 (2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100409.

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The effect of four pyrazine derivatives on the content of phenolic compounds in Urtica dioica L. and rutin in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench was studied. Pyrazine derivatives H1 and H2 were used on U. dioica, and derivatives S1 and S2 on F. esculentum, both separately and in combination with urea. The content of phenolic compounds in the stems of U. dioica after treatment with H2 at a concentration of 10−3 M significantly increased compared with the control and to a lower concentration of the same pyrazine derivative. In the case of S1 and S2 for F. esculentum, rutin content also increased in ste

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4

Ashraf-Khorassani, Mehdi, William M. Coleman, Michael F. Dube, and Larry T. Taylor. "Optimal Synthesis of Substituted and Branched Pyrazines via Reaction of Alpha Hydroxy Ketones with Selected Nitrogen Sources." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, no. 6 (2019): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2019-0006.

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SummaryEmployment of 1-hydroxy-acetone as a carbon source and NH4OH as a source of base and nitrogen, has enabled arrays of pyrazines to be synthesized. Reaction conditions such as temperature, time, carbon/nitrogen mole ratios and pH were optimized to maximize the quantity of pyrazines, thereby providing the synthesis of at least 19–20 structurally different pyrazines. Addition of amino acids, selected aldehydes, and hydrolyzed tobacco-derived F1 protein has positively impacted the array of pyrazines from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Results further showed that by changing the c

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5

Jyothi, Boggavarapu, and Nannapaneni Madhavi. "Green Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel N-Arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-Carboxamide Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22365.

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The article deals with the synthesis of some novel N-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxamides (7a-l) by condensation reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (5) with different aliphatic/aromatic amines (6a-l) by using 1-methylimidazole, Mukaiyama’s reagent and 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide under microwave irradiation conditions. A new series of compounds 7 have been prepared from 2-iodopyrazine (1). Compound 1 on purged with ammonia gas in the presence of Cu2O and K2CO3 furnishes pyrazin-2-amine (2), which is treated with ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate (3) to produce ethyl im

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6

Diao, Li Xiao, Yue Zhi Cui, Xiang Jian Meng, and Xing Wu Liu. "The Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence of Pyrazine Derivatives." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1266.

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A series of multi-branched pyrazine derivatives have been synthesized, of which, the two-branched one with para-branching pattern shows much enhanced two-photon absorption cross section (σ) than that with meta-branching pattern (1.8 times). The three-branched pyrazine derivative, in which the branches are at ortho- or para-position, show strong two-photon absorption properties (σ=753GM), while its s-triazine analogue TSTA, with all the branches in meta-position, exhibit too weak two-photon excited fluorescence to be detected. These results indicate great effects of branching pattern on two-pho

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7

Mager, H. I. X., and W. Berends. "Investigations on pyrazine derivatives." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 76, no. 1 (2010): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19570760104.

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8

ONG, KOK TONG, ZHI-QIANG LIU, and MENG GUAN TAY. "Review on the Synthesis of Pyrazine and Its Derivatives." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (2017): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.591.2017.

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Pyrazine is a kind of natural product which can be found in plants, animals, insects, marine organisms andmicroorganisms. The main function of pyrazine in living organisms is used as flavor of the raw foods. Pyrazine and its derivatives were also produced in industries mainly for fragrance, flavor and pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the historical development of pyrazine including the discovery and synthesis, to the recent synthetic approach of pyrazinium. In general, six synthetic approaches namely condensation reaction, ring closure, metal catalysis, green reaction, Mailla

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9

Das, Rina, and Dinesh Kumar Mehta. "Evaluation and Docking Study of Pyrazine Containing 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles Clubbed with Substituted Azetidin-2-one: A New Class of Potential Antimicrobial and Antitubercular." Drug Research 71, no. 01 (2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1252-2378.

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Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the main killers of people all over the world. The major hurdles with existing therapy are the lengthy regimen and appearance of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of M.tuberculosis. Aims The present work was aimed to synthesize and determine antitubercular and antimicrobial potential of some novel 3-chloro-4-aryl-1-[4-(5-pyrazin-2-yl[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-azetidin-2-one derivatives 7(a-h) from pyrazinoic acid as precursor, which is a well-established antitu

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10

Akune, Yoko, Risa Hirosawa, Atsushi Koseki, and Shinya Matsumoto. "Role of halogen substituents in a series of polymorphic 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine derivatives with highly flexible groups." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 232, no. 5 (2017): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2016-2007.

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AbstractThe crystal structures of the ortho-X-benzyl derivatives, where X=F, Cl, Br, I, and Me, of 2,5-bis(N,N-dibenzylamino)-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes (C34H24N6X4) were analysed to evaluate the effect of a systematic series of structures on the occurrence of polymorphism. Detailed crystal structure analysis indicated that the thermally stable forms of the polymorphic derivatives (Cl and Br derivatives) were close-packed, whereas those of the non-polymorphic derivatives (F and I derivatives) were stabilised by an intermolecular interaction involving the ortho-substituents. In the thermally meta

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11

Asif, Mohammad. "Piperazine and Pyrazine containing molecules and their diverse pharmacological activities." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (2015): 05. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i1.1766.

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Efforts were made to synthesize different heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives and were found to posses promising pharmacological compounds. Although piperazine and pyrazine moiety is six membered heterocyclic compounds but is fascinated by scientists because of the diverse biological activities by not only piperazine and pyrazine but its various substituted derivatives as well and having diverse pharmacological activities such antitumor, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti?tubercular and anti diabetic, antihistamine, antiinflamatory and other activities. Som

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12

Peng, Hai Tao, Yue Zhi Cui, Tao Zhang, Yang Zhang, and Hai Xing Guan. "Optical Properties of Chromophores with Different Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Aromatic Ring." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1598.

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A series of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) molecules containing six-membered N-heterocyclic electron acceptors, as well as their phenyl analogue, have been synthesized. The pyrazine derivatives exhibit the largest quantum yield, stokes shift and the longest emission maxima wavelength due to the appropriate electronegativity of pyrazine, while the triazine derivative has much lower quantum yield due to its too strong ICT. The methyl groups at N-heterocyclic rings also have influence on the optical properties by disturbing the molecular dipole moment.

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13

Zhou, Yan Mei, Yong Wei, Jin Yang, Hai Hai Li, Miao Deng Liu, and Nian Yu Huang. "Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pyrrolo[1,2-A]pyrazines via Pd-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 830 (October 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.830.115.

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Pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine possessed widely bioactivities due to its particular structure. In this work, three pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazines derivatives were synthesized from the 2-bromo-5-methoxypyrazine and propargyl amines or ethers through the Pd-catalyzed intermolecular cycloisomerization strategy. Their structures were characterized by NMR, IR, EI-MS and elemental analysis, and all of them exhibited moderatein vitroanti-inflammatory effects with the inhibitions of 43-59% against IL-6 at 50 μM. The compound3crevealed relatively good anti-inflammatory activities. The bioactive pyrrolo [1,2-a] py

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14

Arenas, Juan F., Juan I. Marcos, Juan T. Lopez-Navarrete, and Juan C. Otero. "Force field for out-of-plane vibrations of pyrazine." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 12 (1986): 2656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19862656.

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A general quadratic force field has been calculated for the out-of-plane vibrations of pyrazine by the MINDO/3 method. The first derivatives of the energy were computed analytically and the second derivatives of energy numerically. The force constants so obtained have been refined to fit the observed frequencies of -h4, -d4 and cis-pyrazine-d2. The calculations proved our assignment suggested previously, though the disagreement between theory and experiment for the Au vibrations of pyrazine needs additional experimental and theoretical data for clarification.

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15

Gobis, Katarzyna, Henryk Foks, Joanna Francuz, Zofia Zwolska, and Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć. "Studies on Pyrazine Derivatives, XLVI: The Synthesis of New Pyrazine Derivatives withN′-(Pyrazine-2-carbonyl)-hydrazinecarbodithioic Acid Methyl Ester Usage." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 181, no. 5 (2006): 977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500500272327.

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16

Boccuzzi, Tiziana, Luciana Cicco, Andrea Francesca Quivelli, et al. "2-Diphenylphosphinomethyl-3-methylpyrazine." Molbank 2021, no. 3 (2021): M1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1267.

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The lateral metalation-electrophilic trapping reaction of alkyl-substituted pyrazines has always been challenging and poorly regioselective, with the corresponding derivatives often being isolated in moderate yield. In this contribution, we first report on the preparation of an unsymmetrically-substituted pyrazine, that is 2-diphenylphosphinomethyl-3-methylpyrazine, by subjecting to metalation with n-BuLi the commercially available 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, followed by interception of the putative lithiated benzyl-type intermediate with Ph2PCl. Such a functionalization has been successfully carrie

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17

El-Wahab, Abd, A. H. Bedair, F. A. Eid, A. F. El-Haddad, Adawy El-Deeb, and G. M. El-Sherbiny. "Pyrazine-2-substituted carboxamide derivatives: synthesis, antimicrobial and leuconostoc mesenteroides growth inhibition activity." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 5 (2006): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0605471e.

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Condensation of pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride with aminoacetophenones gave the corresponding N-(acetylphenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide. Their reactions with some electrophilic (carbonyl group, bromine) and nucleophilic (malononitrile hydrazine) reagents are discussed. N-[3-(2,2-Dicyano-1-methylethenyl)phenyl]pyrazine- 2-carboxamide underwent Michael addition reaction with an activated double bond yielding 3-amino-5-aryl-3?-(pyrazine-2-carboxamido)biphenyl-2,4-dicarbonitrile derivatives and 2-imino-4-(3-(pyrazine-2-carboxamido)phenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexa 3,5-diene-1,1,3-tricarb

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18

Wang, Rong, Takeyoshi Okajima, Fusao Kitamura, et al. "Catalytic Reduction of O2by Pyrazine Derivatives." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 108, no. 11 (2004): 1891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp036024k.

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19

Dagley, IJ, and JL Flippenanderson. "Synthesis of Cyclic Nitramines From Products of the Cyclocondensation Reaction of Guanidine With 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxypiperazine-1,4-dicarbaldehyde." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 11 (1994): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9942033.

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The reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine-1,4-dicarbaldehyde (1) with guanidine hydrochloride in hydrochloric acid can be controlled to give 2,6-diiminododecahydrodiimidazo[4,5-b:4′,5′-e] pyrazine (2a) or the cis isomer of 4,5-diamino-2-iminoimidazolidine (4). Compound (4) reacts with formaldehyde, or formic acid followed by reduction, to give 2-iminooctahydroimidazo[4,5-d] imidazole (7). Treatment of (2a) or (7) with nitric acid gives dinitro derivatives that were isolated as nitric acid salts of the cyclic guanidines. Reaction of the dinitro derivatives with nitric acid/acetic anhydride

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20

Gobala Krishnan P, Gnanaprakash K, and Chandrasekhar KB. "Design, synthesis, characterization and antitubercular activity of some nov-el 2, 4-disubstituted thiazole derivatives." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (2019): 1504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.729.

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Literature reviews reveal that thiazole and pyrazine carboxamide derivatives exhibit anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-tubercular activities due to the presence of –S-C=N- and-CO–NH- moiety. A series of thiazolyl pyrazine carboxamide derivatives (5a-j) were synthesized by condensation reaction between 2-amino, 4-substituted phenyl 2-amino thiazole and pyrazine 2-carboxylic acid. These synthesized thiazole derivatives (5a-j) were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), H37Rv using microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). The compound, 5c an

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21

Savelli, Francesco, Alessandro Boido, and Gianluca Damonte. "Synthesis of 1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrido[2,3-e]pyrazine and 2H-Pyrano[2,3-b]pyrido[2,3-e]pyrazine Derivatives." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 33, no. 6 (1996): 1737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570330632.

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22

El-Shafei, A. K., A. M. El-Sayed, H. Abdel-Ghany, and A. M. M. El-Saghier. "Synthesis and Reactions of Some Pyrazine Derivatives." Synthetic Communications 24, no. 13 (1994): 1895–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919408010198.

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23

Ferreira, Sabrina Baptista, and Carlos Roland Kaiser. "Pyrazine derivatives: a patent review (2008 – present)." Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 22, no. 9 (2012): 1033–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.2012.714370.

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24

Nawasreh, M. "Stereoselective synthesis of bis-steroidal pyrazine derivatives." Natural Product Research 21, no. 2 (2007): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410500059243.

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25

Du, Xiaohui, Darin J. Gustin, Xiaoqi Chen, et al. "Imidazo-pyrazine derivatives as potent CXCR3 antagonists." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 19, no. 17 (2009): 5200–5204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.021.

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26

Mørkved, E. H. "Pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitriles substituted with maleimide derivatives." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 43, no. 9 (2007): 1197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-007-0183-x.

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27

Zakarya, Driss, Lahbib Farhaoui, Mohammed Hamidi, and Mohammed Bouachrine. "Structure–olfactive threshold relationships for pyrazine derivatives." Journal of Molecular Modeling 12, no. 6 (2006): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00894-006-0115-1.

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28

Pokorný, J., A. Farouk Mansour, F. Pudil, and V. Janda. "Effect of defatted soybean flour on the flavour of extruded mixtures with wheat flour." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 20, No. 6 (2011): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3535-cjfs.

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Mixtures of wheat semolina, 5% glucose and 0&ndash;30% defatted soybean flour were used for the preparation of extruded samples using a pilot plant single screw extruder, maximum temperature being 140&deg;C. The browning reactions were only moderate, the intensities of the trichromatic a* coordinate increased, and some changes were observed in chroma and the odour difference &Delta;E*. The sensory acceptability improved by increasing the content of soybean flour, the odour intensity increased, and some changes were observed in the sensory profile. Volatile substances were isolated

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29

Sonawane, Amol D., Atsushi Shimozuma, Taro Udagawa, Masayuki Ninomiya, and Mamoru Koketsu. "Synthesis and photophysical properties of selenopheno[2,3-b]quinoxaline and selenopheno[2,3-b]pyrazine heteroacenes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 21 (2020): 4063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob00718h.

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Novel synthesis of 2-arylselenopheno[2,3-b]quinoxaline, 3-(aryl/alkylselanyl)-2-arylselenopheno[2,3-b]quinoxaline and 6-phenyl-7-(arylselanyl)selenopheno[2,3-b]pyrazine derivatives, from the corresponding 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline and 2,3-dichloropyrazine derivatives.

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30

Piltan, Mohammad, Loghman Moradi, Golaleh Abasi, and Seyed Amir Zarei. "A one-pot catalyst-free synthesis of functionalized pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives from benzene-1,2-diamine, acetylenedicarboxylates and ethyl bromopyruvate." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (March 11, 2013): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.55.

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The catalyst-free multicomponent reaction of 1,2-diaminobenzene, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and ethyl bromopyruvate forms pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives in good yields. Ethylenediamine also reacts under similar conditions to produce new pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives.

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31

Li, Zhenghua, Yaping Zhao, Guilong Tian, et al. "Synthesis of novel imidazole-based triheterocycles via a domino Ugi/Michael reaction and silver-catalyzed heteroannulation." RSC Advances 6, no. 105 (2016): 103601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra23180b.

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32

Xu, Chanchan, Le Lv, Dawei Luo, and Wei Liu. "Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence properties of three copper(i) iodide based inorganic–organic hybrid structures with pyrazine derivatives." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 33 (2020): 14103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02341h.

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33

Foks, H., I. Trapkowska, M. Janowiec, Z. Zwolska, and E. Augustynowicz-Kopec. "Studies on Pyrazine Derivatives. 38. Synthesis, Reactions, and Tuberculostatic Activity of Pyrazinyl-substituted Derivatives of Hydrazinocarbodithioic Acid." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 40, no. 9 (2004): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:cohc.0000048293.68655.d5.

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34

Xiong, Biao, Shu-Di Zhang, Lu Chen, Bin Li, Huan-Feng Jiang, and Min Zhang. "An annulative transfer hydrogenation strategy enables straightforward access to tetrahydro fused-pyrazine derivatives." Chemical Communications 52, no. 70 (2016): 10636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc05329g.

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A ruthenium-catalyzed annulative transfer hydrogenation strategy, enabling straightforward access to tetrahydro fused-pyrazine derivatives from N-heteroaryl diamines and vicinal diols, is demonstrated.

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35

Fang, Kang, Xiao-Hua Zhang, Yao-Tian Han, et al. "Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Analysis of Novel Hederagenin–Pyrazine Derivatives Based on Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102994.

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Hederagenin (He) is a novel triterpene template for the development of new antitumor compounds. In this study, 26 new He–pyrazine derivatives were synthetized in an attempt to develop potent antitumor agents; they were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor and non-tumor cell lines. The majority of these derivatives showed much stronger cytotoxic activity than He. Remarkably, the most potent was compound 9 (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 3.45 ± 0.59 μM), which exhibited similar antitumor activities against A549 (human non-small-cell lung cancer) as the positive drug

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36

Foks, Henryk, Danuta Pancechowska-Ksepko, Mieczyslaw Janowiec, Zofia Zwolska, and Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopec. "Studies on Pyrazine Derivatives, XLIV: Synthesis and Tuberculostatic Activity of 4-Substituted 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]-Bis-Pyrazine Derivatives." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 180, no. 11 (2005): 2543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/104265090930137.

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37

Wang, Fengqing, Mengsha Wei, Xueyan Duan, et al. "Identification, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazine ring compounds from Talaromyces minioluteus (Penicillium minioluteum)." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 22 (2020): 3616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo01030h.

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38

Fujimori, Kunihide, Nozomi Furuta, Takuo Mizutani, and Akira Ohta. "Preparation of Azulene Substituted Pyrazine and Quinoxaline Derivatives." HETEROCYCLES 77, no. 2 (2009): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-08-s(f)87.

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39

Nakagawa, Muneyuki, and Yuichi Yamaguchi. "The Physiological Activities and Safety of Pyrazine Derivatives." Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku (Tea Research Journal) 2012, no. 114 (2012): 114_1–114_12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5979/cha.2012.114_1.

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40

Ze-Min, Li, and Wu Shi-Kang. "Study on Photophysical Behaviors of Styryl Pyrazine Derivatives." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 12, no. 05 (1996): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19960507.

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41

Dolezal, Martin, and Jan Zitko. "Pyrazine derivatives: a patent review (June 2012 – present)." Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 25, no. 1 (2014): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.2014.982533.

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42

Mager, H. I. X., and W. Berends. "Investigations on pyrazine derivatives II. The preparation of pyrazine 2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and of pyrazine 2,5- and 2,6-dicarboxylic acids." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 77, no. 9 (2010): 827–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19580770907.

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Rok, M., G. Bator, W. Sawka-Dobrowolska, et al. "Crystal structural analysis of methyl-substituted pyrazines with anilic acids: a combined diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering,1H-NMR study and theoretical approach." CrystEngComm 20, no. 14 (2018): 2016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ce00040a.

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Nakagawa, Tatsuki, Minoru Yamaji, Shojiro Maki, Haruki Niwa, and Takashi Hirano. "Substituent effects on fluorescence properties of thiazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine derivatives." Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 13, no. 12 (2014): 1765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00298a.

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A study of fluorescence properties of thiazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine derivatives with the phenyl group at C2, prepared from amidopyrazines. The introduction of electron-donating groups onto the 2-phenyl moiety increases the fluorescence yield and appearance of solvatochromic character.

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Reinsch, Helge, Jannik Benecke, Martin Etter, Niclas Heidenreich, and Norbert Stock. "Combined in- and ex situ studies of pyrazine adsorption into the aliphatic MOF Al-CAU-13: structures, dynamics and correlations." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 5 (2017): 1397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03998g.

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Asgaonkar, Kalyani Dhirendra, Shital Manoj Patil, Trupti Sameer Chitre, et al. "Comparative Docking Studies: A Drug Design Tool for Some Pyrazine- Thiazolidinone Based Derivatives for Anti-HIV Activity." Current Computer-Aided Drug Design 15, no. 3 (2019): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573409915666181219125944.

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<P>Background: Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Pyrazine and Thiazolidinone pharmacophore has diverse biological activities including anti HIV activity. </P><P> Aims and Objectives: To study binding behavior of Pyrazine- thiazolidinone derivatives on four different crystal structures of HIV- 1RT.These molecules which were already reported as anti-TB were investigated for dual activity as Anti-HIV and Anti-TB. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In the present study we describe a comparative docking stud

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Karmakar, Ananta, Sridharan Ramalingam, Mushkin Basha та ін. "Facile Access to 1,4-Disubstituted Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines from α-Aminoacetonitriles". Synthesis 52, № 03 (2019): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690699.

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An efficient and practical synthetic protocol for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives is described that originates from α-substituted pyrroloacetonitriles which, in turn, are readily available from aryl and alkyl aldehydes. The α-pyrroloacetonitriles were subjected to a Friedel–Crafts acylation with methyl chlorooxoacetate followed by reduction of the nitrile group under Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions and finally aromatization with DDQ leading to the desired pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives. This method was generalized and successfully applied to vari

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Barlin, GB, DJ Brown, BJ Cronin, and M. Ngu. "Heterocyclic Amplifiers of Phleomycin .X. Derivatives of Diazine Mono-Thiol and Di-Thiol." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 1 (1986): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9860069.

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A series of pyrazinethiols and pyrimidinethiols with phenyl substituents have been prepared and converted into their carbamoylmethylthio, 2-dimethylaminoethylthio and 2-aminoethylthio derivatives. Similar derivatives of pyrazine-2,3- and -2,6-dithiol were also prepared together with N,N-dimethyl-2-(1′- and 2′- naphthyloxy)ethylamine. As amplifiers of phleomycin these compounds showed moderate two-to- three-star activity.

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Duan, Binghui, Ning Liu, Bozhou Wang, Xianming Lu, and Hongchang Mo. "Comparative Theoretical Studies on a Series of Novel Energetic Salts Composed of 4,8-Dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine-based Anions and Ammonium-based Cations." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183213.

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4,8-Dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine (DFP) is one kind of parent compound for the synthesis of various promising difurazanopyrazine derivatives. In this paper, eleven series of energetic salts composed of 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine-based anions and ammonium-based cations were designed. Their densities, heats of formation, energetic properties, impact sensitivity, and thermodynamics of formation were studied and compared based on density functional theory and volume-based thermodynamics method. Results show that ammonium and hydroxylammonium salts exhibit higher densities and more

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Mørkved, Eva H., Nils Kr Afseth, and Petr Zimcik. "Azaphthalocyanines with extended conjugation through heteroaryl and aryl substituents: Photochemical and photophysical properties." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 11, no. 02 (2007): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424607000175.

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Magnesium and zinc complexes of azaphthalocyanines (AzaPc) with eight peripheral aromatic (phenyl) or heteroaromatic (pyridyl, thienyl, furyl) substituents are studied from the point of view of their singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and fluorescence (Φ F ) quantum yields, and UV-vis absorption spectra. Zn complexes have higher ΦΔ than Mg complexes by a factor of two, whereas the Mg complexes have higher Φ F than Zn complexes, also by a factor of two. Thienyl AzaPc have the highest ΦΔ among all studied substances (0.635 for Zn complex) followed by phenyl and pyridyl derivatives. The order of Φ F values is t

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