Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pyrazine ring

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pyrazine ring'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Pyrazine ring"

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Jigajinni, V. B., P. N. Preston, V. K. Shah, S. W. Simpson, I. Soutar, and N. J. Stewart. "Structure-property relationships in PMR-15-type polyimide resins: IIH. New polyimides incorporating triazoles, quinoxalines, pyridopyrazines and pyrazinopyridazines." High Performance Polymers 5, no. 3 (1993): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/5/3/008.

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Polyimide oligomers (prepolymers) and resins of the PMR-15 type have been prepared from 5-norbomene-2,3-dicarboxylic half acid ester (NE), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic diester (BTDE) and a series of diamines incorporating 1,2,3-triazole, quinoxaline, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine, benzo[g]quinoxaline, pyrazino-[2,3]-d]pyridazine and bis(pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazino)benzene ring systems. Two tetraamines in the bis(pyrazino[2,3-d]pyridazino)benzene ring system were also employed. Selected diamine monomers from the above ring systems provde PMR-15-analogue resins of higher therm
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Ma, Yun-Jiao, Jian-Hai Wu, Xiang Li, et al. "Effect of alkyl distribution in pyrazine on pyrazine flavor release in bovine serum albumin solution." RSC Advances 9, no. 63 (2019): 36951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06720e.

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The methyl groups on the pyrazine ring affect the interaction of pyrazines with BSA. The non-covalent interaction between alkyl-pyrazines and BSA was confirmed. Alkyl-pyrazines could induce the polarity and conformation change of BSA.
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Tong, Wenhua, Shuqin Wang, Haoran Xu, Zongwei Qiao, Liming Zhao, and Ying Yang. "Interaction and Binding Kinetics of Different Substituted Pyrazines with HSA: Based on Multispectral, Physiological Activity, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Journal of Food Biochemistry 2024 (March 25, 2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4373558.

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Pyrazine is a kind of compound containing pyrazine ring structure, which has attracted the attention of researchers because of its special aroma and healthcare function. It is currently used in spices, pharmaceuticals, food additives, and other industries. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a transport and storage protein in the human circulatory system. Previous research reported that pyrazine can interact with albumin, but the interaction between pyrazine and HSA has not been reported. Consequently, this study is based on the multispectral method and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, exploring t
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Alfonso, Montserrat, and Helen Stoeckli-Evans. "Dimethyl and diethyl esters of 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid: a comparison." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 2 (2016): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016001080.

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In dimethyl 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate, C18H14N4O4, (I), and diethyl 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate, C20H18N4O4, (II), the dimethyl and diethyl esters of 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, the orientation of the two pyridine rings differ. In (I), pyridine ringBis inclined to pyrazine ringAby 44.8 (2)° and the pyridine and pyrazine N atoms aretransto one another, while pyridine ringCis inclined to the pyrazine ring by 50.3 (2)°, with the pyridine and pyrazine N atomscisto one another. In compound (II), the diethyl ester, which possesses tw
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Pacifico, Jessica, and Helen Stoeckli-Evans. "A new tetrakis-substituted pyrazine carboxylic acid, 3,3′,3′′,3′′′-{[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(sulfanediyl)}tetrapropionic acid: crystal structures of two triclinic polymorphs and of two potassium–organic frameworks." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, no. 5 (2021): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989021003479.

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Two polymorphs of the title tetrakis-substituted pyrazine carboxylic acid, 3,3′,3′′,3′′′-{[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(sulfanediyl]}tetrapropionic acid, C20H28N2O8S4, (H4L1), have been obtained, H4L1_A and H4L1_B. Each structure crystallized with half a molecule in the asymmetric unit of a triclinic P\overline{1} unit cell. The whole molecules are generated by inversion symmetry, with the pyrazine rings being located about inversion centers. The crystals of H4L1_B were of poor quality, but the X-ray diffraction analysis does show the change in conformation of the –CH2—
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Tesouro Vallina, Ana, and Helen Stoeckli-Evans. "Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of two new tetrakis-substituted pyrazines and a degredation product." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 76, no. 3 (2020): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989020002133.

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The two new tetrakis-substituted pyrazines, 1,1′,1′′,1′′′-(pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayl) tetrakis(N,N-dimethylmethanamine), C16H32N6, (I) and N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline), C36H40N6, (II), both crystallize with half a molecule in the asymmetric unit; the whole molecules are generated by inversion symmetry. There are weak intramolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds present in both molecules and in (II) the pendant N-methylaniline rings are linked by a C—H...π interaction. The degredation product, N,N′-[(6-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-
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ONG, KOK TONG, ZHI-QIANG LIU, and MENG GUAN TAY. "Review on the Synthesis of Pyrazine and Its Derivatives." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (2017): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.591.2017.

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Pyrazine is a kind of natural product which can be found in plants, animals, insects, marine organisms andmicroorganisms. The main function of pyrazine in living organisms is used as flavor of the raw foods. Pyrazine and its derivatives were also produced in industries mainly for fragrance, flavor and pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the historical development of pyrazine including the discovery and synthesis, to the recent synthetic approach of pyrazinium. In general, six synthetic approaches namely condensation reaction, ring closure, metal catalysis, green reaction, Mailla
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Ge, Guo-Ping, та Chun-Yan Li. "(Acetylacetonato-κ2O,O′)bis{5-fluoro-2-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]phenyl-κ2N1,C1}iridium(III)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, № 8 (2012): m1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812031546.

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In the title complex, [Ir(C16H9F2N2)2(C5H7O2)], the IrIIIatom, lying on a twofold rotation axis, is hexacoordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by twoC,N-bidentate 5-fluoro-2-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]phenyl ligands and oneO,O′-bidentate acetylacetonate ligand. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and the pyrazine ring are 14.66 (8) and 49.76 (12)°.
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Mague, Joel T., Shaaban K. Mohamed, Mehmet Akkurt, Talaat I. El-Emary, and Mustafa R. Albayati. "Crystal structure of 5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-amine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 11 (2014): o1212—o1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053681402354x.

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In the title compound, C15H15N7, the phenyl ring is inclined by 19.86 (5)° to the mean plane of the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine core. In the crystal, N—H...N and C—H...N hydrogen bonds form [010] chains, which stackviaπ–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance between the pyrazole rings = 3.4322 (7) Å].
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Garduño-Alva, Azucena, M. Carmen Ortega-Alfaro, José G. López-Cortés та ін. "Synthesis of new γ-lactones from preactivated monosubstituted pyrazines and TMS–ketene acetals". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, № 5 (2012): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-016.

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The double addition of bis(trimethylsilyl) ketene acetals (1a–1b, R1 = CH3, –(CH2)5–) to 2-substituted pyrazines promoted by triflic anhydride leads to γ-lactones in a single step. A systematic study involving electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups (R2 = CN, COOMe, PhCH=CH, Cl, Me, OMe) in the pyrazine ring reveals a strong dependence of electronic effects on the regiochemistry of nucleophilic addition.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyrazine ring"

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Ndzi, Bruno. "Métallation de pyrazines et de pyridazines : application à la synthèse de molécules actives. Nouvelle voie d'accès à des acides pyridinecarboxyliques." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES015.

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Ce travail consiste en l'étude de la métallation de nouveaux dérivés de la pyrazine et de la pyridazine. Comme application de la métallation, nous décrivons de nouvelles synthèses de molécules biologiquement actives: ptéridines, minaprine, acides pyridiniques ortho-halogénés. Et, par association des réactions de métallation et de couplage croisé, nous avons pu synthétiser un ligand des récepteurs muscariniques
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Martens, Thierry. "Comportement physico-chimique de dithiolel, 2 thiones-3 : relation structure- activite antibilharzienne." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066397.

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La reduction electrochimique de (pyradinyl-2)-5- ou (pyridyl-2)-5 methyl-4 dithiole-1,2 thiones-3 est etudiee; elle conduit a des pyrrolo (1,2-a) pyrazines, ou des indolizines respectivement. Des hypotheses sont proposees pour expliquer l'activite anthelminthique des composes du titre
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3

Ferreira, Vanessa Fernandes. "Tiossemicarbazonas e ditiocarbazatos contendo anel pirazolínico: obtenção, estudos de atividade tripanocida e de formação de complexos com gálio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-04122015-152422/.

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O presente trabalho consiste na síntese, caracterização e estudos de atividade tripanocida de doze compostos, sendo oito tiossemicarbazonas (TSCs) e quatro ditiocarbazatos (DTCs), contendo anel pirazolínico em suas estruturas, assim como no estudo da formação de complexos de um DTC com GaIII. As TSCs e os DTCs foram obtidos em reações de condensação envolvendo uma β-dicetona e uma tiossemicarbazida ou ditiocarbazato, respectivamente. A partir de 1-fenil-1,3-butanodiona (benzoilacetona) e 4-R-tiossemicarbazida, foram obtidas as TSCs de nome 5-hidroxi-3-metil-5-fenil-pirazolina-1-(4-R-tioss
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Zouikri, Mohamed. "Le résidu aza-prolyle, son introduction dans un peptide : modifications structurales dues à la substitution AzPRO/PRO." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL079N.

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Les azapeptides constituent une famille de pseudopeptides dans laquelle le groupe CHalpha d'un ou plusieurs résidus a été substitué par un atome d'azote isoélectronique. Bien que de nombreux analogues de peptides bioactifs aient été synthétisés et biologiquement testés, peu de travaux concernant leur structure spatiale ont été rapportés jusqu'a ce jour. Un des avantages de cette substitution est de garder intacte la nature chimique de la chaine latérale dont le rôle est si important, comme par exemple, dans les processus de reconnaissance moléculaire. De plus, nous avons choisi d'étudier l'ana
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LAKKIS, ZAHREDDINE ZEINAB. "Aspects thermodynamiques et cinetiques de l'extraction de metaux divalents par des acyl-4-pyrazolones-5." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13001.

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Extraction de cd et zn a partir des milieux aqueux, perchlorate, nitrate et sulfate par des melanges de phenyl-1 methyl-3 benzoyl-4 pyrazolone-5 et de sels d'ammonium lipophiles. Le pyrazolonate de nh::(4) est l'agent reel de synergie. Mecanisme de transport de cuivre par des acyl-4 pyrazolones-5 a travers une membrane liquide epaisse
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Hlimi, Fouzia. "Cycloaddition de diarylnitrilimines sur des dérivés de la benzodioxine 1,4 et de la benzoxazine-1,4 : regiochimie de la réaction sur un alcene portant un groupe donneur et un groupe accepteur sur la même extrêmité." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2018.

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La cycloaddition dipolaire 1,3 des diarylnitrilimines sur le benzodioxinne-1,4 carboxylate-2 d'ethyle conduit a des cycloadduits qui apres ouverture donnent des derives de l'aryloxy-4 diphenyl-1,3 pyrazole qui ne sont pas accessibles par une methode classique de synthese de pyrazoles
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Yu, Yung-Hsiung, та 余永雄. "Substituent Effect of Pyrazine Ring on Chemo- and Regio-Selectivity of Benzopyrazinobarrelenes in Di-π-Methane Photorearrangement". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13645864388458351348.

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Ray, Bidisha. "Catalytic Asymmetric Direct and Vinylogous Aldol, Michael and Alkylation Reactions." Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4866.

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Pyrazoles and pyrazolones are a highly explored and privileged class of aza-heterocycles with a wide range of applications, thereby rendering a recurring interest in their synthesis and functionalization. Majority of the reactions, developed till date involve pyrazoline-5-ones as nucleophiles. With the application of pyrazole-4,5-diones, another mode of reactivity has emerged, wherein pyrazolones act as electrophiles. In this chapter, enantioselective aldol reaction of 3-acetyl- 2H-chromen-2-ones to pyrazole-4,5-diones has been demonstrated. Using bifunctional tertiary amino-amide as cat
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Appavoo, Divambal. "Pyrazole and pyrazolyl copper and zinc complexes in ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and D,L-lactide". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5023.

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M.Sc.<br>Six pyrazole and pyrazolyl compounds, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (L1), 3,5-diphenylpyrazole (L2), 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazole (L3), bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane (L4), bis(3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl)methane (L5) and bis(1,2-bis{(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl}benzene (L6), were reacted with Zn(II) and Cu(II) benzoates to form pyrazole and pyrazolyl metal benzoates. The complexes are [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L1)2] (1), [Zn(3,5-NO2-C6H3COO)2(L1)2] (2), [Zn(4-OH-C6H4COO)2(L1)2] (3), [Zn(2-Cl-C6H4COO)2(L1)2] (4), [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L2)2] (5), [Zn(3,5-NO2-C6H3COO)2(L2)2] (6), [Zn(4-OH-C6H4COO)2(L2)2] (7), [
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Sun, Ting-Han, та 孫庭翰. "I. Synthesis of Aluminum Complexes bearing pyrazole ligand and Their Application in Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-caprolactone and L-lactideII. Use Pyrazole as a Ligand Application in Amination and Thiolation". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xsfkay.

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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫藥暨應用化學系碩士班<br>104<br>I. A series of aluminum catalysts supported by various pyrazole ligands was synthesized and their application in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) and lactide (LA) was studied. The polymerization results revealed that electron withdrawing substituent of ligands could increased the catalytic activity while streic bulky substituent decreased the catalytic activity. In addition, Al complexes bearing ß-diketimine ligands with similar structures was compand. The conversion was up to 99% at 80oC in 30 min by using Al complex bearing a ß-dik
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Books on the topic "Pyrazine ring"

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Simpson, J. C. Pyridazine and Pyrazine Rings : (Cinnolines, Phthalazines, and Quinoxalines). Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Simpson, J. C. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Pyridazine and Pyrazine Rings. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Heterocyclic Compounds with Nitrogen Hetero-Atom(s) Only, Containing an Unfused Pyrazole Ring in China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The World Market for Heterocyclic Compounds with Nitrogen Hetero-Atom(s) Only, Containing an Unfused Pyrazole Ring: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Heterocyclic Compounds with Nitrogen Hetero-Atom(s) Only, Containing an Unfused Pyrazole Ring in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Heterocyclic Compounds with Nitrogen Hetero-Atom(s) Only, Containing an Unfused Pyrazole Ring: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Heterocyclic Compounds with Nitrogen Hetero-Atom(s) Only, Containing an Unfused Pyrazole Ring in United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pyrazine ring"

1

Ishikawa, T. "By Annulation to the Pyrazine Ring." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-116-00628.

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Ishikawa, T. "By Annulation to the Pyrazine Ring." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-01648.

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Roy, Priyabrata. "TANDEM GENERATION OF FURO [3, 4-b] PYRAZINE AND FURO [3, 4-b] QUINOXALINE INTERMEDIATES USING FISCHER CARBENE COMPLEXES AND TRAPPING FOR SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 25. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs25p2ch8.

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An unique method for tandem generation of furo[3,4-b]pyrazine and furo[3,4-b]quinoxaline intermediates using Fischer carbene complexes and then trapping with suitable dienophiles to generate nitrogen heterocycles has been described. The intermediate is trapped with a dienophile to generate quinoxaline or phenazine ring system respectively.
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"Pyrazine-Ring Conformations of Tetrahydropterins and Quinonoid-Dihydropterins." In Montreal, Canada, June 15–20, 1986. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110856262-016.

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Davies, David T. "Pyrimidines." In Aromatic Heterocyclic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198556602.003.0010.

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This chapter explores pyrimidines. Formal replacement of a CH unit in pyridine by a nitrogen atom leads to the series of three possible diazines: pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine. Like pyridine, they are fully aromatic heterocycles. The effect of an additional nitrogen atom as compared to pyridine accentuates the essential features of pyridine chemistry. Electrophilic substitution is difficult in simple unactivated diazines because of both extensive protonation under strongly acidic conditions and the inherent lack of reactivity of the free base. Nucleophilic displacements are comparativel
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Rasmussen, Seth C. "Polyisothianaphthene and the Birth of Low-Bandgap Polymers." In The Origins and Early History of Conjugated Organic Polymers. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197638194.003.0007.

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Abstract This chapter introduces the concept of low-bandgap polymers, formally defined as those conjugated polymers with bandgaps below 1.5 eV. Unlike the more conventional conjugated polymers presented in earlier chapters, the earliest low-bandgap polymers utilized fused-ring monomers, with the introduction of polyisothianaphthene (PITN) by Wudl and Heeger in 1984. Such fused-ring monomers provide a method for enhancing the quinoid nature of the polymer in the ground state, thus resulting in diminished bandgaps. The history of PITN is covered over the period of 1984 to 1993. Next, the develop
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Harris, P. A. "10.24.4 Product Subclass 4: Pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and Related Benzo-Fused Ring Systems." In Science of Synthesis: Knowledge Updates 2021/3. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-110-02056.

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AbstractThe synthesis of pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and related indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines and pyrido[2′,1′:3,4]pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-5-ium salts are reviewed in this chapter. The most common routes to pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles involve cyclization of indole derivatives containing a formyl, keto, ester, or nitrile function at the 2-position. Indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines are most readily accessed via cyclization of 1-(aryl)-1H-indoles, where the aryl group is substituted at the 2-position by either amino, iodo, or nitro functionality.
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McCullough, Kevin J. "Pyrazines and related ring structures." In Second Supplements to the 2nd Edition of Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044453347-0.50380-3.

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"Product Class 14: Pyrazines." In Category 2, Hetarenes and Related Ring Systems, edited by Yamamoto and Shinkai. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-00919.

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"Syntheses of the Pyrazole Ring." In Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds: A Series Of Monographs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470186848.ch3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pyrazine ring"

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Kostić, Marijana S., Nikola D. Radnović, Ana Radović, et al. "Synthesis and physicochemical characterisation of the Ni(II) complex with 3- (4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole ligand." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.527k.

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The coordination properties of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole (HL) was investigated and its complex with Ni(II) ion was synthesized. The structure of the ligand was proven using SC-XRD, while both the ligand and the complex were characterized by spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric measurements. The purity and composition of the complex were confirmed by PXRD, elemental analysis, and conductometric measurements. Besides, the search for CSD was made to establish the frequency of different coordination modes of similar compounds. It was found that monodentate coordination of the neutral ligand m
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