Journal articles: 'Pyrethrum oil'

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Moslemi, Azin, Peter K. Ades, Tim Groom, Pedro W. Crous, Marc E. Nicolas, and Paul W. J. Taylor. "Paraphoma Crown Rot of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)." Plant Disease 100, no. 12 (December 2016): 2363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0628-re.

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Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is commercially cultivated for the extraction of natural pyrethrin insecticides from the oil glands inside seed. Yield decline has caused significant yield losses in Tasmania during the last decade. A new pathogen of pyrethrum causing crown rot and reduced growth of the plants in yield decline affected fields of northern Tasmania was isolated from necrotic crown tissue and described as Paraphoma vinacea. Multigene phylogenetic identification of the pathogen also revealed that P. vinacea was a new species different from other Paraphoma type strains. Glasshouse pathogenicity experiments showed that P. vinacea significantly reduced belowground and total biomass of pyrethrum plants 2 months after inoculation. Dull-tan to reddish-brown discoloration of the cortical and subcortical crown tissue was observed in 100% of the infected plants. P. vinacea infected 75% of the plants inoculated with root dip and soil drench inoculation techniques in an inoculation optimization experiment. P. vinacea, the causal agent of Paraphoma crown rot disease, represents an important pathogen that will negatively impact the commercial cultivation of pyrethrum in Tasmania.

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E, Uugangerel, Choijamts G, and Enkhmaa D. "Study of essential oil composition of Pyrethrum pulchrum Ledeb." Bulletin of Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/bicct.v0i6.1102.

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Pyrethrum pulchrum an impressive flower growing on large-stoned screes at the snow line, usually on glacier moraines in the mountains of Central Asia and South Siberia. The purpose of this study was to determine the essential oil composition from the aerial part of Pyrethrum pulchrum growing in Mongolia. The essential oil was obtained by hydro distillation and it had yield determined 0.1%. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS techniques. Fifty-seven components were identified representing 99.98% of the total oil composition. The main compounds of essential oil were camphor (33.9%), linalool (21.1%), α-pinene (9.0%), (Z)-γ-Curcumyl 2-methylbutyrate (4.82%), pentylcurcumene (3.21%), camphene (2.85%), tricosane (2.78%), nerolidol (2.63%), α-selinene (1.8%) and β-penine (1.4%). To our best knowledge, no previous studies have been reported on the chemical composition of the essential oil of Pyrethrum pulchrum. Дэгжин шиваантиг (Pyrethrum pulchrum Ledeb.) ургамлын эфирийн тосны химийн найрлагын судалгаа Хураангуй: Дэгжин шиваантиг (Pyrethrum pulchrum Ledeb.) нь Төв Ази болон Өмнөд Сибирийн уулархаг бүс нутгийн хад асгатай өндөр уулын бүслүүрт тархан ургадаг цэцэгт ургамал юм. Бид Монгол оронд ургадаг Дэгжин шиваантиг ургамлын газрын дээд хэсгийн эфирийн тосны химийн найрлагыг тодорхойллоо. Эфирийн тосыг усны уураар нэрж гарган авахад гарц 0.1% байв. Хийн хроматограф-масс спектрометрийн аргаар эфирийн тосны найрлаганд нийт 57 нэгдэл тодорхойлогдсон ба камфор (33.9%), линалоол (21.1%), α-пенин (9.0%), (Z)-γ-куркумил-2-метилбутират (4.82%), пентилкуркумен (3.21%), камфен (2.85%), трикосан (2.78%), неролидол (2.63%), α-селин (1.8%) ба β-пенин (1.4%) зэрэг нэгдлүүд зонхилон агуулагдаж байв. Энэхүү судалгааны ажил нь Дэгжин шиваантиг ургамлын эфирийн тосны судалгааг анх удаа хийж, танилцуулж буйгаар онцлог юм. Түлхүүр үгс: Нийлмэл цэцэгтэн , Дэгжин шиваантиг, Марал цэцэг, эфирийн тос

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El Mokhtari, Kawtar, M'hammed EL Kouali, Mohammed Talbi, Latifa Hajji, and Abdelhak El Brouzi. "Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum essential oil from the Bensliman area against Culex pipiens." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc101020211198kem.

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Anacyclus pyrethrum is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The focus of the present study is to extract the essential oil from this plant, to determine its chemical composition and to evaluate its insecticidal activity against the larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens. The essential oil from A. pyrethrum collected from the region of Bensliman in Morocco was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were studied. Essential oil yield obtained by hydrodistillation was 0.09%. The major aroma constituents were Spathulenol (20.47%), Germacrene D (16.48%), Caryophyllene oxide (13.20%), 4(14)-Salviale-1-one (8.27%) and Caryophyllene 4(14),8(15)-dien-5α-ol (7.30%). The larvicidal test carried out according to a methodology based on the standard protocol of the World Health Organization was studied on 4th instar larvae of C. pipiens and showed that A. pyrethrum essential oil possesses remarkable insecticidal properties. After 24 hours of exposition, larvicidal assays revealed a 100% mortality of C. pipiens larvae. The dose of 40 μL/mL was toxic enough to cause 100% larval mortality of C. pipiens. The lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 calculated for the essential oil studied were of the order of 14.79 μL/mL and 19.95 μL/mL, respectively. To control mosquitoes, this essential oil extracted from A. pyrethrum might be used as a natural insecticide and therefore could be an alternative to synthetic insecticides already present on the market.

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Andreev, Radoslav, Hristina Kutinkova, and Konstantinos Baltas. "Non-Chemical Control of Some Important Pests of Sweet Cherry." Journal of Plant Protection Research 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-008-0059-9.

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Non-Chemical Control of Some Important Pests of Sweet CherrySome non-chemical insecticides were tested for efficacy of control of fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea(Drury), and of cherry weevil,Rhynchites auratus(Scop.) in the laboratory and black cherry aphid,Myzus cerasi(Fabr.) under field conditions. Hendreson & Tilton formula was applied for evaluation of efficacy. NeemAzal T/S (azadirahtin) at the concentration 0.5% and Naturalis (Beauveria bassiana) used at 0.2% or 0.3% have shown the best results against black cherry aphid. Good results were also obtained with Pyrethrum FS (pyrethrin + sesame oil + soft potassium soap) used at 0.05% or 0.1%, with NeemAzal T/S at 0.3%, PreFeRal WG (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) at 0.2% and with Naturalis at 0.1%. The effect of PreFeRal WG, applied at 0.1% was unsatisfactory. Against the fourth instar larvae of fall webworm, excellent results were noted for Pyrethrum (0.05% and 0.1%) and Naturalis (0.1% and 0.2%). Very good effects were also obtained with the BMP 123WP (Bacillus thuringiensis), used in concentration of 0.1%. NeemAzal T/S - 0.5% had still good, albeit lower, efficacy. Against the cherry weevil only Pyrethrum FS was tested. This insecticide resulted in a very good efficacy, when used at the concentration 0.1% and still satisfactory - at 0.05%.

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YULIANI, SRI, TRITIANINGSIH, and SOFYAN RUSLI. "FORMULASI FLY SPRAY DARI EKSTRAK PIRETRUM DAN EFFEKTIVITASNYA TERHADAP SERANGGA RUMAH TANGGA." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 9, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v9n3.2003.116-120.

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Telah dilakukan pembuatan formula fly spray dengan bahan aktif utama ekstrak piretrum dan uji efTektivitasnya dilakukan terhadap serangga rumah tangga. Penelitian dimulai dari April sampai Oktober 2001 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hasil dan Keteknikan, Balinro dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, IPB Komponen formula terdiri dari ekstrak piretrum, minyak serai wangi, minyak wijen, naftalen, pine oil, pclarut pertasol CB dan LAWS. Perlakuan formulasi yaitu dibual variasi konsentrasi ekstrak piretrum ( 0.041% dan 0.052% ), penambahan/tanpa pine oil (0%, 0.1%) dan natalen (0%, 1.0%) serta jenis pclarut (LAWS dan pertasol CB). Uji effektivitas dilakukan terhadap serangga rumah tangga yaitu lalat, nyamuk, semut dan kecoa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dua formula yaitu Fi dan F, adalah formula paling effektif terhadap lalat Musca domeslica dan sebagai formula terpilih adalah Fj. Formula ini effektif terhadap nyamuk Culex qumquefasciatus dengan mematikan 92% pada menit ke dua sangat efektif terhadap semut t'onera sp. dengan angka kematian 100% pada menit ke dua, dan kurang effektif terhadap kecoa Blatella germanica menyebabkan kematian 90% pada menil ke 30. Komposisi formula F> terdii dari ekstrak piretrum dengan kadar piretrin 0.041%, minyak serai wangi 0.1%, minyak wijen 3%, natalen 1% dan pelarut LAWS. Pelarut terbaik untuk formula ini adalah LAWS.Kata kunci: Fly spray, Piretrum, formulasi, uji effektivitas, serangga rumah tangga ABSTRACT Fly spray formulation of pyrethrum extract and its effectiveness on housefliesThe production of ly spray formula with active ingredient pyrethrum extract and its efficacy on houselics were conducted from Apil to October 2001 at (he Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor and at Entomology laboratory of FKH - IPB. The formula was made from pyrethrum extract, citronella oil, sesame oil, natalein, pine oil and solvent, i.e pertasol CB and LAWS. The parameters observed were the variation concentration of pyrethrum extract (0.041% and 0.051%), added with pine oil (0%, 0.1%), natalein (0%, 1.0%) and solvents (LAWS and pertasol CB). The eficacy lest was conducted on houselies which included housely, mosquito, ant and cockroach. The result showed that F> and Fi were ihe most effective to M. domeslica and Fi is the selected formula. Fi was effective to Cx. qumquefasciatus mosquito which killed 92% of the mosquito in two minutes, and very effective to Ponera sp ants which killed 100% in iwo minutes, and less effective to B. germanica cockroach which killed 90% in half hour. The Fj formula was made from pyrethrum extract with 0.041% piretrin, 0.1% citronella oil, 3% sesame oil, 1% natalein and LAWS solvent LAWS was the best solvent for the formula.Key words : Fly spray, pyrethrum, formulation, efficacy test, houselies

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SHAHRAJABIAN, Mohamad H., Wenli SUN, and Qi CHENG. "Spanish chamomile (Anacyclus pyrethrum) and pyrethrum (Tanacetum cineraiifolium): organic and natural pesticides and treasure of medicinal herbs." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 10816. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13110816.

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Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cineraiifolium) which is a natural insecticide has many properties, but the most important are raid action, very low toxicity for mammalian, lack of insect immunity, broad of activity, lack of persistence and degraded quickly by UV in sunlight and very effective insect repellent. Organic farmers can use pyrethrins as an insecticide for fruit and vegetable crops. Easily degraded by oxygen, light and temperature, pyrethrum compounds are environmentally friendly and compatible with organic farming. A. pyrethrum roots contain anacyclin, pellitorine, hydrocarolin, inulin, traces of volatile oil and seasamin. The roots of A. pyrethrum are used in traditional medicine of different countries to treat epilepsy, rheumatism, cephalalgia, paralysis and hemiplegia. N-alkylamids and ester pyrethrine are the main constituents of roots which have tremendous medicinal values. The plant is also a natural pesticide with considerable antimicrobial properties. It has also possessed antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsive, antimicrobial, local anaesthetic, oxidative DNA damage preventive, immunostimulatory, saliva-stimulating, male libido enhancing, anti-mutagenesis and insecticidal activities.

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HARADA, Ana Yoshi, and Joachim ADIS. "Ants obtained from trees of a "Jacareuba" (Calophyllum brasiliense) forest plantation in Central Amazonia by canopy fogging: first results." Acta Amazonica 28, no. 3 (September 1998): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921998283318.

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Canopies of the locally occurring Amazonian tree species Calophyllum brasiliense. Camb. (Guttiferae, height 10 m) were fogged after dawn on the same day at five adjacent localities in a 20-year-old plantation at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve near Manaus/Brazil, using natural pyrethrum (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%), Baythroid (0.3%) and diesel oil, respectively. The 1152 ants collected represented 52 species, 17 genera and five subfamilies. The highest number of ant species was obtained with the synthetic pyrethrum Baythroid 0.3% and with natural pyrethrum 1.5%. About 46% of the total ant species were only collected in the first hour after fogging, and 17% only during the second hour, after trees had been heavily shaken. About 73% of the total ant specimens dropped in the first hour. Data on alpha-diversity, eveness and frequency of ants indicated a rapidly decreasing knock-down effect of both the synthetic and natural pyrethrum after application. The ant fauna in the canopy of C. brasiliense is somewhat distinct compared with that of Goupia glabra Aubl. (Celastraceae, height 45 m) from the primary forest of the reserve.

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Bhakuni, R. S., A. P. Kahol, S. P. Singh, and Ajai Kumar. "Composition of North Indian Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) Flower Oil." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 10, no. 1 (January 2007): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2007.10643515.

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Erdenetsogt, Uugangerel, Choijamts Gotov, Kerstin Voigt, Stefan Bartram, Wilhelm Boland, and Enkhmaa Dagvadorj. "Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Pyrethrum pulchrum Ledeb." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 45 (December 28, 2018): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v19i45.1088.

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The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Pyrethrum pulchrum Ledeb. were investigated. Dried plant material was hydro-distillated yielding 0.1% of essential oil. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS techniques. Fifty-five compounds were identified representing 99.7% of the total oil composition. Camphor was the predominant compound (33.9%) followed by linalool (21.1%) and α-pinene (9.0%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was determined using the disk diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), Mycobacterium vaccae and fungi (Candida albicans, Sporidiobolus salmonicolor and Penicillum notatum). The essential oil of P. pulchrum displays an intermediate activity against selected bacteria.

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Shahrajabian, Mohamad Hesam, Wenli Sun, and Qi Cheng. "Chinese star anise (Illicium verum) and pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) as natural alternatives for organic farming and health care- A review." March 2020, no. 14(03):2020 (March 20, 2020): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2209.

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Botanical insecticides keep attracting more attention from environmental and small farmers worldwide as they are considered as a suitable alternative to synthetic insecticides. The outstanding properties of pyrethrum include rapid action, low mammalian toxicity, broad spectrum of activity, lack of insect immunity, lack of persistence and of course effective insect repellent. Pyrethrum is a natural insecticide which has many properties, but the most important are rapid action, very low toxicity for mammalian, lack of insect immunity, broad of activity, lack of persistence and quick degradation by UV-sunlight and very effective insect repellent. Using natural pesticide may lead to organic farming, and advantage of organic farming is more beneficial to biodiversity and the environment, which reduces dietary exposure to pesticides. Chinese star anise has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal characters. It is useful in treatment of diseases like asthma, bronchitis and dry cough. One of its most compounds is Shikimic acid which is used as a drug in curing influenza and flu virus. It also consists of Linalool which is good for overall health because of its anti-oxidants characters. Its seeds are good source of minerals like calcium, iron, copper, potassium, manganese, zinc, and magnesium. The seeds are a great source of essential B-complex vitamins such as pyridoxine, niacin, riboflavin and thiamin. Chinese star anise is also a good source of anti-oxidant vitamins such as vitamin-C and vitamin-A. The essential oil of Star anise contains anethole which has shown several functional properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and oestrogenic properties. Star anise primarily contains anethole and fatty oil. Its essential oil has a sweetish, burning flavor and a highly aromatic odor. Organic farmers may use these two ancient Chinese herbs which can lead to industrial sustainability.

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McLaren, G. F., and J. A. Fraser. "Autumn and spring control of black cherry aphid on sweet cherry in Central Otago." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3931.

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Black cherry aphid Myzus cerasi has the potential to cause major damage to both the shoots and fruit of sweet cherries It has traditionally been treated with insecticides during the growing season from early spring until close to harvest An investigation into the time of arrival of females followed by males in autumn and egg hatch in spring in Central Otago showed that there was potential to achieve some control before flowering by treating either in autumn or spring The trials identified options for use under organic (mineral oil canola oil or pyrethrum) or integrated fruit production systems (mineral oil or pirimicarb) with carefully timed treatments Aphid numbers in spring (assessed in late October) were significantly reduced by treating in either late April of the previous autumn or in late August at the end of egg hatch Further work is needed to develop fully effective control programmes using combinations of autumn and spring treatments

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Portnyagina, Nadezhda Vasilyevna, Vasiliy Vitalyevich Punegov, Elmira Elizbarovna Echishvili, Marina Gennadyevna Fomina, and Ivan Vladimirovich Gruzdev. "Morphological features of the plant Pyrethrum majus (Desf.) Tzvel. and variability of the component composition of essential oil during introduction in the North-East of the European part of Russia." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202094121.

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The paper presents the results of the research on the growth, development, and biochemical evaluation of introduced Pyrethrum majus plants in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. It is established that in the conditions of culture the species is characterized by a high stability and winter hardiness. The phenology and dynamics of plant growth were studied. Morphological parameters of vegetative and generative shoots were determined. The yield of essential oil from the aboveground phytomass of P. majus and its component composition were studied. It was found that the content of essential oil of flowering plants varied over the years of research from 0,25 to 1,41% and depended on the weather conditions of the growing season. More than 190 components were found in the essential oil of P. majus plants using the method of GLC analysis, 48 of them were identified. The main terpenoids in the essential oil were S-(+) carvone (5465%), -tuyon (610%), TRANS-and CIS-p-Menta-2,8-dienols (2,32,8%), 1,8-Cineol (1,42,9%), CIS Menta-1(7)8-Dien-2ol (1,52,1%), germacrene d (1,21,8%) -cadinol (0,51,5%), -muurolol (0,22,6%). It was found that the component composition of the essential oil from perennial plants P. majus corresponds to the carvone-Tuyon chemotype and did not change significantly due to the meteorological conditions of the environment. Taking into account a high adaptation of plants of this species to the conditions of the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic, high indicators of aboveground phytomass with a sufficient content of essential oil, P. majus can be successfully cultivated in the North as a promising spicy-aromatic medicinal and ornamental plant.

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Park, Seunghye, Se-hwan Joo, A.-Leum Kim, and Ji-Hwan Shin. "A Fast and Reliable Screening Method of Organic Materials for Crop Cultivation." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i4.31258.

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Strategic utilization of organic material for agriculture is important for improve efficiency in organic agriculture. Waste from food processing is a good candidate for compost material, and the first critical step is to choose proper raw material. In this study, we tried to establish a reliable screening method by comparing growth of different plant parts in different crops in combination with serial dilution of raw material extracts. The raw materials compared here are tangerine pomace, herbal medicinal plant waste, bread, spent coffee ground (SCG). We also compared effect of organic fertilizer made of SCG, natural pesticides made of pyrethrum extract and neem oil. The results obtained from different kind of crops and plant parts give insight into growth enhancing or inhibitory effect of tested material which will be useful screening raw material to make organic fertilizer and crop protective materials. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(4): 417-421

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Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H., Samia M. M. Mohafrash, and Natarajan Chandrasekaran. "Safety of Natural Insecticides: Toxic Effects on Experimental Animals." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 16, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4308054.

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Long-term application and extensive use of synthetic insecticides have resulted in accumulating their residues in food, milk, water, and soil and cause adverse health effects to human and ecosystems. Therefore, application of natural insecticides in agriculture and public health sectors has been increased as alternative to synthetic insecticides. The question here is, are all natural insecticides safe. Therefore, the review presented here focuses on the safety of natural insecticides. Natural insecticides contain chemical, mineral, and biological materials and some products are available commercially, e.g., pyrethrum, neem, spinosad, rotenone, abamectin,Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt), garlic, cinnamon, pepper, and essential oil products. It can induce hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, hematotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and oxidative stress. It can induce mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in mammals. Some natural insecticides and active compounds from essential oils are classified in categories Ib (Highly hazardous) to U (unlikely toxic). Therefore, the selectivity and safety of natural insecticides not absolute and some natural compounds are toxic and induce adverse effects to experimental animals. In concussion, all natural insecticides are not safe and the term “natural” does not mean that compounds are safe. In this respect, the term “natural” is not synonymous with “organic” and not all-natural insecticide products are acceptable in organic farmers.

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Gupta, Nidhi, Nitin Sharma, and Seema Ramniwas. "Botanical Pesticides: Use of Plants in pest management." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2021.12.31.271.

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Plants play a vital role in human life since the beginning of life on earth. Plants are not only directly used as a feed and fodder for humans and animals but are also used as drugs, food additives, pesticides, in flavor and fragrances and dye and pigments. The plants produce compounds for their growth and development and also produce secondary metabolites which provide additional properties to plants. These secondary metabolites produced by plant are responsible for these activities. Plants as a whole or in extracts/fractions form have been used as pesticides for protection of plants since thousands of years. Pyrethrum, neem, rotenone are such plants which has been used in many cultures and traditions for crop protection since ages and hold relevance in today’s world as well. The plant extracts contain secondary metabolites which provide protection to plants against pests by either causing mortality of pests or act as repellent to them. They can also impact pests by causing anti-feedancy, toxicity, alters insects behavior during oviposition and mating and inhibition of progeny emergence in pests. Essential oils isolated from the plants have also pesticidal properties. Lemongrass essential oil, Citronella essential oils, Tea tree essential oils and Oregano essential oils are the commonly used essential oils against the pests. In this review, botanical pesticides are discussed and their role in pest management and their advantageous over synthetic pesticides in terms of biodegradability, posing no or low risk to humans, environment and non-target organisms. Also, the future of botanical pesticides is discussed where they can be an alternative to synthetic pesticides if more research is done on their stability, efficacy, safety, modes of action, cost reduction is done.

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Isman, M. B., O. Koul, J. T. Arnason, J. Stewart, and G. S. Salloum. "DEVELOPING A NEEM-BASED INSECTICIDE FOR CANADA." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S159 (1991): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123159039-1.

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AbstractLeaves of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), have been used for centuries in India to protect stored grain from insect attack. Recent concern for the effects of synthetic insecticides on the environment and human health has provided the impetus for a reappraisal of the utility of neem derivatives as botanical crop protectants. Neem and its active principle, the limonoid azadirachtin, have several properties that are highly desirable for a natural insecticide. Azadirachtin is the most potent natural insect antifeedant discovered to date, suppressing insect feeding at concentrations of less than 1 part per million. Azadirachtin is also a potent insect growth regulator, which acts by disrupting molting and development, and interfering with reproduction in adult insects. These actions have been observed in over 90% of the more than 200 species of pest insects tested to date. Neem also has systemic action in some plants which could prove extremely valuable against stem- and root-feeding pests that are difficult to control. Finally, neem is essentially non-toxic to vertebrates, and in fact has a long history of medicinal use in southeast Asia.In the present paper we review our research aimed at developing a neem-based insecticide for use against pests of Canadian agriculture. We document the potent antifeedant action of azadirachtin in laboratory bioassays against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, and the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hübner, and the molt-disrupting action of the compound in the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes Fab., and the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas. Both antifeedant and insect growth regulatory activities of various samples of neem seed oil are shown to be correlated to azadirachtin concentrations in the oils. Field trials of an experimental neem insecticide conducted against pests of crucifers, corn, and potato in British Columbia, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island, respectively, indicate that the neem insecticide provides pest control as effective as or better than pyrethrum, the current botanical insecticide of choice for organic growers. The commercial prospectus for neem insecticides in Canada is discussed in light of our results.

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Boota, Muhammad, Syed Muhammad Ali Shah, Abid Rashid, Muhammad Akram, Sultan Ayaz, Imtiaz Mustafa, Jaweria Nisar, and Zonaira Nisar. "The Hepatoprotective and Anti-Nephrotoxic Potential of Methanolic Extract of a Polyherbal Preparation in CCl₄-Induced Liver Injury Model of Wistar Rats." Dose-Response 20, no. 3 (July 2022): 155932582211247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15593258221124728.

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The liver and kidneys are the vital organs of the body and perform important life-sustaining functions in the body. Synthetic drugs used in the treatment of liver and kidney diseases are sometimes inadequate and can lead to serious side effects. Medicinal herbs and plants were used to combat diseases for a long time and combination therapy is preferred over single plant therapy. In the current study, the Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum, and Tribulus terrestris polyherbal preparation (PHP) was selected to evaluate its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-nephrotoxic potential. The methanolic extract of PHP was prepared following standard protocols. Fifty-six albino rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 8). The negative control (NC) having the healthy rats and the remaining 6 groups were induced liver toxicity by intraperitoneally injecting 0.5 mL/kg of 50% CCl4 in olive oil. Group 2 was positive control and group 3 and 4 received silymarin standard drug at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Groups 5, 6, and 7 (PHP-1, PHP-2, PHP-3) were the liver-damaged rats receiving the PHP at a dose of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected at 21 of the trial, to evaluate oxidative stress, hepatoprotective and anti-nephrotoxic potential. Results of liver function tests revealed significant ( P < .05) hepatoprotective activities of PHP after intoxication with CCl4 of albino rats as compared to standard groups. Moreover, results of renal functions also showed that PHP has a significant ( P < .05) restoring the capacity of blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid in intoxicated rats as compared with the control group. The PHP also reduced the oxidative stress in the treatment groups by increasing the total antioxidant capacity and reducing the total oxidative status. It can be concluded that selected medicinal plants have a potential role in the management of liver and kidney disorders. So, by running the clinical trial on a large scale and by isolating the phytochemical constituents responsible for hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities, locally prepared drugs could be developed to manage liver and renal disorders.

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Gurs'ka O.V., O. V., and S. V. Pyda. "THE INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS COMPOSITION OF PYRETHRUM PARTHENIUM (L.) SMITH. INFLORESCENCES." Fiziologia rastenij i genetika 49, no. 6 (December 2017): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/frg2017.06.533.

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Knapp, Fred W. "Comparison of Flysect Concentrate, Farnum’s Repel × and Repel × Original Formula Against Flies on Horses, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.469a.

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Abstract Flysect concentrate containing 0.5% pyrethrin, 1% permethrin, 1.85% PBO and 5.6% of MGK, 11, 264, and 326 was compared to Repel × containing 0.4% pyrethrin, 1% PB, 40% pine oil and 30% kerosene and Repel × original containing 0.4% pyrethrin, 1% PB, 40% pine oil, 50% butoxypoly propylene glycol and 3.6% petroleum hydrocarbon for efficacy against the face fly, stable fly and horn fly on horses. Wipes were diluted 4:1 with water and applied at 4 oz per horse. Untreated horses in the same vicinity were used as controls. Face flies were counted on the faces of each horse, whereas stable flies were counted on the legs of each horse in the treatment. All fly counts were done at —1 day, day of application and at 1, 3, 6, 9 h and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days postapplication. The first 2 preapplication counts were averaged and reported as 0 h count. Each face fly and stable fly treatment was replicated 4 times and the data averaged. One horn fly control test on 3 treated horses and 2 control horses was conducted.

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Jamieson, L. E., N. E. M. Page-Weir, and K. Pyle. "Targeted insecticides to control Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri)." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5968.

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The recent invader Australian citrus whitefly (ACW) is causing severe sooty mould problems on citrus varieties throughout Northland Auckland Bay of Plenty Gisborne and Hawkes Bay Five insecticide programmes were applied to two orchards in Kerikeri and two orchards in Gisborne Four programmes used foliar insecticide targeting adults in November 2009 (pymetrozine diazinon polyether modified polysiloxane or pyrethrin) followed by another targeting crawlers/young instars in December (spirotetramat buprofezin mineral oil or pyrethrin respectively) The fifth programme was a single soil drench of imidacloprid in November Reductions in ACW populations were achieved on trees treated with pymetrozine then spirotetramat diazinon then buprofezin or polyether modified polysiloxane then mineral oil These reductions were greater than those observed on untreated trees pyrethrintreated trees or imidaclopridtreated trees Sooty mould on fruit and foliage was reduced with pymetrozine/spirotetramat diazinon/buprofezin or polyether modified polysiloxane/mineral oil treatments at the sites where sooty mould was severe on untreated trees

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Bestmann, Hans Jürgen, Beate Claßen, Uwe Kobold, Otto Vostrowsky, and Fred Klingauf. "Pflanzliche Insektizide, III [1], Pyrethrin I im etherischen Öl von Chrysanthemum balsamita L. / Herbal Insecticides III [1]. Pyrethrin I in the Essential Oil of Chrysanthemum balsamita L." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1986): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-7-811.

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Abstract From the leaves of Chrysanthemum balsamita L. an essential oil with insecticidal properties was isolated and the components were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. By means of TLC and HPLC the oil was divided into several fractions, which were examined for their insecticidal activity in a biotest. The activity could be contributed to pyrethrin I which was found for the first time in C. balsamita.

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22

Page-Weir, N. E. M., L. E. Jamieson, A. Chhagan, P. G. Connolly, and C. Curtis. "Efficacy of insecticides against the tomato/potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli)." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.6010.

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Adult and nymphal life stages of the tomato/potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; TPP) cause damage to the host plants and transmit the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum This leads to reduced crop yield and ultimately the premature decline and death of the infected plant The efficacy of 11 insecticides was tested against nymphal and adult stages of TPP Residues of abamectin oil and bifenthrin were the most effective at reducing adult TPP up to 3 days after treatment while thiacloprid spiromesifen imidacloprid spinetoram and azadirachtin were slightly toxic Residues of buprofezin oil pyrethrin oil and mineral oil had no effect on adult mortality Nymphal life stages were best controlled with abamectin oil spirotetramat bifenthrin and spiromesifen

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Cloyd, Raymond A., and Nina L. Cycholl. "Phytotoxicity of Selected Insecticides on Greenhouse-grown Herbs." HortScience 37, no. 4 (July 2002): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.4.671.

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A greenhouse study was conducted from Oct. 1999 through Feb. 2000, and Mar. 2001 through Apr. 2001, to determine the potential phytotoxic effects of selected insecticides on Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L. `Santa Cruz'), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum L. `Topaz'), wolly thyme (Thymus vulgaris L. `Wolly'), and nutmeg thyme (Thymus vulgaris L. `Nutmeg'). Insecticides used for the study were Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA, pyrethrin [+ piperonyl butoxide (PBO)], azadirachtin, potassium salts of fatty acids, two rates of cinnamaldehyde, paraffinic oil, and capsaicin. Visual observations of phytotoxicity were made 7 days after the final application. Pyrethrin, potassium salts of fatty acids, and both rates of cinnamaldehyde were consistently more phytotoxic than the other insecticides. Despite the phytotoxic effects from some of the insecticides, new growth that emerged following treatments compensated for the initial damage, and the herbs were still saleable.

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Kim, Young-Duk, and Jin-Seo Lee. "IoT-Based Fumigation for Insect Repellent in Food Storages: Breaking the Trade-Off between Efficiency and Safety." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031129.

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Insect infestation in food can cause various health risks when ingested by humans, as well as damage to food itself. To tackle this, food safety can be secured by fumigating the food storage, using specific materials containing pesticides. However, because most fumigation is toxic to human health, there is a trade-off relationship between insect repellency and safety assurance. In this paper, to overcome this problem, first, organic fumigation is proposed, in which a relatively low-risk pyrethrin oil is developed. Second, a novel system which can remotely monitor and control fumigation using IoT is proposed for mitigating the fact that pyrethrin can also be dangerous when inhaled directly. Third, an insect repellent LED lamp system, which can replace insecticide through direct fumigation and ensure safety, has been proposed. Fourth, a camera-based human access detection system is developed for more efficient and safe controls during the fumigation. The performance of the proposed system has been verified through implemented test-bed, and it is revealed that the trade-off relationship between efficiency and safety can be overcome.

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Selles, Chaouki, Nassim Djabou, Fawzia Beddou, Alain Muselli, Boufeldja Tabti, Jean Costa, and Belkhir Hammouti. "Antimicrobial activity and evolution of the composition of essential oil from AlgerianAnacyclus pyrethrumL. through the vegetative cycle." Natural Product Research 27, no. 23 (December 2013): 2231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2013.811409.

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Vaglica, Alessandro, Ezio Peri, Natale Badalamenti, Vincenzo Ilardi, Maurizio Bruno, and Salvatore Guarino. "Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Seseli bocconei Essential Oils against Stored Products Pests." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 3047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223047.

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In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from different aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Seseli bocconei Guss., a wild species endemic of Sicily, was investigated. Furthermore, the EOs’ biocidal effects towards two pests of stored products, Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculates, were evaluated. This activity was evaluated in Petri dish bioassays to establish the survival rate of adults treated with the EOs comparing them with solvent and a commonly used insecticide (pyrethrum). The data obtained from the toxicity bioassay evidenced that stems’ EOs and leaves’ EOs have a contact/fumigation effect towards the two insect species tested, while the EOs from the flowers did not exhibit a different mortality than the solvent. The EOs from the stem and leaves of S. bocconei, tested at 10 mg/petri dish, determined a LT50 of 53.38 and 42.97 h, respectively, on S. oryzae adults, and of 45.23 and 42.97 h, respectively, on C. maculatus adults. The promising bioactivity of S. bocconei leaves’ EOs and stems’ EOs toward S. oryzae and C. maculatus is encouraging in the perspective to test these oils and their main constituents for further experiments in the laboratory and field.

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Jamieson, L. E., N. E. M. Page-Weir, A. Chhagan, and C. Curtis. "The efficacy of insecticides against Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri)." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6564.

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Australian citrus whitefly (ACWF) was first detected in Auckland in 2000 and has since spread to Kerikeri Gisborne and Bay of Plenty where it is causing sooty mould on a range of citrus varieties Although classical biological control is being considered for longterm management of this pest insecticidal control is required in the short term In a laboratory bioassay crawlers and young nymphs were the most susceptible life stages to insecticides while pupae and eggs were very tolerant Foliar applications of 11 insecticides and one soilapplied insecticide were tested in a potted plant trial targeting crawlers and young nymphs Ten weeks after application diazinon endosulfan and a soil application of imidacloprid had reduced infestations to nil Other effective products after 12 weeks were bifenthrin spirotetramat pyrethrin buprofezin azadirachtin maldison pyriproxifen and mineral oil Foliar applications of pymetrozine avermectin or soap did not significantly reduce numbers of ACWF compared with untreated plants at 12 weeks after application

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Marchand, Patrice A., Claire Dimier-Vallet, and Rodolphe Vidal. "Biorational substitution of piperonyl butoxide in organic production: effectiveness of vegetable oils as synergists for pyrethrums." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 30 (December 22, 2017): 29936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1057-0.

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Mužinić, Vedran, and Davor Želježić. "Non-target toxicity of novel insecticides." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3111.

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AbstractHumans have used insecticides since ancient times. The spectrum and potency of available insecticidal substances has greatly expanded since the industrial revolution, resulting in widespread use and unforeseen levels of synthetic chemicals in the environment. Concerns about the toxic effects of these new chemicals on non-target species became public soon after their appearance, which eventually led to the restrictions of use. At the same time, new, more environmentally-friendly insecticides have been developed, based on naturally occurring chemicals, such as pyrethroids (derivatives of pyrethrin), neonicotinoids (derivatives of nicotine), and insecticides based on the neem tree vegetable oil (Azadirachta indica), predominantly azadirachtin. Although these new substances are more selective toward pest insects, they can still target other organisms. Neonicotinoids, for example, have been implicated in the decline of the bee population worldwide. This review summarises recent literature published on non-target toxicity of neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and neem-based insecticidal substances, with a special emphasis on neonicotinoid toxicity in honeybees. We also touch upon the effects of pesticide combinations and documented human exposure to these substances.

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Masabni, Joseph G., and S. Alan Walters. "Earth-Kind® Vegetable Production in the Home Garden Using Mushroom and City Compost." HortTechnology 24, no. 4 (August 2014): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.4.480.

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A field study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to determine the suitability of Earth-Kind® production principles for home vegetable gardening. Earth-Kind® production encourages water and energy conservation, and reduction of fertilizer and pesticide use. Seven vegetable cultivars [Sweet Banana and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum); Celebrity and Juliet tomato (Solanum lycopersicum); Spacemaster cucumber (Cucumis sativus); Ichiban eggplant (Solanum melongena); Spineless Beauty zucchini (Cucurbita pepo)] were grown in mushroom compost (MC) or city compost (CC). Both composts were incorporated preplant into the soil with shredded wood mulch placed over them. In each year, nitrogen (N) fertilizer (15.5N–0P–0K from calcium nitrate) was applied preplant to CC plots to bring initial soil fertility levels similar to MC plots. No additional fertilizer was applied during the growing season. Drip irrigation was supplemented weekly. One application each of neem oil and pyrethrin (organic insecticides) and chlorothalonil (synthetic fungicide) was applied before harvest in 2010, but none was applied in 2011. Results indicated that Earth-Kind® technique could be effectively implemented in a home vegetable garden. MC is better suited for Earth-Kind® vegetable production than CC for some vegetables. Banana pepper, bell pepper, and zucchini had twice the yield in MC plots when compared with CC plots. No yield differences (P > 0.05) were observed between composts for tomato, eggplant, or cucumber. With proper irrigation and soil preparation practices such as addition of compost and mulch, Earth-Kind® vegetable gardening techniques can be used for selected vegetable crops without additional N fertilizer or pesticides. Furthermore, Earth-Kind® vegetable gardening can be successful as long as the home gardener understands that low yields may result from using this production method. However, often the home gardener is more concerned about producing vegetables using sustainable, environmentally friendly methods than maximizing yields.

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Igielska-Kalwat, Joannna, Sława Połoczańska-Godek, and Ewa Kilian-Pięta. "The use of Dalmatian pyrethrum daisy and an excipient in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis." Acta Biochimica Polonica, February 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2020_5770.

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The active ingredients of the Pyretrin-D trichological cosmetic series, namely benzyl benzoate, Dalmatian pyrethrum daisy, Cistus incanus, tea tree oil and geranium oil, almond acid and arginine were tested in respect to the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. The paper describes the application of Dalmatian pyrethrum daisy and the excipient. Methods and devices used to confirm the effectiveness of the tested formulations included the TrichoScope Polarizer Dino-Lite (MEDL4HM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Thomas, D., A. Wong, JA Glinski, and I. Acworth. "Determination Of Pyrethrins In Pyrethrum Oil Extracts By UHPLC-UV-CAD." Planta Medica 82, no. 05 (March 17, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1578617.

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Garcia, Maria Lúcia B., Ubiratan P. Santos, Adenir Perini, Milena M. P. Acencio, Fernanda D. T. Q. S. Lopes, Heloisa M. S. Bueno, Paulo H. N. Saldiva, and Milton A. Martins. "Eosinophilic pneumonitis induced by aerosol-administered diesel oil and pyrethrum to mice." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 25, no. 6 (June 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892009000600008.

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34

"CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF PYRETHRUM BALSAMITA (L.) WILLD. FROM AZERBAIJAN." Chemistry of plant raw material 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.201502566.

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"Larvicidal Efficacy of Crude Essential Oil (Leaf Extracts) of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm (Myrtaceae) and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceace) against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 5, no. 3 (March 5, 2016): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/v5i3.1061602.

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Mokrane, Selma, Giuseppe Cavallo, Francesco Tortorici, Elena Romero, Alberto Fereres, Khaled Djelouah, Vincenzo Verrastro, and Daniele Cornara. "Behavioral effects induced by organic insecticides can be exploited for a sustainable control of the Orange Spiny Whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (September 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72972-x.

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Abstract The Orange Spiny Whitefly (OSW) Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) represents a new serious threat to Citrus spp., grapevine and ornamental plants in the whole Mediterranean area. Such threat urgently calls for the development of a sustainable control strategy, including insecticides compatible with biological control, and applicable also in organic citrus farming that represent an essential part of Mediterranean agricultural economy. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity and the effects on host searching, oviposition, and probing and feeding behavior exerted on OSW by organic insecticides supposed to have limited side effects on environment and ecosystem services, i.e. sweet orange essential oil (EO), extract of Clitoria ternatea (CT), mineral oil, pyrethrin and azadirachtin. Despite none of the compounds caused a significant mortality of any of the OSW instars, we observed interesting effects on whitefly behavior: (i) EO and pyrethrin showed a relevant repellent effect, with impairment of both adults landing and oviposition on treated plants; (ii) CT and pyrethrin strongly affected probing behavior. Here, in the light of our findings, we discuss possible OSW sustainable control strategies and further research perspectives.

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Newton, Rachael, Jennifer Amstutz, and Joyce E. Patrick. "Biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis is altered in the presence of pesticides." Access Microbiology 2, no. 12 (December 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000175.

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Bacillus subtilis uses swarming motility and biofilm formation to colonize plant roots and form a symbiotic relationship with the plant. Swarming motility and biofilm formation are group behaviours made possible through the use of chemical messengers. We investigated whether chemicals applied to plants would interfere with the swarming motility and biofilm-forming capabilities of B. subtilis in vitro. We hypothesized that pesticides could act as chemical signals that influence bacterial behaviour; this research investigates whether swarming motility and biofilm formation of B. subtilis is affected by the application of the commercial pesticides with the active ingredients of neem oil, pyrethrin, or malathion. The results indicate that all three pesticides inhibit biofilm formation. Swarming motility is not affected by the application of pyrethrin or malathion, but swarm expansion and pattern is altered in the presence of neem oil. Future studies to investigate the mechanism by which pesticides alter biofilm formation are warranted.

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Elazzouzi, Hanane. "Volatiles profiling and antioxidant activity of Moroccan Artemisia ifranensis J. Didier and Anacyclus pyrethrum Link essential oils." Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, June 14, 2020, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2020.28171.2594.

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"THE EFFECT OF PYRETHRUM EXTRACT AND NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS ON HEAD LICE: IN VITRO TEST AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE." International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.31032/ijbpas/2018/7.11.4557.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pyrethrum oil'

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