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1

Sheppard, D. Craig, and Brad Swedlund. "Toxicity of Individual Pyrethrin Esters to House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 3 (2000): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.3.279.

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Six pyrethrin esters were separated from whole pyrethrum by using high performance liquid chromatography on a silica column. Dilutions of individual esters were applied topically to house flies (Musca domestica L.) and compared to whole pyrethrum and transpermethrin. LD50's averaged from two significant dosage-mortality regressions per chemical were in ascending toxicity: Cinerin I (1.77 μjg/fly), jasmolin I (1.28 μjg/fly), pyrethrin II (0.49 μg/fly), jasmolin II (0.46 μg/fy). cinerin II (0.43 μg/fly), pyrethrin I (0.20 μg/fly)> 25% pyrethrin extract (0.11 μg/fly) and trans-permethrin (
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2

Grdiša, Martina, Nina Jeran, Filip Varga, Tatjana Klepo, Tonka Ninčević, and Zlatko Šatović. "Accumulation Patterns of Six Pyrethrin Compounds across the Flower Developmental Stages—Comparative Analysis in Six Natural Dalmatian Pyrethrum Populations." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (2022): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020252.

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Pyrethrin is a specialized metabolite of Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.), Asteraceae, known worldwide as an effective bioinsecticide. It consists of six active compounds: Pyrethrin I and II, cinerin I and II, and jasmolin I and II. Pyrethrin accumulates mainly in the flower heads and its content depends on numerous factors, such as the flower developmental stage. This study aims to investigate the accumulation patterns of six pyrethrin compounds in the flower heads of Dalmatian pyrethrum over the eight developmental stages (FS1 to FS8), and to make a compari
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3

Shimira, Flavien, Senem Uğur, Şamil Muhammet Özdemir, and Yeşim Yalçın Mendi. "Future and Prospect use of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) as Part of the Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) Tool in Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2021): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.150-158.3771.

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Nowadays, immediate environmental friendly solutions such as the use of biopesticides and other methods to control and manage pests are well needed. They are imperative due to the continuous accumulation of toxic residues from synthetic insecticides into the environment, the contamination of global agro-ecosystem and resistance of certain insects and pathogens. The global renewed interest of botanical pesticides does not leave aside Turkey. Thus, many environmental reports pointed out contaminations in different regions of Turkey by chemical pesticide residues, like lambda-cyhalothrin in some
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4

Cai, Ting Ting, Min Ye, Zheng Yue Li, Lin Ming Fan, You Gui Zha, and Jing Wang. "Investigation of the Main Chemical Compounds in Pyrethrum Extract Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.737.

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The main chemical compounds in pyrethrum flower extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were identified by GC-MS. Peak area normalization was used to determine relative percentage content of the compounds. The results showed that the main chemical compounds in pyrethrum flower extract were β-farnesene, β-cubebene, ethyl palmitate and ethyl linoleate, besides six pesticidal active compounds of pyrethrins that were cinerin I, jasmin I, pyrethrin I, cinerinII, jasminIIand pyrethrinII.
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5

Li, Jiawen, Zhizhuo Xu, Tuo Zeng, et al. "Overexpression of TcCHS Increases Pyrethrin Content When Using a Genotype-Independent Transformation System in Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)." Plants 11, no. 12 (2022): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11121575.

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Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is one of the most important industrial crops for the extraction of pyrethrins, which are natural insecticidal compounds. Progress in pyrethrum molecular breeding with the objective of increasing pyrethrin content has been slow for lack of a suitable gene transfer system. Regeneration recalcitrance is a crucial barrier to establishing a genetic transformation system in pyrethrum. Therefore, in this study, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in pyrethrum was developed using shoot apical meristems from germinated seedlings. Factors affecting tran
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6

Moslemi, Azin, Peter K. Ades, Tim Groom, Pedro W. Crous, Marc E. Nicolas, and Paul W. J. Taylor. "Paraphoma Crown Rot of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)." Plant Disease 100, no. 12 (2016): 2363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0628-re.

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Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is commercially cultivated for the extraction of natural pyrethrin insecticides from the oil glands inside seed. Yield decline has caused significant yield losses in Tasmania during the last decade. A new pathogen of pyrethrum causing crown rot and reduced growth of the plants in yield decline affected fields of northern Tasmania was isolated from necrotic crown tissue and described as Paraphoma vinacea. Multigene phylogenetic identification of the pathogen also revealed that P. vinacea was a new species different from other Paraphoma type strains. Glassho
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7

Moorman, Richard, and Khanh T. Nguyen. "Identification and Quantitation of the Six Active Compounds in a Pyrethrin Standard." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 5 (1997): 966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.5.966.

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Abstract Six biologically active insecticidal compounds in pyrethrum extract—pyrethrin I (Py I), jasmolin I (J I), cinerin I (C I), pyrethrin II (Py II), jasmolin II (J II), and cinerin II (C II)—have been identified and quantitated using a procedure combining the modified version of the AOAC mercury reduction Method 936.05 and capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), GC with mass selective detection, and GC with infrared detection. This method involves hydrolysis of pyrethrum extract and subsequent measurement of monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Mass and in
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8

Astarkhanova, T. S., I. R. Astarkhanov, T. I. Abasova, and D. A. Alibalaev. "EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL INSECTICIDES BASED ON ESSENTIAL OILS IN PROTECTED GROUND CONDITIONS." THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY 1, no. 63 (2025): 3–7. https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2025-63-1-3-7.

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The implementation of the objectives of the Federal Scientific and Technological Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025, aimed at reducing the level of dependence on imports through the production of biological products, with an expected increase in their output by at least 20% by 2025, has determined the relevance of our research. The aim of the work was to develop compositions of plant insecticides, including natural pyrethrins contained in Dalmatian chamomile (Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium Trev) and neem oil, to confirm the effectiveness of their combinations against insect p
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9

Verma, P. P. S., D. Kumar, B. Kumar, R. C. Padalia, and A. Kumar. "Flower yield potential of Pyrethrum (<em>Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium</em> L.) under various NPK Levels in the Lower Hills of Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka 18, no. 3 (2023): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v18i3.9811.

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Purpose: A favorable environment is available for the cultivation of Pyrethrum in the hilly regions of India, as well as in some mountainous areas of India. In view of the demand for Pyrethrin, it is very necessary to promote the huge cultivation of Pyrethrum. There is no misconception that research work has not been done to promote Pyrethrum, but the data related to the assessment of the right amount of nutrients required for the crop is not available in research related to agrotechnology. If the crop is to be taken as a ratoon crop, then it is very important to estimate the amount of nutrien
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10

Maršić-Lučić, Jasna, Stela Jokić, Maja Molnar, et al. "Assessment of Pyrethrin Novel Green Extraction Methods from Dalmatian Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)." Applied Sciences 15, no. 7 (2025): 3845. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15073845.

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Six novel green extraction techniques were evaluated and optimized to extract pyrethrin from dried Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir./Sch.Bip.). This approach offers a promising natural alternative to conventional chemotherapeutics. Four methods are presented for the first time in this study: microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), high-voltage electric discharge (HVED) extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), and deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction, together with supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for pyrethrin extractio
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11

Kiriamiti, H. K., S. Camy, C. Gourdon, and J. S. Condoret. "Pyrethrin exraction from pyrethrum flowers using carbon dioxide." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 26, no. 3 (2003): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-8446(02)00165-1.

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12

Glynne-Jones, Antonia. "Pyrethrum." Pesticide Outlook 12, no. 5 (2001): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b108601b.

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13

Nguyen, Khanh T., Richard Moorman, Virginia Kuykendall, et al. "Determination of N-Octyl Bicycloheptene Dicarboximide, Pyrethrins, and Butylcarbityl 6-Propylpiperonyl Ether in Technical Materials, Concentrates, and Finished Products by Capillary Gas Chromatography: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 3 (1998): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.3.503.

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abstract Nineteen collaborating laboratories (including the authors') analyzed 6 blind, duplicate pairs of various technical materials, pyrethrum extracts, concentrates, and finished products by split injection capillary gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection. This procedure simultaneously quantitates with speed, ease, accuracy, and precision all 6 insecticidal compounds in pyrethrum: pyrethrin I, jasmolin I, cinerin I, pyrethrin II, jasmolin II, and cinerin II, as well as butylcarbityl 6-propylpiperonyl ether (BPE, the predominant compound in technical piperonyl butoxide, als
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14

Wang, Qiang, Peng Xu, Felipe Andreazza, et al. "Identification of multiple odorant receptors essential for pyrethrum repellency in Drosophila melanogaster." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 7 (2021): e1009677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009677.

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Pyrethrum extract from dry flowers of Tanacetum cinerariifolium (formally Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) has been used globally as a popular insect repellent against arthropod pests for thousands of years. However, the mechanistic basis of pyrethrum repellency remains unknown. In this study, we found that pyrethrum spatially repels and activates olfactory responses in Drosophila melanogaster, a genetically tractable model insect, and the closely-related D. suzukii which is a serious invasive fruit crop pest. The discovery of spatial pyrethrum repellency and olfactory response to pyrethrum in D
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15

Jawhari, Fatima Zahra, Hamada Imtara, Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, et al. "Reproductive Biology of the Two Varieties of Anacyclus pyrethrum L.—Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire—An Endemic Endangered Species." Plants 11, no. 17 (2022): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172299.

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The reproductive system is essential for the structuring and transmission of genetic diversity. Understanding the reproductive biology of threatened endemic species is considered to be a crucial element for the implementation of effective conservation strategies. Given the lack of information and the insufficient state of knowledge on the reproductive system of Anacyclus pyrethrum L., a threatened medicinal species endemic to Morocco, we are the first to study the reproductive biology of two varieties of Anacyclus pyrethrum L.: Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link and Anacyclus pyrethr
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16

Andreev, Radoslav, Hristina Kutinkova, and Konstantinos Baltas. "Non-Chemical Control of Some Important Pests of Sweet Cherry." Journal of Plant Protection Research 48, no. 4 (2008): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-008-0059-9.

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Non-Chemical Control of Some Important Pests of Sweet CherrySome non-chemical insecticides were tested for efficacy of control of fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea(Drury), and of cherry weevil,Rhynchites auratus(Scop.) in the laboratory and black cherry aphid,Myzus cerasi(Fabr.) under field conditions. Hendreson &amp; Tilton formula was applied for evaluation of efficacy. NeemAzal T/S (azadirahtin) at the concentration 0.5% and Naturalis (Beauveria bassiana) used at 0.2% or 0.3% have shown the best results against black cherry aphid. Good results were also obtained with Pyrethrum FS (pyrethrin + s
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17

Jawhari, Fatima Zahra, Abdelfattah E. L. Moussaoui, Mohammed Bourhia, et al. "Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball) Maire: Correlation between Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Chemically Characterized Extracts." Plants 10, no. 1 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010149.

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In this work, two varieties of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) including Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball) Maire were evaluated for their mineral and chemical compositions, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities using hydroalcoholic extracts from their different parts (leaves, capitula, roots, and seeds). The phytochemical and mineral compositions were carried out using standard methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenz
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18

Jawhari, Fatima Zahra, Hamada Imtara, Nabil Radouane, et al. "Phytochemical, Morphological and Genetic Characterisation of Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link." Molecules 28, no. 14 (2023): 5378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145378.

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The present study is based on a multidisciplinary approach carried out for the first time on Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus, two varieties from the endemic and endangered medicinal species listed in the IUCN red list, Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link. Therefore, morphological, phytochemical, and genetic characterisations were carried out in the present work. Morphological characterisation was established based on 23 qualitative and quantitative characters describing the vegetative and floral parts. The phytochemical compounds were determined by UHPLC. Ge
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19

Jawhari, Fatima Zahra, Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, Hamada Imtara, et al. "Evaluation of the acute toxicity of the extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus Maire in Swiss mice." Veterinary World 14, no. 2 (2021): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.457-467.

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Background and Aim: Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) has been used in traditional North African and Indian medicine for the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, rheumatism, epilepsy, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite its medical benefits, few studies have examined its toxicity. The present study evaluated the acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extracts of different parts (roots, seeds, leaves, and capitula) of two varieties of A. pyrethrum (L.), namely, A. pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L) and A. pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball) Maire, in mice. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity was evalu
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20

Miss.Rupali B. Jadhav, Miss Rupali B. Jadhav, Miss Geeta N. Kaje Miss. Geeta N. Kaje, Mr Dinesh D. Thore Mr. Dinesh D. Thore, and Harshda D. Nikam Harshda D. Nikam. "Comprehensive Study of Anacyclus Pyrethrum." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 1 (2025): 227–37. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-1001227237.

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Anacyclus pyrethrum(A.Pyrethrum) is used in traditional medicines. The herb know as akarkara ( Anacyclus pyrethrum) is used in conventional medicines and has a wealth of phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids. Akarkara is common brand name for supplements made from Anacyclus pyrethrum, but other name like pellitory roots are also used. Shodhal Nighantuhas described firstly Akarkara as one of the potent drug. Here an attempt is made to review that Anacyclus pyrethrum shows Anti-inflamatory activity in Rheumatoid Arthritics
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21

Rawnsley, R. P., P. A. Lane, P. H. Brown, and T. Groom. "Occurrence and severity of the weeds Anthriscus caucalis and Torilis nodosa in pyrethrum." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 5 (2006): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04240.

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Pyrethrum [Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Sch.Bip.] is a short-lived, perennial horticultural crop grown for the production of pyrethrins. Weed management in pyrethrum is heavily reliant on chemical use and has unintentionally selected for a range of species. One of the major concerns to the pyrethrum industry is the presence of Apiaceae species, Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb and Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Increased occurrence and severity of infestation of these species in pyrethrum is a threat to the industry through reduced crop yields and increased costs for their control. To determine
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22

Tóth, Stefan, Michal Stricík, Stefan Týr, and Tomás Veres. "The possibilities of Slovakian pyrethrum production." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 27, no. 3 (2012): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1203245t.

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This paper discusses possibilities for pyrethrum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trevir.) Vis. production in southern regions of Slovakia, with an emphasis on target marketing, management constraints and further research. Pyrethrum is not a traditional crop in Slovakia but prospects have opened up for its cultivation. The high yields and quality of some suitable pyrethrum ecotypes provide the grounds for effective field production under favorable conditions. Pyrethrum yielding 1.275 t of dried flowers per hectare and having at least 1.5% pyrethrum content can be a profitable and highly lucrati
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23

Pethybridge, Sarah J., Frank S. Hay, Tim Groom, and Calum R. Wilson. "Improving Fungicide-Based Management of Ray Blight Disease in Tasmanian Pyrethrum Fields." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (2008): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0887.

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Ray blight disease, caused by Phoma ligulicola var. inoxydablis, is a serious threat to the Tasmanian pyrethrum industry. The management of this disease relies upon the strategic application of fungicides in early spring. A range of fungicides were assessed for their efficacy in controlling ray blight disease in Tasmanian pyrethrum fields, and the primary objective of this study was to increase fungicide options available to growers in different resistance groups. Fungicides were assessed under in vitro conditions, within five replicated-plot field trials over three seasons (2004 to 2006) and
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24

Liu, Yuzhu, Niloofar Vaghefi, Peter K. Ades, Alexander Idnurm, Aabroo Ahmed, and Paul W. J. Taylor. "Globisporangium and Pythium Species Associated with Yield Decline of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) in Australia." Plants 12, no. 6 (2023): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12061361.

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Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) cultivation in Australia, which accounts for the majority of global production of natural insecticidal pyrethrins, is affected by a persistent yield decline which in part is caused by a complex of pathogens. Globisporangium and Pythium species were isolated from crown and roots of pyrethrum plants showing stunting and brown discoloration of crown tissue, and from soil adjacent to diseased plants from yield-decline-affected sites in Tasmania and Victoria, Australia. Ten known Globisporangium species (Globisporangium attrantheridium, G. erinaceum, G. interme
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25

Scott, Jason B., David H. Gent, Tamieka L. Pearce, Sarah J. Pethybridge, Stacey J. Pilkington, and Frank S. Hay. "Mycoflora Associated With Pyrethrum Seed and the Integration of Seed Steam Treatment Into Foliar Disease Management Strategies." Plant Disease 101, no. 11 (2017): 1874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-17-0309-re.

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A complex of foliar diseases can affect pyrethrum in Australia, but those of greatest importance are ray blight, caused by Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and tan spot, caused primarily by Didymella tanaceti. Isolation of fungi from pyrethrum seed lots produced over 15 years resulted in recovery of six known pathogens: S. tanaceti, D. tanaceti, Alternaria tenuissima, Colletotrichum tanaceti, Stemphylium botryosum, and Botrytis cinerea. The incidence of S. tanaceti and D. tanaceti isolated from seed varied between 0.9 and 19.5% (mean = 7.7%) and 0 and 24.1% (mean = 5.3%) among years, respectively. C
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26

Mureramanzi, J., and G. Bizimungu. "PYRETHRUM IN RWANDA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1073 (February 2015): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1073.3.

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27

Mekhadmi, Nour Elhouda, Randa Mlik, Asma Abidd, et al. "Anacyclus pyrethrum extracts." Italian Journal of Food Science 36, no. 3 (2024): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i3.2627.

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Anacyclus pyrethrum, a native Algerian medicinal plant, demonstrates notable therapeutic efficacy. The bioactive profile of the Anacyclus pyrethrum extract was examined using HPLC-UV-VIS, which showed a high concen-tration of phenolic compounds (33.46 ± 0.57 mg EAG/g EP) and flavonoids (11.08 ± 0.24 mg E Qu/g EP). The Anacyclus pyrethrum extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in iron chelation (IC50 = 0.019 ± 0.0006 mg/ ml) DPPH (IC50 = 0.142± 0.001 mg/ml), ABTS+ (IC50 = 0.079 ± 0.0005 mg/ml) and OH (IC50 = 0.845 ± 0.052mg/ ml) radicals. Anti-inflammatory investigations were conduc
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28

Bargal, Anjali, Jasvanti Patil, Aishwarya Shinde, and Deepak Musmade. "Anacyculus pyrethrum (Akarkara)." International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/2664763x.2020.v2.i1a.16.

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29

Ramirez, Aldana M., Ting Yang, Harro J. Bouwmeester, and Maarten A. Jongsma. "A Trichome-Specific Linoleate Lipoxygenase Expressed During Pyrethrin Biosynthesis in Pyrethrum." Lipids 48, no. 10 (2013): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-013-3815-1.

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30

Roth, Myron. "The availability and use of chemotherapeutic sea lice control products." Contributions to Zoology 69, no. 1-2 (2000): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0690102012.

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An international survey revealed that eleven compounds representing five pesticide types are currently being used on commercial salmon farms for sea lice control. These include two organophosphates (dichlorvos and azamethiphos); three pyrethrin/pyrethroid compounds (pyrethrum, cypermethrin, deltamethrin); one oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide); three avermectins (ivermectin, emamectin and doramectin) and two benzoylphenyl ureas (teflubenzuron and diflubenzuron). The number of compounds available in any one country is highly variable, ranging from 9 (Norway) to 6 (Chile, United Kingdom) to 4 (
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31

Nikolova, Ivelina, and Natalia Georgieva. "Effects of biological insecticides NeemAzal T/S and pyrethrum FS EC and their interaction with organic products in treatments of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Pisum sativum (L.)." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 29, no. 3 (2014): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1403177n.

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The efficacy and effects of two biological insecticides, NeemAzal T/S? and Pyrethrum FS EC, applied individually and in combination with Polyversum (a biological growth regulator and fungicide) and Biofa (an organic foliar fertilizer), in controlling Acyrthosyphon pisum population density were studied. Nurelle D (a synthetic insecticide), applied alone and in combination with Flordimex 420 (a synthetic growth regulator), was used as a standard. The products were applied once (at budding stage) or twice (at budding and flowering stages). Twenty-four variants were studied. The interaction of Pyr
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32

Yahiaoui, Hassiba, Melanie-Jayne Howes, Samuel Ohiomakhare, Ahmed M’Hamedi, and Paul L. Chazot. "Algerian Anacyclus pyrethrum aqueous extract: novel antioxidant and neuroprotectant activity of a chemically profiled aqueous extract." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 7, no. 6 (2018): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.7(6).p262-270.

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Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag has a long tradition of medical use in Algeria. We report for the first time the antioxidant, functional and neuroprotective properties of this plant from Algeria. Differences in biochemical and physiological properties for the aqueous and methanol extracts of A. pyrethrum are reported and related to the main chemical constituents. The A. pyrethrum extracts contained amino acids, caffeoylquinic acids, N-feruloyltyramine and alkaloids, including including N-alkylamides, common in this plant species. Aqueous extracts (0.1 mg/ml) are neuroprotective against H2O2-induc
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33

Ilinkin, Vladimir, Boryanka Traykova, and Marina Stanilova. "In vitro clonal propagation of Tanacetum cinerariifolium and establishment of an ex situ collection of selected clones." BioRisk 20 (May 15, 2023): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.20.97566.

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Dalmatian pyrethrum Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb endemic to the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The species is widely cultivated in many countries for its bioactive compounds pyrethrins, which are used as natural insecticides. Plants derived from seeds vary greatly in pyrethrin content; therefore, the vegetative propagation of high-quality individuals is very important for the establishment of agricultural pyrethrum crops. The present study deals with rapid in vitro multiplication of pyrethrum, ex vitro adaptation of selected clones and crea
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34

Ilinkin, Vladimir, Boryanka Traykova, and Marina Stanilova. "In vitro clonal propagation of Tanacetum cinerariifolium and establishment of an ex situ collection of selected clones." BioRisk 20 (May 15, 2023): 97–114. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.20.97566.

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Dalmatian pyrethrum Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb endemic to the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The species is widely cultivated in many countries for its bioactive compounds pyrethrins, which are used as natural insecticides. Plants derived from seeds vary greatly in pyrethrin content; therefore, the vegetative propagation of high-quality individuals is very important for the establishment of agricultural pyrethrum crops. The present study deals with rapid in vitro multiplication of pyrethrum, ex vitro adaptation of selected clones and crea
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35

Sladonja, Barbara, Marin Krapac, Dean Ban, Zoran Užila, Slavica Dudaš, and Dušica Dorčić. "Effect of soil type on pyrethrum seed germination." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 4 (2014): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0063.

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Abstract Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.) is an autochthonous insecticidal plant from Dalmatia (Croatia). It is commercially grown worldwide with a particularly fast expansion in Africa and Australia (Tasmania) and used as a natural insecticide. The study was conducted in Istria, Croatia, in a greenhouse, to determine the effect of soil type on the germination of pyrethrum seeds. The effect of different soil types on the germination of pyrethrum was found to be highly significant. The highest percentage of germination was found on white clay loam (soil type 2), and the
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36

Iamonico, D. "Notas sobre Tanacetum corymbosum s. l. (Asteraceae)." Collectanea Botanica 37 (December 28, 2018): 013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2018.v37.013.

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Se presenta un estudio nomenclatural y taxonómico sobre Chrysanthemum italicum L., C. achilleae L., C. tanacetifolium Pourr., Pyrethrum cinereum Griseb., P. clusii Fisch. ex Rchb., P. clusii Tausch, P. daucifolium Pers. y P. tenuifolium Ten., táxones que pertenecen al grupo crítico de Tanacetum corymbosum. Se propone una nueva clasificación infraespecífica de Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch. Bip. s. l. y se reconocen cinco subespecies sobre la base de un estudio morfológico del material tipo y otros especímenes. Se proporciona una clave de diagnóstico de los táxones estudiados. Se propone tambié
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37

SHAHRAJABIAN, Mohamad H., Wenli SUN, and Qi CHENG. "Spanish chamomile (Anacyclus pyrethrum) and pyrethrum (Tanacetum cineraiifolium): organic and natural pesticides and treasure of medicinal herbs." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 1 (2021): 10816. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13110816.

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Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cineraiifolium) which is a natural insecticide has many properties, but the most important are raid action, very low toxicity for mammalian, lack of insect immunity, broad of activity, lack of persistence and degraded quickly by UV in sunlight and very effective insect repellent. Organic farmers can use pyrethrins as an insecticide for fruit and vegetable crops. Easily degraded by oxygen, light and temperature, pyrethrum compounds are environmentally friendly and compatible with organic farming. A. pyrethrum roots contain anacyclin, pellitorine, hydrocarolin, inulin, trace
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38

Varga, Filip, Zlatko Liber, Jernej Jakše, et al. "Development of Microsatellite Markers for Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Sch. Bip., a Plant with a Large and Highly Repetitive Genome." Plants 11, no. 13 (2022): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11131778.

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Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Sch. Bip.) is an outcrossing plant species (2n = 18) endemic to the eastern Adriatic coast and source of the natural insecticide pyrethrin. Due to the high repeatability and large genome (1C-value = 9.58 pg) our previous attempts to develop microsatellite markers using the traditional method were unsuccessful. Now we have used Illumina paired-end whole genome sequencing and developed a specific procedure to obtain useful microsatellite markers. A total of 796,130,142 high-quality reads (approx. 12.5× coverage) were assembled into 6,909,6
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39

KESKITALO, M. "Can protoplast production from in vitro cultured shoots of Tanacetum vary during the season?" Agricultural and Food Science 10, no. 3 (2001): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5688.

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Two different experiments were carried out to study the production of protoplasts and the variation of protoplast yield from in vitro cultured shoot tips of tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Schiltz-Bip). In the first experiment, light had more pronouced effect for tansy than for pyrethrum. When the donor tissues of tansy were cultured under high light intensity the leaves contained anthocyanin and became brown during enzyme maceration. In contrast, donor tissues cultured under low light intensity produced leaves without anthocyanin. Depending on t
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40

Catalano, Caterina, Angela Carra, Francesco Carimi, et al. "Long-Term Field Evaluation of Conventional vs. Micropropagated Plants of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (2022): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112756.

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Pyrethrum is a perennial herbaceous plant endemic to the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, and introduced in large areas of nearly all continents, where it is cultivated for the industrial extraction of pyrethrins. Pyrethrins are a group of six closely related monoterpene esters, widely used as natural insecticides. The world production of natural pyrethrins is lower than the market demand, and a wider introduction of this crop within the Mediterranean agrosystems could be an appealing opportunity for farmers and manufacturers. The availability of adequate amounts of selected plant material t
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41

Pan, W. "Preparative supercritical fluid extraction of pyrethrin I and II from pyrethrum flower." Talanta 42, no. 11 (1995): 1745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(95)01657-0.

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42

HARADA, Ana Yoshi, and Joachim ADIS. "Ants obtained from trees of a "Jacareuba" (Calophyllum brasiliense) forest plantation in Central Amazonia by canopy fogging: first results." Acta Amazonica 28, no. 3 (1998): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921998283318.

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Canopies of the locally occurring Amazonian tree species Calophyllum brasiliense. Camb. (Guttiferae, height 10 m) were fogged after dawn on the same day at five adjacent localities in a 20-year-old plantation at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve near Manaus/Brazil, using natural pyrethrum (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%), Baythroid (0.3%) and diesel oil, respectively. The 1152 ants collected represented 52 species, 17 genera and five subfamilies. The highest number of ant species was obtained with the synthetic pyrethrum Baythroid 0.3% and with natural pyrethrum 1.5%. About 46% of the total ant species were
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43

Ambrožič Dolinšek, Jana, Maja Ravnikar, Jana Žel, et al. "Tissue culture of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and associated microbial contamination." Acta Biologica Slovenica 53, no. 1 (2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.53.1.15369.

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&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Microbial contamination was observed on several subcultures of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) (Trevir.) Schultz-bip. callus lines. The presence of microorganisms- sms was detected by isolation of contaminants in pure culture from 7 out of 34 callus lines and direct ampliication of eubacterial 16S rDNA in the pyrethrum callus and plants and isolated bacteria. Altogether 16 contaminants were further analyzed, observing their morphology on several media and restriction of ampliied 16S rDNA. Analysis revealed presence and persistence of morphologically and genetically d
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KAYA, Serhat. "THE EFFECTS OF PYRETHRUM EXTRACT ON Galleria mellonella HEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME." Journal of Scientific Perspectives 4, no. 4 (2020): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26900/jsp.4.024.

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Pyrethrum is a natural neurotoxic insecticide which is obtained from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plant. Pyrethrum extract causes DNA damage, genotoxic effect, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inhibition of biochemical processes. The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is gaining increasing attention in immunity studies as an invertebrate model organism. Melanization, which is the most important response of invertebrate humoral immunity, occurs when inactive prophenoloxidase turns into phenoloxidase
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O.V., Gurs'ka, Pyda S.V., and Hrigoryuk I.P. "The content of some microelements in soil and in plants of the genus Pyrethrum Zinn." Plant Introduction 60 (December 1, 2013): 73–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1630653.

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It was found that plant of <em>Pyrethrum parthenium</em> (L.) Smith. and <em>Pyrethrum coccineum </em>(Willd.) Worosch., which are growing at a sufficiently secured microelements (Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, Cd) gray forest soil of Kremenets&rsquo; region, were accumulated significant amounts of Zn and Mn, low &ndash; Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Cd.
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46

S.J., Mustafayeva, Gasumova T.A., and Aliyeva Z.S. "About the genus of Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) in the flora of Azerbaijan." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine 74, no. 2 (2019): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7391230.

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Structure of the Tanacetum L. and Pyrethrum Zinn. genera in Azerbaijan has been critically revised. It was found that all of the Pyrethrum species were transformed to the Tanacetum genus, which is represented by 27 species belonging to 2 sections. A new key has been proposed to determine the Tanacetum species and they have been briefly reviewed
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47

Leng, Gabriele, Wolfgang Gries, and Sami Selim. "Biomarker of pyrethrum exposure." Toxicology Letters 162, no. 2-3 (2006): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.030.

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48

Singh, S. P., and J. R. Sharma. "Genetic improvement of pyrethrum." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 78, no. 6 (1989): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00266668.

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49

Subbiah, Usha, Gokulalakshmi Elayaperumal, Sonaa Elango, Arvind Ramanathan, Bagavad Gita, and Karthikeyan Subramani. "Effect of Chitosan, Chitosan Nanoparticle, Anacyclus pyrethrum and Cyperus rotundus in Combating Plasmid Mediated Resistance in Periodontitis." Anti-Infective Agents 18, no. 1 (2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352517666190221150743.

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Background: Chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle, ethanolic extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum root and Cyperus rotundus rhizome were evaluated against plasmid mediated multidrug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. isolated from unstimulated saliva of chronic periodontitis. The main aim of the current study centres the reduction of antibiotic consumption and the development of natural compounds to combat multidrug resistance. Methods: Identification of bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid stability and plasmid curing was carried out for the characteri
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Bossard, Robert L., and Alberto B. Broce. "Evaluation of Glass, Nylon Fabric and Filter Paper as Substrates in Insecticide Bioassays of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)1." Journal of Entomological Science 37, no. 2 (2002): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.2.182.

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Four bioassays for use in detecting and measuring insecticide resistance in newly-emerged, unfed adult cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), were evaluated: horizontal glass, horizontal Nylon 6,6 fabric disk, horizontal cellulose filter paper disk, and vertical cellulose filter paper strip (WHO bioassay). Each bioassay was evaluated using five insecticides: carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, malathion, permethrin, and pyrethrum. LC50s, LC90s, probit line slopes, and slope standard errors were compared. The LC50s on glass were lower than those obtained with the other substrates. This difference was a
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