Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pyrheliometer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Pyrheliometer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pyrheliometer"

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Balenzategui, José Lorenzo, María Molero, José Pedro Silva, Fernando Fabero, José Cuenca, Eduardo Mejuto, and Javier De Lucas. "Uncertainty in the Calibration Transfer of Solar Irradiance Scale: From Absolute Cavity Radiometers to Standard Pyrheliometers." Solar 2, no. 2 (April 2, 2022): 158–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2020010.

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In this work, the method for calculation of uncertainty of pyrheliometers’ responsivity during their outdoor calibration process in the laboratory is exposed. It is applied first for calibration of standard pyrheliometers by comparison to cavity radiometers, and after for calibration of an end-user pyrheliometer against that standard pyrheliometer. The dissemination of the WRR irradiance scale is illustrated in practice and the increasing uncertainty in the traceability chain is quantified. The way of getting traceability to both WRR scale and to SI units in the current situation, where the shift between these radiometric scales is pending to be solved, is also explained. However, the impact of this gap between scales seems to be more important for calibrations of reference Class A pyrheliometers than in the final determination of DNI irradiance, because in this case, the cumulative uncertainty is large enough as to not significantly be affected for the difference. The way to take into account different correction terms in the measurement model function, and how to compute the corresponding uncertainty, is explained too. The influence of temperature of some pyrheliometers during calibration process and the potential impact on the DNI irradiance calculated with these instruments is exemplified.
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IYER, N. V. "A NULL DETECTOR FOR PYRHELIOMETER OBSERVATIONS." MAUSAM 25, no. 3 (February 21, 2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v25i3.5265.

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Zhang, Z. M., X. S. Ge, and Y. F. Wang. "A novel pyrheliometer of high accuracy." Solar Energy 39, no. 5 (1987): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(87)80055-5.

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Cheng, S. X., X. S. Ge, J. A. Li, and H. Q. Feng. "A transient calorimeter pyrheliometer of high accuracy." Solar Energy 45, no. 2 (1990): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(90)90031-7.

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Mujahid, A. M., and A. R. M. Alamoud. "An easily designed and constructed photovoltaic pyrheliometer." Solar & Wind Technology 5, no. 2 (January 1988): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(88)90070-7.

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Dayan, A., A. Olbinsky, and G. Mittelman. "On the Design and Analysis of a Pyrheliometer Comprising a Convex Lens." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 3 (July 19, 2004): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1758724.

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A novel pyrheliometer, based on a solar irradiance concentration method, has been designed, constructed and calibrated. An analytical model of the instrument was developed and incorporated for the design and investigation of the instrument performance. The apparatus contains a small receiver that intercepts and absorbs the solar beam irradiation near the focus of a convex lens, by which the flux is concentrated. The irradiated receiver area is isothermal owing to its small dimensions and high thermal conductivity. Therefore, a single thermo-couple is sufficient to measure the temperature difference between the receiver irradiated area and its surroundings. The solar irradiative flux is evaluated by substituting the recorded temperature difference into, either, a linear experimental calibration chart or into a linear characteristic formula that was derived analytically. The instrument calibration was performed at the Israeli Institute of Standards, using an EPLAB normal incidence pyrheliometer as a reference. The new instrument is inexpensive, simple and portable. Its accuracy is suitable for routine field measurements of direct solar beam irradiation. The analytical model is typical to many solar radiation collection problems and could be considered as useful analytical tool, beyond the specific purpose for which it was developed.
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Mayer, I., and P. G. Holland. "Linearity and temperature compensation tests on a thermopile pyrheliometer." Solar Energy 39, no. 4 (1987): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(87)80015-4.

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Ferrera Cobos, F., R. X. Valenzuela, L. Ramírez, L. F. Zarzalejo, B. Nouri, S. Wilbert, and G. García. "Assessment of the impact of meteorological conditions on pyrheliometer calibration." Solar Energy 168 (July 2018): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.03.046.

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Michalsky, Joseph, Ellsworth G. Dutton, Donald Nelson, James Wendell, Stephen Wilcox, Afshin Andreas, Peter Gotseff, et al. "An Extensive Comparison of Commercial Pyrheliometers under a Wide Range of Routine Observing Conditions." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 752–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1518.1.

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Abstract In the most comprehensive pyrheliometer comparison known to date, 33 instruments were deployed to measure direct normal solar radiation over a 10-month period in Golden, Colorado. The goal was to determine their performance relative to four electrical-substitution cavity radiometers that were calibrated against the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) that is maintained at the World Radiation Center in Davos, Switzerland. Because of intermittent cabling problems with one of the cavity radiometers, the average of three windowed, electrical-substitution cavity radiometers served as the reference irradiance for 29 test instruments during the 10-month study. To keep the size of this work manageable, comparisons are limited to stable sunny conditions, passing clouds, calm and windy conditions, and hot and cold temperatures. Other variables could have been analyzed, or the conditions analyzed could have employed higher resolution. A more complete study should be possible now that the instruments are identified; note that this analysis was performed without any knowledge on the part of the analyst of the instruments’ manufacturers or models. Apart from the windowed cavities that provided the best measurements, two categories of performance emerged during the comparison. All instruments exceeded expectations in that they measured with lower uncertainties than the manufacturers’ own specifications. Operational 95% uncertainties for the three classes of instruments, which include the uncertainties of the open cavities used for calibration, were about 0.5%, 0.8%, and 1.4%. The open cavities that were used for calibration of all pyrheliometers have an estimated 95% uncertainty of 0.4%–0.45%, which includes the conservative estimate of 0.3% uncertainty for the WRR.
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Qiu, Jinhuan, and Xuemei Zong. "A New Method to Retrieve Thin Cloud Optical Thickness from a Ratio of Scattering to Global Solar Irradiance." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 4 (March 27, 2014): 1521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0139.1.

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Abstract Three kinds of “visible” cloud optical thickness τ—matching shortwave direct, global, and scattering solar irradiances (Ids, Igs and Iss)—are defined, which are marked as τd, τg, and τs, respectively. It is found from radiation calculations that a ratio of Iss to Igs in the small-τ case has a unique characteristic: strong sensitivity to τ but weak sensitivity to the cloud scattering phase function. On the basis of this characteristic, a method to retrieve Iss-equivalent τs from the ratio is proposed. This method is validated by way of simulation and application tests, in which the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT) is used to calculate irradiances. As shown in simulations with τ < 2, there may be unrealistically negative or grossly overestimated τ values from Igs, owing to the difference between τs and τd, while the new method can lead to a very good agreement of τs retrieval with its input. Furthermore, this method is used to retrieve small τ from the pyrheliometer and pyranometer measurements in Lhasa during 2006. It is found that τ retrieved from Igs was often negative because of cloud inhomogeneity, while the application of the new method resulted in stable yet reasonable τs values. The Iss calculations using 1293 sets of τs retrievals fit well into the Iss determinations from pyrheliometer and pyranometer measurements with an annual-mean deviation of 0.18%, but the deviation was raised to 46.4% when using τg retrievals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyrheliometer"

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GUO, FU-JIE, and 郭富傑. "Design of a Pyrheliometer Controlled by Arduino Chip Sets." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d8zsm9.

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碩士
國立聯合大學
能源工程學系碩士班
104
The world population continues grows and so does the demands for energy. However, the peak of oil production seems to be an inevitable future. Therefore, green energy industries grow at faster pace. One important component of green energy is photovoltaic system, which is a potent alternative energy source to combat global warming and oil depletion. Typically, the output electrical energy from a photovoltaic array is modeled by the amount of direct sunlight and the cosine effect. However, the measured irradiance also contains diffuse sunlight. The output energy estimated with the global horizontal irradiance alone may overestimate. In order to have a better estimation, the sky-light distribution must be modeled correctly. This project builds a 2D rotational pyranometer, which can be used to measure the global normal irradiance directly from the sun or to measure the global diffuse irradiance by scanning the sky. Then the all sky light distribution can be constructed. In this project, we use Arduino chips set to control the whole system, which includes two pyranometers, readout electronics, sun sensor, 2-D tracker, and data logger. This thesis reports the whole system starting from the design of individual components, assembly of whole system, calibration of both pyranometers, and finally the results from operation.
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Books on the topic "Pyrheliometer"

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Kmito, A. A. PYRHELIOMETRY. Routledge, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pyrheliometer"

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De Vincenzi, Matteo, and Gianni Fasano. "Monitoring coastal areas: a brief history of measuring instruments for solar radiation." In Proceedings e report, 676–87. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.67.

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The first measuring instruments of solar radiation, for meteorological aims, were made only in 1800s. In 1896 OMI established a commission for radiometry which led, in 1905, to choose Ångström pyrheliometer as standard instrument. Later, radiometers were built with a chart recorder for measuring solar radiation components. Instruments using thermopile or photocell as sensitive element were made. From 1980s radiometers with data logger were built. In 2000s devices were developed for measuring solar radiation components in water column, for studies on physical and biological marine quantities.
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"pyrheliometer, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/4052707839.

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Navas De La Torre, J. R., J. Luna, J. Serrano, G. Pedros, R. Posadillo, and A. Alvarez De Sotomayor. "SELF-ACTING SYSTEM TRACKING FOR PYRHELIOMETERS." In Renewable Energy, Technology and the Environment, 2978–82. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-041268-9.50108-5.

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Brock, Fred V., and Scott J. Richardson. "Solar and Earth Radiation." In Meteorological Measurement Systems. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134513.003.0012.

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This chapter is concerned with the measurement of solar radiation that reaches the earth’s surface and with the measurement of earth radiation, the long wave band of radiation emitted by the earth. The unit of radiation used in this chapter is the Wm-2. Table 10-1 lists some conversion factors. Radiant flux is the amount of radiation coming from a source per unit time in W. Radiant intensity is the radiant flux leaving a point on the source, per unit solid angle of space surrounding the point, in W sr-1 (sr is a steradian, a solid angle unit). Radiance is the radiant flux emitted by a unit area of a source or scattered by a unit area of a surface in Wm-2 sr-1. Irradiance is the radiant flux incident on a receiving surface from all directions, per unit area of surface, in Wm-2. Absorptance, reflectance, and transmittance are the fractions of the incident flux that are absorbed, reflected, or transmitted by a medium. Global solar radiation is the solar irradiance received on a horizontal surface, Wm-2. This is the sum of the direct solar beam plus the diffuse component of skylight, and is the physical quantity measured by a pyranometer. Direct solar radiation is the radiation emitted from the solid angle of the sun’s disc, received on a surface perpendicular to the axis of this cone, comprising mainly unscattered and unreflected solar radiation in Wm-2. At the top of the atmosphere this is usually taken to be 1367 W m-2 ± 3% due to changes in the earth orbit and due to sunspots. The direct beam is attenuated by absorption and scattering in the atmosphere. The direct solar radiation at the earth’s surface is the physical quantity measured by a pyrheliometer. Diffuse solar radiation (sky radiation) is the downward scattered and reflected radiation coming from the whole hemisphere, with the exception of the solid angle subtended by the sun’s disc in Wm-2. Diffuse radiation can be measured by a pyranometer mounted in a shadow band, or it can be calculated using global solar radiation and direct solar radiation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pyrheliometer"

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Gnos, Michael, Brenton Greska, and Anjaneyulu Krothapalli. "On the Development of a Low Cost Pyrheliometer." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90418.

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A low cost pyrheliometer, based on a thermoelectric sensor, was developed at the Energy and Sustainability Center at the Florida State University. In addition, an inexpensive double-axis tracking device, capable of autonomous operation, enables the pyrheliometer to operate as a stand-alone system. Widely available off-the-shelf components were used and compromises in accuracy and time responsiveness were made in order to keep the cost low. The obtained data was compared with an Eppley Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (NIP) using model ST-1 solar tracker. Steady state values of irradiance were measured with an accuracy better than ±2%. Transient measurements are time delayed by a thermal lag of about two minutes, which leads to a high error for instantaneous measured values. However, the integrated irradiance over the course of any given day yields irradiation values with accuracy better than ±2%, even on days when the sun and clouds quickly alternate. Based on a manufacturing cost analysis, the prototype pyrheliometer is anticipated to cost less than $500 if mass-produced.
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Varghese, Anu, Athul M. Vasanthakumary, Joshua Freeman, and Krishnashree Achuthan. "Remote triggered solar energy assessment using a Pyrheliometer and a Pyranometer." In 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2017.8191251.

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Nudehi, Shahin, Peter Krenzke, and Luke Venstrom. "Pyrheliometer Control Design for the Solar Energy Research Facility at Valparaiso University." In 2020 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147636.

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Love, N. D., R. N. Parthasarathy, and S. R. Gollahalli. "A Method for the Rapid Characterization of Combustion Properties of Liquid Fuels Using a Tubular Burner." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42112.

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Knowledge of the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics is important in the application of both existing and newly developed fuels. A technique for the rapid characterization of flame radiation properties and emission characteristics of liquid fuels was developed for this purpose. Liquid fuel was injected into a heated air stream at known rates with a syringe pump; the feed line was heated (temperature of 425°C) to pre-vaporize the fuel before burning, to avoid the effects of evaporation parameters on measurements. Temperatures of the fuel and air were monitored using K-type thermocouples embedded within the feed lines. A laminar methane-air flame was issued from a stainless steel tubular burner (9.5mm inner diameter) and used as the ignition source. The methane supply was shut off after the onset of the burning of the vaporized liquid fuel, in order to eliminate the effects of burning methane in the measurements. Several liquid fuels were tested, including commercially available petroleum-based No. 2 diesel fuel, canola methyl ester (CME B 100) biodiesel, kerosene, methanol, toluene, and selected alkanes. A steady burning flame was achieved for all fuels. Radiative heat flux measurements were made with a high-sensitivity pyrheliometer and the radiant fraction of heat release calculated. The radiant heat fraction served as an indication of sooting tendency of the fuels. NO, CO, and CO2 emission measurements were also made. The measurements demonstrate the feasibility of the current technique for the rapid characterization of combustion properties of liquid fuels, utilizing small fuel quantities.
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Vignola, Frank, and Fuding Lin. "Evaluating calibrations of normal incident pyrheliometers." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth, and Kevin Lynn. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.861344.

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Konings, J., and Aron Habte. "Uncertainty evaluation of measurements with pyranometers and pyrheliometers." In ISES Solar World Congress 2015. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2015.07.15.

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Rommel, Matthias, and Marco Larcher. "Experimental investigation on the accuracy of alternative devices to measure DNI in comparison to tracking pyrheliometers." In SOLARPACES 2015: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949228.

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Kratzenberg, M. G., H. G. Beyer, S. Colle, and A. Albertazzi. "Uncertainty Calculations in Pyranometer Measurements and Application." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99168.

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The uncertainty of pyranometer measurements should be traced back to the World Radiation Reference (WRR), a standard that is specified by the mean sensitivity of the World Standard Group (WSG). The WSG is build up by 7 primary standard pyrheliometers, operated at Davos, Switzerland. Analyzing the complete calibration chain for an individual field pyranometer, usually the uncertainty of its calibration constant is extracted as a unique figure depending on the calibration method. The common representation of the expanded uncertainty, specified by the manufacturer is global information on the accuracy of daily averages. For the use of pyranometers for e.g. test of solar energy components as solar collectors, this information on the global daily accuracy of the pyranometer is not sufficient. As the response of a solar collector to the irradiance shows nonlinearities, a more detailed analysis of the pyranometer uncertainties is necessary. This will be demonstrated for the analysis of the uncertainties of the test results — i.e. the collector coefficients and their uncertainties — and the resulting predictions of the energy gain by these devices. Ancillary information by the manufacturers will be used to discuss the uncertainty of individual measurements depending on e.g. ranges of those parameters that originate the uncertainties, depending on the geometry (incidence angle), ambient temperature and the sky conditions. Based on this information the inter-comparability of test performed at different times or with different instruments will be discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Pyrheliometer"

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Steufer, Martin, Marc Korevaar, Victor Cassella, and Telayna Wong. Heated Pyrheliometer Field Campaign Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1574384.

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Stoffel, T., and I. Reda. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: 22 September - 3 October 2008. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/951020.

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Reda, I., M. Dooraghi, and A. Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 22-26, 2014 (NPC-2014). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1160195.

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Reda, Ibrahim M., Michael R. Dooraghi, Afshin M. Andreas, and Aron M. Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 24 - October 5, 2018 (NPC-2018). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1480238.

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Reda, I., M. Dooraghi, and A. Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparison: September 16 to 27, 2013 (NPC-2013). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1111204.

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Reda, Ibrahim, Mike Dooraghi, Afshin Andreas, and Aron Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 26-October 7, 2016 (NPC-2016). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330800.

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Reda, Ibrahim M., Michael R. Dooraghi, Afshin M. Andreas, and Aron M. Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 25-October 6, 2017 (NPC-2017). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1408691.

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Reda, Ibrahim, Afshin Andreas, Aron Habte, Peter Gotseff, Mark Kutchenreiter, and Marta Stoddard. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 23-October 4, 2019 (NPC-2019). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1571755.

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Reda, Ibrahim, Afshin Andreas, Martina Stoddard, Aaron Kepple, Shawn Jaker, and Aron Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 23 - September 28, 2023 (NPC-2023). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2203525.

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Reda, Ibrahim, and Afshin Andreas. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: November 4 & 29, 2021 (NPC-2021). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1900507.

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