Academic literature on the topic 'Pyricularia grisea'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pyricularia grisea"
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Zuraidah, Zuraidah, Qatrun Nida, and Sri Wahyuni. "UJI ANTAGONIS BAKTERI TERHADAP CENDAWAN PATOGEN PENYAKIT BLAS." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 8, no. 1 (July 19, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v8i1.6667.
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Damage to leaves, panicles, and stems of rice plants caused by fungal pathogens, Pyricularia grisea, which causes Blas. Control of this disease by the use of biological agents in the form of bacteria which is Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and consortium. This research aims to determine the ability of these bacterial isolates to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia grisea. This research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The working procedures in this research were sampling of pathogenic fungi, making Pyricularia grisea liquid inoculum, and testing bacterial antagonists for pathogenic fungi in vitro. Analysis of variance (ANAVA) was used, with Fcount = 802.66 and Ftable = 3.48 with a significant level of α = 0.05 (5%) proved that the isolates of the bacteria Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could play an antagonistic role towards the fungus Pyricularia grisea. The results of this research indicate that bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia grisea by the formation of the largest average clear zone in the treatment of Bacillus cereus bacteria which was 9.57 mm. The clear zone in the fungicide is 9.53 mm, the consortium is 9.37 mm, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 8.2 mm.
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Zuraidah, Zuraidah, and Sri Wahyuni. "Uji Daya Hambat Beberapa Ekstrak Bahan Alami Terhadap Pertumbuhan Cendawan Pyricularia grisea." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 6, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v6i2.5611.
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Pyricularia grisea is a pathogenic fungus which causing rice blast disease that affected leaf, stems and rice panicles of rice plant. A possible option to reduce the use of synthetic chemical fungicide in managing the blast disease is by using plant natural active ingredients to inhibit the mycelial growth of Pyricularia grisea. This research evaluated the potential uses of bay leaf, tropical almond leaf, and kaffir lime leaf extract in inhibiting pathogenic fungus Pyricularia grisea. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications and 4 treatments were used in this research. Work procedures included leaf extracts preparation, pathogenic fungi rejuvenation, growth media preparation and isolates plantation on PDA media. The parameter in this study was the diameter of the Pyricularia grisea inhibition zone. Data was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence interval with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level (α = 0.05) as post hoc test if significant differences between treatments were detected using SPSS 16.0. The results of this study indicated that the highest concentration (100%) of each plant leaf extract was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus Pyricularia grisea. The zone of inhibition of bay leaf extract was 1.77 mm, tropical almond leaf extract was 2.33 mm and lime leaf extract was 1.52 mm. The largest diameter of the inhibition zone was found on media with tropical almond leaf extract.
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Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti, Sabrina Ferreira Leite, and Rafael Galbieri. "Eficiência da disseminação aérea em Pyricularia grisea." Summa Phytopathologica 33, no. 3 (September 2007): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052007000300011.
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Pyricularia grisea (teleomorfa Magnaporthe grisea) é um patógeno que infecta mais de 80 gramíneas. No Brasil ataca importantes culturas como arroz e trigo, causando a brusone. Mais recentemente foi reportada na triticale, cultura alternativa para os produtores de trigo no sul do estado de São Paulo. Um dos principais meios de disseminação da doença é a dispersão aérea embora pouca informação esteja disponível sobre a distância que esses esporos podem atingir a partir de uma determinada fonte de inóculo. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de disseminação de P. grisea a partir de um foco inicial, empregando ferramentas moleculares. A presença de clones do patógeno em campos distantes 4, 30 e 1000 metros a partir de um campo infectado sugere que esporos de um determinado foco podem atingir pelo menos essas distâncias.
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Kumar, Vipin, Prashant Mishra, Joginder Singh, and Raju . "In Vitro efficacy of essential oils on mycelial growth of Magnaporthe griseaca using blast in basmati rice." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2016): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.8.
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Management of Pyriculari agrisea by eco-friendly approaches is promising. In this study the essential oils from Coriander sativum (Coriander), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) were tested against Pyricularia grisea in vitro by poison food technique. The pure culture of P. grisea was allowed to grow at 300ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm concentration of essential oils on PDA medium. Clove oil was found most effective to inhibit mycelial growth completely at 300, 500 and 1000ppm after72 hrs, 96 hrs and 120 hrs. Next effective oil was observed neem oil followed by coriander oil. This indicated that clove oil is most effective against P. oryzae pathogen. Neem and coriander oil is less effective. The results of the current study indicated that each of the three essential oils tested, reduced the radial growth of P. oryzae.
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Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti, and Cristina Perbelini Silva. "Characterization of Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia grisea) from Black Oat in Brazil." Journal of Phytopathology 159, no. 11-12 (September 28, 2011): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01844.x.
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Greer, C. A., S. C. Scardaci, and R. K. Webster. "First Report of Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia grisea in California." Plant Disease 81, no. 9 (September 1997): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.9.1094a.
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Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc., generally recognized as the most important disease of rice (Oryzae sativa L.) worldwide, was first found in the Sacramento Valley of California in 1996. Symptoms observed in commercial fields during September and October consisted mainly of darkened lesions at the panicle neck node and flag leaf collar. Many of the panicles with neck rot were partially filled or blank. Disease foci were irregular within fields and the most severely affected areas had approximately 50% of the panicle necks with symptoms. Initial identification of P. grisea was made by isolating the fungus from panicle neck nodes and leaf collars on potato dextrose agar. Subsequent identifications were made by placing symptomatic panicle neck nodes or leaf collars on moist filter paper in petri dishes to allow sporulation of the fungus. P. grisea was consistently recovered from these tissues and was identified by conidial morphology. A survey of over 500 rice fields in five Sacramento Valley counties was conducted in September and October 1996. Rice blast was confirmed in 33 commercial fields, which are spread over an area of approximately 460 km2 in Glenn County (27 fields) and northern Colusa County (6 fields). No blast was found in Butte, Sutter, or Yolo counties. P. grisea was recovered from cvs. M-201, M-202, M-204, M-103, M-401, S-102, L-204, and Calmochi-101 and several proprietary lines. To confirm pathogenicity of P. grisea, cv. M-201 was inoculated in the greenhouse 28 days after seeding with a suspension of 20,000 conidia per ml of sterile deionized water, covered with plastic bags for 2 days, and evaluated 7 days later. P. grisea isolates from cvs. M-201, M-202, and M-204 produced typical leaf and collar blast symptoms on inoculated plants, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. P. grisea was consistently recovered from lesions on inoculated plants. No rice cultivars currently grown in California are known to have resistance to blast.
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Lestari, Shyntiya Ayu, Umi Kalsum, and Evan Purnama Ramdan. "Efikasi Beberapa Agens Hayati Terhadap Penekanan Pertumbuhan Pyricularia grisea Secara In Vitro." Agrosains : Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 23, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v23i1.48174.
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<p>The demand for rice as an important food crop in Indonesia is still constrained by the attack of blast disease caused by <em>Pyricularia grisea</em>. Controlling using synthetic chemical pesticides has a negative impact on the environment so that the use of biological agents is an alternative option. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of several biological agents against the pathogen <em>P. grisea</em> that causes blast disease in rice plants in vitro. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 levels of treatment and was repeated 3 times using the dooble culture method. The results of the study showed that the inhibition of <em>P. grisea</em> was the highest in the treatment of <em>P. grisea</em> × <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. and <em>P. grisea</em> × <em>Gliocladium</em> sp. namely 67.04% and 51.85% compared to other treatments. The <em>P. polymyxa</em> and <em>P. fluorescence</em> treatments showed low inhibition, namely 23.70% and 28.89%. Biological agents <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. and <em>Gliocladium</em> sp. able to inhibit the growth of the fungus <em>P. grisea</em>. Each biological agent has a different percentage of inhibition in that caused by the inhibitory mechanism of the biological agent.</p>
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PURCHIO, A. F., and J. J. MUCHOVEJ. "Commelina agraria: a new host of Pyricularia grisea." Plant Pathology 42, no. 5 (October 1993): 818–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01571.x.
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Galbieri, Rafael, and Alfredo Seiiti Urashima. "Caracterização, compatibilidade e ocorrência de reprodução sexual entre isolados de Pyricularia grisea de diferentes hospedeiros." Summa Phytopathologica 34, no. 1 (February 2008): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052008000100005.
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A brusone, causada por Pyricularia grisea (teleomorfa Magnaphorthe grisea), possui uma ampla gama de hospedeiros. No Brasil, arroz, trigo, triticale e cevada são as culturas que sofrem quedas significativas de produtividade devido ao ataque desse patógeno. Além desses cereais, outras gramíneas também têm apresentado sintomas dessa doença. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram: a) caracterizar sexualmente isolados de P. grisea desses hospedeiros baseado na determinação do "mating type", fertilidade, sexualidade, compatibilidade sexual, b) analisar o grau de compatibilidade sexual entre isolados de brusone de trigo e de outras gramíneas, c) estudar a ocorrência da reprodução sexual em isolados de trigo. Os resultados obtidos através de ensaios "in vitro" constataram: 1) compatibilidade sexual de P. grisea do trigo com Bromus catharticus, Phalaris canariensis e X. triticosecal; 2) desbalanço entre porcentagem de MAT1-1 e MAT1-2, com predominância de MAT1-1 na população de P. grisea do trigo; 3) existência de um campo de isolados de trigo com baixa habilidade de cruzamento; 4) baixa possibilidade de ocorrência de reprodução sexual de P. grisea em campos de trigo, mesmo com existência de ambos "mating type" num mesmo campo.
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Uddin, W., G. Viji, G. L. Schumann, and S. H. Boyd. "Detection of Pyricularia grisea Causing Gray Leaf Spot of Perennial Ryegrass Turf by a Rapid Immuno-Recognition Assay." Plant Disease 87, no. 7 (July 2003): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.7.772.
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An immuno-recognition assay using a monoclonal antibody was developed to detect Pyricularia grisea, the causal agent of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). In vitro assays with isolates of P. grisea from perennial ryegrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), wheat (Triticum aestivum), triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui), and rice (Oryza sativa) showed positive reactions; however, the strength of the reactions differed among isolates. Reactions were more intense with isolates from perennial ryegrass, wheat, and triticale. All P. grisea isolates from perennial ryegrass collected from various regions of the United States showed positive reactions. P. grisea was detected at antigen dilution rates of 0.5×, 0.25×, 0.13×, 0.06×, and 0.03×. Dot-blot assays with Bipolaris sorokiniana, Colletotrichum graminicola, Curvularia lunata, Microdochium nivale, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, or Sclerotinia homoeocarpa isolated from turfgrasses were negative. In vivo assays of symptomatic leaves of perennial ryegrass plants inoculated with P. grisea also showed positive reactions, and those inoculated with B. sorokiniana, P. aphanidermatum, R. solani, or S. homoeocarpa were negative. Intensity of reaction between the monoclonal antibody and P. grisea was proportional to disease severity in perennial ryegrass inoculated with P. grisea; however, there was no reaction in dot blots of leaf tissue collected during the latent period. P. grisea was detected in perennial ryegrass samples from golf course fairways affected by gray leaf spot in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island using this procedure. The monoclonal antibody recognition system is highly sensitive to P. grisea and can be used effectively for the rapid diagnosis of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyricularia grisea"
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Takami, Lucas Kenji. "Resistência de genótipos de trigo à brusone (Pyricularia grisea)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4546.
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Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a grass grown and used as an energy source worldwide being cultivated in several regions of Brazil. However, some diseases severity and ineffective chemical control have been threatening Brazilian wheat production. Among the diseases, the blast of wheat caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea, is gaining a prominent role, being able to reduce crop yields by up to 70%. Chemical control of the disease has been unsatisfactory and there is little information on genetic resistance available in the literature. Resistance is the best way to control diseases by both economically and environmentally advantages. Given these facts, the objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to blast of wheat genotypes for later use in breeding programs. It was obtained 10 different isolates of the cereal producing regions in Brazil. The isolates were transferred to PDA medium (potato dextrose agar) and after development and cleansing of the colonies were transferred to OA medium (oatmeal and agar) and maintained at a temperature of about 25 ° C and light regime of 12 hours for 10 days for sporulation of the fungus to occur. The concentration of the fungus used in the inoculations was adjusted to 1.2 x 105 spores / mL. In the first experiment, plants were inoculated when they had four leaves. The plants were kept under controlled conditions at 25° C and evaluated seven days after inoculation. Plants were classified according to the type of infection and later was calculated the Resistance Spectrum Relative (RSR) (percentage of isolates that the genotype expressed resistance) and the Disease Index (DI) (resistance of a genotype using all range of types of infection). The DI values were considered different (p≤0,05) if their confidence intervals (95%) did not overlap. Genotypes IVI 04033, VI 07443, VI 07505, IVI 04028, VI 07157, VI 04026, VI 98053 and VI 07160 were susceptible to more than 80% of isolates. Five varieties and four lines had a RSR greater than 50% and DIs smaller than 0.6. Among the lines stood out VI 04098 and VI 07094 with RSR greater than 80%, equating to the variety IPR 85. In the second experiment conducted under field conditions, inoculation was done staggered, according to the cycle of the genotypes, when plants reached the stage of 58-60 in Zadoks scale (1974), being applied 1L of suspension of P. grisea at a concentration of 1.2 x 105/mL per plot. Productivity was assessed by harvesting each plot area (3 m2). Disease incidence was assessed by the percentage of infected spikes and severity was assessed by the percentage of infected spikelets in each spike.The yield ranged from 879 to 3983 kg / ha, the incidence of the disease ranged from 0.86 to 84.24% and the severity ranged from 0.48 to 65.29%. Seven genotypes were classified as MR, three genotypes as MS and nine as S. The highlights were the cultivars CD 116, CD 104, IPR 85 and line VI 07094 with yields exceeding 3000 kg / ha and severity lower than 6%. The three variables yield, incidence and severity showed significant correlation with each other.
O trigo (Triticum spp.) é uma gramínea cultivada e utilizada como fonte de energia no mundo todo, sendo cultivado em várias regiões do Brasil. No entanto, a severidade de algumas doenças e o controle químico ineficaz, vêm ameaçando a triticultura brasileira. Entre as doenças, a brusone do trigo causada pelo fungo Pyricularia grisea, vem ganhando um papel de destaque, podendo reduzir a produtividade das lavouras em até 70%. O controle químico da doença tem sido insatisfatório e existem poucas informações sobre resistência genética disponível na literatura. O uso da resistência é a melhor maneira de controle de doenças, tanto pelas vantagens do ponto de vista econômico, quanto ambiental. Diante desses fatos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de genótipos de trigo à brusone para posterior uso em programas de melhoramento genético. Foram obtidos 10 isolados de diferentes regiões produtoras do cereal no Brasil. Os isolados foram repicados para meio BDA (batata, dextrose e Agar) e após desenvolvimento e purificação das colônias foram transferidos para meio AV (aveia e Agar), sendo mantidos sob temperatura de aproximadamente 25ºC e regime de luz de 12 horas, durante 10 dias, para que ocorresse esporulação do fungo. A concentração do fungo empregada nas inoculações foi ajustada para 1,2 x 105 esporos/mL. No primeiro experimento, as plantas foram inoculadas quando apresentavam quatro folhas. As plantas foram mantidas em condições controladas a 25ºC e avaliadas sete dias após a inoculação. As plantas foram classificadas conforme o tipo de infecção e, posteriormente, foram calculados o Espectro de Resistência Relativo (ERR) (porcentagem de isolados que o genótipo expressou resistência) e o Índice de Doença (ID) (resistência de um genótipo usando toda a gama de tipos de infecção). Os valores de ID foram considerados diferentes (p≤0,05) caso seus intervalos de confianças (95%) não se sobrepusessem. Os genótipos IVI 04033, VI 07443, VI 07505, IVI 04028, VI 07157, VI 04026, VI 98053 e VI 07160 apresentaram suscetibilidade a mais de 80% dos isolados. Cinco cultivares e quatro linhagens apresentaram ERR maior que 50% e IDs menores que 0,6. Dentre as linhagens, destacaram-se VI 04098 e VI 07094 com ERR maiores que 80%, se equiparando a variedade IPR 85. No segundo experimento, conduzido em condições de campo, a inoculação foi feita de forma escalonada, de acordo com o ciclo dos genótipos de trigo, quando as plantas atingiram o estádio 58-60 da escala de Zadoks (1974), sendo aplicado 1L de suspensão de conídios de P. grisea na concentração de 1,2 x 105/mL por parcela. A produtividade foi avaliada pela colheita de cada parcela útil (3 m2). A incidência da doença foi avaliada pela porcentagem de espigas infectadas e a severidade foi avaliada pela porcentagem de espiguetas infectadas em cada espiga. A produtividade variou de 879 a 3983 kg/ha; a incidência da doença variou de 0,86 a 84,24% e a severidade variou de 0,48 a 65,29%. Sete genótipos que foram classificados como MR, três genótipos como MS e nove como S. Destacaram-se as cultivares CD 116, CD 104, IPR 85 e a linhagem VI 07094 com produtividades superiores a 3000 kg/ha e severidades menores que 6%. As três variáveis: incidência, produtividade e severidade, apresentaram correlação significativa entre si.
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Thannberger, Laurent. "Etude de la β-1,3-glucane synthase de Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe grisea)." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10059.
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Le beta-1,3-d-glucane est un constituant essentiel de la paroi cellulaire des champignons, synthetise chez les vegetaux principalement dans la fonction cicatricielle (callose). L'enzyme qui le synthetise, joue un role important dans la croissance mycelienne et peut etre une cible interessante pour des fongicides. La beta-1,3-d-glucane synthase (ec 2. 4. 1. 34) de pyricularia oryzae, champignon responsable de la fletrissure du riz, a ete caracterisee. Nous avons dans un premier temps mis au point un protocole d'extraction des membranes par des centrifugations fractionnees. L'enzyme a ensuite ete solubilisee a l'aide du detergent polyoxyethylene ether w1. Le produit synthetise a ete identifie par digestion a l'aide d'hydrolases specifiques, puis par chromatographie. En conditions optimales, l'activite specifique de l'extrait enzymatique partiellement purifie peut atteindre 10 nmoles de glucose incorporees / mg de proteines / minute. Les etudes biochimiques ont montre les caracteristiques de regulation du systeme enzymatique: l'activation par les ions calcium et magnesium, l'activation par les nucleotides triphosphates a faible concentration (gtp 10#-#8m, atp 10#-#6m) et l'absence de forme zymogene. L'importance de la partie lipophile des molecules inhibitrices a ete montree en etudiant l'inhibition par les detergents de la famille de l'octylglucoside. La fraction enzymatique solubilisee, puis purifiee par centrifugation en gradient de densite, a ete analysee par electrophorese en condition denaturante. Les peptides de 32, 46 et 54 kda sont correles a l'activite et pourraient correspondre a des sous-unites du complexe enzymatique. Une banque d'adn genomique en phage de p. Oryzae a ete construite. Un fragment du gene etg1 de s. Cerevisiae, codant pour une proteine membranaire impliquee dans la synthese de beta-1,3-glucane, a ete amplifie par pcr et utilise comme sonde. Des experiences d'hybridation ont revele la presence de sequences homologues chez p. Oryzae. Le criblage de la banque genomique a permis d'isoler un clone, en cours de sous-clonage pour le sequencage
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Jantasuriyarat, Chatchawan. "Identification and characterization of genes involved in the interaction between rice and rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158295749.
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Ferreira, Sara Margarida Marques. "Estudo do ciclo vegetativo e da suscetibilidade à piriculariose de linhas avançadas e variedades comerciais de arroz." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6105.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Proteção de Plantas - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe present work had as objective to determine the duration of the cycle vegetative and to evaluate the susceptibility to rice blast disease of 19 rice advanced lines resulting from the improvement works performed by INIAV,I.P. in collaboration with the COTArroz, in “Salvaterra de Magos” and 12 commercial varieties. The susceptibility was determined under field conditions and greenhouse inoculation studies, having been used five isolated of Magnaporthe grisea of the Portuguese population of the pathogen and one isolated of reference of the Japanese population (JP 56 ). The beginning of tillering of the advanced lines and the varieties occurred between 19 and 29 days after sowing, the booting between 74 and 84 days and heading between 80 and 92 days. The duration of the vegetative cycle varied between 121 days and 140 days, having the majority of the studied advanced lines presented cycle greater than 130 days. In field test 60% of the advanced lines and 58% of commercial varieties were susceptible to leaf or panicle blast, having the advanced lines OP 1227 and OP 1229 and the commercial varieties “Ariete” and “Dardo” been most susceptible to leaf blast. In the study of inoculation 15.8% of the advanced lines presented susceptibility to all isolates, while no commercial variety presented susceptibility to all isolates.
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Gregg, John Patrick. "Herbicide and Nutrient Effects on the Development of Gray Leaf Spot Caused by Pyricularia grisea on Tall Fescue." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07082004-113557/.
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Gray leaf spot, induced by Pyricularia grisea, is a disease of increasing importance in tall fescue in the southeastern United States. Previous research has shown that several herbicides may predispose turfgrasses to some diseases and that certain essential nutrients may have antagonistic effects on fungal plant pathogens. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of herbicide and nutrient treatments on gray leaf spot development in tall fescue. Inoculation techniques were also evaluated for establishing gray leaf spot on tall fescue in controlled environments. Field studies revealed that 2,4-D applications resulted in significantly higher quality turf and lower gray leaf spot incidence than the untreated control. Turf treated with 2,4-D amine + mecoprop + dicamba also exhibited significantly less foliar blight symptoms than the untreated control. In vitro experiments revealed the growth-inhibiting effects of 2,4-D on P. grisea implicated in the field, as mycelial growth was completely inhibited at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg L-1. Colony growth was not affected at 2,4-D concentrations up to 100 mg L-1. Phosphorous acid treatments resulted in a reduction in turf quality compared to an untreated control, as did manganese and zinc treatments. Foliar blight caused by P. grisea was substantially increased in H3PO3-treated plots in 2003, where a 40% difference in blighted turf was observed between plots that received H3PO3 treatments every 14 days and the untreated control. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) analysis also revealed the significant detrimental effects of the phosphorous acid treatments. No significant differences in disease incidence or leaf spot size among nutrient treatments were observed in greenhouse treatments. Isolate selection was a significant factor for disease development and leaf spot size following spray inoculation under optimal environmental conditions. In general, disease incidence increased as inoculum density increased. Placing plants in covered containers or plastic bags immediately following inoculation for a 24-h period also appeared to promote disease development. Seeding rate did not have a significant effect on gray leaf spot development. We conclude that herbicide applications do not predispose tall fescue to gray leaf spot development and that applications of nutrients alone do not suppress development of gray leaf spot in tall fescue. Adjusting cultural practices as additional control measures for gray leaf spot does not appear to be a successful approach to managing this increasingly important disease.
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Casteliani, Ana Gabriele Barbosa. "Estrutura e diversidade das comunidades bacterianas associadas à Triticum aestivum L. e potencial antagonista contra os fitopatógenos Pyricularia grisea e Fusarium graminearum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-18042017-103056/.
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A cultura de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) é a segunda maior do mundo e o Brasil ocupa o segundo lugar de produção na América do sul. Entretanto, a produtividade desta cultura pode ser limitada devido à ocorrência de doenças como a brusone, causada pelo fungo Pyricularia grisea e a doença denominada giberela, causada pelo fungo Fusarium graminearum Populações bacterianas associadas à rizosfera de trigo podem apresentar potencial como agentes de controle biológico de diferentes fitopatógenos. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa foi direcionada ao estudo da composição da comunidade bacteriana rizosférica do trigo e a busca por micro-organismos com potencial para o controle biológico da brusone e da giberela. Assim, para melhor compreensão das comunidades associadas ao trigo, foram realizadas coletas em duas regiões diferentes no Brasil, sendo possível a obtenção de 606 estirpes entre bactérias e actinobactérias da rizosfera do trigo e de solo de cultivo da mesma cultura. Destas, 16 apresentaram, em testes in vitro, potencial antagonista diante dos fungos fitopatogênicos Pyricularia grisea e Fusarium graminearum com diferentes porcentagens de inibição. Dez dos isolados selecionados apresentaram similaridade com a família Streptomycetaceae, porém, quatro linhagens necessitam de estudos mais detalhados, pois a similaridade foi baixa, podendo indicar uma espécie ainda não descrita; quatro linhagens demonstraram similaridade com a família Bacillaceae e dois com a família Paenibacillaceae. Na avaliação de produção de metabólitos secundários com efeito inibitório, apenas dez apresentam potencial, porém estudos mais detalhados se fazem necessários para a confirmação deste mecanismo. A análise de diversidade bacteriana demonstrou uma maior abundância do filo Actinobacteria, seguido pelo filo Proteobacteria e Acidobacteria em ambas as áreas amostradas, entretanto, o filo Acidobacteria foi o que demonstrou a maior variação entre as classes presentes nas diferentes regiões estudadas, indicando uma seleção da comunidade de acordo com a variedade do cultivar e o estádio de desenvolvimento do vegetal. A comunidade bacteriana de trigo apresenta micro-organismos com potencial para a inibição dos fungos causadores da brusone e da giberela, porém o efeito destas linhagens deve ser melhor investigado em condições de campo. A compreensão das comunidades bacterianas associadas ao trigo pode se apresentar como uma importante ferramenta para direcionar a busca por antagonistas.Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the second largest crop in the world and Brazil is in the second position in the ranking of production in South America. However, its productivity can be limited due to the occurrence of diseases like wheat blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea and the disease called Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. Bacterial populations associated to wheat rhizosphere may have potential to act as biological control agents of different plant pathogens. In this context, this research aimed to look at wheat rhizosphere bacterial community and the pursuit of microorganisms with potential for the biological control of wheat blast and FHB. Given this, in order to study wheat bacterial communities, data collection was carried out in two different regions in Brazil, returning 606 bacterial and actinomycetes isolates from wheat rhizosphere and bulk soil. Among these,, 16 strains revealed antagonistic potential against both plant pathogens Pyricularia grisea and Fusarium graminearum, with different percentages of inhibition. Ten strains were selected out of the 16 and showed similarity with the family Streptomycetaceae, whereas four of them displayed a low similarity, requiring a deeper analysis and might indicate new species. Four isolates showed similarity with the family Bacillaceae and two with the family Paenibacillaceae. On the assessment of production of secondary metabolites with inhibitory effects, only ten strains were positive, but more detailed studies are necessary to confirm this mechanism. The analysis of bacterial diversity revealed a larger abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria, followed by the phylum Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in both areas, however, the phylum Acidobacteria revealed more variation among its classes when both araes were compared, indicating a selection of the community according to the cultivar and the developmental stage. Wheat bacterial community presents microorganism with inhibition potential against fungi responsible for wheat blast and FHB, yet the effect of such strains should be investigated closely under field conditions. The understanding of bacterial communities associated to wheat may be seen as an important tool to help in the search for antagonists.
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Barboza, Loane Dantas Krug. "Reação de variedades de Urochloa spp. A espécies de Pyricularia associadas à brusone /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182444.
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Orientador: Paulo Cezar CeresiniResumo: Fungos do gênero Pyricularia apresentam uma ampla gama de plantas hospedeiras, com capacidade de infectar mais de 50 espécies de gramíneas nas quais causam a doença brusone. Há relatos que a espécies forrageira braquiária (Urochloa brizantha) é hospedeira de muitas espécies deste fungo. Muito embora a brusone em braquiária não cause prejuízos à produção de pastagens, a distribuição generalizada desta forrageira no país a torna uma importante fonte de inóculo do patógeno para diversas outras culturas de importância agrícola severamente danificadas pela brusone, em especial o trigo. A brusone do trigo é causada principalmente por Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt), pode ser também ser atribuída a duas outras espécies de Pyricularia, P. pennisetigena (Pp) e P. urashimae (Pu). Dessa forma o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a suscetibilidade bem como a reação de nove espécies e/ou cultivares do gênero Urochloa aos patógenos Pygt, Pp, Pu e P. grisea (Pg), a única espécie, até então, relatada como patógeno de braquiária no Brasil. De Pygt, foi avaliado também a virulência de sete raças do patógeno em espécies/cultivares de braquiária. Houve variação significativa na patogenicidade e na virulência e agressividade de espécies Pyricularia à diferentes espécies de Urochloa. As cultivares Ipypoã, BRS Tupi e Xaraés foram as mais resistentes às diferentes espécies Pygt, Pg, Pp e Pu do patógenos da brusone. Quando avaliamos a reação de Urochloa às raças B, C e D de P. graminis-tritici ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Fungi of the genus Pyricularia have a wide range of host plants, and are capable of infecting more than 50 species of grasses in which they cause blast disease. There are reports that the signal grass forage species (Urochloa brizantha) is host to many species of this fungus. Although the blast disease in signal grass does not cause damage to pasture production, the widespread distribution of this forage in the country makes it an important source of pathogen inoculum for several other crops of agricultural importance severely damaged by blast, especially wheat. The wheat blast is caused mainly by Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt), but it can also be associated with to two other species of Pyricularia, P. pennisetigena (Pp) and P. urashimae (Pu). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility and the reaction of nine species and / or cultivars of the genus Urochloa to the pathogens Pygt, Pp, Pu and P. grisea (Pg), the only species hitherto reported as a pathogen of Urochloa in Brazil. For Pygt, the virulence of seven pathogen races or virulence groups to Urochloa species / cultivars was also evaluated. There was significant variation in the pathogenicity and virulence and aggressiveness of Pyricularia species to different Urochloa species. When we evaluated the reaction of Urochloa to P. graminis-tritici races B, C and D, the Urochloa species / cultivars tested showed susceptibility. However, resistance was detected for the other Pygt races. The ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Williams, Donald L. "Preliminary evaluation of the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) as a potential bioherbicide control agent for crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) infestations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Fawn) turf." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117114.
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This study addressed the possibility of rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) as a potential bioherbicide for the control of crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), in turf/lawn plantings. Experiments were: (i) evaluation of the effect of bioherbicide inoculum dosage (titer) on disease severity in crabgrass; (ii) competition between crabgrass and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 'Fawn') and the additive effect of rice blast bioherbicide on the competitiveness of crabgrass; (iii) survival of rice blast spores under non-conducive infection conditions on crabgrass; and (iv) effect of multiple inoculations of rice blast fungus and subsequent disease on crabgrass.Spore concentrations of 5 x 105 to 1 x 106 conidia/mI had no significant difference in effect on mean biomass reduction of treated crabgrass. All produced tissue death and loss of vigor in treated crabgrass, but no plant death. In one trial, a spore concentration of 2 x 106 conidia/ml produced 100% biomass loss in treated crabgrass.Competition studies indicated crabgrass will out-compete fescue 'Fawn' in plots of equal numbers of each plant, i.e., 3 fescue and 3 crabgrass. In 10 x 10 cm mini-lawns of fescue interspersed with 5 crabgrass plants, fescue will out-compete the crabgrass. In mini-lawns of fescue and crabgrass, infection of crabgrass with non-lethal doses of rice blast fungus improved fescue's ability to out-compete crabgrass. Three methods of investigating competition were tested. Mini-lawns sown with 0.5 g fescue seed (approx. 200 seeds) with crabgrass seed sown into centers of the four quadrants and in center of the mini-lawn, worked best.Survival of Magnaporthe grisea conidia under non-conducive conditions was tested by drying inoculated crabgrass seedlings for 0-48 hours prior to dew-deposition. Treatments verified spores remain viable at least 24 hours on crabgrass leaves under greenhouse conditions (25-40° C and 25-75% relative humidity).Two successive inoculations (at 3 days and 7 days after primary inoculation) of crabgrass with M. grisea conidia (5 x 105 conidia/ml) resulted in significant reduction in growth compared to a single spore application.Results suggested Magnaporthe grisea exhibits potential for future development as a commercial bioherbicide to control crabgrass (Digitaria sanquinalis). Current studies investigated integration in lawn grass, but should be applicable to situations anywhere crabgrass is considered a weed e.g., in corn (Zea mans) or soybeans (Glycine max).Department of Biology
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Storani, Waleska Del Pietro. "Influência do período de molhamento, temperatura e concentração de inóculo de Pyricularia grisea na ocorrência da brusone em plântulas de trigo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/17.
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Blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe grisea (anamorph Pyricularia grisea), is one of the main diseases of wheat and is disseminated throughout main producing states of the Country. It has been causing significant yield loss and is a limiting factor for the crop s expansion in central Brazil where the weather is highly favorable. The use of resistant cultivars can be influenced by weather conditions and concentration of inoculum. Chapter 1 of the present dissertation describes the influence of period of foliar wetness on the occurrence of blast in wheat seedlings in two experiments. The first one employed cultivars BH1146 (resistant) and BR40 (susceptible) inoculated with the Pyricularia isolate PR06- 03. In the second assay, the cultivars were BR18 (resistant) and Anahuac (susceptible) inoculated with the fungal isolate PR01-23. Five treatments were the period of wetness (6, 10, 14, 18 and 24h) in ten replications. Analysis was performed using a completely randomized design with a factorial plan of the treatments (five foliar wetness periods and 2 cultivars). Results showed that the minimum period needed for the development of the disease was 10 hours when inoculated with the isolate PR06-03. The longer the foliar wetness period the higher the incidence and severity of the disease regardless the resistance of cultivars. Chapter 2 aimed to determine the influence of the weather and concentration of P. grisea on the incidence and severity of blast. The experiment used totally randomized design with a factorial plan of the treatments: four concentrations (10³, 104, 105, 106 spores/ml) and two cultivars, ten repetitions. The wheat cultivars were BR18 (resistant) and Anahuac (susceptible) which were inoculated with 50ml of P. grisea suspension (isolate PR06-03) at the concentrations 10³, 104, 105, 106 spores/ml. The seedlings were submitted to temperatures of 22ºC and 28ºC for 18 hours of foliar wetness. The results showed that at 22ºC higher disease severity occurred on susceptible cultivar whereas the disease was the same for both cultivars at 28ºC. The resistant cultivar reacted like a susceptible when submitted to high temperature and high concentration of pathogen.
A brusone é uma das principais doenças do trigo e está disseminada nos principais estados produtores do país, causando danos significativos e sendo fator limitante para a expansão da cultura no Brasil central, principalmente por ser uma doença altamente influenciada pelo clima. Seu controle através de cultivares resistentes pode ser influenciado pelas condições climáticas e pela concentração de inóculo na lavoura. O Capítulo 1 desta dissertação descreve a influência do período de molhamento foliar na ocorrência da brusone, em plântulas de trigo, em dois experimentos. O primeiro com o isolado do fungo Pyricularia grisea (PR01-23) e duas cultivares de trigo no estádio de plântula, com reação diferenciada ao isolado (Anahuac suscetível e BR18 resistente) e o segundo com o isolado do fungo (PR06-03) e duas cultivares de trigo no estádio de plântula (BR40 suscetível e BH1146 resistente). Foram empregadas dez repetições de cinco tratamentos com os diferentes períodos de molhamento foliar (6, 10, 14, 18 e 24h). Avaliou-se a incidência e a severidade da brusone em porcentagem. A análise foi feita através de um delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com um esquema fatorial dos tratamentos (cinco períodos de molhamento e duas cultivares). Os resultados mostraram que o tempo mínimo requerido para o aparecimento da doença nas plântulas foi de 10 horas, quando inoculadas com o isolado PR01-23 e de 14 horas, quando inoculadas com o isolado PR06-03. Quanto maior o período de molhamento foliar, maior a incidência e a severidade da doença, independente da resistência da cultivar. O Capítulo 2 teve como objetivo determinar a influência da temperatura e concentração de inóculo de Pyricularia grisea na incidência e na severidade da brusone. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com um esquema fatorial dos tratamentos: quatro concentrações de inóculo (10³, 104, 105 e 106 esporos/mL) e duas cultivares, dez repetições. Utilizou-se duas cultivares de trigo no estádio de plântula (BR18 resistente e Anahuac suscetível) que foram inoculadas com 50 mL de suspensão de P. grisea (isolado PR06-03) nas concentrações 10³, 104, 105 e 106 esporos/mL. As plantas foram submetidas às temperaturas de 22ºC e 28ºC por 18 horas de molhamento foliar. Avaliou-se a incidência e a severidade da brusone em porcentagem. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que à 22ºC a severidade foi maior na cultivar suscetível e igual para as cultivares a 28ºC. A cultivar resistente se comportou de forma semelhante a suscetível, quando submetida à alta temperatura e altas concentrações de inóculo.
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Hatchett, Taylor Boozer Lawrence Katheryn Kay Scott. "Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants unable to convert ricinoleic acid into 7,10,12-Trihydroxy-8(E)-Octadecenoic acid (TOD) and a survey of the biological activity of TOD." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1637.
Full textBooks on the topic "Pyricularia grisea"
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Wang, Guo-Liang. Advances in genetics, genomics and control of rice blast disease. New York: Springer, 2009.
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B, Anil Kumar T., and National Agricultural Technology Project, eds. Finger millet blast [Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc] and its management. New Delhi: National Agricultural Technology Project, 2004.
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Shinji, Kawasaki, ed. Rice blast: Interaction with rice and control. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
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Wang, Xiaofang, Guo-Liang Wang, and Barbara Valent. Advances in Genetics, Genomics and Control of Rice Blast Disease. Springer, 2010.
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Kawasaki, Shinji. Rice Blast: Interaction with Rice and Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pyricularia grisea"
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Correll, J. C., T. L. Harp, J. C. Guerber, and F. N. Lee. "Differential Changes in Host Specificity among MGR586 DNA Fingerprint Groups of Pyricularia Grisea." In Advances in Rice Blast Research, 234–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9430-1_28.
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Guochang, Sun, and Sun Shuyuan. "Conditions for Sporulation and Preservation of Conidia of Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia Grisea." In Major Fungal Diseases of Rice, 111–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2157-8_8.
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Veerapraditsin, T., T. Toojinda, S. Sriprakhon, S. Pimpisithavorn, E. Roumen, and P. Sirithunya. "Molecular genetic characterization of the rice blast (Pyricularia grisea) population in Thailand." In Advances in Rice Genetics, 633–37. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812814319_0239.
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Leung, H., and M. Taga. "Magnaporthe Grise a (Pyricularia Species), the Blast Fungus." In Genetics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi, 175–88. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-033706-4.50015-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pyricularia grisea"
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NASUTION, ANGGIANI. "Observasi ketahanan varietas padi lokal terhadap penyakit blas (Pyricularia grisea) di rumah kaca." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010103.
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Lestari, Shyntiya Ayu, Evan Purnama Ramdan, and Umi Kulsum. "Identifikasi Penyebab Penyakit Blas Padi Pada Kombinasi Pola Tanam System of Rice Intensification (SRI) dan Jajar Legowo." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.235.
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Blas merupakan penyakit penting tanaman padi yang dapat menginfeksi bagian daun dan leher malai. Pengenalan penyebab penyakit penting dilakukan untuk menentukan pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi penyebab penyakit blas padi pada kombinasi pola tanam SRI dan Jajar legowo. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai September 2020 di BBPOPT Jatisari, Karawang. Pengamatan lapang dilakukan pada pada 6 petak sawah dengan pola tanam berbeda, meliputi P1: SRI + jarwo 2:1, P2: SRI + jarwo 3:1, P3: SRI + jarwo 4:1, P4: SRI + jarwo 5:1, P5: SRI tanpa kombinasi jarwo, dan P6: Sistem tanam tegal (kontrol). Setiap petak kemudian dibagi menjadi 5 sub petak sebagai ulangan (1 titik di setiap sudut petak dan 1 titik di tengah-tengah petak). Setiap petakan kemudian diamati gejala, kejadian, dan keparahan penyakit. Padi yang menunjukkan gejala blas kemudian di bawa ke Laboratorium Fitopatologi BBPOPT untuk diidentifikasi secara morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala blas padi yang ditemukan berupa bercak coklat belah ketupat dengan tepi runcing. Pada bagian tengah bercak berwarna abu-abu dan warna coklat dan sedikit orange di bagian tepi bercak. Adapun persentasi kejadian dan keparahan penyakit berturut-turut sebesar 43.33-46.50% dan 26-28% dengan kategori serangan sedang. Identifikasi secara morfologi menunjukkan bahwa penyebab penyakit blas padi pada kombinasi pola tanam SRI dan jajar legowo adalah Pyricularia grisea yang dicirikan dengan konidia berbentuk oval, agak runcing dibagian ujung, memiliki 2 sampai 3 sekat, dan ujung pangkal konidia tumpul.