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Journal articles on the topic 'Pyridine. Heterocyclic chemistry'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Boyd, Derek R., Narain D. Sharma, Ludmila V. Modyanova, et al. "Dioxygenase-catalyzed cis-dihydroxylation of pyridine-ring systems." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 6 (2002): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-062.

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Toluene dioxygenase-catalyzed dihydroxylation, in the carbocyclic rings of quinoline, 2-chloroquinoline, 2-methoxyquinoline, and 3-bromoquinoline, was found to yield the corresponding enantiopure cis-5,6- and -7,8-dihy dro diol metabolites using whole cells of Pseudomonas putida UV4. cis-Dihydroxylation at the 3,4-bond of 2-chloroquino line, 2-methoxyquinoline, and 2-quinolone was also found to yield the heterocyclic cis-dihydrodiol metabolite, (+)-cis-(3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone. Heterocyclic cis-dihydrodiol metabolites, resulting from dihydroxylation at the 5,6- and 3,4-bon

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2

Hafez, Hend N., and Abdel-Rahman B. A. El-Gazzar. "Synthesis of Novel Pyridine Bearing Biologically Active Imidiazolyl, Pyrazolyl, Oxa/thiadiazolyl and Urea Derivatives as Promising Anticancer Agents." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 1 (2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666191223163225.

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Background: A novel series of pyridine containing 1,3,4-oxa/thiadiazol derivatives 4a,b, pyrazole derivatives 5-7, thiazole derivatives 9a,b and 17a-c, urea derivatives 12a-c, imidiazole derivative 16, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives 18a, b, tetrazole 19, pyrane 20 and pyridine derivatives 21 has been synthesized. Objective: This research aims to synthesize 6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] amino nicotinohydrazide 2 and 6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino pyridin-3-carboaldhyde 15 as key intermediate for the synthesis of novel pyridine derivatives bearing

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3

Monier, Mohamed, Doaa Abdel-Latif, Ahmed El-Mekabaty, Başak D. Mert, and Khaled M. Elattar. "Advances in the Chemistry of 6-6 Bicyclic Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidines." Current Organic Synthesis 16, no. 6 (2019): 812–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666190704113647.

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The aim of this work is to discuss the chemistry of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as one of the most important heterocyclic compounds with remarkable synthetic, biological and medical applications. In this overview, the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds incorporated the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as demonstrated by chemical reactions and different preparation processes. The anticipated compounds were synthesized from pyridine or pyrimidine compounds and a description of the reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon and nitrogen atoms is discussed. On the other hand, the synthesis a

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4

Li, Dongli, Panpan Wu, Ning Sun, et al. "The Diversity of Heterocyclic N-oxide Molecules: Highlights on their Potential in Organic Synthesis, Catalysis and Drug Applications." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 5 (2019): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190408095257.

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The synthesis and chemistry of heterocyclic N-oxide derivatives such as those from pyridine and indazole are very well-known due to their usefulness as versatile synthetic intermediates and their biological importance. These classes of organic compounds have been demonstrated in many interesting and amazing functionalities, particularly vital in the areas including metal complexes formation, catalysts design, asymmetric catalysis and synthesis, and medicinal applications (some potent N-oxide compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activity, etc.). Therefore, the heterocycli

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5

Zakirova, Gladis G., Dmitrii Yu Mladentsev, and Nataliya N. Borisova. "An Approach to Nonsymmetric Bis(tertiary phosphine oxides) Comprising Heterocyclic Fragments via the Pd-Catalyzed Phosphorylation." Synlett 31, no. 18 (2020): 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1706419.

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Nonsymmetric tertiary phosphine oxides with different five- and six-membered heterocyclic fragments such as pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenantroline, quinoline, imidazole, and thiazole were synthesized in good yields via the successive introduction of phosphine oxide groups into the initial dihalogenated heterocycles by means of Pd-catalyzed phosphorylation reaction. The synthesis of pyridine-type compounds is hindered by competing double coupling, while for five-membered heterocycles the principal difficulty is the dehalogenation. Both side processes were successfully suppressed by the u

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6

Mercer, Frank W., and Martin T. McKenzie. "Dielectric and thermal characterization of fluorinated polyimides containing heterocyclic moieties." High Performance Polymers 5, no. 2 (1993): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/5/2/002.

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A series of fluorinated polyinides and fluorinated polyimides containing heterocyclic moieties were prepared and investigated to determine their dielectric constants, dielectric constants as a function of relative humidity (RH) and thermal properties. Thle fluorinated polyimides containing heterocyclic moieties were prepared from diamines containing pyridine, pyridazine, oxadiazole or benzoxazole moieties. The properties of the fluorinated heterocyclic-containing polyimides were compared with those of fluorinated polyimides prepared from aromatic diamines. In most cases, the introduction of he

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7

Abdel Hafez, Ali A., Ibrahim M. A. Awad, and Raga A. Ahmed. "New Heterocyclo-Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 5 (1993): 1198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931198.

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In this investigation and in continuance with our previous work in the synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds fused with pyridine moiety, we used 3-amino-4,6-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (II) as starting material to synthesize many heterocyclic compounds containing pyrazolopyridine moiety.

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8

Khalifa, Mohamed E., and Adel A. Gobouri. "Biological screening and assessment of certain substituted monoazo heterocycles containing sulphur and / or nitrogen and their seleno like moieties." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 4 (2017): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0064.

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Abstract The monoazo substituted five membered heterocycles, along with their seleno like moieties are still of interest in organic chemistry due to their medicinal and valuable applications. In continuation of our interest in the study of heterocyclic azo compounds containing sulphur and / or nitrogen heteroatoms, the synthesis of 5-aryl mono azo-thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl-thiophene along with their seleno like derivatives of pyridine, pyridazine and quinolone, were accomplished. All the synthesized compounds were in vitro screening of their antioxidant activity, antitumor activity against Ehrlich

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9

Mohareb, R. M., and S. M. Fahmy. "Reaction of Malononitrile and Ethyl Cyanoacetate: a Novel Synthesis of Polyfunctional Pyridine Derivatives." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 11 (1985): 1537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-1120.

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Malononitrile reacts with ethyl cyanoacetate to give a polyfunctional substituted pyridine derivative 5. The latter compound reacts with aniline, hydrazines and aromatic aldehydes to give condensated products. The active methylene of 5 couples with benzenediazonium chloride to give the phenylhydrazone derivative which cyclises readily to give a pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine derivative. 5 reacts with trichloroacetonitrile, and carbon disulphide to give fused heterocyclic derivatives.

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10

Xia, Liang, Yan Zhang, Jingbo Zhang, et al. "Identification of Novel Thiazolo[5,4-b]Pyridine Derivatives as Potent Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors." Molecules 25, no. 20 (2020): 4630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204630.

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A series of novel 2-pyridyl, 4-morpholinyl substituted thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine analogues have been designed and synthesized in this paper. These thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridines were efficiently prepared in seven steps from commercially available substances in moderate to good yields. All of these N-heterocyclic compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis and tested for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymatic assay. The results indicated that these N-heterocyclic compounds showed potent PI3K inhibitory activity, and the IC50

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11

Mohareb, R. M., and S. M. Fahmy. "Activated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Novel Synthesis of Pyridazine, Pyrimidine, Pyridine and Pyrano[4,3-b]pyridine Derivatives." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 5 (1985): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0518.

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Abstract Diethyl-3-amino-2-cyano-2-pentendioate (1) reacts with aromatic amines and aminohetero-cyclic compounds to yield amide derivatives (2 c-h). The latter derivatives were utilised in synthesis of pyridazines (4a, b), pyrimidine (6), pyridone (9) and pyrano[4,3-b]pyridine (16a, b) derivatives via reaction with aryldiazonium chloride, trichloroacetonitrile, sodiummethoxide and cinnamonitrile derivatives, respectively.

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12

Gad-Elkareem, Mohamed A. M., Azza M. Abdel-Fattah, and Mohamed A. A. Elneairy. "Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine in heterocyclic synthesis: synthesis of new pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, imidazo[1',2':1,5]pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, and pyrido[2',3':3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 9 (2007): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-089.

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Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives 7 and 9 were synthesized via the reaction of 3-amino-1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine derivative 2 with ω-bromoacetophenones. Reaction of 7 and 9 with Ac2O afforded the imidazo[1',2':1,5]py razolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivative 8 and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivative 10, respectively. Reaction of 2 with chloroacetonitrile followed by DMF-DMA gave imidazo[1',2':1,5]pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 4 and 5, respectively. Acetyl acetone and 1,1-dicyano-2,2-dimethylthioethene were reacted with 2 to afford the pyrido[2',3':3,4]pyrazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidines 11 and 14, respectively.

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13

Xu, Xiaowen, Richard Hoogenboom, and Kristof Van Hecke. "Crystal structures of three N-(pyridine-2-carbonyl)pyridine-2-carboxamides as potential ligands for supramolecular chemistry." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, no. 9 (2021): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989021008562.

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The synthesis and single-crystal X-ray structures of three N-(pyridine-2-carbonyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide imides, with or without F atoms on the 3-position of the pyridine rings are reported, namely, N-(pyridine-2-carbonyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide, C12H9N3O2 (1), N-(3-fluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide, C12H8FN3O2 (2), and 3-fluoro-N-(3-fluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide, C12H7F2N3O2 (3). The above-mentioned compounds were synthesized by a mild, general procedure with an excellent yield, providing straightforward access to symmetrical and/or asymmetrical heterocyclic u

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14

Su, Biyun, Yifan Hou, Li Wang та ін. "The Syntheses, Characterization and Crystal Structures of a Series of Heterocyclic β-Diketones and Their Isoxazole Compounds". Current Organic Synthesis 16, № 8 (2020): 1174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666191022113022.

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Background: In the field of coordination chemistry, the introduction of heterocyclic substituents into the structure of β-diketone enables ligand to produce multiple coordination sites. The adoption of small steric oxime group into the structure of heterocyclic β-diketone by Schiff-base condensation will further increase coordination sites and facilitate the generation of polynuclear structures. Objective: A series of β-diketones (2a-2c) containing different heterocycles such as pyridine, thiophene and furan and their corresponding isoxazole compounds (3a-3c) were synthesized. Materials and Me

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15

Mohammadi, Samaneh, Mehdi Pordel, Sadegh Allameh, and Hamed Chegini. "Synthesis of New Dyes from Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine: Tautomerism, Spectroscopic Characterisation, DFT/TD-DFT Calculations, Atoms in Molecules Analyses and Antibacterial Activities." Journal of Chemical Research 41, no. 3 (2017): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751917x14873588907684.

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The synthesis, optical properties, theoretical calculations and antibacterial activity of a series of new heterocyclic dyes from imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine are described. The key intermediate 2-[3-(hydroxyimino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2(3H)-ylidene]malononitrile was obtained via the nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in 3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with malononitrile in basic methanol solution. Tautomerism, oxidation and alkylation studies on the dye led to the synthesis of new heterocyclic indigo-coloured, purple, and orange dyes in good yields. The structures of all newly synthesised compound

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16

Watson, AA, DA House, and PJ Steel. "Chiral Heterocyclic Ligands. VIII. Syntheses and Complexes of New Chelating Ligands Derived From Camphor." Australian Journal of Chemistry 48, no. 9 (1995): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9951549.

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The syntheses of 23 new chelating ligands are described. Most of these ligands are derived from the chiral pyrazole (1) which has been linked to a variety of heterocycles , namely pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, isoxazole , benzimidazole, thiophen and furan. In certain cases the parent achiral analogues have also been prepared. Preliminary studies of the coordination chemistry of these ligands with selected transition metals have been carried out. The X-ray crystal structures of palladium complexes of isoxazole- and thiophen-containing ligands have also been determined.

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17

Agamy, Samia Michel, Mervat Mohammed Abdel-Khalik, Mona Hassan Mohamed, and Mohammed Hilmy Elnagdi. "Enaminones as Building Blocks In Heterocyclic Synthesis: A New One Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctional Substituted Pyridines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, no. 10 (2001): 1074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-1016.

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Enaminones react with a variety of active methyl and methylene reagents in presence of ammonium acetate to yield functionally substituted pyridines in good yields. The reaction proceeded via initial Michael addition across the double bond followed by cyclization. The reaction of enaminone with aromatic aldehyde in acetic acid/ammonium acetate afforded the dihydropyridine that was oxidized to the corresponding pyridine.

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18

Singh, Rashmi, Tomas Horsten, Rashmi Prakash, Swapan Dey, and Wim Dehaen. "Application of the Meerwein reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone to a metal-free synthesis of benzofuropyridine analogues." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (April 30, 2021): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.79.

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Several new heterocyclic systems based on a hydroxybenzofuro[2,3-b]pyridine building block were prepared. This benzofuropyridine is easily available from the Meerwein reaction of benzoquinone and a heterocyclic diazonium salt, followed by reduction and cyclization. Electrophilic substitution and further condensations give polycyclic systems, including oxazolo- and chromeno-fused analogues.

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19

Amr, Abd El-Galil E., Ashraf M. Mohamed, and Alhussein A. Ibrahim. "Synthesis of Some New Chiral Tricyclic and Macrocyclic Pyridine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 9 (2003): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0908.

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A series of chiral macrocyclic pyridines has been prepared starting from N2,N2-(pyridine- 2,6-dicarbonyl)diamino acid hydrazides (2a-c) and N,N-bis-(1-carboxy-2-substituted)-2,6- diaminocarbonyl)pyridines (3a,b). The coupling of (2a-c) with 2,6-pyridine dicarbonyldichloride (4) gave the compounds (5a-c). Compounds 2a-c were coupled with 2,6-diacetylpyridine (6) to yield compounds (7a-c) and with heterocyclic aldehydes (8) or (10) to give the compounds (9a-c) or (11a-c). In addition, the hydrazides (2a-c) were reacted with diformylcalix[4]arene 12 to afford the macrocyclic calix[4]arene hydrazo

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20

Naziruddin, Abbas Raja, Chen-Shiang Lee, Wan-Jung Lin, et al. "Platinum complexes bearing normal and mesoionic N-heterocyclic carbene based pincer ligands: syntheses, structures, and photo-functional attributes." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 13 (2016): 5848–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04770f.

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21

Poormirzaei, Nazanin, Mehdi Pordel, Elnaz Yaghoobi, Saeed Shojaee, Masoud Aminiyanfar, and Atoosa Gonabadi. "3-(Hydroxyimino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2(3H)-ylidene)-1-arylethanones as new red heterocyclic dyes: Synthesis, spectral studies, quantum-chemical investigations, and antibacterial activities." Journal of Chemical Research 44, no. 3-4 (2019): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519819893060.

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The synthesis, optical properties, theoretical calculations, and antibacterial activities of a series of new red heterocyclic dyes derived from imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine are presented. 3-(Hydroxyimino)imidazo[1,2- a]pyridin-2(3 H)-ylidene)-1-arylethanones are obtained from the reaction of 3-nitroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine with substituted acetophenone derivatives in good yields (65%–72%). The structures are confirmed by spectral and analytical data, and the optical properties of the dyes are characterized by spectrophotometry. Density functional theory calculations are performed to provide the opti

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22

Zhu, Yan-Qiu, Rui Zhang, Wei Sang, et al. "Ligand-controlled palladium catalysis enables switch between mono- and di-arylation of primary aromatic amines with 2-halobenzothiazoles." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 15 (2020): 1981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo00361a.

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23

Węcławski, Marek K., Irena Deperasińska, Arkadiusz Leniak, Marzena Banasiewicz, Bolesław Kozankiewicz та Daniel T. Gryko. "Unexpected formation of π-expanded isoquinoline from anthracene possessing four electron-donating groups via the Duff reaction". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, № 29 (2016): 7046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob00981f.

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24

Agbodan, Kokou Agbékonyi, Oudjaniyobi Simalou, Gneiny Whad Tchani, and Koffi Jondo. "Etude de l’influence de la basicité sur l’enthalpie de réaction des sels N-méthoxycarbonyl-(oxy)-pyridiniums." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (2020): 1489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.26.

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Les hétérocycles sont importants, aussi bien dans les domaines biologique, médicinal et thérapeutique (vitamines, hormones, antibiotiques, etc), que dans le secteur industriel et technologique (inhibiteurs de corrosion, colorants, agents stabilisants, pesticides, herbicides. Les chloroformiates ou chlorocarbonates sont les esters dérivés de l’acide chloroformique. La chimie des N-oxydes hétérocycliques (pyridine et N-oxydes) a connu un important développement au cours des dernières années. L’objectif principal du présent travail est l’étude de l’action du métoxycarbonylchloride sur la pyridine

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25

Deeb, Ali, Medhat El-Mobayed, Abdel Naby Essawy, Adel Abd El-Hamid, and Atef Mohamid Abd El-Hamid. "Heterocyclic synthesis from 3-amino-4-cyanopyrazole." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 3 (1990): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900728.

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3-Amino-4-cyanopyrazole I reacts with hydroxylamine and with hydrazine to yield 1H,6H-3-aminopyrazolo[3,4-c]pyrazole (III and IV). Diazotized IV couples with 2-naphthol to give the arylazo derivative VI which cyclizes to 9H-naphthol[2,1-e]pyrazolo[3',4':3,4]pyrazolo[5,1-c]-[1,2,4]triazine VII by means of acetic acid. The pyrazol-5-ylthiourea obtained from I and phenyl isothiocyanate undergoes base-catalyzed cyclization to give pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinethione derivative IX. Compound I reacts with cyclohexane in the presence of zinc chloride to give the tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline derivat

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26

Bracher, Franz. "Dimethylformamide Acetals and Bredereck’s Reagent as Building Blocks in Natural Products Total Synthesis." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2020): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x16666181204122143.

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Dimethylformamide acetals and Bredereck’s reagent (tert-butoxy-bis(dimethylamino) methane) are versatile C1 building blocks due to their ability to undergo condensation reactions with CH-acidic methyl and methylene moieties. Subsequent modulation of the resulting condensation products enables the preparation of open-chain products like aldehydes, ketones, enones, enol ethers, methyl groups, and, most important in alkaloid total synthesis, the annulation of heterocyclic rings like pyridines, pyridine-N-oxides, bromopyridines, aminopyridines, aminopyrimidines, pyrroles and chromenones. In certai

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27

Abdelhamid, Abdou O., and Sobhi M. Gomha. "Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, Triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine Derivatives, and Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine Derivatives from Sodium 3-(5-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-olate." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/327095.

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Condensation of sodium 3-oxo-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-1-olate (2) with several heterocyclic amines, cyanoacetamide, cyanothioacetamide, and 2-cyanoacetohydrazide gives pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (5a–d), pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (9), benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (10), [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (11), and pyridine derivatives (12–14). Also, thieno[2,3-b]pyridines (15–18) were synthesized via pyridinethione (13) withα-halo ketones andα-halo ester. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, spectral data, alternat

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28

Palacios, Laura, Andrea Di Giuseppe, Ricardo Castarlenas, Fernando J. Lahoz, Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente, and Luis A. Oro. "Pyridine versus acetonitrile coordination in rhodium–N-heterocyclic carbene square-planar complexes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 12 (2015): 5777–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00182j.

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Experimental and theoretical studies on the factors that control the coordination chemistry of N-donor ligands in square-planar complexes of the type RhCl(NHC)L<sup>1</sup>L<sup>2</sup> (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) are presented.

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29

Akishina, E. A., and Е. А. Dikusar. "Chemical modification of different compounds with nitrogen-containing heterocycles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 57, no. 3 (2021): 356–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2021-57-3-356-384.

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Heterocyclic compounds have an extremely important practical application, since many heterocycles are the basis of the most valuable medicinal substances, both natural (vitamins, enzymes, alkaloids, etc.) and synthetic biologically active compounds. The work mainly considers the most relevant directions for various purposes drugs search by modifying known bioactive natural, organoelement and framework compounds with 1,2-azole, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrimidine heterocycles over the past 10 years. Chemical modification makes it possible to increase the water solubili

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30

Rostek, Charles J., Horng-Jau Lin, David J. Sikora, Alan R. Katritzky, Wojciech Kuzmierkiewicz, and Navayath Shobana. "Novel Sulfur Vulcanization Accelerators Based on Mercapto-Pyridine, -Pyrazine, and -Pyrimidine." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 69, no. 2 (1996): 180–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538364.

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Abstract Sulfur vulcanization accelerators derived from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) have been a staple for the rubber processing industry for over 65 years. Most noteworthy are the sulfenamide derivatives, which provide various combinations of scorch delay and cure rate, depending upon the basicity and steric nature of the sulfenamide N-substituent(s). While the effect of the amine moiety on benzothiazole sulfenamide accelerator performance has been well documented, the effect of the S-linked heterocyclic moiety of the sulfenamide has been investigated to a much lesser extent. Thus, to gain

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31

Mahajan, Bharat Kumar, Navneet Kumar, Rohit Chauhan, Vimal Chandra Srivastava, and Siddhant Gulati. "Mechanistic evaluation of heterocyclic aromatic compounds mineralization by a Cu doped ZnO photo-catalyst." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 18, no. 6 (2019): 1540–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00580j.

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32

Riener, Korbinian, Alexander Pöthig, Mirza Cokoja, Wolfgang A. Herrmann, and Fritz E. Kühn. "Structure and spectroscopic properties of the dimeric copper(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex [Cu2(CNCt-Bu)2](PF6)2." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 8 (2015): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615012140.

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In recent years, the use of copper N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes has expanded to fields besides catalysis, namely medicinal chemistry and luminescence applications. In the latter case, multinuclear copper NHC compounds have attracted interest, however, the number of these complexes in the literature is still quite limited. Bis[μ-1,3-bis(3-tert-butylimidazolin-2-yliden-1-yl)pyridine]-1κ4C2,N:N,C2′;2κ4C2,N:N,C2′-dicopper(I) bis(hexafluoridophosphate), [Cu2(C19H25N5)2](PF6)2, is a dimeric copper(I) complex bridged by two CNC,i.e.bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)pyridine, ligands. Each CuIatom

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33

Bisagni, Emile, Marilys Rautureau, Martine Croisy-Delcey, and Christiane Huel. "Nouvelle synthèse de chloro-1 méthyl-5 isoquinoléines fusionnées à divers systèmes aromatiques par leur liaison [g]." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 9 (1987): 2027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-337.

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Lithiation of 4-acetyl 2-chloro pyridine ethylene glycol ketal by exchange with lithium diisopropylamine (LDA) led to 4-acetyl 2-chloro 3-lithio pyridine ethylene glycol ketal. This lithio derivative was reacted with aromatic aldehydes giving the expected alcohols, which were reduced by triethylsilane and trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature. The resulting 4-acetyl 3-arylmethyl 2-chloro pyridine ethylene glycol ketals were hydrolysed and cyclized in acidic medium, leading to polycondensed heterocyclic systems that have a 1-chloro 5-methyl isoquinoline nucleus fused by its [g] bond to the s

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34

Ito, Hajime. "Copper-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative borylation: new pathway to optically active heterocyclic compounds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 4 (2018): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0912.

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AbstractChiralN-heterocyclic organoboronates represent promising intermediates for the preparation of various bioactive and pharmaceutical compounds. We recently reported the first asymmetric dearomative borylation of indoles by copper-catalyzed borylation. Then we further developed dearomatization/enantioselective borylation sequence. Chiral 3-boryl-tetrahydropyridines and chiral boryl-tetrahydroquinolines via the copper(I)-catalyzed regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective borylation of 1,2-dihydropyridines and 1,2-dihydroquinilines, which were prepared by the partial reduction of the corresp

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35

Rubino, Simona, Rosa Alduina, Patrizia Cancemi, et al. "Mononuclear Perfluoroalkyl-Heterocyclic Complexes of Pd(II): Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity." Molecules 25, no. 19 (2020): 4487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194487.

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Two mononuclear Pd(II) complexes [PdCl2(pfptp)] (1) and [PdCl2(pfhtp)] (2), with ligands 2-(3-perfluoropropyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfptp) and 2-(3-perfluoroheptyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfhtp), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The two complexes showed a bidentate coordination of the ligand occurring through N atom of pyridine ring and N4 atom of 1,2,4-triazole. Both complexes showed antimicrobial activity when tested against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.

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36

S. Ibrahim, Nadia, Mona Hassan Mohamed, Nadia Sobhy Ibrahim, and Mohamed Hilmy Elnagdi. "Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of Some New Pyridine, Pyridazine, and Pyrimidine Derivatives." HETEROCYCLES 26, no. 4 (1987): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/r-1987-04-0899.

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37

Burstein, Christian, Christian W. Lehmann, and Frank Glorius. "Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-ylidenes—pyridine derived N-heterocyclic carbene ligands." Tetrahedron 61, no. 26 (2005): 6207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.115.

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38

Nikookar, Hamideh, Setareh Moghimi, Mohammad Hosein Sayahi, et al. "A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3-b]pyridines Via Three-component Reaction." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 5 (2018): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180524110635.

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Aim and Objective: The importance of Chromeno[4,3-b]pyridines in bioactive compounds, highlighted the ongoing research on developing novel methods for the construction of this heterocyclic scaffold. Regarding the advantageous features of multi-component reactions in organic synthesis, we will try to synthesize pyridocoumarins through this method. Materials and Methods: Chromeno[4,3-b]pyridines were conveniently prepared from a threecomponent condensation reaction between 4-hydroxy coumarin, ammonia and ethyl 2,4-dioxo-4- arylbutanoates in refluxing n-propanol. The synthesized compounds were ch

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39

Fang, Ming, and Bin Zhao. "Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 35, no. 2 (2015): 81–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2014-0009.

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AbstractThe last few years have seen an increasing interest in the study of lanthanide-silver (Ln-Ag) heterometallic coordination polymers due to their potential applications. It has led to intense activity of chemists to produce Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers and investigate their properties. In this review, we summarize recent research development in the fascinating and challenging field of Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers. This review covers 182 Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers, which are categorized by the kind of ligand as N-heterocyclic carboxylate ligands

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40

Stiborová, Marie, and Sylva Leblová. "Effect of heterocyclic compounds and 2-mercaptoethanol on rape alcohol dehydrogenase." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 8 (1987): 2107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872107.

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Rape alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is inhibited by heterocyclic compounds with a five- to six-membered ring (imidazole, pyrazole, 4-methylpyrazole, 3-methylpyrazole, pyridine, nicotine amide) and by o-phenanthroline, a heterocyclic, polycyclic compound. Pyrazole and its derivatives, imidazole and pyridine, are competitive inhibitors with respect to ethanol. Nicotine amide and o-phenanthroline behave as mixed inhibitors (competitive – noncompetitive) with respect to the substrate. The addition of Zn2+-ions to the reaction medium interferes with the competition by o-phenanthroline. 4-Methylpyrazol

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41

Fahmy, Sherif Mahmoud, and Rafat Milad Mohareb. "Activated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Novel Synthesis of Pyridine and Pyridazine Derivatives." Synthesis 1985, no. 12 (1985): 1135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1985-31451.

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42

Ilkin, Vladimir, Vera Berseneva, Tetyana Beryozkina, et al. "Regioselective synthesis of heterocyclic N-sulfonyl amidines from heteroaromatic thioamides and sulfonyl azides." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (December 1, 2020): 2937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.243.

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N-Sulfonyl amidines bearing 1,2,3-triazole, isoxazole, thiazole and pyridine substituents were successfully prepared for the first time by reactions of primary, secondary and tertiary heterocyclic thioamides with alkyl- and arylsulfonyl azides. For each type of thioamides a reliable procedure to prepare N-sulfonyl amidines in good yields was found. Reactions of 1-aryl-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbothioamides with azides were shown to be accompanied with a Dimroth rearrangement to form 1-unsubstituted 5-arylamino-1,2,3-triazole-4-N-sulfonylcarbimidamides. 2,5-Dithiocarbamoylpyridine reacts with sulfony

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43

Kassaee, M. Z., M. R. Momeni, F. A. Shakib, and M. Ghambarian. "Pyridine derived N-heterocyclic germylenes: A density functional perspective." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 695, no. 5 (2010): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.12.013.

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44

Sharma, Nidhi, Sanjeev Kumar, Sangit Kumar, S. K. Mehta, and K. K. Bhasin. "Synthesis and characterization of fused imidazole heterocyclic selenoesters and their application for chemical detoxification of HgCl2." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 4 (2018): 2702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03908e.

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45

McKinnon, David M., Perry Spevack, and Graham Tipples. "Conversion of some azaheterocyclic-acetic esters and -acetonitriles into fused heterocycles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 9 (1988): 2339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-370.

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Various heterocyclic acetic esters and nitriles of the pyridine, thiazole, and imidazole series react with 3-methylthio-4-phenyl-1,2-dithiolium perchlorate to form fused pyridinethiones or dithiolylidene esters. These esters or nitriles also react with trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride to form fused isothiazoles.

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46

Karpov, Sergey, Arthur Grigor’ev, Yakov Kayukov, Iuliia Gracheva, and Victor Tafeenko. "Cascade Regioselective Heterocyclization of 2-Acyl-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine and Pyrrolo[3,4-d]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine Derivatives." Synlett 28, no. 13 (2017): 1592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588823.

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2-Acyl-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides (ATCN) undergo cascade heterocyclization under the action of aliphatic thiols, resulting in the formation of 6-(alkylthio)-4-amino-1-aryl(alkyl)-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-7-carbonitriles. The involvement of methyl mercaptoacetate to this reaction leads to the formation of the methyl 4,8-diamino-1-aryl-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxylates, containing a new fused heterocyclic scaffold.

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47

Tahir, Tehreem, Muhammad Ashfaq, Muhammad Saleem, et al. "Pyridine Scaffolds, Phenols and Derivatives of Azo Moiety: Current Therapeutic Perspectives." Molecules 26, no. 16 (2021): 4872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164872.

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Synthetic heterocyclic compounds have incredible potential against different diseases; pyridines, phenolic compounds and the derivatives of azo moiety have shown excellent antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-melanogenic, anti-ulcer, anticancer, anti-mycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, DNA binding and chemosensing activities. In the present review, the above-mentioned activities of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (pyridines), hydroxyl (phenols) and azo derivatives are discussed with reference to the minimum inhibitory concentration and structure–activity relationship, whic

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48

Wiley, Richard H. "Pyridine/acetic anhydride initiated polymerization of some heterocyclic acids." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25, no. 2 (1987): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250226.

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49

Bognár, Balázs, Györgyi Úr, Cecília Sár, Olga H. Hankovszky, Kálmán Hideg, and Tamás Kálai. "Synthesis and Application of Stable Nitroxide Free Radicals Fused with Carbocycles and Heterocycles." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 4 (2019): 480–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190318163321.

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Stable nitroxide free radicals have traditionally been associated with 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) or its 4-substituted derivatives as relatively inexpensive and readily accessible compounds with limited possibilities for further chemical modification. Over the past two decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in stable free radicals with proper functionalization tuned for various applications. The objective of this review is to present recent results with synthetic methodologies to achieve stable nitroxide free radicals fused with aromatic carbocycles and heterocycle

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50

Kim, Jiyun, Hyungwoo Hahm, Ji Yeon Ryu, et al. "Pyridine-Chelated Imidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine N-Heterocyclic Carbene Nickel(II) Complexes for Acrylate Synthesis from Ethylene and CO2." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070758.

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Nickel(II) dichloride complexes with a pyridine-chelated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene py-ImPy ligand were developed as novel catalyst precursors for acrylate synthesis reaction from ethylene and carbon dioxide (CO2), a highly promising sustainable process in terms of carbon capture and utilization (CCU). Two types of ImPy salts were prepared as new C,N-bidentate ligand precursors; py-ImPy salts (3, 4a–4e) having a pyridine group at C(5) on ImPy and a N-picolyl-ImPy salt (10) having a picolyl group at N atom on ImPy. Nickel(II) complexes such as py-ImPyNi(II)Cl2 (7, 8a–8e) and N-picolyl-ImPy

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