Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pyridosin

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pyridosin'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pyridosin"

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Sullivan, DW, RC Peterson, CV Mujer, and SC Gad. "A 7-day intravenous toxicity study and neurotoxicity assessment of pyridorin in Sprague-Dawley rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 7 (August 9, 2016): 718–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116661023.

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Pyridorin®, a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin B6 that inhibits and scavenges reactive oxygen species, is being developed as a potential therapeutic for acute kidney injury. An investigational new drug application (IND) was opened for Pyridorin in support of its ongoing oral drug clinical development program. Currently, a Pyridorin intravenous (IV) formulation is being developed for use in surgical patients. To support the IND for Pyridorin, a full battery of nonclinical Good Laboratory Practice compliant studies was performed with no neurological or behavioral signs of toxicity seen following oral or IV administration of pyridoxine dihydrochloride (the active ingredient in Pyridorin). However, excessive ingestion of vitamin B6 has been reported to cause neurotoxic syndrome in humans. Therefore, under Food and Drug Administration recommendation, a 7-day IV study in rats was conducted to further evaluate the drug’s potential to cause neurotoxicity. Blood plasma samples indicated that exposure to pyridoxamine dihydrochloride and its metabolites, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and 4-pyridoxic acid was linearly dose proportional and independent of gender. At doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day pyridoxine dihydrochloride, no treatment-related effects were seen in rats, providing further evidence for the absence of pyridoxine dihydrochloride-related changes in the nervous system. A no observed adverse effect level of 200 mg/kg/day was identified for this study.
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Obeid, Rima, Juergen Geisel, and Wilfred A. Nix. "4-Pyridoxic Acid/Pyridoxine Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes is Related to Global Cardiovascular Risk Scores." Diagnostics 9, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9010028.

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Background: Vascular diseases are multifactorial and several risk factors may have synergetic effect on the global vascular risk. Among patients with diabetes, we investigated whether vitamin B6 species differ according to global cardiovascular risk. Methods: The present observational study included 122 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean (SD) age = 69.9 (9.1) years; 50% men). Concentrations of vitamin B6 vitamers were measured. Classical blood biomarkers and risk factors were used to compute a multivariate risk score. Results: Plasma concentrations of 4-pyridoxic acid were higher in patients with high risk versus those with low risk scores (48.2 (63.7) vs. 31.9 (15.0) nmol/L; p = 0.031). Plasma pyridoxine was significantly lowered in patients at high risk (2.8 (28.4) vs. 38.1 (127.8) nmol/L; p = 0.003). PAr index (4-pyridoxic acid/pyridoxal + pyridoxal 5′-phosphate) (1.05 (0.07) vs. 0.84 (0.06); p = 0.017) and the ratio of 4-pyridoxic acid/pyridoxine (7.0 (4.8) vs. 3.9 (3.2); p < 0.001) were higher in patients at high risk. After adjustment for cystatin C and C-reactive protein, only pyridoxine and 4-pyridoxic acid/pyridoxine ratio remained significantly different according to vascular risk scores. 4-Pyridoxic acid/pyridoxine ratio was the best marker to discriminate between patients according to their risk scores—area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) = 0.72 (0.62–0.81). 4-Pyridoxic acid/pyridoxine ratio was directly related to plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Conclusion: Vitamin B6 metabolism was shifted in patients with multiple vascular risk factors. The catabolism to 4-pyridoxic acid was enhanced, whereas the catabolism to pyridoxine was lowered. High 4-Pyridoxic acid/pyridoxine ratio is independently associated with global cardiovascular risk.
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BEYNON, Robert J., Deborah M. LEYLAND, Richard P. EVERSHED, Richard H. T. EDWARDS, and Stephen P. COBURN. "Measurement of the turnover of glycogen phosphorylase by GC/MS using stable isotope derivatives of pyridoxine (vitamin B6)." Biochemical Journal 317, no. 2 (July 15, 1996): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3170613.

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The majority of vitamin B6 in the body is in skeletal muscle, bound as the cofactor pyridoxal 5´-phosphate to one abundant protein, glycogen phosphorylase. Previous work has established that radiolabelled vitamin B6 can be used as a turnover label for glycogen phosphorylase. In this study, a stable isotope derivative of pyridoxine {dideuterated pyridoxine; 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[hydroxymethyl-2H2]-2-methylpyridine} ([2H2]PN) has been used as a metabolic tracer to study the kinetics of labelling of the body pools of vitamin B6 in mice. A non-invasive method was developed in which the isotope abundance of the urinary excretory product of vitamin B6 metabolism, 4-pyridoxic acid, was analysed by GC/MS. The change in isotope abundance of urinary 4-pyridoxic acid following administration of [2H2]PN reflects the kinetics of labelling of the body pools of vitamin B6, and yields, non-invasively, the rate of degradation of glycogen phosphorylase.
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Knights, T. E. N., R. R. Grandhi, and S. K. Baidoo. "Interactive effects of selection for lower backfat and dietary pyridoxine levels on reproduction, and nutrient metabolism during the gestation period in Yorkshire and Hampshire sows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-116.

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of selection for lower backfat over six generations, and two dietary supplemental pyridoxine levels (1.0 vs. 15.0 ppm) on sow reproductive performance and nutrient metabolism in second-parity Yorkshire and Hampshire sows. Feeding increased pyridoxine at 16.0 vs. 2.6 ppm from day of weaning through gestation did not improve (P > 0.05) the sow reproductive performance in experiment 1 (N = 32) or 2 (N = 66). In exp. 2, feeding increased pyridoxine reduced the weaning to estrus interval (4.6 vs. 5.7 d, P = 0.11). It also increased the average daily apparent retention of nitrogen during gestation in both experiments 1 (17.2 vs. 7.8 g, P = 0.11) and 2 (10.5 vs. 5.0 g, P = 0.10). Sows fed increased pyridoxine had higher (P < 0.01) plasma pyridoxal and pyridoxic acid levels throughout the gestation period. The overall results indicate that increased dietary pyridoxine tended to have a positive influence on sow weaning to estrus interval and nitrogen metabolism, and it also tended to have a positive influence on litter size only in Yorkshire select line of sows. Key words: Breed, line, sows, pyridoxine, reproduction, metabolism
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Edwards, P., P. K. Liu, and G. A. Rose. "A simple liquid-chromatographic method for measuring vitamin B6 compounds in plasma." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.2.241.

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Abstract This relatively simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring all seven known forms of vitamin B6 in plasma from individuals supplemented with pyridoxine hydrochloride shows good analytical recovery (85-98%) and precision. Within-run and between-run CVs for plasmas supplemented with standards were 4% and 7%, respectively. The major forms of B6 found in unsupplemented plasma from normal subjects were pyridoxal phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid, with pyridoxal just detectable. The HPLC procedure correlated well (r = 0.94) with a modification of an enzymatic method involving apotryptophanase (Anal Biochem 1972;45:567-76) for measuring plasma pyridoxal phosphate, and also (r = 0.94) with a routine method for determining 4-pyridoxic acid in urine (Clin Chem 1964;10:479-89). Elimination of pyridoxine from the plasma of both normal and hyperoxaluric individuals was shown to be very rapid, with half-lives (t1/2) of 45 and 40 min, respectively. Finally, we present evidence for the existence of two other forms of B6 and discuss the possibility of a new metabolic pathway in vitamin B6 metabolism.
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Clement, Boylan, Miller, Driskell, Giraud, and Subih. "Vitamin B-6 Vitamer Levels in Plasma and Related Symptoms in Hemodialysis Subjects Taking low- and High-Dose Renal Multivitamin Supplements." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000102.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the B-6 vitamers in plasma and related symptoms in hemodialysis subjects taking high- or low-dose vitamins. Methods: A total of 24 hemodialysis (HD) subjects were divided into two groups. Twelve subjects received a high-dose vitamin supplement [50 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN-HCl) /tablet] and 12 received a low-dose vitamin supplements containing (10 mg PN-HCl/tablet) for 6+ months. Plasma B-6 vitamers were analyzed using HPLC. Other data were obtained from subjects’ medical records. Subjects were assessed for vitamin B-6 related symptoms. Cluster analysis was used to form symptom groups. Student t-tests and analysis of variance were used to determine differences (p < 0.05) in group means. Results: The mean ±SD plasma B-6 vitamer and 4-pyridoxic acid concentrations (nmol/L) were as follows in the 10-mg and 50-mg PN-HCl groups, respectively: pyridoxal- 5’-phosphate (PLP) 10 ± 3 and 16 ± 8 (p = 0.04); pyridoxal (PL) 50 ± 96 and 68 ± 06; pyridoxine (PN) 26 ± 50 and 191 ± 107; and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) 43 ± 64 and 99 ± 361. The cluster group with a significantly higher (p = 0.04) plasma 4-PA concentration of 167 ± 697 nmol/L reported more tingling hands, tachycardia, and diarrhea. Conclusion: Plasma PLP levels and symptoms related to B-6 in HD subjects are impacted by dose of PN-HCl.
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Coburn, Stephen, Joel Stauffer, Kimberley Grobien, Beomjin Kim, and Douglas Townsend. "A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Vitamin B-6 Metabolism in the Mouse Incorporated With Visualization of Complex Compartmental Models." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab059_008.

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Abstract Objectives To develop a compartmental model which describes vitamin B-6 metabolism in the blood and tissues of the mouse under a variety of circumstances and to develop a computer application which can utilize the data to display the movement of tracer through the various compartments. Methods A circulation model was developed. Literature data from vitamin B-6 feeding studies and tracer experiments were used to develop an appropriate compartmental model using the SAAM II program (The Epsilon Group, Charlottesville, VA). A web-based application transforms the mass and flux data into intuitive and interactive graphical illustrations. Results Describing the interconversions between pyridoxine, pyridoxine 5’-phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid in multiple tissues required 231 compartments. The largest amount of data deals with liver and brain. The model includes less detailed information on plasma, erythrocytes, gut, bone, muscle, heart, kidney, skin, adipose tissue and lung. The model includes adjustments to food intake, water intake, cardiac output, binding sites and Vmax values for enzymes based on the specified body weight of experimental animals. We did not include growth curves at this time. The model uses two parallel systems to monitor the steady state of endogenous metabolites as well as following tracer administration. Binding mechanisms are included to provide conservation of vitamin B-6 when intake is reduced. The model provides reasonable agreement with literature data on various vitamin B-6 intakes as well as oral and intravenous administration of tracer. It also reveals some areas which need clarification. For example, we have not found any detailed analysis of vitamin B-6 metabolites in mouse urine. There is little pyridoxic acid in plasma or urine suggesting that pyridoxic acid may not be the primary end product for vitamin B-6 in the mouse. The visualization application shows changes in the content of all 231 compartments over time illustrating the value of such computer applications in the interpretation of large, complex models. Conclusions This model facilitates the simulation of various dietary and physiological conditions on vitamin B-6 metabolism in mice. We hope to adapt it to rats, pigs and humans. Funding Sources Purdue University Fort Wayne.
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Tabarki, B., and F. Thabet. "Dépression électrocérébrale prolongée après administration orale de pyridoxine pour des convulsions pyridoxino-dépendantes." Archives de Pédiatrie 17, no. 2 (February 2010): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2009.11.006.

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Sharma, Pankaja, Soo Min Han, Nicola Gillies, Eric B. Thorstensen, Michael Goy, Matthew P. G. Barnett, Nicole C. Roy, David Cameron-Smith, and Amber M. Milan. "Circulatory and Urinary B-Vitamin Responses to Multivitamin Supplement Ingestion Differ between Older and Younger Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113529.

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Multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplements are frequently used amongst older populations to improve adequacy of micronutrients, including B-vitamins, but evidence for improved health outcomes are limited and deficiencies remain prevalent. Although this may indicate poor efficacy of supplements, this could also suggest the possibility for altered B-vitamin bioavailability and metabolism in older people. This open-label, single-arm acute parallel study, conducted at the Liggins Institute Clinical Research Unit in Auckland, compared circulatory and urinary B-vitamer responses to MVM supplementation in older (70.1 ± 2.7 y, n = 10 male, n = 10 female) compared to younger (24.2 ± 2.8 y, n = 10 male, n = 10 female) participants for 4 h after the ingestion of a single dose of a commercial MVM supplement and standardized breakfast. Older adults had a lower area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial plasma pyridoxine (p = 0.02) and pyridoxal-5′phosphate (p = 0.03) forms of vitamin B6 but greater 4-pyridoxic acid AUC (p = 0.009). Urinary pyridoxine and pyridoxal excretion were higher in younger females than in older females (time × age × sex interaction, p < 0.05). Older adults had a greater AUC increase in plasma thiamine (p = 0.01), riboflavin (p = 0.009), and pantothenic acid (p = 0.027). In older adults, there was decreased plasma responsiveness of the ingested (pyridoxine) and active (pyridoxal-5′phosphate) forms of vitamin B6, which indicated a previously undescribed alteration in either absorption or subsequent metabolic interconversion. While these findings cannot determine whether acute B6 responsiveness is adequate, this difference may have potential implications for B6 function in older adults. Although this may imply higher B vitamin substrate requirements for older people, further work is required to understand the implications of postprandial differences in availability.
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Thomson, Petra, and Kateřina Ládová. "Pyridoxine use in children with epilepsy: a pharmacist's point of view." Praktické lékárenství 12, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/lek.2016.056.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyridosin"

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Nechyba, Ondřej. "Zavedení metody stanovení pyridoxinu kapalinovou chromatografií v potravinářských výrobcích a surovinách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216458.

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This master‘s thesis deals with quantification of vitamin B6 in beverages, food supplements and raw materials in food industry. The literature retrieval part summarizes general information about vitamines, vitamine B6, nicotine acid and vitamine B1. Further on in this part there is described principle of high pressure liquid chromatography and quantification of individual vitamines. In the experimental there are listed used tools, apparatus and chemicals. There is described preparation of idividual samples of food supplements, energy drinks, multivitamine drinks, beers and brewer’s malts. This chapter also contains information about chromatographic separatory systems Shimadzu and SpectraSystem. The quantification was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reverse phase with gradient elution and two ways of detection, fluorescent and spectrofotmetric. The result of experimental activities and vitamine content in analysed samples are presented in the next chapter. In the final contains summarization of results obtained in experimental part. The maser’s thesis was measured in the laboratory of Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology.
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Krause, René. "Untersuchungen zur Bildung von Furosin und N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1111838972095-91003.

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Furosin entsteht bei der Salzsäurehydrolyse aus den Amadori-Produkten des Lysins und wird als Marker für den Fortschritt der frühen Maillard-Reaktion, zur Beurteilung von lebensmitteltechnologischen Prozessen sowie zur Berechnung des verfügbaren und des nicht verfügbaren Lysins in Lebensmitteln verwendet. Für die Nutzung von Furosin als Qualitätsparameter ist die reproduzierbare und konstante Bildung während der Salzsäurehydrolyse entscheidend. Dies wird in der Literatur jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit galt es deshalb, die molaren Ausbeuten an Furosin und den weiteren Hydrolyseprodukten Lysin, Pyridosin und N[epsilon]-Carboxymethyl-lysin zu bestimmen und damit eine sichere Interpretation der Ergebnisse zu ermöglichen. Dazu wurden peptid-gebundene Amadori-Produkte des N[alpha]-Hippuryl-lysins in chromatographisch reiner Form dargestellt. Weiterhin wurden N[alpha]-Hippuryl-N[epsilon]-carboxymethyl-lysin und Pyridosin als Standard gewonnen. Bei den Hydrolyseexperimenten zeigten die Fructosyl-Amadori-Produkte ein ähnliches Verhalten. Nach Hydrolyse mit 6M Salzsäure wurden molare Ausbeuten an Furosin von 32% für Fructosyl-lysin und jeweils 34% für Lactulosyl- und Maltulosyl-lysin bestimmt. Signifikant höhere Ausbeuten an Furosin waren nach Hydrolyse mit 8M Salzsäure festzustellen, 46% für Fructosyl-lysin, 50% für Lactulosyl-lysin und 51% für Maltulosyl-lysin. Im Gegensatz zu den Fructosyl-Derivaten war die molare Ausbeute an Furosin bei Tagatosyl-lysin unabhängig von der verwendeten Salzsäurekonzentration (6 bis 8M) und wurde zu 42% bestimmt. Anhand der auf Basis der molaren Ausbeuten ermittelten Überführungsfaktoren kann nun erstmals die Lysin-Derivatisierung mittels der Analytik von Furosin sicher bestimmt werden. Das ermöglicht exakte Aussagen zum Fortschritt nichtenzymatischer Glykierungsreaktionen sowohl in Lebensmittel als auch in vivo. Aufgrund der Relevanz für biologische Systeme und für Lebensmittel wurden weiterhin Reaktionen von alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen mit kurzkettigen Peptiden und dem Protein Insulin unter physiologischen Bedingungen (pH=7,4 und 37°C) untersucht. Bei der Reaktion von Glyoxal mit ausgewählten Tripeptiden wurde eine sehr schnelle Derivatisierung der Peptide und jeweils die gleichzeitige Bildung eines definierten Produktes festgestellt. Mittels nuklearmagnetischer Resonanzspektroskopie und massenspektroskopischer Analyse konnten die Produkte zweifelsfrei, jeweils als die am N-Terminus durch einen 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Ring modifizierten Peptide, aufgeklärt werden. Das Hauptprodukt der Reaktion von Methylglyoxal mit dem Peptid Gly-Ala-Phe wurde ebenfalls als 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Peptid aufgeklärt. Nach Inkubation von Insulin mit Glyoxal unter physiologischen Bedingungen in verdünnter Lösung konnte weiterhin gezeigt werden, dass die 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung ebenfalls an einem Protein erfolgt. Die identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinone weisen charakteristische UV-Absorptions- sowie Fluoreszenz-Spektren auf. Um die Reaktivität des N-Terminus und damit die Bedeutung der 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung beurteilen zu können, wurden vergleichende Studien mit dem als Hauptreaktionspartner für alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen angesehenen Arginin durchgeführt. Bei diesen Experimenten zeigte der N-Terminus und peptidgebundenes Arginin eine nahezu identische Reaktivität. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse ist fest davon auszugehen, dass es sich bei den identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen um eine neue Klasse von sogenannten Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) mit Bedeutung in physiologischen Systemen und in Lebensmitteln handelt.
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Krause, René. "Untersuchungen zur Bildung von Furosin und N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24472.

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Furosin entsteht bei der Salzsäurehydrolyse aus den Amadori-Produkten des Lysins und wird als Marker für den Fortschritt der frühen Maillard-Reaktion, zur Beurteilung von lebensmitteltechnologischen Prozessen sowie zur Berechnung des verfügbaren und des nicht verfügbaren Lysins in Lebensmitteln verwendet. Für die Nutzung von Furosin als Qualitätsparameter ist die reproduzierbare und konstante Bildung während der Salzsäurehydrolyse entscheidend. Dies wird in der Literatur jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit galt es deshalb, die molaren Ausbeuten an Furosin und den weiteren Hydrolyseprodukten Lysin, Pyridosin und N[epsilon]-Carboxymethyl-lysin zu bestimmen und damit eine sichere Interpretation der Ergebnisse zu ermöglichen. Dazu wurden peptid-gebundene Amadori-Produkte des N[alpha]-Hippuryl-lysins in chromatographisch reiner Form dargestellt. Weiterhin wurden N[alpha]-Hippuryl-N[epsilon]-carboxymethyl-lysin und Pyridosin als Standard gewonnen. Bei den Hydrolyseexperimenten zeigten die Fructosyl-Amadori-Produkte ein ähnliches Verhalten. Nach Hydrolyse mit 6M Salzsäure wurden molare Ausbeuten an Furosin von 32% für Fructosyl-lysin und jeweils 34% für Lactulosyl- und Maltulosyl-lysin bestimmt. Signifikant höhere Ausbeuten an Furosin waren nach Hydrolyse mit 8M Salzsäure festzustellen, 46% für Fructosyl-lysin, 50% für Lactulosyl-lysin und 51% für Maltulosyl-lysin. Im Gegensatz zu den Fructosyl-Derivaten war die molare Ausbeute an Furosin bei Tagatosyl-lysin unabhängig von der verwendeten Salzsäurekonzentration (6 bis 8M) und wurde zu 42% bestimmt. Anhand der auf Basis der molaren Ausbeuten ermittelten Überführungsfaktoren kann nun erstmals die Lysin-Derivatisierung mittels der Analytik von Furosin sicher bestimmt werden. Das ermöglicht exakte Aussagen zum Fortschritt nichtenzymatischer Glykierungsreaktionen sowohl in Lebensmittel als auch in vivo. Aufgrund der Relevanz für biologische Systeme und für Lebensmittel wurden weiterhin Reaktionen von alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen mit kurzkettigen Peptiden und dem Protein Insulin unter physiologischen Bedingungen (pH=7,4 und 37°C) untersucht. Bei der Reaktion von Glyoxal mit ausgewählten Tripeptiden wurde eine sehr schnelle Derivatisierung der Peptide und jeweils die gleichzeitige Bildung eines definierten Produktes festgestellt. Mittels nuklearmagnetischer Resonanzspektroskopie und massenspektroskopischer Analyse konnten die Produkte zweifelsfrei, jeweils als die am N-Terminus durch einen 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Ring modifizierten Peptide, aufgeklärt werden. Das Hauptprodukt der Reaktion von Methylglyoxal mit dem Peptid Gly-Ala-Phe wurde ebenfalls als 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Peptid aufgeklärt. Nach Inkubation von Insulin mit Glyoxal unter physiologischen Bedingungen in verdünnter Lösung konnte weiterhin gezeigt werden, dass die 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung ebenfalls an einem Protein erfolgt. Die identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinone weisen charakteristische UV-Absorptions- sowie Fluoreszenz-Spektren auf. Um die Reaktivität des N-Terminus und damit die Bedeutung der 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung beurteilen zu können, wurden vergleichende Studien mit dem als Hauptreaktionspartner für alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen angesehenen Arginin durchgeführt. Bei diesen Experimenten zeigte der N-Terminus und peptidgebundenes Arginin eine nahezu identische Reaktivität. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse ist fest davon auszugehen, dass es sich bei den identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen um eine neue Klasse von sogenannten Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) mit Bedeutung in physiologischen Systemen und in Lebensmitteln handelt.
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Seifert, Steffen. "Synthese und Komplexbildungseigenschaften ausgewählter Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1232923513056-87374.

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Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als Pharmakon
Several studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical
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Steininger, Harald. "2-Pyridon-katalysierte Esteraminolyse." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-31997.

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Seifert, Steffen. "Synthese und Komplexbildungseigenschaften ausgewählter Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23758.

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Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als Pharmakon.
Several studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical.
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Lee, Jasmine. "The design and preparation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate analogues." Thesis, Abertay University, 2002. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2576be85-8cca-4f11-89ab-f1159fa57f94.

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Grosche, Philipp. "Kombinatorische Festphasensynthese von Pyrazolen, Pyrazolylheteroarylen, Pyrazoloarylen, Pyridinen und Pyridonen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963189522.

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Garrido, Franco Marta. "Structural and functional studies of pyridoxine 5'-phostate synthase from e.coli." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3469.

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El piridoxal 5'-fosfato es la forma biocatalíticamente activa de la vitamina B6, siendo uno de los cofactores más versátiles de la naturaleza, el cuál tiene un papel central en el metabolismo de aminoácidos. Mientras que la mayoria de microorganismos y plantas pueden sintetizar la vitamina B6 de novo, los mamíferos se ven obligados a obtener uno de sus vitámeros a través de la dieta. La maquinaria biosintética de Escherichia coli es, de lejos, la mejor caracterizada y consiste en cuatro proteínas pdx. PdxJ, también conocida como piridoxina 5'-fosfato sintasa, es la enzima clave en esta via. Cataliza el último paso, la complicada reacción de cierre del anillo entre 1-deoxi-D-xilulosa-5-fosfato y aminoacetona-3-fosfato para formar piridoxina 5'-fosfato. La comparación de secuencias de PdxJ entre espécies revela que existe un alto grado de conservación indicando así la enorme importancia fisiológica de esta enzima.
Con el uso de un derivado de mercurio fue posible el resolver la estructura cristalina de la enzima de E. coli por el método del "single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering" y el refinar la estructura a 2.0 Å de resolución. El monómero corresponde al plegamiento TIM o barril (_/_)8, con la incorporación de tres hélices extra que median los contactos entre intersubunidades en el octámero. El octámero representa el estado fisiológicamente relevante, que fué observado tanto en el cristal como en solución, y que esta organizado como un tetrámero de dímeros activos. La caracterización de la estructura cristalográfica de la enzima con sustratos, análogos de sustrato y productos unidos permitió la identificación del centro activo y la propuesta de un mecanismo detallado. Los rasgos catalíticos más remarcables son: (1) el cierre del centro activo una vez se han unido los sustratos, de manera que el bolsillo de unión queda aislado del solvente y los intermediarios de la reacción quedan así estabilizados; (2) la existencia de dos sitios de unión de fosfato bien definidos; (3) y un canal de agua que penetra el núcleo del barril _ y permite liberar las moléculas de agua formadas durante la reacción.
La cantidad de información presentada debería permitir el diseño de inhibidores de la piridoxina 5'-fosfato sintasa basados en su estructura. Es interesante el destacar que entre las bacterias que contienen el gen pdxJ se encuentran unos cuantos patógenos bien conocidos. La resistencia de bacterias contra antibióticos está aumentando cada vez más, hecho que se está convirtiendo en un auténtico problema. Por este motivo, es necesario el desarrollar medicamentos antibacterianos con un alto grado de especificidad y la piridoxina 5'-fosfato sintasa parece ser una diana muy prometedora.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is the biocatalytically active form of vitamin B6, being one of nature's most versatile cofactors that plays a central role in the metabolism of amino acids. Whereas microorganisms and plants can synthetise vitamin B6 de novo, mammals have to obtain one of the B6 vitamers with their diet. The Escherichia coli biosynthetic machinery is the, by far, best characterised and it consists in four pdx proteins. PdxJ, also referred to as pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase, is the key enzyme in this pathway. It catalyses the last step, the complicated ring-closure reaction between 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate and aminoacetone-3-phosphate yielding pyridoxine 5'-phosphate. Sequence comparison of PdxJ from different species revealed a remarkable high degree of conservation indicating the paramount physiological importance of this enzyme.
With the use of one mercury heavy-atom derivative, it was possible to solve the crystal structure of the E. coli enzyme by the single isomorphous replacement method with anomalous scattering and to refine the structure at 2.0 Å resolution. The monomer folds as a TIM or (_/_)8 barrel, with the incorporation of three extra helices that mediate intersubunits contacts within the octamer. The octamer represents the physiological relevant state that was observed in the crystal and in solution, and that is organised as a tetramer of active dimers. Characterisation of the enzyme crystal structure with bound substrates, substrate analogues, and products allowed the identification of the active site and the proposal of a detailed reaction mechanism. The most important catalytic features are: (1) active site closure upon substrate binding, in order to isolate the specificity pocket from the solvent und thus stabilise the reaction intermediates; (2) the existence of two well-defined phosphate binding sites; (3) and a water channel that penetrates the _ barrel core and allows the release of waters in the closed state.
The amount of information here presented should permit the structure-based design of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase inhibitors. Interestingly, among bacteria that contain the pdxJ gene there are several well-known pathogens. More and more, the bacterial resistance against antibiotics is increasing and therefore becoming a real problem. Thus, it is necessary the development of highly specific antibacterial drugs and pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase seems to be a promising novel target.
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Fedorovich, Yuri. "PYRIDOXINE EFFECT ON NERVE CONDUCTION AND CELL DEATH IN EMBRYONIC CHICK." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1329.

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The role that sensory feedback plays in the proper assembly of the sensorimotor system during early stages of development is not fully understood. Fortunately, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has been shown to elicit detrimental effects that are specific to only large diameter sensory neurons in adult humans, dogs, cats (Pearson et al. 2003), rats (Helgren et al. 1997), guinea pigs (Xu et al. 1989), and developing chicken embryos when administered at high dosages (Sharp & Bekoff 2001; Fedorovich & Sharp 2010). The specificity of vitamin B6 was examined in this study as a potential tool for eliminating a specific type of sensory neuron during the development of the sensorimotor system. I used electrophysiological stimulation of the proximal end of N. Ischiadicus while recording from either the distal end of N. Ischiadicus or the short branch of Ramus medialis in eleven and thirteen day old (E11 and E13, respectively) chicken embryo to test the hypothesis that pyridoxine lesion impairs signal propagation in the large diameter sensory axons. Additionally, I used a histological technique to test if pyridoxine specifically eliminated the affected neurons via an apoptotic pathway. Recordings from the short branch of Ramus medialis were first characterized to determine the optimal parameters for nerve stimulations. We found that a one millisecond stimulus duration with a twenty seconds inter-stimulus interval and a current intensity smaller then 300 µA was sufficient to examine the changes in the compound action potential (CAP) after the lesion. Subsequent to pyridoxine overdose on E7 and E8, examination of CAPs recorded from the N. Ischiadicus has shown a significant decrease in the amplitude of trough one when data were normalized to peak one in E11 embryos. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the amplitude of trough one and a decreasing trend in the amplitude of peak one when the data were normalized to peak two in the E13 embryos. These findings suggest that pyridoxine overdose at E7 and E8 impairs the propagation of action potentials in large diameter axons in the developing embryo by at least E11. In addition, further examination of CAPs has shown a significant increase in peak one velocity and the peak one onset velocity (t-test, p<0.05) when comparing between E11 and E13 control groups. Since myelination greatly contributes to the velocity of potential propagation in the axon, these data suggest that myelination is continuing during this time period of development and likely contributes to the changes seen when examining the effects of pyridoxine in E11 and E13 embryos. Histological examination of the third lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion in nine day old chicken embryo using TUNEL revealed a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells between control and treated groups, suggesting that pyridoxine has either eliminated type Ia sensory neurons, including those normally undergoing programmed cell death at E9, by 48 hours of the initial treatment or that pyridoxine has delayed the normal process of programmed cell death to a later stage of development.
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Books on the topic "Pyridosin"

1

Torshin, Ivan Y. Magnesium and pyridoxine: Fundamental studies and clinical practice. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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1941-, Leklem James E., and Reynolds Robert D. 1943-, eds. Clinical and physiological applications of vitamin B-6: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Vitamin B-6, held in Goslar-Hahnenklee, Germany, August 24-28, 1987. New York: Liss, 1988.

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1943-, Reynolds Robert D., and Leklem James E. 1941-, eds. Vitamin B-6: Its role in health and disease : proceedings of a Conference on Vitamin B-6 Nutrition and Metabolism, held at the Banff Conference Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada, October 8-10, 1984. New York: Liss, 1985.

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Gaby, Alan. B6, the natural healer. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Pub., 1987.

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1945-, Korpela Timo, Christen Philipp 1937-, and International Union of Biochemistry, eds. Biochemistry of vitamin B6: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Chemical and Biological Aspects of Vitamin B6 Catalysis, held in Turku, Finland, June 22-26, 1987. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1987.

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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0010.

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Vitamin B6 is required for the activity of a large number of enzymes with varied essential functions. Along with other B vitamins, it is involved in the metabolism of homocysteine to cysteine; if this reaction is disrupted, blood homocysteine levels rise, along with increased risks for cardiovascular disease, neuropsychiatric problems, and other adverse effects. Elevated homocysteine in pregnancy it is associated with anaemia, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and low birthweight. Vitamin B6 deficiency can also affect fetal brain development, as well as weight gain and linear growth in infancy. Although vitamin B6 is widely available in foods, mild to moderate deficiency is still common, even in developed countries. A #amp;#x2018;Mediterranean-style#amp;#x2019; diet is recommended to supply sufficient amounts of vitamin B6. In individuals with an adequate and balanced diet and healthy lifestyle, supplementation is generally unnecessary.
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1928-, Dakshinamurti Krishnamurti, New York Academy of Sciences., and International Multidisciplinary Conference on Vitamin B6 (1989 : Philadelphia, Pa.), eds. Vitamin B6. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1990.

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Yoon, Soon Ah Kang. RELATIONSHIP OF PYRIDOXINE SUPPLEMENTATION TO THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF MOTHERS AND THEIR BREASTFED INFANTS. 1991.

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Sindihebura-Ruhumba, Pascaline. Effect of controlled vitamin B-6 intake and pyridoxine supplementation on B-6 status of smokers. 1999.

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Chemistry and Metabolism of 4' - Deoxypyridoxine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pyridosin"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Pyridoxine." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 463. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8681.

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Kennedy, Ashleigh, and Tammi H. Schaeffer. "Pyridoxine." In Critical Care Toxicology, 2963–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_174.

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Kennedy, Ashleigh, and Tammi Schaeffer. "Pyridoxine." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_174-1.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Pyridoxine Glycyrrhetinate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 463. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8686.

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Dakshinamurti, Krishnamurti, S. K. Sharma, and K. J. Lal. "Pyridoxine Deficiency." In Animal Models of Neurological Disease, II, 299–327. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-211-6:299.

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Braun-Falco, Markus, Henry J. Mankin, Sharon L. Wenger, Markus Braun-Falco, Stephan DiSean Kendall, Gerard C. Blobe, Christoph K. Weber, et al. "Pyridoxine Deficiency." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1792–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_1514.

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Braun-Falco, Markus, Henry J. Mankin, Sharon L. Wenger, Markus Braun-Falco, Stephan DiSean Kendall, Gerard C. Blobe, Christoph K. Weber, et al. "Pyridoxine Excess." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1794–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_1515.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Pyridoxine Dicaprylate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 463. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8682.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Pyridoxine Dilaurate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 463. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8683.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Pyridoxine Dioctenoate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 463. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8684.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pyridosin"

1

Alonso, Elena, José Alonso, and Iker León. "THE ROTATIONAL STUDY OF THE VITAMINE B6 FORM PYRIDOXINE." In 73rd International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2018.tk12.

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Yang, Hui, Xue Xiao, Xuesong Zhao, Lan Hu, Caofang Lv, and Zhangkun Yin. "Study on fluorescence spectra of thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine." In Seventh International Symposium on Precision Mechanical Measurements, edited by Liandong Yu. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2211248.

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Hermann, Katharina, Jessika Johannsen, Katja Kloth, and Jonas Denecke. "Late Diagnosis of Pyridoxine-dependent Epilepsy due to a PROSC-mutation with Whole-exome-Sequencing and Natural History without Administration of Pyridoxine until Adolescence." In Abstracts of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuropediatrics. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698223.

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Kalle, Sigrid, Risto Tanner, Jurgen Arund, Ruth Tomson, and Ivo Fridolin. "Optical measurement of 4-pyridoxic acid in the spent dialysate: Algorithm Development." In 2016 15th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bec.2016.7743742.

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"Steroids Production of Embryogenic Callus Cultures of Date Palm under the Effect of Vitamins (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Nicotinic acid) Thiamine Hydrochloride and Myo- Insitol." In By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-17.

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Huang, Joyce Y., Lesley M. Butler, Øivind Midttun, Per M. Ueland, Woon-Puay Koh, Yu-Tang Gao, and Jian-Min Yuan. "Abstract 4297: Serum B6 vitamers (pyridoxal-5’-phosphate, pyridoxal, and 4’-pyridoxic acid) and pancreatic cancer risk: Two nested case-control studies in Asian populations." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4297.

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"Effect of Vitamins (pyridoxine and nicotinic acid), Thiamine-Hcl and Myo-Inositol at Different Concentrations on Free Amino Acids and Indoles Content of Embryogeinic Callus of in vitro Date Oalm (Sakkoty and Bartamuda Cultivar)." In By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-20.

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