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1
Nechyba, Ondřej. "Zavedení metody stanovení pyridoxinu kapalinovou chromatografií v potravinářských výrobcích a surovinách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216458.
Full textAbstract:
This master‘s thesis deals with quantification of vitamin B6 in beverages, food supplements and raw materials in food industry. The literature retrieval part summarizes general information about vitamines, vitamine B6, nicotine acid and vitamine B1. Further on in this part there is described principle of high pressure liquid chromatography and quantification of individual vitamines. In the experimental there are listed used tools, apparatus and chemicals. There is described preparation of idividual samples of food supplements, energy drinks, multivitamine drinks, beers and brewer’s malts. This chapter also contains information about chromatographic separatory systems Shimadzu and SpectraSystem. The quantification was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reverse phase with gradient elution and two ways of detection, fluorescent and spectrofotmetric. The result of experimental activities and vitamine content in analysed samples are presented in the next chapter. In the final contains summarization of results obtained in experimental part. The maser’s thesis was measured in the laboratory of Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology.
2
Krause, René. "Untersuchungen zur Bildung von Furosin und N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1111838972095-91003.
Full textAbstract:
Furosin entsteht bei der Salzsäurehydrolyse aus den Amadori-Produkten des Lysins und wird als Marker für den Fortschritt der frühen Maillard-Reaktion, zur Beurteilung von lebensmitteltechnologischen Prozessen sowie zur Berechnung des verfügbaren und des nicht verfügbaren Lysins in Lebensmitteln verwendet. Für die Nutzung von Furosin als Qualitätsparameter ist die reproduzierbare und konstante Bildung während der Salzsäurehydrolyse entscheidend. Dies wird in der Literatur jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit galt es deshalb, die molaren Ausbeuten an Furosin und den weiteren Hydrolyseprodukten Lysin, Pyridosin und N[epsilon]-Carboxymethyl-lysin zu bestimmen und damit eine sichere Interpretation der Ergebnisse zu ermöglichen. Dazu wurden peptid-gebundene Amadori-Produkte des N[alpha]-Hippuryl-lysins in chromatographisch reiner Form dargestellt. Weiterhin wurden N[alpha]-Hippuryl-N[epsilon]-carboxymethyl-lysin und Pyridosin als Standard gewonnen. Bei den Hydrolyseexperimenten zeigten die Fructosyl-Amadori-Produkte ein ähnliches Verhalten. Nach Hydrolyse mit 6M Salzsäure wurden molare Ausbeuten an Furosin von 32% für Fructosyl-lysin und jeweils 34% für Lactulosyl- und Maltulosyl-lysin bestimmt. Signifikant höhere Ausbeuten an Furosin waren nach Hydrolyse mit 8M Salzsäure festzustellen, 46% für Fructosyl-lysin, 50% für Lactulosyl-lysin und 51% für Maltulosyl-lysin. Im Gegensatz zu den Fructosyl-Derivaten war die molare Ausbeute an Furosin bei Tagatosyl-lysin unabhängig von der verwendeten Salzsäurekonzentration (6 bis 8M) und wurde zu 42% bestimmt. Anhand der auf Basis der molaren Ausbeuten ermittelten Überführungsfaktoren kann nun erstmals die Lysin-Derivatisierung mittels der Analytik von Furosin sicher bestimmt werden. Das ermöglicht exakte Aussagen zum Fortschritt nichtenzymatischer Glykierungsreaktionen sowohl in Lebensmittel als auch in vivo. Aufgrund der Relevanz für biologische Systeme und für Lebensmittel wurden weiterhin Reaktionen von alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen mit kurzkettigen Peptiden und dem Protein Insulin unter physiologischen Bedingungen (pH=7,4 und 37°C) untersucht. Bei der Reaktion von Glyoxal mit ausgewählten Tripeptiden wurde eine sehr schnelle Derivatisierung der Peptide und jeweils die gleichzeitige Bildung eines definierten Produktes festgestellt. Mittels nuklearmagnetischer Resonanzspektroskopie und massenspektroskopischer Analyse konnten die Produkte zweifelsfrei, jeweils als die am N-Terminus durch einen 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Ring modifizierten Peptide, aufgeklärt werden. Das Hauptprodukt der Reaktion von Methylglyoxal mit dem Peptid Gly-Ala-Phe wurde ebenfalls als 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Peptid aufgeklärt. Nach Inkubation von Insulin mit Glyoxal unter physiologischen Bedingungen in verdünnter Lösung konnte weiterhin gezeigt werden, dass die 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung ebenfalls an einem Protein erfolgt. Die identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinone weisen charakteristische UV-Absorptions- sowie Fluoreszenz-Spektren auf. Um die Reaktivität des N-Terminus und damit die Bedeutung der 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung beurteilen zu können, wurden vergleichende Studien mit dem als Hauptreaktionspartner für alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen angesehenen Arginin durchgeführt. Bei diesen Experimenten zeigte der N-Terminus und peptidgebundenes Arginin eine nahezu identische Reaktivität. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse ist fest davon auszugehen, dass es sich bei den identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen um eine neue Klasse von sogenannten Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) mit Bedeutung in physiologischen Systemen und in Lebensmitteln handelt.
3
Krause, René. "Untersuchungen zur Bildung von Furosin und N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24472.
Full textAbstract:
Furosin entsteht bei der Salzsäurehydrolyse aus den Amadori-Produkten des Lysins und wird als Marker für den Fortschritt der frühen Maillard-Reaktion, zur Beurteilung von lebensmitteltechnologischen Prozessen sowie zur Berechnung des verfügbaren und des nicht verfügbaren Lysins in Lebensmitteln verwendet. Für die Nutzung von Furosin als Qualitätsparameter ist die reproduzierbare und konstante Bildung während der Salzsäurehydrolyse entscheidend. Dies wird in der Literatur jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit galt es deshalb, die molaren Ausbeuten an Furosin und den weiteren Hydrolyseprodukten Lysin, Pyridosin und N[epsilon]-Carboxymethyl-lysin zu bestimmen und damit eine sichere Interpretation der Ergebnisse zu ermöglichen. Dazu wurden peptid-gebundene Amadori-Produkte des N[alpha]-Hippuryl-lysins in chromatographisch reiner Form dargestellt. Weiterhin wurden N[alpha]-Hippuryl-N[epsilon]-carboxymethyl-lysin und Pyridosin als Standard gewonnen. Bei den Hydrolyseexperimenten zeigten die Fructosyl-Amadori-Produkte ein ähnliches Verhalten. Nach Hydrolyse mit 6M Salzsäure wurden molare Ausbeuten an Furosin von 32% für Fructosyl-lysin und jeweils 34% für Lactulosyl- und Maltulosyl-lysin bestimmt. Signifikant höhere Ausbeuten an Furosin waren nach Hydrolyse mit 8M Salzsäure festzustellen, 46% für Fructosyl-lysin, 50% für Lactulosyl-lysin und 51% für Maltulosyl-lysin. Im Gegensatz zu den Fructosyl-Derivaten war die molare Ausbeute an Furosin bei Tagatosyl-lysin unabhängig von der verwendeten Salzsäurekonzentration (6 bis 8M) und wurde zu 42% bestimmt. Anhand der auf Basis der molaren Ausbeuten ermittelten Überführungsfaktoren kann nun erstmals die Lysin-Derivatisierung mittels der Analytik von Furosin sicher bestimmt werden. Das ermöglicht exakte Aussagen zum Fortschritt nichtenzymatischer Glykierungsreaktionen sowohl in Lebensmittel als auch in vivo. Aufgrund der Relevanz für biologische Systeme und für Lebensmittel wurden weiterhin Reaktionen von alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen mit kurzkettigen Peptiden und dem Protein Insulin unter physiologischen Bedingungen (pH=7,4 und 37°C) untersucht. Bei der Reaktion von Glyoxal mit ausgewählten Tripeptiden wurde eine sehr schnelle Derivatisierung der Peptide und jeweils die gleichzeitige Bildung eines definierten Produktes festgestellt. Mittels nuklearmagnetischer Resonanzspektroskopie und massenspektroskopischer Analyse konnten die Produkte zweifelsfrei, jeweils als die am N-Terminus durch einen 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Ring modifizierten Peptide, aufgeklärt werden. Das Hauptprodukt der Reaktion von Methylglyoxal mit dem Peptid Gly-Ala-Phe wurde ebenfalls als 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Peptid aufgeklärt. Nach Inkubation von Insulin mit Glyoxal unter physiologischen Bedingungen in verdünnter Lösung konnte weiterhin gezeigt werden, dass die 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung ebenfalls an einem Protein erfolgt. Die identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinone weisen charakteristische UV-Absorptions- sowie Fluoreszenz-Spektren auf. Um die Reaktivität des N-Terminus und damit die Bedeutung der 2(1H)-Pyrazinon-Bildung beurteilen zu können, wurden vergleichende Studien mit dem als Hauptreaktionspartner für alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen angesehenen Arginin durchgeführt. Bei diesen Experimenten zeigte der N-Terminus und peptidgebundenes Arginin eine nahezu identische Reaktivität. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse ist fest davon auszugehen, dass es sich bei den identifizierten N-terminalen 2(1H)-Pyrazinonen um eine neue Klasse von sogenannten Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) mit Bedeutung in physiologischen Systemen und in Lebensmitteln handelt.
4
Seifert, Steffen. "Synthese und Komplexbildungseigenschaften ausgewählter Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1232923513056-87374.
Full textAbstract:
Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als PharmakonSeveral studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical
5
Steininger, Harald. "2-Pyridon-katalysierte Esteraminolyse." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-31997.
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Seifert, Steffen. "Synthese und Komplexbildungseigenschaften ausgewählter Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23758.
Full textAbstract:
Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als Pharmakon.Several studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical.
7
Lee, Jasmine. "The design and preparation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate analogues." Thesis, Abertay University, 2002. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2576be85-8cca-4f11-89ab-f1159fa57f94.
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Grosche, Philipp. "Kombinatorische Festphasensynthese von Pyrazolen, Pyrazolylheteroarylen, Pyrazoloarylen, Pyridinen und Pyridonen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963189522.
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Garrido, Franco Marta. "Structural and functional studies of pyridoxine 5'-phostate synthase from e.coli." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3469.
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El piridoxal 5'-fosfato es la forma biocatalíticamente activa de la vitamina B6, siendo uno de los cofactores más versátiles de la naturaleza, el cuál tiene un papel central en el metabolismo de aminoácidos. Mientras que la mayoria de microorganismos y plantas pueden sintetizar la vitamina B6 de novo, los mamíferos se ven obligados a obtener uno de sus vitámeros a través de la dieta. La maquinaria biosintética de Escherichia coli es, de lejos, la mejor caracterizada y consiste en cuatro proteínas pdx. PdxJ, también conocida como piridoxina 5'-fosfato sintasa, es la enzima clave en esta via. Cataliza el último paso, la complicada reacción de cierre del anillo entre 1-deoxi-D-xilulosa-5-fosfato y aminoacetona-3-fosfato para formar piridoxina 5'-fosfato. La comparación de secuencias de PdxJ entre espécies revela que existe un alto grado de conservación indicando así la enorme importancia fisiológica de esta enzima.Con el uso de un derivado de mercurio fue posible el resolver la estructura cristalina de la enzima de E. coli por el método del "single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering" y el refinar la estructura a 2.0 Å de resolución. El monómero corresponde al plegamiento TIM o barril (_/_)8, con la incorporación de tres hélices extra que median los contactos entre intersubunidades en el octámero. El octámero representa el estado fisiológicamente relevante, que fué observado tanto en el cristal como en solución, y que esta organizado como un tetrámero de dímeros activos. La caracterización de la estructura cristalográfica de la enzima con sustratos, análogos de sustrato y productos unidos permitió la identificación del centro activo y la propuesta de un mecanismo detallado. Los rasgos catalíticos más remarcables son: (1) el cierre del centro activo una vez se han unido los sustratos, de manera que el bolsillo de unión queda aislado del solvente y los intermediarios de la reacción quedan así estabilizados; (2) la existencia de dos sitios de unión de fosfato bien definidos; (3) y un canal de agua que penetra el núcleo del barril _ y permite liberar las moléculas de agua formadas durante la reacción.
La cantidad de información presentada debería permitir el diseño de inhibidores de la piridoxina 5'-fosfato sintasa basados en su estructura. Es interesante el destacar que entre las bacterias que contienen el gen pdxJ se encuentran unos cuantos patógenos bien conocidos. La resistencia de bacterias contra antibióticos está aumentando cada vez más, hecho que se está convirtiendo en un auténtico problema. Por este motivo, es necesario el desarrollar medicamentos antibacterianos con un alto grado de especificidad y la piridoxina 5'-fosfato sintasa parece ser una diana muy prometedora.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is the biocatalytically active form of vitamin B6, being one of nature's most versatile cofactors that plays a central role in the metabolism of amino acids. Whereas microorganisms and plants can synthetise vitamin B6 de novo, mammals have to obtain one of the B6 vitamers with their diet. The Escherichia coli biosynthetic machinery is the, by far, best characterised and it consists in four pdx proteins. PdxJ, also referred to as pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase, is the key enzyme in this pathway. It catalyses the last step, the complicated ring-closure reaction between 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate and aminoacetone-3-phosphate yielding pyridoxine 5'-phosphate. Sequence comparison of PdxJ from different species revealed a remarkable high degree of conservation indicating the paramount physiological importance of this enzyme.
With the use of one mercury heavy-atom derivative, it was possible to solve the crystal structure of the E. coli enzyme by the single isomorphous replacement method with anomalous scattering and to refine the structure at 2.0 Å resolution. The monomer folds as a TIM or (_/_)8 barrel, with the incorporation of three extra helices that mediate intersubunits contacts within the octamer. The octamer represents the physiological relevant state that was observed in the crystal and in solution, and that is organised as a tetramer of active dimers. Characterisation of the enzyme crystal structure with bound substrates, substrate analogues, and products allowed the identification of the active site and the proposal of a detailed reaction mechanism. The most important catalytic features are: (1) active site closure upon substrate binding, in order to isolate the specificity pocket from the solvent und thus stabilise the reaction intermediates; (2) the existence of two well-defined phosphate binding sites; (3) and a water channel that penetrates the _ barrel core and allows the release of waters in the closed state.
The amount of information here presented should permit the structure-based design of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase inhibitors. Interestingly, among bacteria that contain the pdxJ gene there are several well-known pathogens. More and more, the bacterial resistance against antibiotics is increasing and therefore becoming a real problem. Thus, it is necessary the development of highly specific antibacterial drugs and pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase seems to be a promising novel target.
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Fedorovich, Yuri. "PYRIDOXINE EFFECT ON NERVE CONDUCTION AND CELL DEATH IN EMBRYONIC CHICK." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1329.
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The role that sensory feedback plays in the proper assembly of the sensorimotor system during early stages of development is not fully understood. Fortunately, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has been shown to elicit detrimental effects that are specific to only large diameter sensory neurons in adult humans, dogs, cats (Pearson et al. 2003), rats (Helgren et al. 1997), guinea pigs (Xu et al. 1989), and developing chicken embryos when administered at high dosages (Sharp & Bekoff 2001; Fedorovich & Sharp 2010). The specificity of vitamin B6 was examined in this study as a potential tool for eliminating a specific type of sensory neuron during the development of the sensorimotor system. I used electrophysiological stimulation of the proximal end of N. Ischiadicus while recording from either the distal end of N. Ischiadicus or the short branch of Ramus medialis in eleven and thirteen day old (E11 and E13, respectively) chicken embryo to test the hypothesis that pyridoxine lesion impairs signal propagation in the large diameter sensory axons. Additionally, I used a histological technique to test if pyridoxine specifically eliminated the affected neurons via an apoptotic pathway. Recordings from the short branch of Ramus medialis were first characterized to determine the optimal parameters for nerve stimulations. We found that a one millisecond stimulus duration with a twenty seconds inter-stimulus interval and a current intensity smaller then 300 µA was sufficient to examine the changes in the compound action potential (CAP) after the lesion. Subsequent to pyridoxine overdose on E7 and E8, examination of CAPs recorded from the N. Ischiadicus has shown a significant decrease in the amplitude of trough one when data were normalized to peak one in E11 embryos. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the amplitude of trough one and a decreasing trend in the amplitude of peak one when the data were normalized to peak two in the E13 embryos. These findings suggest that pyridoxine overdose at E7 and E8 impairs the propagation of action potentials in large diameter axons in the developing embryo by at least E11. In addition, further examination of CAPs has shown a significant increase in peak one velocity and the peak one onset velocity (t-test, p<0.05) when comparing between E11 and E13 control groups. Since myelination greatly contributes to the velocity of potential propagation in the axon, these data suggest that myelination is continuing during this time period of development and likely contributes to the changes seen when examining the effects of pyridoxine in E11 and E13 embryos. Histological examination of the third lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion in nine day old chicken embryo using TUNEL revealed a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells between control and treated groups, suggesting that pyridoxine has either eliminated type Ia sensory neurons, including those normally undergoing programmed cell death at E9, by 48 hours of the initial treatment or that pyridoxine has delayed the normal process of programmed cell death to a later stage of development.
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Xing, Huajing. "Impact of thiamine and pyridoxine on alcoholic fermentations of synthetic grape juice." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2007/h_xing_072607.pdf.
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Kapil, Aditya. "Transport and metabolism of pyridoxine and folic acid in the rat small intestine." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284168.
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Karve, Sayali. "Role of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase in metabolism and transfer of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2253.
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Deficiency of vitamin B6 due to mutations in key B6 metabolizing enzymes is suspected to contribute to several pathologies. Vitamin B6 in its active form, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) is a cofactor for over 140 known B6 requiring (or PLP-dependent) enzymes, that serve vital roles in many biochemical reactions. There are three primary vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM) and pyridoxal (PL) which are phosphorylated to pyridoxine 5’-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate (PMP) and PLP respectively. Pyridoxal kinase (PLK) and pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) are the key enzymes involved in both salvage and de novo pathways of PLP biosynthesis. Mutations in these enzymes are one of the most important causes of PLP deficiency, apart from dietary insufficiency of vitamin B6 and drug inhibition of PLK and PNPO. One of our objectives is to understand the molecular basis of reduced catalytic activity of PNPO in case of the R95C homozygous missense natural mutant, which leads to the PLP deficiency and the debilitating disease, neonatal epilepsy encephalopathy. Using site-directed mutagenesis, circular dichroism, enzyme kinetics and fluorescence spectroscopy, we have shown that the reduced enzymatic activity exhibited by PNPO R95C mutant is due to reduced binding affinity of the oxidase cofactor, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is required by the enzyme for oxidizing the inactive B6 vitamers into the active PLP. High concentrations of B6 are linked to neurotoxic effects, which can be attributed to the highly reactive aldehyde group of PLP which reacts with many nucleophiles in the cell. This reactivity is most likely why the in vivo concentration of “free” PLP is about 1 μM, raising the intriguing question of how the cell supplies sufficient PLP to meet the requirements of the numerous B6 dependent enzymes. Our second objective is to determine how despite the low in vivo concentration of free PLP, enough of this co-factor is made available to activate PLP-dependent enzymes. We have used affinity pull down assays, fluorescence polarization and enzyme kinetics to show that PNPO forms specific interactions with B6 enzymes with dissociation constants less than 1 µM. We also show that transfer of PLP from PNPO possibly occurs by compartimentalization or channeling. Although, channeling is a controversial subject, it offers an efficient, exclusive, and protected means of delivery of the highly reactive PLP. High concentrations of B6 are linked to neurotoxic effects, which can be attributed to the highly reactive aldehyde group of PLP which reacts with many nucleophiles in the cell. This reactivity is most likely why the in vivo concentration of “free” PLP is about 1 ?M, raising the intriguing question of how the cell supplies sufficient PLP to meet the requirements of the numerous B6 dependent enzymes. Our second objective is to determine how despite the low in vivo concentration of free PLP, enough of this co-factor is made available to activate PLP-dependent enzymes. We have used affinity pull down assays, fluorescence polarization and enzyme kinetics to show that PNPO forms specific interactions with B6 enzymes with dissociation constants less than 1 µM. We also show that transfer of PLP from PNPO possibly occurs by compartimentalization or channeling. Although, channeling is a controversial subject, it offers an efficient, exclusive, and protected means of delivery of the highly reactive PLP.
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Bishop, Gregory Mark. "Sensorimotor deficits after pyridoxine intoxication, kinematic and electrophysiological observations in a new animal model of deafferentation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34944.pdf.
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Gunesekera, Bhadra Manel. "Effect of dietary zinc or pyridoxine deficiency upon estrogen directed gene expression in the rat uterus." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39799.
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In the present study the effect of diets restricted in either zinc or pyridoxine upon estrogen directed gene expression in the mature rat uterus was tested. Sexually mature female rats were maintained on zinc-adequate (40 mg/kg diet) ad libitum or restricted-fed, pyridoxine-deficient, or zinc-deficient ( < 1 mg/kg diet or 3mg/kg diet) ad libitum-fed diets for 35 days. All animals were bilaterally ovariectomized and used for experimentation at 14 days post ovariectomy. On day 35 each rat was injected intraperitoneally with estrogen. They were killed at different times post injection and thymidine kinase (TK, EC 2.7.1.21) or creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) activity was assayed in uteri cytosol fractions. In addition the steady state level of ckb mRNA in uteri cytosol fractions was measured following estrogen administration.
The weight gain of the rats fed the low zinc and low pyridoxine diets was significantly lower than those fed the zinc-adequate diet ad libitum. The consumption of the zinc-deficient diet resulted in a significant decrease in plasma zinc while a pyridoxine deficient diet produced a significant reduction in plasma pyridoxine. Vehicle-injected uterine TK activity was 2-3 pmoles of d-TMP/min/mg protein. The TK activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) 42 h post estrogen injection on the zinc-adequate diet ad libitum and pair-wt fed rats. This activity was sustained at 48 h post injection prior to declining to control values within 60 h. The maximum (4-fold) increase occurred at 36 h post estrogen injection in pyridoxine-deficient rats which was sustained at 42 & 48 h. The increase in uterine TK activity was 3-fold at 42 hand 48 h post injection. However this increase was not significantly different from the peak value seen in zinc-adequate and pyridoxine-deficient diet fed rats. No measurable effect of estrogen on CK activity was observed on the zinc adequate or zinc-deficient diet fed rats using a coupled enzyme assay. However the time course of ckb mRNA induction on the zinc-adequate pair-wt fed rats following estrogen administration paralleled the time course of estrogen induced protein (IP) synthesis previously observed by Gorski et al. (1970). IP is now known to be the brain type isoenzyme of creatine kinase. An induction of ckb mRNA between 0-3 h post estrogen injection was not observed on the zinc-deficient diet fed rats. However in a subsequent experiment an induction of uterine ckb mRNA 2 h following estrogen administration was observed in zinc-deficient rats. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Zinc ions are known to be required to enable the estrogen receptor complex to bind to DNA and initiate transcription. It has been hypothesized that inadequate provision of dietary zinc may therefore reduce compliance to estrogen directed gene expression by limiting the efficiency of recruitment of zinc ions for stabilization of the zinc finger of the steroid receptor. The results of the present study failed to support this hypothesis at this moderate level of zinc depletion.Ph. D.
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Prangchai, Wilawan Panata Migasena. "B vitamins status in hookworm infection /." Abstract, 1985. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2528/28E-Prangchai-W.pdf.
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Al-Daihan, Sooad K. "Study on human 5-aminolaevulinate synthase and the molecular basis for pyridoxine responsive X-linked sideroblastic anaemia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390588.
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Pittaya, Kanchanapakonchai Amnuay Thithapandha. "Effects of vitamin B6 on CC14 toxicities in rats /." abstract, 1986. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2529/29E-Pittaya-K.pdf.
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Cunha, Natália Baraldi [UNESP]. "Avaliação do papel da piridoxina na prevenção da nefrocalcinose induzida pela hiperoxalúria em ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143838.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introduction: The calcium oxalate is the major metabolic component involved in the formation of renal calculus. Therefore, different pharmacological approaches have been or are being proposed for the treatment of nephrolithiasis by calcium oxalate. Among them, the pyridoxine, a component of vitamin B6, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent that can minimize the effects of hyperoxaluria. However, the results are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effects of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) on the urinary excretion of oxalate and its possible impact on renal disorders caused by nephrocalcinosis induced from an experimental model of hyperoxaluria in rats. Methods: It was used 60 Sprague Dawley male rats and were randomized into four groups: Group 1 [(G1: n = 15) clinical control]; Group 2 [G2: Ethylene glycol (EG) 0.5% + Vitamin D3 (VD3), n = 15], which hyperoxaluria was induced by the administration of EG diluted in water and offered in association with VD3 (Cholecalciferol) at a dose of 0.5 uM; Group 3 [G3: 0.5% EG + VD3 + pyridoxine (VB6); n = 15], which the animals received the same drugs offered to the G2 plus VB6 at a dose of 180mg / kg body weight / day; Group 4 (G4, n = 15) which the animals are supplemented only with the same dose of VB6 in G3. All animals were euthanized after 28 days of intervention and submitted a metabolic study on the urine of 24 hours; histopathological / morphometric analysis of oxidative stress in renal parenchymal and spectroscopic measurement of calcium. Results: Among the urinary parameters evaluated, there was significant reduction in the citrate in G2 compared to the control group- G1 (781.9 and 2414.4mg / L, respectively), while the oxalate was significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1 (7.79, 8.94 and 2.96mg / L, respectively). The urinary calcium was significantly lower in the induced groups (G3: 0.9, G2: 1.5 and G1: 2.25mg / dL). Histomorphometric analysis revealed that only the animals of G2 and G3 developed nephrocalcinosis without, however, no substantially differences from each other in the counting of intratubular crystals were found. Similarly, considering the histopathologic analysis, only the induced animals (G2 and G3) exhibited atrophy, stromal extravasation and inflammatory infiltrate in the renal parenchyma in a similar pattern between the two groups. Regarding to the analysis of oxidative stress, an increase of lipid hydroperoxide levels associated with reduced superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase in the G2. In the other groups, the enzyme pattern remained relatively stable compared to the control, except for catalase activity, which activity proved to be increased in all groups. In the other groups, the enzyme pattern remained relatively stable compared to the control (G1), except for the catalase activity, in which activity increased in all groups. As expected, the quantification of calcium in the renal parenchyma was significantly higher in G2 and G3 as compared to groups without induction. Conclusion: Pyridoxine was not able to produce a significant effect in the treatment and / or prevention of urinary disorders, as well as morphological, inflammatory and functional renal tissue in rats with secondary hyperoxaluria obtained from the administration of inducing agents.
Introdução: O oxalato de cálcio (OxCa) é o principal componente metabólico envolvido na formação dos cálculos renais. Por esta razão, diferentes abordagens farmacológicas foram ou estão sendo propostas para o tratamento da nefrolitíase por OxCa. Dentre elas, a piridoxina, um componente da vitamina B6, tem sido sugerida como potencial agente terapêutico capaz de atenuar os efeitos da hiperoxalúria, porém com resultados ainda controversos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da piridoxina (Vitamina B6) sobre a excreção urinária de oxalato e seu eventual impacto nas alterações renais causadas pela nefrocalcinose induzida a partir de um modelo experimental de hiperoxaluria em ratos. Métodos: Foram utilizados 60 ratos machos da raça Sprague-Dawley, randomicamente distribuídos em quatro grupos: GRUPO 1 (G1: n=15) controle clínico; GRUPO 2 [G2: Etilenoglicol (EG) a 0,5%+vitamina D3 (VD3), n=15] no qual a hiperoxalúria foi induzida a partir da administração de EG diluído em água e ofertado em associação com a VD3 (Colecalciferol) na dose de 0,5 μM; GRUPO 3 [G3: EG 0,5%+VD3+Piridoxina(VB6); n=15] onde os animais receberam as mesmas drogas ofertadas ao G2 acrescido da VB6 na dose de 180mg/kg peso/dia; GRUPO 4 (G4, n=15) animais suplementados apenas com a VB6 na mesma dose do G3. Todos os animais foram eutanasiados após 28 dias de intervenção e submetidos a estudo metabólico na urina de 24 horas; análise histopatológica/morfométrica, análise do estresse oxidativo no parênquima renal, bem como dosagem espectroscópica do cálcio. Resultados: Dentre os parâmetros urinários avaliados, observou-se significativa redução do citrato no G2 em relação ao controle (781,9, e 2414,4mg/L, respectivamente), enquanto que o oxalato mostrou-se significativamente aumentado nos G2 e G3 quando comparado ao G1 (7,79; 8,94 e 2,96mg/L, respectivamente). O cálcio urinário foi significativamente menor nos grupos induzidos (G3:0,9, G2:1,5 e G1: 2,25mg/dL). A análise histomorfométrica revelou que apenas os animais dos G2 e G3 desenvolveram nefrocalcinose sem, no entanto, apresentar diferença significativa entre si na contagem dos cristais intratubulares. Da mesma forma, considerando-se a análise histopatológica, apenas os animais induzidos (G2 e G3) exibiram atrofia, extravasamento estromal e infiltrado inflamatório no parênquima renal, em um padrão bastante semelhante entre os dois grupos. Com relação à análise do estresse oxidativo, houve aumento dos níveis do hidroperoxido de lipídeo associado à redução da atividade da superoxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase no G2. Nos demais grupos, o padrão enzimático manteve-se relativamente estável em relação ao controle, com exceção da atividade da catalase, cuja atividade revelou-se aumentada em todos os grupos estudados. Como esperado, a quantificação do cálcio no parênquima renal foi significativamente maior em G2 e G3 quando comparado aos grupos sem indução. Conclusão: A piridoxina não foi capaz de produzir um efeito significativo no tratamento e/ou na prevenção das alterações urinárias, bem como morfológicas, inflamatórias e funcionais do parênquima renal de ratos com hiperoxalúria secundária obtida a partir da administração de agentes indutores.
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Cunha, Natália Baraldi. "Avaliação do papel da piridoxina na prevenção da nefrocalcinose induzida pela hiperoxalúria em ratos." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143838.
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Orientador: Paulo Roberto KawanoResumo: Introduction: The calcium oxalate is the major metabolic component involved in the formation of renal calculus. Therefore, different pharmacological approaches have been or are being proposed for the treatment of nephrolithiasis by calcium oxalate. Among them, the pyridoxine, a component of vitamin B6, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent that can minimize the effects of hyperoxaluria. However, the results are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effects of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) on the urinary excretion of oxalate and its possible impact on renal disorders caused by nephrocalcinosis induced from an experimental model of hyperoxaluria in rats. Methods: It was used 60 Sprague Dawley male rats and were randomized into four groups: Group 1 [(G1: n = 15) clinical control]; Group 2 [G2: Ethylene glycol (EG) 0.5% + Vitamin D3 (VD3), n = 15], which hyperoxaluria was induced by the administration of EG diluted in water and offered in association with VD3 (Cholecalciferol) at a dose of 0.5 uM; Group 3 [G3: 0.5% EG + VD3 + pyridoxine (VB6); n = 15], which the animals received the same drugs offered to the G2 plus VB6 at a dose of 180mg / kg body weight / day; Group 4 (G4, n = 15) which the animals are supplemented only with the same dose of VB6 in G3. All animals were euthanized after 28 days of intervention and submitted a metabolic study on the urine of 24 hours; histopathological / morphometric analysis of oxidative stress in renal parenchymal and spectroscopic... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introdução: O oxalato de cálcio (OxCa) é o principal componente metabólico envolvido na formação dos cálculos renais. Por esta razão, diferentes abordagens farmacológicas foram ou estão sendo propostas para o tratamento da nefrolitíase por OxCa. Dentre elas, a piridoxina, um componente da vitamina B6, tem sido sugerida como potencial agente terapêutico capaz de atenuar os efeitos da hiperoxalúria, porém com resultados ainda controversos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da piridoxina (Vitamina B6) sobre a excreção urinária de oxalato e seu eventual impacto nas alterações renais causadas pela nefrocalcinose induzida a partir de um modelo experimental de hiperoxaluria em ratos. Métodos: Foram utilizados 60 ratos machos da raça Sprague-Dawley, randomicamente distribuídos em quatro grupos: GRUPO 1 (G1: n=15) controle clínico; GRUPO 2 [G2: Etilenoglicol (EG) a 0,5%+vitamina D3 (VD3), n=15] no qual a hiperoxalúria foi induzida a partir da administração de EG diluído em água e ofertado em associação com a VD3 (Colecalciferol) na dose de 0,5 μM; GRUPO 3 [G3: EG 0,5%+VD3+Piridoxina(VB6); n=15] onde os animais receberam as mesmas drogas ofertadas ao G2 acrescido da VB6 na dose de 180mg/kg peso/dia; GRUPO 4 (G4, n=15) animais suplementados apenas com a VB6 na mesma dose do G3. Todos os animais foram eutanasiados após 28 dias de intervenção e submetidos a estudo metabólico na urina de 24 horas; análise histopatológica/morfométrica, análise do estresse oxidativo no parênquima renal, bem com... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Honnoraty, Anne-Marie. "Synthèse et immobilisation par copolymérisation d'analogues du pyridoxal - étude de leur activité comme catalyseur de racémisation d'alpha-aminoesters." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20031.
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La deracemisation des acides amines constitue une etape essentielle dans la valorisation de leur synthese chimique. Un procede possible met en jeu une etape enantioselective d'hydrolyse enzymatique des aminoesters, couplee a une etape de racemisation du d-aminoester utilisant le pyridoxal comme catalyseur. La mise en uvre de ce procede de synthese de l-aminoacide, exploite en continu, necessite l'immobilisation du pyridoxal. Ce travail decrit la synthese de deux analogues polymerisables du pyridoxal, obtenus par greffage sur le cycle pyridinique en position 2 ou en position 5 d'une chaine terminee par une fonction acryloyle. Ceux-ci sont ensuite immobilises, par polymerisation radicalaire, au sein d'une matrice polyacrylamide. L'activite catalytique de ces analogues, dans la racemisation du l-phenylalanine methyl ester, a ete evalue, dans des conditions biomimetriques (h#2o, ph7 et 25#oc), en phase homogene et en flux continu en presence des polymeres correspondants. Nous avons ainsi montre la possibilite de racemiser des aminoesters par un catalyseur supporte, dans des conditions compatibles avec l'existence d'une catalyse de type enzymatique
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Consiglieri, Vladi Olga. "Doseamento da vitamina B6 por espectrofotometria derivada no ultravioleta." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-10072008-170738/.
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Uma metodologia rápida e seletiva foi desenvolvida para a quantificação da piridoxina em medicamentos. O método foi padronizado para aplicação da espectrofotometria derivada no ultravioleta na análise direta da vitamina em preparações multivitamínicas sólidas (cápsulas) e líquidas (solução oral e injetável). As interferências do espectro UV convencional devidas aos excipientes (veículos) e demais fármacos presentes foram eliminados. As retas de calibração foram calculadas, obtendo-se, para a derivada de 1ª ordem, o coeficiente de correlação linear de 0.99997. Os resultados foram estatisticamente estudados e determinaram-se o desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação e intervalo de confiança. O método foi empregado na análise de amostras comerciais e simuladas e os resultados, quando comparados com aqueles provenientes da aplicação do método da Farmacopéia Americana XXII rev., evidenciaram nítidas vantagens quanto à exatidão e precisão, além da facilidade operacional.A rapid and selecrive method for rhe dererminarion of pyridoxine in pharmaceuticals has been described. The procedure has been developed using direct UV first-derivative spectrofotometry in solid and liquid preparations (tablets, oral solution and injection). Spectral inrerferences from formulation excipienrs and other drugs in simple UV spectrophotometric methods have been eliminated by the application of the proposed method. Calibration curves have been made and the correlation coefficienr for. the first-order derivative was 0,99997. Standard deviation, coefficient of variation and confidence interval were calculated. The method was applied in the analysis of commercial and simulated samples. The results when compared with those obtained by using the USP 22nd. ed. official method shows clear advanrages related to accuracy, precision and practical application.
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Teixeira, Caroline Pelegrina [UNESP]. "Suplementação de vitamina B6 em dietas práticas e purificadas no desempenho produtivo e resposta hemática da Tilápia do Nilo submetida a estímulo térmico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95272.
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teixeira_cp_me_botfmvz.pdf: 259530 bytes, checksum: 826c003b1a1805b9d984d08e8e6b2d8d (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a suplementação de vitamina B6 em dietas práticas (Estudo – I) e purificadas (Estudo – II) sobre o desempenho produtivo e resposta hemática da tilápia do Nilo submetida a estímulo térmico. O período experimental foi de 91 dias, Estudo – I, e 84 dias, Estudo - II. No Estudo – I, 192 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 8,41 ± 0,22 g, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 32 tanques-rede de 200L (quatro tanques-rede/ aquário de 1000 L). No Estudo – II, 140 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 6,32 ± 0,16 g, foram distribuídos em 28 aquários de 50L. Foram avaliadas oito dietas, sendo quatro práticas e quatro purificadas com níveis crescentes de piridoxina (0,0; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mg de piridoxal HCl /kg da dieta). Ao final do período experimental os peixes foram pesados e a ração quantificada para a avaliação do desempenho produtivo (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de retenção proteica e porcentagem de sobrevivência). Posteriormente, foram efetuadas as análises hematológicas dos peixes (contagem de eritrócitos, porcentagem de hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e confecção de lâminas de extensão sanguínea). Em seguida, 48 peixes foram transferidos para a sala de desafio, distribuídos em 24 aquários de 40 L (dois peixes/ aquário) e submetidos por três dias ao estímulo térmico (32ºC). Após este período, foram realizadas as mesmas análises hematológicas feitas anteriormente. Os peixes alimentados com dietas não suplementadas de piridoxina apresentaram menor ganho de peso e baixa retenção de proteína na carcaça. Sinais clínicos de deficiência de piridoxina como apatia, natação errática e hipersensibilidade foram observados em peixes alimentados com dieta purificada não suplementada, que, além de estarem...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin B6 supplementation in practical and purifiet diets on growth performance and hematological response of Nile tilapia subimitted to heat stress. The 91-day and 84-day trials were undertaken out, to evaluate the effect of vitamin B6 on hematological parameters and plasma protein plasma of Nile tilapia. 192 Nile tilapia fingerlings with approximately 8 g weight were randomly stocked into 32 200L-aquaria and fed practical diets, and 140 fingerlings with 6 g weight were randomly stocked into 28 50L-aquaria fed diets containingraded levels of vitamin B6 (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg pyridoxal HCl/kg diet). At the end of the experimental period, fish and diets were weighed to evaluate weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention. Afterward, fish were bled and sample collected to evaluate hematological parameters. After these analyses the fish were transferred to the challenge room and distribuited into 48 aquaria, remaining at temperature of 32ºC during three days. At the end, the same hematological analyses were performed. Fish fed the non-supplemented diet showed reduced weight gain and protein retention. Clinical signs of vitamin B6 deficiency observed of fish fed purified diet non-supplemented resting and abnormal swimming, behavior and hypersensibility, anemia and low survival were observed. Vitamin B6 requirement of Nile tilapia is 5.0 mg pyridoxal/kg diet.
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Lainé-Cessac, Pascale. "La pyridoxal kinase erythrocytaire humaine : son activation par les ions potassium, sodium, lithium ; son inhibition par les medicaments." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0507.
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Sawamura, Leandro Haruo. "Influências de vitaminas no desenvolvimento e crescimento in vitro de Cattleyas brasileiras." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2016. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1009.
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Vitamins belong to a group of organic nutrients. They are essential in small quantities to life performing several functions in the metabolism and as antioxidants or resistance inducers. The lack of vitamins may cause many developmental and metabolic problem, as well as the excess may also be toxic. However, the use of an appropriate dose is necessary. The limited number of studies on the topic relative to orchids justified the need for this work, which aimed to evaluate the influence of B vitamins, Thiamin (B1), Nicotinamide (B3) and Pyridoxine (B6) on the development and seedling growth of Cattleya labiata, Cattleya walkeriana and Cattleya brevicaulis during 120 days. The seeds were obtained from UNOESTE Orchid Seedbank. In the Tissue Culture Lab at UNOESTE the experiment was carried out in in vitro half strength MS medium for seedling growth; with the variations in the vitamins: 0.025; 0.05; 0.1 and 0.2 mg L-1 for Thiamine, and 0.125; 0.25; 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 for Pyridoxine and Nicotinamide. The increment in the fresh weight at each 30 days, dry weight at the end, shoot and root length and the number of shoots and roots parameters were evaluated. The assayed complex B vitamins, thiamine, nicotinamide and pyridoxine exhibited isolate effects in orchid seedling growth. It is recommended to reduce the thiamine dosage to 0.025 mg L-1, decrease the dosage of pyridoxine to 0.125 mg L-1, and do not add nicotinamide in any concentration in the medium.
As vitaminas pertencem a um grupo de nutrientes orgânicos, sendo essenciais em pequenas quantidades a qualquer ser vivo, desempenhando funções diversas no metabolismo e atuando como antioxidantes e indutores de resistência. A carência das vitaminas pode acarretar diversos problemas de desenvolvimento e metabolismo, assim como o excesso também pode ser tóxico. A limitada quantidade de estudos referentes ao assunto em relação a orquídeas justificou a necessidade deste trabalho, que teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das vitaminas do complexo B, tiamina (B1), nicotinamida (B3) e piridoxina (B6) no desenvolvimento e crescimento de plântulas de Cattleya labiata, Cattleya walkeriana e Cattleya brevicaulis durante 120 dias. As sementes foram obtidas do Banco de Sementes de Orquídeas do Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais da UNOESTE. Foi realizado o cultivo in vitro das espécies com meio de cultura MS à meia concentração contendo variações das seguintes vitaminas: para tiamina as concentrações foram 0,025; 0,05; 0,1 e 0,2 mg L-1, para piridoxina e nicotinamida foram utilizadas as concentrações 0,125; 0,25; 0,5 e 1 mg L-1. Foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento por meio de massa fresca parcial, massa seca final, o comprimento de plântulas: de parte aérea e de raiz, e o número de brotos para cada uma das espécies. As vitaminas do complexo B testadas, tiamina (B1), nicotinamida (B3) e piridoxina (B6) apresentaram efeito isoladamente na cultura de plântulas de orquídeas. Recomenda-se reduzir a dosagem de tiamina para 0,025 mg L-1, diminuir a dosagem de piridoxina para 0,125 mg L-1 e não acrescentar nicotinamida em nenhuma concentração no meio.
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Claassen, Petrus Jacobus. "The effect of filler, active ingredient and Kollidon® VA64 sollubility on the release profile of the active ingredient from wet granulation tablet formulations." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9003.
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There are mainly two manufacturing processes used in the pharmaceutical industry, namely direct compression and granulation of which granulation can be subdivided into wet granulation and dry granulation. Wet granulation is a process still widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and provides better control of drug content uniformity and compactibility at low drug concentrations. Lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used as fillers in this study. Both these fillers possess unacceptable powder flow properties and the use of wet granulation may improve this property. One of the advantages of lactose monohydrate over MCC is that it is partially water soluble.
A fractional factorial design was used in this study. Twelve tablet formulations were formulated containing different combinations of active ingredients (furosemide or pyridoxine hydrochloride), fillers (lactose monohydrate or MCC) and a binder (Kollidon® VA64) in three different concentrations (0.75, 1.5 or 3.0% w/w). The binder was used to produce granules by means of wet granulation, using ethanol as granulating fluid. The granules were dried in an oven and screened through different sized sieves to produce the final granulated powder formulations ready for tableting. A disintegrant (Ac-di-sol®) and lubricant (magnesium stearate) were incorporated into the granulated powder formulations extra-granular (0.5% w/w) and were kept as a constant in this study throughout all the formulations. A Turbula® mixer was used to mix the granulated powder formulations for a constant 5 minutes.
During the first phase of the study, tablets were compressed using 2 compression settings (22 and 24). These compression settings were used to determine what effect different external pressures would have on the different tablet properties. Tablet weight for all the formulations was kept constant at 250 mg, although the volume of the matrix differed for each tablet formulation. The physical properties of the tablets were evaluated with regard to weight variation, mechanical strength (crushing strength and friability) and disintegration. Tablet formulation 12 yielded unsatisfactory tablets, due to poor powder flow into the die. Tablet formulations that contained the highest binder concentration (3.0% w/w) and were compressed at the highest compression setting (24) (formulations 4 and 9), exhibited the highest mechanical strength. The disintegration results revealed that the tablet formulations containing MCC as filler disintegrated faster compared to those containing lactose monohydrate. The increase in binder concentration caused an increase in mechanical strength, possibly decreasing tablet porosity, therefore prolonging disintegration time due to impeded water penetration into the tablet matrix.
During the final phase of the study, dissolution studies were conducted on the different tablet formulations in 0.1 M HCl for 120 minutes. In terms of dissolution results, the initial dissolution rate (DRi) and extent of dissolution (AUC) were compared. It was found that the tablet formulations containing pyridoxine hydrochloride as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) exhibited faster drug dissolution (higher DRi and AUC-values) compared to those tablet formulations containing furosemide. The faster dissolution exhibited by the pyridoxine hydro- chloride containing formulations can possibly be attributed to the fact that pyridoxine hydrochloride is good water soluble whereas furosemide is practically insoluble in water. The effect of the filler depended on the aqueous solubility of the filler and the concentration of the binder (Kollidon VA64) employed. An increase in binder concentration led to a decrease in the initial rate of dissolution as well as the extent of drug dissolution. In the case of the pyridoxine hydrochloride containing formulations, formulation 9 exhibited the slowest DRi and lowest extent of drug dissolution (1.40 ± 0.03 µg.cm-3.min-1 and 2396.52 ± 26.43 µg.cm-3.min respectively).
In the case of the furosemide containing formulations, formulation 4 exhibited the slowest DRi and lowest extent of drug dissolution (0.22 ± 0.07 µg.cm-3.min-1 and 1018.62 ± 59.74 µg.cm-3 min respectively). In both cases, the formulations contained Kollidon VA64 in a concentration of 3% w/w and were compressed at compression setting 24. The disintegration process of tablets goes hand in hand with the dissolution process and results have shown that by establishing rapid contact between drug particles and the surrounding medium proves to be a necessity for rapid drug dissolution. Disintegration does not assure drug dissolution, but when prolonged, slower dissolution rates can be obtained, implying a slow rate and low extent of drug dissolution. The disintegrant in this study was incorporated extra-granular ensuring rapid tablet disintegration. However, due to binder concentration of 3% w/w, granule disintegration was probably negatively affected resulting in a lower drug surface area exposed to the surrounding dissolution medium, leading to a slower initial rate and extent of drug dissolution.
From the results obtained during this study it was evident that formulation variables such as the type of filler, the concentration of the binder and compression setting employed during tablet manufacturing can have a ronounced effect on the pharmaceutical availability of the active ingredient. However, the extent of the effect was dependent on the aqueous solubility of the active ingredient.Thesis (MSc (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Souza, Bianca Rodrigues de. "Quantificação das vitaminas do complexo B (B1, B2) e vitâmeros das vitaminas B3 e B6 em amostras de pólen apícola desidratado provenientes da Região Sul do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-27052015-141055/.
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Entende-se por pólen apícola o resultado da aglutinação do pólen das flores, efetuado pelas abelhas operárias, mediante néctar e substâncias salivares, o qual é recolhido no ingresso da colmeia. A literatura descreve que esse alimento contém proteínas, carboidratos, lipídeos, vitaminas e minerais. De acordo com estudo prévio, amostras de pólen apícola in natura e desidratado, da cidade de Pariquera-Açu (São Paulo), apresentaram teores significativos de vitamina B1(tiamina) e B2 (riboflavina), além da presença dos vitâmeros da vitamina B3 (ácido nicotínico e nicotinamida) e B6 (piridoxal, piridoxol e piridoxamina) em sua composição o que foi associado à flora local explorada pelas abelhas. A região Sul do Brasil possui clima, relevo e vegetação diferenciados de outras regiões, necessitando-se assim da verificação do potencial vitamínico deste produto local. Destaca-se, ainda, o fato de que nesta região encontra-se um dos dois maiores produtores nacionais de pólen apícola (estado de Santa Catarina). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal quantificar os teores das vitaminas do complexo B: vitaminas B1 e B2, assim como os vitâmeros das vitaminas B3 e B6. Foram coletados 28 lotes de pólen apícola desidratado de diferentes localidades da região Sul durante o período de agosto de 2011 a dezembro de 2012 que posteriormente foram armazenados, a -18 °C até o momento das análises. As vitaminas do complexo B foram analisadas por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) na matriz pólen apícola desidratado e os resultados foram expressos em base seca. Entre as amostras analisadas foram verificados teores de vitamina B1 variando entre 0,46 e 1,83 mg / 100 g de pólen apícola; vitamina B2 de 0,40 à 1,86 mg / 100 g e quanto à vitamina B6 apenas os vitâmeros piridoxal e piridoxamina puderam ser quantificados em todos os lotes analisados. O piridoxal teve variação entre as amostras de 0,42 à 6,70 mg / 100 g e a piridoxamina de 0,26 à 0,95 mg / 100g. Em relação à vitamina B3, o vitâmero ácido nicotínico apresentou-se nos diferentes lotes variando de 0,68 à 3,93 mg / 100 g e a nicotinamida de 0,27 à 5,54 mg / 100 g de produto. Tomando-se como porção sugerida para consumo diário 25 g de pólen apícola, verificou-se que num total de 28 amostras, 15 foram consideradas fontes e 2 como ricas em tiamina; 19 lotes foram fontes e 3 ricos em riboflavina, e; 2 lotes foram fontes e 26 ricos em piridoxina segundo à Ingestão Diária Recomendada (IDR) para adultos como disponibilizado na Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº. 269, de 22 de setembro de 2005.Bee pollen is understood to be the result of agglutination of pollen from flowers, made by worker bees, and nectar through salivary substances, which is collected at the hive entrance. The literature describes that this product contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals. Previous study with fresh and dehydrated bee pollen, from the city of Pariquera-Açu (São Paulo) showed significant levels of vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), presence of B3 (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) and B6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, piridoxol) vitamins vitamers in its composition which was associated with the local flora explored by bees. Southern Brazil has a differentiated climate, topography and vegetation from other regions, thus requiring verification of vitamin potential of this local product. Also stands out the fact that this region is one of the two largest national producers of bee pollen (Santa Catarina state). This study aimed to quantify the levels of B complex vitamins: vitamins B1, B2, as well as the vitamers of vitamins B3 and B6. Thus, it was collected 28 batches of dehydrated bee pollen from different locations in the South during the period from August 2011 to December 2012. Samples were obtained and subsequently stored at -18 ° C until the analysis time. B vitamins were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in bee pollen dehydrated matrix and results were expressed on a dry basis. Among the samples it levels of vitamin B1 varied from 0.46 to 1.83 mg / 100 g; vitamin B2 from 0.40 to 1.86 mg / 100 g; and for vitamin B6, only the pyridoxal and pyridoxamine vitamers could be quantified in all analyzed batches. The pyridoxal had variation between samples from 0.42 to 6,70 mg / 100 g and pyridoxamine from 0.26 to 0.95 mg / 100g. Taking 25 g of bee pollen as suggested for daily intake portion, it was found in a total of 28 samples that 15 were considered sources and 2 rich in thiamine; 19 lots were sources and 3 rich in riboflavin, and; 2 lots were sources and 26 rich in pyridoxine in relation to the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) for adults as provided in Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 269, de setembro de 2005.
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Teixeira, Caroline Pelegrina 1976. "Suplementação de vitamina B6 em dietas práticas e purificadas no desempenho produtivo e resposta hemática da Tilápia do Nilo submetida a estímulo térmico /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95272.
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Orientador: Margarida Maria BarrosBanca: Wilson Massamitu Furuya
Banca: Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi
Resumo: A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a suplementação de vitamina B6 em dietas práticas (Estudo - I) e purificadas (Estudo - II) sobre o desempenho produtivo e resposta hemática da tilápia do Nilo submetida a estímulo térmico. O período experimental foi de 91 dias, Estudo - I, e 84 dias, Estudo - II. No Estudo - I, 192 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 8,41 ± 0,22 g, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 32 tanques-rede de 200L (quatro tanques-rede/ aquário de 1000 L). No Estudo - II, 140 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 6,32 ± 0,16 g, foram distribuídos em 28 aquários de 50L. Foram avaliadas oito dietas, sendo quatro práticas e quatro purificadas com níveis crescentes de piridoxina (0,0; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mg de piridoxal HCl /kg da dieta). Ao final do período experimental os peixes foram pesados e a ração quantificada para a avaliação do desempenho produtivo (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de retenção proteica e porcentagem de sobrevivência). Posteriormente, foram efetuadas as análises hematológicas dos peixes (contagem de eritrócitos, porcentagem de hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e confecção de lâminas de extensão sanguínea). Em seguida, 48 peixes foram transferidos para a sala de desafio, distribuídos em 24 aquários de 40 L (dois peixes/ aquário) e submetidos por três dias ao estímulo térmico (32ºC). Após este período, foram realizadas as mesmas análises hematológicas feitas anteriormente. Os peixes alimentados com dietas não suplementadas de piridoxina apresentaram menor ganho de peso e baixa retenção de proteína na carcaça. Sinais clínicos de deficiência de piridoxina como apatia, natação errática e hipersensibilidade foram observados em peixes alimentados com dieta purificada não suplementada, que, além de estarem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin B6 supplementation in practical and purifiet diets on growth performance and hematological response of Nile tilapia subimitted to heat stress. The 91-day and 84-day trials were undertaken out, to evaluate the effect of vitamin B6 on hematological parameters and plasma protein plasma of Nile tilapia. 192 Nile tilapia fingerlings with approximately 8 g weight were randomly stocked into 32 200L-aquaria and fed practical diets, and 140 fingerlings with 6 g weight were randomly stocked into 28 50L-aquaria fed diets containingraded levels of vitamin B6 (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg pyridoxal HCl/kg diet). At the end of the experimental period, fish and diets were weighed to evaluate weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention. Afterward, fish were bled and sample collected to evaluate hematological parameters. After these analyses the fish were transferred to the challenge room and distribuited into 48 aquaria, remaining at temperature of 32ºC during three days. At the end, the same hematological analyses were performed. Fish fed the non-supplemented diet showed reduced weight gain and protein retention. Clinical signs of vitamin B6 deficiency observed of fish fed purified diet non-supplemented resting and abnormal swimming, behavior and hypersensibility, anemia and low survival were observed. Vitamin B6 requirement of Nile tilapia is 5.0 mg pyridoxal/kg diet.
Mestre
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Fraigne, Philippe. "L'homocysteine plasmatique dans l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P232.
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Leomagno-Piernas, Valérie. "Définition d'un procédé de production de pousses de riz : aspects nutritionnels et sanitaires." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20044.
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Des pousses alimentaires peuvent etre obtenues a partir de grains de riz complet places en ambiance humide (pulverisations intermittentes d'eau) a une temperature voisine de 30c (gamme optimale). Les besoins en oxygene restreints des grains germants permettent une disposition en couche sur une epaisseur de 25 centimetres, sans aucun systeme de ventilation forcee. La germination (24 a 72 heures) conduit alors a une augmentation significative de la teneur en vitamine b6. Ces conditions entrainent aussi un developpement important des micro-organismes epiphytes ; bien qu'aucune souche pathogene n'ait ete decelee dans les echantillons analyses, des experiences d'inoculation artificielle demontrent que listeria innocua et bacillus cereus pourraient se multiplier jusqu'a la dose infectieuse. La desinfection des grains en prealable a la germination (5 minutes dans une solution chloree a 100 ppm, a 60c) est par consequent recommandee. La germination s'accompagne toutefois d'un phenomene de reprise de croissance, non limite par la pulverisation in-process d'eau chloree (a 100 ppm). Un echaudage (5 minutes a 60c) des pousses a la recolte assure donc une securite supplementaire.
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Bhonsle, Amrata. "Improved Solubility and Dissolution of BCS Class II drug Spironolactone by Formulating in Ternary Solid Dispersion with Carrier Beta-Cyclodextrin and Adjuvant Water Soluble Vitamin [Pyridoxine HCl (Vit B6)]." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1404735377.
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Chrisley, Barbara Mc. "Separation and quantitation of the seven forms of vitamin B-6 in plasma and 4-pyridoxic acid in urine of adolescent girls by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53934.
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The vitamin B-6 status of seemingly healthy adolescent girls was determined using several accepted and proposed parameters in an effort to establish guidelines for status evaluation. HPLC-derived plasma B-6 vitamer [pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and pyridoxamine (PM)] and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) concentrations and urinary 4-PA levels of 28 white adolescent females, 12-15 years, having radiomonitored plasma PLP concentrations and coenzyme stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activities indicative of adequate status were determined. Mean daily vitamin B-6 and protein intakes of the subjects were 1.48 mg and 78.3 g, respectively. The ranges for plasma B-6 vitamer and 4-PA concentrations for these subjects which had seemingly adequate vitamin B-6 status were as follows: (nmol/L) PLP, 40.9-122.2; PNP, 0-16.1; PMP, 0-8.1; PL, 0- 15.0; PN, 0-21.9; PM, 0-17.8; and 4-PA, 0-55.7. PLP was the predominant plasma B-6 vitamer as well as being the only vitamer found in plasma of all subjects. Urinary 4-PA concentrations of the girls ranged from 0.11-2.50 pmol/mmol creatinine. The B-6 vitamer values of these white adolescent girls should be of use in the establishment of normal ranges for vitamin B-6 status parameters. HPLC methodologies seem to be advantageous for the rapid and accurate assessment of vitamin B-6 status.Ph. D.
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Bigalke, Wiebke [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung einer HPLC-DAD/FLD-Analysenmethode zur simultanen Bestimmung von Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxin, Folat und verschiedenen Vitameren im Blutserum von Milchkühen sowie Auswirkungen von Fütterungsregime und Laktation auf die Konzentration der B-Vitamine im bovinen Serum / Wiebke Bigalke." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022535447/34.
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Hage-Sleiman, Mayad. "L'hyperhomocystéinémie dans l'angor spastique, intérêt du test de charge en méthionine : revue de la littérature et présentation de seize cas cliniques." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M104.
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Yianni, Yiannoula. "Aspects cinétiques des deux étapes de la réaction équilibrée entre les amino-acides (ou les céto-acides) et la forme aldéhydique (ou amine) du phosphate de la vitamine B6 : influence de la structure et de l'acidité, rôle catalytique des espèces complexées par les ions aluminium." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10041.
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Ruegg, Evonne Teresa Nicole. "Investigating the porphyrias through analysis of biochemical pathways." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biochemistry, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10257.
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ABSTRACT
The porphyrias are a diverse group of metabolic disorders arising from diminished
activity of enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. They can present with acute
neurovisceral symptoms, cutaneous symptoms, or both. The complexity of these
disorders is demonstrated by the fact that some acute porphyria patients with the
underlying genetic defect(s) are latent and asymptomatic while others present with
severe symptoms. This indicates that there is at least one other risk factor required in
addition to the genetic defect for symptom manifestation. A systematic review of the
heme biosynthetic pathway highlighted the involvement of a number of micronutrient
cofactors. An exhaustive review of the medical literature uncovered numerous reports
of micronutrient deficiencies in the porphyrias as well as successful case reports of
treatments with micronutrients. Many micronutrient deficiencies present with
symptoms similar to those in porphyria, in particular vitamin B6. It is hypothesized
that a vitamin B6 deficiency and related micronutrient deficiencies may play a major
role in the pathogenesis of the acute porphyrias. In order to further investigate the
porphyrias, a computational model of the heme biosynthetic pathway was developed
based on kinetic parameters derived from a careful analysis of the literature. This
model demonstrated aspects of normal heme biosynthesis and illustrated some of the
disordered biochemistry of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). The testing of this
model highlighted the modifications necessary to develop a more comprehensive
model with the potential to investigated hypotheses of the disordered biochemistry of
the porphyrias as well as the discovery of new methods of treatment and symptom
control. It is concluded that vitamin B6 deficiency might be the risk factor necessary
in conjunction with the genetic defect to trigger porphyria symptoms.
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ZHEN, XIU-LIAN, and 鄭秀蓮. "Pyridoxine deficiency and requirement of mule ducklings and the influence of dietary niacin on pyridoxine requirement." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28972492092139294849.
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Steininger, Harald [Verfasser]. "2-Pyridon-katalysierte Esteraminolyse / von Harald Steininger." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974307661/34.
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Kaunda, Jean R. "Determination of vitamin B-6 and pyridoxine-glucoside in selected Malawi foods and the effect of preparation techniques on vitamin B-6 and pyridoxine-glucoside content." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25957.
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There were two main purposes to this study. The first was to determine the
vitamin B-6 and pyridoxine β-glucoside content of selected foods commonly
consumed in Malawi. The second was to examine the effect of preparation
procedures of foods in Malawi on the content of vitamin B-6 and pyridoxine β-
glucoside in foods. Seventeen plant foods commonly eaten in Malawi were
determined for vitamin B-6 and pyridoxine β-glucoside using a microbiological
assay. In addition, two commercial weaning foods, roasted maize-soy bean blend
and extruded maize-soy bean blend, were also determined for vitamin B-6 and
pyridoxine β-glucoside contents. Among all the foods analyzed, whole maize flour
contained the highest amount of vitamin B-6 (0.66 mg/100 g), therefore, an
excellent source of vitamin B-6 content in foods. Cooking decreased vitamin B-6
in pinto beans, kidney beans, sugar beans and cow peas by 34%, 45%, 14% and
48%, respectively. Roasting decreased vitamin B-6 in chick peas and soy beans by
59% and 38%, respectively. Soaking and fermentation reduced vitamin B-6 in
soaked maize flour and cassava flour by 86% and 89 %, respectively. Therefore,
these data suggest that some of the preparation procedures practiced in Malawi
have a negative impact on the vitamin B-6 content of the processed foods. Cooked
and roasted foods contained lower total amount of pyridoxine-glucoside than that
of the raw food. The high pyridoxine β-glucoside content have adverse impact on the bioavailability of vitamin B-6 content. Based on typical diets for the urban and
rural populations in Malawi, the rural diet contained less vitamin B-6 compared to
that of urban diet. Therefore, the rural population may be at risk of inadequate
vitamin B-6 intake compared to the urban population.Graduation date: 2002
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Kular, Aneta. "An Assessment of Pyridoxine as a Biological Response Modifier During Colon Carcinogenesis." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3398.
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The main objective of this proposal was to investigate the effect of vitamin B6 on colon carcinogenesis in vivo. Two in vivo studies were conducted to determine the role of vitamin B6 as a biological modifier of colon carcinogenesis. It is hypothesized that vitamin B6 may serve as an antioxidant in vivo and will modulate colon carcinogenesis. In the first study, a 2X3 factorial experimental design was used to determine if three different levels of vitamin B6, classified as low, normal and high in conjunction with two different levels of protein intake, classified as normal or high, will affect post-initiation stages of colon carcinogenesis, in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male Sprague-Dawley male were injected with azoxymethane for two weeks (15mg/kg/week) and then one week later they were allocated to different dietary treatment groups. After eight weeks, the effects of dietary treatment on hematological status, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes, as well as enumeration of preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), were evaluated. The lowest level of vitamin B6 intake with a high protein diet reduced the growth and development of ACF. Vitamin B6 had no significant effect on the oxidative stress markers. The level of protein was an important variable in modulating the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-OH-DG which were lower in high protein groups than normal protein counterparts.
The objective of the second study was to investigate if a supraphysiological (5 fold higher than normal level) dosage of vitamin B6 could have an antioxidant effect in a metabolically compromised state like obesity and thereby lower the risk of colon cancer. Female Zucker obese (Zk-OB) rats received normal (Zk-OBN, 7 mg/kg) or high (Zk-OBH, 35 mg/kg) vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine-HCl) diets two weeks prior to, during and six weeks following injection with colon carcinogen AOM. The effects of supplemental vitamin B6 on hematological status, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes, as well as enumeration of ACF were carried out. High intake of vitamin B6 significantly lowered liver weights and plasma cholesterol compared to the normal intake (p≤0.05). Zk-OBH rats had significantly reduced number of ACF compared to Zk-OBN (p≤0.05). Hepatic GSH increased in the ZK-OBH group with a concomitant decrease in GPx activity. The findings demonstrate that in Zucker Obese rats, a high B6 intake augmented the antioxidant potential and decreased sensitivity to colon carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that high vitamin B6 plays an important therapeutic role in the compromised state of obesity.
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Grosche, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Kombinatorische Festphasensynthese von Pyrazolen, Pyrazolylheteroarylen, Pyrazoloarylen, Pyridinen und Pyridonen / vorgelegt von Philipp Grosche." 2000. http://d-nb.info/963189522/34.
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Sindihebura-Ruhumba, Pascaline. "Effect of controlled vitamin B-6 intake and pyridoxine supplementation on B-6 status of smokers." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27213.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have found that smoking may have a negative effect on
vitamin B-6 indices and have demonstrated a possible association between smoking
and depressed plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration. Individuals with
plasma PLP values below the adequate level of 30 nmoles/L might benefit from
consumption of vitamin B-6 supplements, but no data are available on vitamin B-6
status in smokers consuming a controlled vitamin B-6 intake and receiving a vitamin
B-6 supplement. The objectives of this research were to assess vitamin B-6 status in
smokers as compared to non-smokers receiving a controlled diet and to evaluate the
effect of an oral vitamin B-6 supplementation in these subjects.
The vitamin B-6 (B-6) status of 5 (four males / one female) smokers (S) and 4
(three males / one female) non-smokers (NS) was assessed. A constant diet was fed
for 20 days and provided 1.95 mg of B-6 or 1.65 mg of B-6 for males and females,
respectively. For the last 10 days, an additional 2-mg of pyridoxine (PN) was given
daily. Blood samples were collected on days 1.7, 11.14 and 21; and 24 hour urine samples were collected daily. Urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) and total B-6 (UB6)
excretion, plasma B-6 vitamers (PLP, PN, pyridoxal and 4-PA) and red blood cell
PLP (RBC PLP) concentrations, as well as plasma alkaline phosphatase activity
(APA) were determined. Mean plasma PLP, 4-PA, and RBC PLP concentrations
were significantly lower (P [less than or equal to] 0.05) at all time points in S compared to NS. With a
daily supplement of 2-mg vitamin B-6, the mean plasma PLP concentration of S
increased 85.8% but was 48.5% lower than that of NS consuming 1.65-1.95 mg/d of
B-6. Mean plasma pyridoxal concentrations were not different between S and NS
before and after supplementation. Excretion of 4-PA was not significantly different
between S and NS, but the mean values of 4-PA excretion were consistently greater
in NS compared to that of S throughout the 20-day study. The percent of ingested B-6 excreted as 4-PA for the S and NS was 38 and 49 in the non-supplemented period,
and 47 and 53 in the supplemented period, respectively, indicating that non-smokers
excreted more 4-PA than smokers. However, the difference in 4-PA excretion
between S and NS was not significantly different both before and after
supplementation (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between S
and NS for plasma PN concentration, AP, and UB6 excretion for both periods.
Results suggested an adverse effect of smoking on B-6 metabolism, thus an increased
requirement of vitamin B-6 in smokers. A 2-mg PN supplement was sufficient to
bring the concentration of plasma PLP in smokers to the level suggested as adequate,
but it didn't bring it to the level of non-smokers.Graduation date: 1999
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Ottinger, Joan Marie. "Influence of riboflavin doses on the urinary excretion of riboflavin and 4-pyridoxic acid in young men." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27230.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of riboflavin doses on the urinary excretion of
riboflavin and 4-pyridoxic acid was investigated in 6 young men.
Doses of crystalline riboflavin and/or pyridoxine were administered
on days 10 to 25 using a 6 X 6 Latin square design. The 6
crystalline vitamin doses given were: 0.3 mg and 0.6 mg pyridoxine;
1.2 mg and 2.4 mg riboflavin: 0.3 mg pyridoxine with 1.2 mg
riboflavin and 0.6 mg pyridoxine with 2.4 mg riboflavin. On day 28
each subject received 0.06 mg riboflavin. On days 30 to 45, 6 food
doses of known riboflavin content were administered to the subjects
using a 6 X 6 Latin square design. All crystalline vitamin and food
doses were separated by two days. All subjects consumed a constant
diet during the experimental period. Twenty-four-hour urine
collections were made throughout the study. Urinary riboflavin
excretion increased in response to the 1.2 mg and 2.4 mg riboflavin
doses but not after the 0.06 mg dose. Urinary riboflavin excretion
increased after the milk dose only. Bioavailability of riboflavin in non-fat dry milk, which was estimated by reference to the riboflavin
dose response curve, was 61 ± 35 (mean ± S.D.) percent. In 4 of the
6 subjects urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion was suppressed when
riboflavin was administered with pyridoxine. Additionally, in four
subjects the 2.4 mg riboflavin dose depressed urinary 4-pyridoxic
acid excretion to a level below that seen with the 1.2 mg riboflavin
dose. These results provide additional supporting evidence for a
riboflavin/vitamin B-6 interaction.Graduation date: 1985
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牟秀娟. "Synthesis of N-alkyl-pyridon azo disperse dyes and a study of their dyeing properties." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53328490178244070072.
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Bills, Nathan D. "In vivo and in vitro determination of the bioavailability of vitamin B-6 from plant foods containing pyridoxine glucoside." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25980.
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Lin, Yun Fang, and 林芸芳. "Mechanism of prooxidant and antioxidant activities of pyridoxine and pyridoxal on iron-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59643877579512895694.
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Raposo_Blouw, Sara. "The effects of marginal pyridoxine deficiency and high protein intakes on vitamin b6 status and enzymes in intermediary metabolism in rats." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30684.
Full textAbstract:
Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6 (B6), is a co-factor for enzymes in macronutrient metabolism. Increasing protein intake may affect B6 by increasing PLP-dependent enzymes in amino acid metabolism, which may be more pronounced during moderate B6 deficiency. Decreased B6 status decreases PLP-dependent enzyme activity possibly altering macronutrient metabolism. We examined changing dietary carbohydrate: protein ratios in rats consuming recommended vs. moderately deficient intakes of pyridoxine (PN)-HCl, on plasma markers of B6 status and enzymes in intermediary metabolism. Marginal B6 deficiency decreased all plasma B6 vitamers except for pyridoxic acid. Protein intake (40% energy) significantly reduced plasma PN and tended to decrease plasma pyridoxal with no significant alterations in plasma homocysteine or cysteine. Hepatic cystathionine-γ-lyase, glycogen phosphorylase, plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase significantly decreased with marginal B6 deficiency and cystathionine-γ-lyase decreased with increasing protein intake. Marginal B6 deficiency significantly increased hepatic glycogen with no changes in plasma haptoglobin.October 2015
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Rosenberg, Jonathan. "Vitamin B6 Production in Bacillus subtilis." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E32C-B.
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