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Journal articles on the topic 'Pyrimidine analogs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

SB, Patil. "Anticancer Potential of Novel Pyrimidine Analogs: Recent Updates." Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry International Journal 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/macij-16000189.

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Pyrimidine, having two nitrogen atoms, looks like pyridine and benzene. In nature, pyrimidine is present in different forms, such as the bases of DNA and RNA. Due to its structure, various kinds of biological activity have been observed. The substituted and fused pyrimidine derivatives were chemically synthesized and showed anti-cancer potential against cancer cell lines (SW480, A549, CCRF-CEM, THP-1, HepG2, HCT-116, PC3, Huh-7, CNE-2, MGC-803, and MDA-MB-435). Based on the experimental results, the substituted pyrimidines and fused derivatives showed remarkably enhanced anticancer activity, w

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2

Harpel, Zander, Wei-Jen Chang, Jacob Circelli, et al. "Effects of six pyrimidine analogs on the growth of Tetrahymena thermophila and their implications in pyrimidine metabolism." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0284309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284309.

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Tetrahymena are ciliated protists that have been used to study the effects of toxic chemicals, including anticancer drugs. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effects of six pyrimidine analogs (5-fluorouracil, floxuridine, 5’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, 5-fluorouridine, gemcitabine, and cytarabine) on wild-type CU428 and conditional mutant NP1 Tetrahymena thermophila at room temperature and the restrictive temperature (37°C) where NP1 does not form the oral apparatus. We found that phagocytosis was not required for pyrimidine analog entry and that all tested pyrimidine analogs inhibited growth

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3

Soto-Acosta, Ruben, Eunkyung Jung, Li Qiu, Daniel J. Wilson, Robert J. Geraghty, and Liqiang Chen. "4,7-Disubstituted 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and Their Analogs as Antiviral Agents against Zika Virus." Molecules 26, no. 13 (2021): 3779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133779.

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Discovery of compound 1 as a Zika virus (ZIKV) inhibitor has prompted us to investigate its 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold, revealing structural features that elicit antiviral activity. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that 9H-purine or 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine can serve as an alternative core structure. Overall, we have identified 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs including compounds 1, 8 and 11 as promising antiviral agents against flaviviruses ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV). While the molecular target of these compounds is yet to be elucidated, 4,7-di

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4

Wang, Liya, Ren Sun, and Staffan Eriksson. "The Kinetic Effects on Thymidine Kinase 2 by Enzyme-Bound dTTP May Explain the Mitochondrial Side Effects of Antiviral Thymidine Analogs." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 6 (2011): 2552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00109-11.

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ABSTRACTMitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) is a key enzyme in the salvage of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides needed for mitochondrial DNA synthesis. TK2 phosphorylates thymidine (dThd), deoxycytidine (dCyd), and many other antiviral pyrimidine nucleoside analogs. Zidovudine (AZT) is the first nucleoside analog approved for anti-HIV therapy, and it is still used in combination with other drugs. One of the side effects of long-term treatment with nucleoside analogs is mitochondrial DNA depletion, which has been ascribed to competition by AZT for the endogenous dThd phosphorylation carried out by

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5

Monier, Mohamed, Doaa Abdel-Latif, Ahmed El-Mekabaty, Başak D. Mert, and Khaled M. Elattar. "Advances in the Chemistry of 6-6 Bicyclic Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidines." Current Organic Synthesis 16, no. 6 (2019): 812–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666190704113647.

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The aim of this work is to discuss the chemistry of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as one of the most important heterocyclic compounds with remarkable synthetic, biological and medical applications. In this overview, the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds incorporated the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as demonstrated by chemical reactions and different preparation processes. The anticipated compounds were synthesized from pyridine or pyrimidine compounds and a description of the reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon and nitrogen atoms is discussed. On the other hand, the synthesis a

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6

Liboska, Radek, Milena Masojídková, and Ivan Rosenberg. "Carbocyclic Phosphonate-Based Nucleotide Analogs Related to PMEA II. Racemic cis-Configured Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 5 (1996): 778–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960778.

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Racemic N-(cis-2-phosphonomethoxycycloalkyl) derivatives of heterocyclic bases, a novel type of nucleotide analogs related to 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), are reported. The synthesis of adenine- (6a, 6b), uracil- (6c) and cytosine- (6d) containing carbocyclic phosphonates is based on the reaction of cis-2-hydroxycycloalkyl derivatives of protected nucleobases with diisopropyl tosyloxymethanephosphonate. The starting purine-containing nucleoside analogs 5a-5f were prepared by the Mitsunobu reaction of protected nucleobases with trans-2-benzyloxycycloalkanols, whereas pyrimidine-co

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7

Amatur, Roquia, and tam Tilak. "Design and Synthesis of Novel Chromeno Pyrimidine analogs of potential Antimicrobial properties." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Management 1, no. 2 (2016): 105–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5172238.

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The aim of the study is to design and synthesize the new bioactive heterocyclic compounds. Pyrimidine is an important class of heterocyclic compound that are known to possess important pharmacological and antimicrobial properties. 2H-chromenes are also known to possess antimicrobial properties. Chromeno pyrimidines are compounds having both pyrimidines and 2H-chromenes in their structures. Hence, the synthesis of novel chromeno pyrimidine containing chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl groups have been carried out by multi-step organic synthesis, in order to study their interesting antimicrobial pr

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8

Nielsen, P., and A. Bacher. "Biosynthesis of Riboflavin. A Simple Synthesis of the Substrate and Product of the Pyrimidine Deaminase and of Structural Analogs." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 10 (1988): 1358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-1025.

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2-Amino-5-nitro-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (7) was phosphorylated with chlorophosphoric acid yielding an isomer mixture containing about 63% of the 5´-phosphate 7a together with other monophosphates and bisphosphates of 7. Preparative HPLC afforded pure 7a. Catalytic hydrogenation of 7a yields the labile substrate of pyrimidine deaminase, 2,5-diamino-6-ribityl-amino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5´-phosphate (2a). The product of the enzyme, 5-amino-6-ribityl-amino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 5´-phosphate (4a), can be obtained from 5-nitro-6-ribityl-amino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (8) by an analogo

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9

Thanki, Pragna H., Dhaval V. Hingrajiya, Jayesh J. Modha, and Jalpa H. Vadgama. "Synthesis, characterization and antibiotic evaluation of various biologically active derivatives of 4-Alkylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile." Current Chemistry Letters 12, no. 3 (2023): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.3.002.

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Extensive research work has been published on Tetrahydro and Dihydropyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine-5-Carbonitrile and its analogs have demonstrated a large number of activities. Some 6-Halogenosubstituted pyrimidine analogs have also been reported to be biologically active to a certain extent, but the literature survey reveals not much report on 6-alkylated pyrimidine derivatives. Targeting enhancement in biologically useful properties of a lead molecule through the association of it with active pharmacophoric groups or molecules is a conventional method in pharmaceutical research. With an

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10

Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Anup Barde, and Sunita Rattan. "Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrimidine based Thiazolidinedione Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 5 (2020): 1101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22565.

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Novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) based pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation reaction between thiazolidine-2,4-dione and amino pyrimidinyl aliphatic aldehydes followed by heterogeneous metal reduction. Synthetic strategy involved nucleophillic substitution of hydroxyl protected six membered aliphatic chain on 4,6-dichloropyrimidine followed by Suzuki coupling. This approach is regioselective, efficient and versatile for synthesis of such analogs

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11

Gaybullayev, Sh, A. Nasrullayev, R. Kuryazov, H. A. Aisa, N. Chao, and Kh Bozorov Bozorov. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TARGETED SYNTHESIS OF 6-SUBSTITUTED-4 AMINO-7H-PYRROLO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINES AS JANUS KINASE INHIBITORS." 2022-yil 3-son (133/1) ANIQ FANLAR SERIYASI 1, no. 1 (2025): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.59251/2181-1296.2025.v1.149.2.3278.

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7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines or 7-deazapurines are analogs of purines, which are part of DNA and RNA found in the human body, and therefore exhibit a high level of biological activity. There are also several approved drugs containing the 7H-pyrrolo[2,3 d]pyrimidine nucleus, and most of them are used as Janus kinase inhibitors. This research work focuses on the synthesis of targeted compounds using molecular docking.

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12

Z h a o, J., K. h. A Bozorov, and H. A Aisa. "SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYVASICINONE ANALOGS." 2022-yil, 3-son (133/1) ANIQ FANLAR SERIYASI 5, no. 135/2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.59251/2181-1296.v5.1352.1162.

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Various five and six-membered analogs of deoxyvasicinone alkaloid was synthesized and systematically studied. Tricyclic pyrimidine derivatives were obtained via one step in good yields. Some compounds exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity.

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13

Amatur, Roquia, and Kumar DrManoj. "N SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ONNOVEL CHROMENO PYRIMIDINE ANALOGS FOR THEIR ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJREAS) 7, no. 5 (2017): 301–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5172537.

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The aim of the study is to synthesize the novel chiral heterocyclic compounds which are biologically active and conduct docking studies to understand the varius interactions between the synthesized compounds and micro organism.Pyrimidine is an important class of heterocyclic compound that are known to possess antimicrobial properties. 2H-chromenes are also known to possess antimicrobial properties. Chromenopyrimidines are compounds having both pyrimidines and 2H-chromenes rings. Hence, the synthesis of novel chromeno pyrimidine containing chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl groups have been carrie

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14

Holý, Antonín, Ivan Rosenberg, and Hana Dvořáková. "Synthesis of N-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) derivatives of heterocyclic bases." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 8 (1989): 2190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19892190.

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The preparation of N-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) derivatives of purine and pyrimidine bases, IV, as analogs of the antiviral 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA, I), is described. The synthesis consists in alkylation of alkali metal salts of heterocyclic bases or their N- or O-substituted derivatives with diethyl 2-p-toluenesulfonyloxyethoxymethylphosphonate (IIa), 2-chloroethoxymethylphosphonate (IIb) or 2-bromoethoxymethylphosphonate (IIc). The obtained N-(2-diethoxyphosphonylmethoxyethyl) derivatives of heterocyclic bases (III) were treated with bromotrimethylsilane to give phosphonic

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15

Galmarini, Carlos M., Lars Jordheim, and Charles Dumontet. "Pyrimidine nucleoside analogs in cancer treatment." Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 3, no. 5 (2003): 717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737140.3.5.717.

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16

Hitchings, George H. "Properties of purine and pyrimidine analogs." Advances in Enzyme Regulation 31 (January 1991): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0065-2571(91)90028-k.

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17

Maurya, Hardesh K., and Atul Gupta. "A convenient synthesis of pyrimidinone and pyrimidine containing bisheteroarenes and analogs." RSC Adv. 4, no. 42 (2014): 22106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01689k.

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18

Shafi, Shumaila, Ammara Chand, Mehwish Nawaz, et al. "Facile Synthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d] pyrimidine-2,4 (1H,3H) -dione Analogs via One Pot Multicomponent Reaction." FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/fcs.v1i1.2.

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Indeed, MCR technology is widely acknowledged now for its impact on drug discovery projects and is strongly supported by industry as well as academia. Uracil is an important one of the five nucleobases and significantly important because of their biological properties; of which 6-amino uracil is most important and can act as nucleophile and electrophile. 6-Aminouracils being rich are used as starting materials for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds of biological significance such as pyrido-, pyrazolo, pyrimido and pyrimidines derivatives. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H

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19

Al-Masoudi, Najim A., Yossra A. Marich, Niran J. Al-Salihi, and Bahjat Saeed. "Synthesis and Modeling Study of Some Potential Pyrimidine Derivatives as HIV Inhibitors." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 8 (2014): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-4107.

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A new series of 2-amino-6-((4-aryldiazenyl)benzyloxy)-4-chloropyrimidine derivatives 4 - 13 and 2,6-diamino-5-arylazo-4-chloro-pyrimidine analogs 15 - 20 were synthesized from the pyrimidine scaffolds 3 and 14, respectively, via diazotization with various amines. Nucleophilic displacement at the 2,4-diamino-5-arylazo-6-chloro-pyrimidine 16 by different amines afforded the 4-alkylamino analogs 21 - 27. All new compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV activity in MT-4 cells as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on the basis of our previous work. Screening results indicat

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20

N., Jeelan Basba, Upendar Reddy CH, and M. Goudgaon N. "Synthesis of novel 5-phenylselenenyl pyrimidine analogs." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 86, Jul 2009 (2009): 728–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814240.

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Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585 106, Karnataka, India <em>E-mail </em>: naganna_g@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 25 January 2008, revised 9 January 2009, accepted 26 February 2009</em> 5-Phenylselenenyl-4-substituted-2-benzylthiopyrimidine analogs were prepared efficiently in four steps. Reaction of 2-thiouracil with benzyl chloride In presence of base furnishes 2-benzylthio uracil, which on reaction with phenylselenenyl chloride in pyridine under anhydrous conditions yielded 5-phenylselenenyl-2-beozylthio uracil. Chlorination of 5-phenylse

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21

Lagardère, Prisca, Cyril Fersing, Nicolas Masurier, and Vincent Lisowski. "Thienopyrimidine: A Promising Scaffold to Access Anti-Infective Agents." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 1 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15010035.

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Thienopyrimidines are widely represented in the literature, mainly due to their structural relationship with purine base such as adenine and guanine. This current review presents three isomers—thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidines—and their anti-infective properties. Broad-spectrum thienopyrimidines with biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral inspired us to analyze and compile their structure–activity relationship (SAR) and classify their synthetic pathways. This review explains the main access route to syn

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22

Li, Lei. "Using Organic Synthesis and Chemical Analysis to Understand the Photochemistry of Spore Photoproduct and Other Pyrimidine Dimers." Synlett 29, no. 01 (2017): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590981.

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Pyrimidine dimerization is the dominant DNA photoreaction occurring in vitro and in vivo. Three types of dimers, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs), and the spore photoproduct (SP), are formed from the direct dimerization process; it is of significance to understand the photochemistry and photobiology of these dimers. Traditionally, pyrimidine dimerization was studied by using the natural pyrimidine residues thymine and cytosine, which share similar chemical structures and similar reactivity, making it sometimes less straightforward for one

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23

Nerkar, Avinash U. "Use of Pyrimidine and Its Derivative in Pharmaceuticals: A Review." Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2021): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jacs.239.21070203.

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The pharmacological activities of the pyrimidine nucleus were impressive. Compounds with a pyrimidine nucleus have a broad variety of pharmaceutical applications, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, sedatives and hypnotics, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anti-thyroid, anti-Alzheimer and, according to the literature. As a result, the focus of this review is on research on various pharmaceuticals activities of pyrimidine analogs that has recently been published in the scientific literature.

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24

Pal, Pinki. "Recent Advancements in the Synthesis of Pyrimidine-based Analogs as Anti-bacterial Agents: A Review." INDIAN JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 34, no. 04 (2024): 489. https://doi.org/10.59467/ijhc.2024.34.489.

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One of the most effective tools for preventing bacterial strain-caused infections is anti-microbial agents. Increased microbial resistance to anti-microbial treatments has recently become a significant health concern, necessitating the development of innovative, potent, and safe anti-microbial agents. Pyrimidine derivatives have occupied a unique position in the field of medicinal chemistry. The inclusion of the pyrimidine nucleus in synthetic drugs is crucial in the quest for novel medications. The multidirectional biological actions of pyrimidine and its derivatives have been extensively stu

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25

Sowmya, P. T., A. S. Paniraj, K. M. Lokanatha Rai, and Anitha Sudhir. "Synthesis and biological activity of some new podophyllotoxin bearing pyrimidine moiety." INDIAN JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 34, no. 03 (2024): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.59467/ijhc.2024.34.267.

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Podophyllotoxin (PPT), a naturally occurring aryltetralin-type lignan obtained from Podophyllin, an ethanolic extract of Podophyllum peltatum L. (syn. P. hexandnum Royle), exhibits marked biological activity as strong antineoplastic drugs and antiviral agents. Chemical transformations performed on PPT resulted in analogs which also display potent cytotoxic, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activities. In the present research, ten new compounds of PPTs 2a-l bearing pyrimidine moiety were synthesized by the reaction of PPT (1) with 2-methyl sulphonyl pyrimidines in the presence of tetrahydrofura

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26

Cappellacci, Loredana, Palmarisa Franchetti, Riccardo Petrelli, et al. "Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogs of 3'-C-Methyladenosine as Antitumor Agents." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, no. 7 (2006): 1088–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20061088.

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3'-C-Methyladenosine (3'-Me-Ado) is a mechanism-based ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor endowed with antitumor activity against both human leukemia and carcinoma cell lines. In this paper, we report the synthesis and antitumor evaluation of a series of purine and pyrimidine 3'-C-methylribonucleoside analogs of 3'-Me-Ado. A stereoselective synthesis of the arabino analog of 3'-Me-Ado is also described. Among the tested compounds, only 3'-C-methyluridine showed moderate antitumor activity against human myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line.

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27

Sushma Somkuwar and Neelesh Chaubey. "Pyrimidine derivatives: Their significance in the battle against malaria, cancer and viral infections." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 2 (2023): 076–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.25.2.0451.

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Pyrimidine derivatives play a significant role in combating viral infections, malaria, and cancer due to their diverse pharmacological properties. Pyrimidine derivatives, particularly nucleoside analogs, have been widely used as antiviral agents. They interfere with viral replication by inhibiting DNA or RNA synthesis.Examples include drugs like acyclovir (used against herpes viruses), lamivudine (for HIV and hepatitis B), and remdesivir (for COVID-19). These compounds help to manage and treat various viral infections, reducing their severity and spread. Pyrimidine derivatives are key componen

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28

Sushma, Somkuwar, and Chaubey Neelesh. "Pyrimidine derivatives: Their significance in the battle against malaria, cancer and viral infections." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 2 (2023): 076–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10608620.

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Pyrimidine derivatives play a significant role in combating viral infections, malaria, and cancer due to their diverse pharmacological properties. Pyrimidine derivatives, particularly nucleoside analogs, have been widely used as antiviral agents. They interfere with viral replication by inhibiting DNA or RNA synthesis.Examples include drugs like acyclovir (used against herpes viruses), lamivudine (for HIV and hepatitis B), and remdesivir (for COVID-19). These compounds help to manage and treat various viral infections, reducing their severity and spread. Pyrimidine derivatives are key componen

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29

El-Mekabaty, Ahmed, Hassan A. Etman, Ahmed Mosbah, and Ahmed A. Fadda. "Reactivity of Barbituric, Thiobarbituric Acids and Their Related Analogues: Synthesis of Substituted and Heterocycles-based Pyrimidines." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 14 (2020): 1610–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200608134859.

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Barbituric, thiobarbituric acids and their related analogs are reactive synthons for the synthesis of drugs and biologically, and pharmaceutically active pyrimidines. The present review aimed to summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of different alkylsubstituted, fused cycles, spiro-, and binary heterocycles incorporated pyrimidine skeleton based on barbituric derivatives. In this sequence, the eco-friendly techniques under catalytic conditions were used for the diverse types of multicomponent reactions under different conditions for the synthesis of various types of heterocycles. Nan

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30

Al-Masoudi, Najim A., Azhar Abbas, and Mohammed J. B. Al-Asadi. "Synthesis, biological activity and modeling study of some thiopyrimidine derivatives and their platinum(II) and ruthenium(III) metal complexes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 70, no. 5 (2015): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2014-0246.

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AbstractA new series of 6-amino-5-(aryldiazenyl)-N1,N3-dimethyl-2-thioxo-pyrimidin-4-one derivatives 17–27 and the N1-methyl-azothiopyrimidine analog 28 were synthesized from the pyrimidine derivatives 4 and 5, respectively, via diazotization reaction, with various amines. The platinum(II) metal complexes [bis(4-amino-N3-methyl-6-oxo-2-thioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)]Pt(II) (29) and [(6-amino-5-(4-R-phenyl)diazenyl)-N1,N3-dimethyl-2-thioxo-pyrimidin-4-one)]Pt(II)Cl2 derivatives 30–33 were prepared from the treatment of 5 and the azo analogs 17 and 21–23 with PtCl2, respectively. Analogously, 5 and 17 w

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31

Griffon, Jean-François, Sue C. Shaddix, William B. Parker та ін. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 4'-C-(Hydroxymethyl)-α- and -β-D-Arabinofuranosyl Pyrimidine and Adenine Nucleosides". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, № 7 (2006): 1063–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20061063.

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A series of 4'-C-(hydroxymethyl) analogs of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides have been prepared utilizing standard methodologies, and the α and β anomers were separated. These analogs are part of our continuing efforts to identify new anticancer drugs as well as to explore the substrate specificities of these analogs with the initial activating enzymes in the metabolic pathway leading to nucleoside triphosphates. Although not cytotoxic to CCRF-CEM cells (an acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-cell origin), many of these compounds were utilized as substrates for the various human nucleoside kina

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32

Monier, Mohamed, Doaa Abdel-Latif, Ahmed El-Mekabaty, and Khaled M. Elattar. "Bicyclic 6 + 6 Systems: Advances in the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds Incorporated Pyrimido[1,2-a]Pyrimidine Skeleton." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 6 (2020): 717–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557519666190925161145.

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The present review has highlighted the chemistry of pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine compounds as one of the most important classes of heterocyclic systems. The main sections include: (1) The synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines, (2) reactivity of the substituents attached to the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the ring and (3) biological applications. A discussion demonstrated that the proposed mechanisms of unexpected synthetic routes were intended. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the chemistry of pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines to date, in which the compounds should be widely ap

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33

Taylor, Edward C., and Wendy B. Young. "Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine Folate Analogs: "Inverted" Analogs of the Cytotoxic Agent LY231514." Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 24 (1995): 7947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00129a040.

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34

García-Raso, Angel, Angel Terrón, Juan J. Fiol, et al. "Modified-amino acid/peptide pyrimidine analogs: synthesis, structural characterization and DFT studies of N-(pyrimidyl)gabapentine and N-(pyrimidyl)baclofen." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 47 (2021): 22053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj04639j.

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H-Bonding networks and π–π and halogen bonding interactions in the crystal structures of N-modified amino acid pyrimidine analogs are investigated using DFT calculations and X-ray crystallography analysis.

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35

Hormigo, Daniel, Jon Del Arco, Javier Acosta, Maximilian J. L. J. Fürst, and Jesús Fernández-Lucas. "Engineering a Bifunctional Fusion Purine/Pyrimidine Nucleoside Phosphorylase for the Production of Nucleoside Analogs." Biomolecules 14, no. 9 (2024): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14091196.

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Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPs) are pivotal enzymes in the salvage pathway, catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of nucleosides to produce nucleobases and α-D-ribose 1-phosphate. Due to their efficiency in catalyzing nucleoside synthesis from purine or pyrimidine bases, these enzymes hold significant industrial importance in the production of nucleoside-based drugs. Given that the thermodynamic equilibrium for purine NPs (PNPs) is favorable for nucleoside synthesis—unlike pyrimidine NPs (PyNPs, UP, and TP)—multi-enzymatic systems combining PNPs with PyNPs, UPs, or TPs are commonly employed

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36

Ducharme, Yves, and Kimberly A. Harrison. "A versatile approach to the synthesis of oligonucleotide analogs containing neutral 5'-thioformacetal internucleoside linkages." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 8 (1999): 1410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-135.

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Activation of nucleoside donors 5 by sulfuryl chloride followed by the addition of 5'-thionucleoside acceptors 3 yields 5'-thioformacetal dinucleotide analogs 6 with in situ trapping of liberated methanesulfenyl chloride with cyclohexene. Purine as well as pyrimidine derivatives can be part of a coupling reaction as nucleoside donors or acceptors. The dimethoxytrityl protecting group is compatible with the present coupling methodology allowing differential 3',5'-end protection. The synthesis of longer oligonucleotides is also possible as shown by the preparation of trinucleotide analog 23.Key

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37

N., M. Goudgaon, and Upendar Reddy CH. "Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of novel formazans incorporating pyrimidine ring." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 86, Jun 2009 (2009): 617–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5811791.

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Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585 106, Karnataka, India <em>E-mail</em> : naganna_g@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 21 January 2008, revised 12 January 2009, accepted 26 February 2009</em> Reaction of 5-substituted-4(3<em>H</em>)-one-2-mercaptopyrimidines 1a and 1b with hydrazine hydrate furnishes 5-substituted-4(3<em>H</em>)-one-2-hydrazinopyrimidines 2a and 2b. Condensation of compounds 2a and 2b with salicylaldehyde and anisaldehyde yields 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-(5<em>'</em>-substituted-4<em>'</em>(3<em>'H</em>)-one)-2<em>'</

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38

ISMAIL, UPENDAR REDDY CH, and THALARI GANGADHAR. "Synthesis of Novel 5-Phenylselenenyl-2,4-Disubstituted Pyrimidine Analogs." Chemical Science Transactions 1, no. 1 (2012): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7598/cst2012.127.

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39

Clausen, A. R., S. A. L. Al Meani, and J. Piškur. "Pasteurella MultocidaThymidine Kinase 1 Efficiently Activates Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogs." Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 29, no. 4-6 (2010): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15257771003729716.

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40

Saudi, M. N. S., M. R. Gaafar, M. Z. El-Azzouni, M. A. Ibrahim, and M. M. Eissa. "Synthesis and evaluation of some pyrimidine analogs against toxoplasmosis." Medicinal Chemistry Research 17, no. 9 (2008): 541–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-008-9097-0.

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41

Dunkel, Martin, P. Dan Cook, and Oscar L. Acevedo. "Synthesis of novel C-2 substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogs." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 30, no. 5 (1993): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570300540.

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42

Hronowski, Lucjan J. J., та Walter A. Szarek. "Synthesis of cyclopentane analogs of 1-(2′,3′-dideoxy-β-glycero-pentofuranosyl)pyrimidine nucleosides". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, № 1 (1988): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-009.

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Synthesis of new carbocyclic analogs of 1-(2′,3′-dideoxy-glycero-pentofuranosyl)pyrimidine nucleosides having the uracil (34), 2-thiouracil (33), 2-thiothymine (31), cytosine (44), and 5-methylcytosine (43) bases is described. The nucleoside analogs having the uracil, 2-thiouracil, and 2-thiothymine bases were prepared by coupling cis-3-aminocyclopentanemethanol (8) with 3-ethoxypropenoyl isocyanate (26), 3-ethoxypropenoyl isothiocyanate (25), and 3-methoxy-2-methylpropenoyl isothiocyanate (23), respectively, to give the corresponding acyl urea (30) and acyl thioureas (29 and 27). The acyl ure

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43

Hashemzadeh, Mohammad S. "Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) as a novel tool in the detection and treatment of biological threatening diseases." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 124, no. 1 (2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2021.124.1.7.

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"Abstract: Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are nanostructures similar to nucleic acid molecules (synthetic DNA/RNA analogs) wherein the negatively charged backbone (sugar-phosphate) present in DNA/RNA molecules is replaced by a backbone without polyamide or peptide charge. Later, it was found that PNAs containing both purine and pyrimidine bases form highly stable duplexes with DNA and RNA. Although it is not as stable as 2PNA/DNA triplexes containing a homopyrimidine strand, it is still more stable than DNA/DNA and/or DNA/RNA duplexes. The unique characteristics of PNAs add new aspects to these

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44

Kaneshiro, Edna S., Donggeun Sul, and Banasri Hazra. "Effects of Atovaquone and Diospyrin-Based Drugs on Ubiquinone Biosynthesis in Pneumocystis carinii Organisms." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 1 (2000): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.1.14-18.2000.

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ABSTRACT The naphthoquinone atovaquone is effective againstPlasmodium and Pneumocystis carinii carinii. InPlasmodium, the primary mechanism of drug action is an irreversible binding to the mitochondrial cytochromebc 1 complex as an analog of ubiquinone. Blockage of the electron transport chain ultimately inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis since dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in pyrimidine biosynthesis, is unable to transfer electrons to ubiquinone. In the present study, the effect of atovaquone was examined on Pneumocystis carinii carinii coenzyme Q biosynthesis (rather than

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45

Romeo, Roberto, Daniela Iannazzo, Lucia Veltri, et al. "Pyrimidine 2,4-Diones in the Design of New HIV RT Inhibitors." Molecules 24, no. 9 (2019): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091718.

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The pyrimidine nucleus is a versatile core in the development of antiretroviral agents. On this basis, a series of pyrimidine-2,4-diones linked to an isoxazolidine nucleus have been synthesized and tested as nucleoside analogs, endowed with potential anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity. Compounds 6a–c, characterized by the presence of an ethereal group at C-3, show HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor activity in the nanomolar range as well as HIV-infection inhibitor activity in the low micromolar with no toxicity. In the same context, compound 7b shows only a negligible inhib

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46

Sato, Yuzuru, Akiko Ozaki, Masahiro Hosaka, Tomohisa Moriguchi, and Kazuo Shinozuka. "Synthesis and Properties of Fluorescent Biological Molecules Labeled with Novel Silylated Perylene Derivative." Key Engineering Materials 459 (December 2010): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.459.63.

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We have synthesized novel perylene derivatives bearing a silyl function with modifiable functional groups as a feasible material for visualizing biological substances. The fluorescent perylene derivative was coupled to C-5 position of pyrimidine nucleotide and the nucleotide was subsequently incorporated to the middle position of oligoDNA using an automated DNA synthesizer. Also, the derivative was coupled with a cholesterol analog with different length of linking alkyl function. The resulting modified fluorescent oligoDNA exhibited a small change in its fluorescent signal upon hybridization w

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47

Read, Matthew L., Morten Brændvang, Pedro O. Miranda, and Lise-Lotte Gundersen. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine analogs of antimycobacterial purines." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 11 (2010): 3885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.035.

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48

Jiménez, Barbara M., Peter Kranz, Choy Soong Lee, Annette M. Gero, and William J. O'Sullivan. "Inhibition of uridine phosphorylase from Giardia lamblia by pyrimidine analogs." Biochemical Pharmacology 38, no. 21 (1989): 3785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(89)90586-8.

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49

Easter, John A., and Wayne T. Stolle. "Synthesis of several isotopically labeled pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyrimidine analogs." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 44, no. 11 (2001): 797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.506.

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50

Chuprun, Sergey, Dmitry Dar’in, Elizaveta Rogacheva, et al. "Mutually Isomeric 2- and 4-(3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidines Inspired by an Antimycobacterial Screening Hit: Synthesis and Biological Activity against the ESKAPE Panel of Pathogens." Antibiotics 9, no. 10 (2020): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100666.

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Starting from the structure of antimycobacterial screening hit OTB-021 which was devoid of activity against ESKAPE pathogens, we designed, synthesized and tested two mutually isomeric series of novel simplified analogs, 2- and 4-(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidines, bearing various amino side chains. These compounds demonstrated a reverse bioactivity profile being inactive against M. tuberculosis while inhibiting the growth of all ESKAPE pathogens (with variable potency patterns) except for Gram-negative P. aeruginosa. Reduction potentials (E1/2, V) measured for selected compounds by cyclic

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