Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pyroclastic flow

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pyroclastic flow'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pyroclastic flow"

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Shimomura, Makoto, Wilfridus F. S. Banggur, and Agoes Loeqman. "Numerical Simulation of Pyroclastic Flow at Mt. Semeru in 2002." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0116.

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Mt. Semeru (3676 m asl.) is an active volcano in Indonesia. Mt. Semeru has a specific topography i.e., a large straight scar in its south-east flank. The geometry of the scar is approx. 2 km in length and 300–500 m width. The scar is connected to three major drainage channels: the Kobokan River, the Kembar River, and the Bang River. On December 29, 2002, a pyroclastic flow (PF) with an approximate volume of 3.25 × 106m3was generated and it traveled 9–11 km along the Bang River. This pyroclastic flow was the largest among the ones generated from 2002–2003 eruptions of Mt. Semeru. All prior recorded pyroclastic flows traveled 1–2.5 km along the Kembar channel. Thus, this pyroclastic flow suddenly changed its flow path, and it traveled more than three times longer than its antecedents. To investigate the cause of the sudden change, a simulated reproduction of this pyroclastic flow was carried out by employing the numerical simulation method proposed by Yamashita and Miyamoto (1993). Due to the uncertainty of the volume of each pyroclastic flow and the temporal change of deposition thickness, a total of 12 simulation cases were set up, with variations in the number of sequence events, the duration of inflow at the upper reach of the flow, and the inter-granular friction factor. The simulation results showed that to explain the sudden change in flow path, the Kembar channel, around 3 km from the vent, has to be buried by antecedent pyroclastic flows. Furthermore, the individual volumes of the prior flows must be less than 0.25–1× 106m3, with an inflow duration of less than 1 min. The friction factor must be set to be 0.5. By using the most acceptable case, the simulated pyroclastic flows were in good agreement with observed results. The results implied that careful investigation and continuous monitoring of the area at 1500–2000 m asl. on the south-east flank of Mt. Semeru are important to prepare for future pyroclastic flows.
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Battaglia, Maurizio. "On pyroclastic flow emplacement." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 98, B12 (December 10, 1993): 22269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jb02059.

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Shimomura, Makoto, Raditya Putra, Niken Angga Rukmini, and Sulistiyani. "Numerical Simulation of Mt. Merapi Pyroclastic Flow in 2010." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0105.

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A pyroclastic flow is one of the most dangerous hazardous phenomena. To escape a pyroclastic flow, the influenceable area must be evacuated before the flow occurs. Therefore, to predict the inundation area of a pyroclastic flow is important, and numerical simulation is a helpful tool in this prediction. This study simulated a pyroclastic flow by reproducing the pyroclastic flow of Mt. Merapi that occurred in 2010. However, necessary detailed information of the flow to conduct the simulation, such as total volume and the property of the pyroclastic flow material, flow rate, etc., were not available. Therefore, 20 simulations were conducted, varying the important conditions, such as the volume of pyroclastic material, inter-granular friction factor, and duration of the flow. The results showed that the volume of the pyroclastic material and inter-granular friction factor strongly control the flow characteristics. However, the friction factor does not result in a wide range of values; therefore, volume is the most influencing factor. The most suitable condition is a total volume of pyroclastic material of 30 × 106m3, a 5 min duration of flow, and a 0.6 friction factor.
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Rukmini, Niken Angga, Sulistiyani, and Makoto Shimomura. "Numerical Simulation of Historical Pyroclastic Flows of Merapi (1994, 2001, and 2006 Eruptions)." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0090.

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Merapi has become one of the most enticing volcanoes due to its activity over the past century. Although we have to agree that the 2010 VEI = 4 (Volcanic Explosivity Index, [1]) eruption is the greatest in its recorded history, Merapi is more famous for its shorter cycle of smaller scale, making it one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. Many mechanisms are involved in an eruption, and pyroclastic flow is the most dangerous occurrence in terms of volcanic hazard. A pyroclastic flow is defined as a high-speed avalanche consisted of high temperature mixture of rock fragments and gas, resulted from lava dome collapse and/or gravitational column collapse. Researchers have studied Merapi’s history and behavior, and numerical simulations are an important tool for future hazard mitigation. By utilizing numerical simulation on basal part of pyroclastic flow, we investigated the applicability of the simulation on pyroclastic flows from historical eruptions of Merapi (1994, 2001, and 2006). Herein, we present a total of 32 simulations and discuss the areas affected by pyroclastic flows and the factors that affect the simulation results.
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Valentine, Greg A. "Stratified flow in pyroclastic surges." Bulletin of Volcanology 49, no. 4 (August 1987): 616–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01079967.

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Hayashi, Naoki, Yudzuru Inoue, Tatsuichiro Kawano, and Jun Inoue. "Phytoliths as an indicator of change in vegetation related to the huge volcanic eruption at 7.3 ka in the southernmost part of Kyushu, southern Japan." Holocene 31, no. 5 (April 19, 2021): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988057.

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Volcanic eruptions can have a significant influence on adjacent ecosystems; however, little is known about the long-term vegetation change related to eruptions. In this study, we examined phytolith records in paleosols at multiple sites in the southern Kyushu District, Japan, to assess the influence of the Kikai caldera eruption 7300 years ago on vegetation. Our results show the vegetational difference before and after the eruption in the study region. Specifically, in the area where the pyroclastic flows distributed more thickly, the original evergreen forest was replaced by Andropogoneae grasslands after the eruption, which has been dominating the landscape in this area for at least 900 years. By contrast, in areas only mildly affected by pyroclastic flows, despite the temporary replacement of forest by grassland, the forest developed and flourished within several hundreds of years of the eruption. This is because a large amount of pyroclastic flow would have devastated all of the vegetation, whereas smaller amounts would have left some untouched forest sites within refugia. Our findings suggest that the vegetation varied significantly depending on the amount of pyroclastic flow reaching the area, even within the pyroclastic flow distributed region.
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Doyle, Emma E., Andrew J. Hogg, and Heidy M. Mader. "A two-layer approach to modelling the transformation of dilute pyroclastic currents into dense pyroclastic flows." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2129 (November 17, 2010): 1348–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0402.

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Most models of volcanic ash flows assume that the flow is either dilute or dense, with dynamics dominated by fluid turbulence or particle collisions, respectively. However, most naturally occurring flows feature both of these end members. To this end, a two-layer model for the formation of dense pyroclastic basal flows from dilute, collapsing volcanic eruption columns is presented. Depth-averaged, constant temperature, continuum conservation equations to describe the collapsing dilute current are derived. A dense basal flow is then considered to form at the base of this current owing to sedimentation of particles and is modelled as a granular avalanche of constant density. We present results which show that the two-layer model can predict much larger maximum runouts than would be expected from single-layer models, based on either dilute or dense conditions, as the dilute surge can outrun the dense granular flow, or vice versa, depending on conditions.
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HIRANO, Muneo. "Debris Flow and Pyroclastic Flow at Unzen Volcano." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW 7, no. 3 (1993): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3811/jjmf.7.220.

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FREUNDT, A. "Chapter 6 Pyroclastic flow transport mechanisms." Developments in Volcanology 4 (1998): 173–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1871-644x(01)80007-3.

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Sheridan, Michael F., Bernard Hubbard, Gerardo Carrasco-núñez, and Claus Siebe. "Pyroclastic Flow Hazard at Volcán Citlaltépetl." Natural Hazards 33, no. 2 (October 2004): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nhaz.0000037028.89829.d1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyroclastic flow"

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Douillet, Guilhem Amin. "Flow and sedimentation of pyroclastic density currents." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-182857.

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Rowley, Pete. "Analogue modelling of pyroclastic density current deposition." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/88a78dfe-a825-5663-2af7-835ddd9f4cb3/8/.

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A series of analogue flume experiments are used to investigate initiation, flow and deposition of static piles of polymict materials, the sorting during transport, and the three dimensional geometry of the resulting deposits. Sequential charges are used to investigate the effects and extent of reworking. The particle heterogeneity is designed to simulate typical PDC make-up, with analogues for juvenile pumice and lithic clasts, as well as the fine-grained pumiceous material which makes up the bulk of the flow. Analogue flume experiments are used to investigate the generation of complex facies variations typical of pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits. Polymict charges are developed to behave as analogues for the particle size and density contrasts present in PDC (i.e. lithic and juvenile pumice clasts), and investigate the effect of granular sorting during flow on the geometry of deposit architectures. Multiple charges are used to simulate pulses or sequences of separate PDC in order to assess the extent and effects of reworking. 3D visualisation of the resulting deposits reveals stratigraphies analogous to those seen in PDC, including pumice ‘rafting' or over-passing and inverse grading of pumice, and normal grading of lithics by simple gravitational granular sorting. Reworking between differentially-coloured layers makes several complex shear-derived Kelvin-Helmholtz instability features apparent, from fully developed rotational eddies, to less developed recumbent flame structures. The implications for the formation of these in PDC are assessed, including the potential influences on temperature proxy data, radiogenic dating by included phenocrysts (40Ar/39Ar) or charcoals (14C), calculation of eruptive volumes, sedimentation rates and flow velocity.
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Campbell, Bruce A., Gareth A. Morgan, Jennifer L. Whitten, Lynn M. Carter, Lori S. Glaze, and Donald B. Campbell. "Pyroclastic flow deposits on Venus as indicators of renewed magmatic activity." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625517.

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Radar bright deposits on Venus that have diffuse margins suggest eruptions that distribute debris over large areas due to ground-hugging flows from plume collapse. We examine deposits in eastern Eistla, western Eistla, Phoebe, and Dione Regiones using Magellan data and Earth-based radar maps. The radar bright units have no marginal lobes or other features consistent with viscous flow. Their morphology, radar echo strength, polarization properties, and microwave emissivity are consistent with mantling deposits composed of few centimeters or larger clasts. This debris traveled downhill up to similar to 100km on modest slopes and blanketed lava flows and tectonic features to depths of tens of centimeters to a few meters over areas up to 40x10(3)km(2). There is evidence for ongoing removal and exhumation of previously buried terrain. A newly identified occurrence is associated with a ridge belt south of Ushas Mons. We also note radar bright streaks of coarse material west of Rona Chasma that reflect the last traces of a deposit mobilized by winds from the formation of Mirabeau crater. If the radar bright units originate by the collapse of eruption columns, with coarse fragmental material entrained and fluidized by hot gases, then their extent suggests large erupted volatile (CO2 or H2O) amounts. We propose that these deposits reflect the early stage of renewed magmatic activity, with volatile-rich, disrupted magma escaping through vents in fractured regions of the upper crust. Rapidly eroding under Venus surface conditions or buried by subsequent eruptions, these markers of recently renewed activity have disappeared from older regions.
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Ritchie, Lucy Jane. "Field and experimental studies of pyroclastic density currents and their associated deposits." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/595146.

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The transport and emplacement mechanisms of the highly energetic pyroclastic density current (PDC) generated in the blast style eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, on 26 December 1997 are examined through detailed lithological mapping and sedimentological analysis of the deposits. The PDC formed deposits which range in grain size from coarse breccias to fine ash, with distinctive bipartite layering and well-developed grading and stratification. On a large scale the PDC was highly erosive, sculpting large bedforms and depositing relatively thin deposits. However, locally, centimetre scale topographic protuberances were responsible for significant variations in deposit thickness, grain size, and the development of dune bedforms. The strong lateral and vertical lithofacies variations are attributed to well-developed density stratification, which formed during explosive expansion of the dome prior to PDC formation. Experimental modelling of stratified inertial gravity currents was carried out to investigate the effects of density stratification prior to release of the current. The degree of stratification governs the rate of mixing in the current, which in turn influences the velocity. Well·stratified currents initially move faster than homogenous currents but are slower in the latter stages of current propagation. The results have important implications for deposition from particle-laden flows, which may become stratified with coarser material concentrated at the base of the current. The role of PDCs jn the formation of unit US2-B, emplaced during the Upper Scoriae 2 eruption (79± 8 ka) on Santorini, Greece, was investigated through sedimentological analysis and mapping. Proximally, the unit exhibits features characteristic of emplacement from a flow, such as thickening into palaeochannels and erosive basal contacts. Distally, the unit is of uniform thickness and grain size parameters suggest the deposit is more characteristic of exnplacement from a fallout mechanism. Discrete lenses of fine-grained material within US2-B, and a gradational upper contact with PDC deposits suggest that there may have been contemporaneous deposition resulting the development of a hybrid deposit.
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Emery, William Daniel. "Geology and Eruptive History of the Late Oligocene Nathrop Volcanics, Central Colorado Volcanic Field." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1299733477.

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Petriello, John A. Jr. "Thicknesses and Density-Current Velocities of a Low-Aspect Ratio Ignimbrite at the Pululagua Volcanic Complex, Ecuador, Derived from Ground Penetrating Radar." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3819.

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The thinning trend of a low-aspect ratio ignimbrite (LARI) in a direction of increasing topographic relief at the Pululagua Volcanic Complex, Ecuador, is established by correlating continuous ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles and radar reflector behavior with stratigraphic measurements and unit behavior. Minimum density-current and vertical (cross-sectional) velocity analyses of the LARIs parent pyroclastic density-current are performed by analyzing the exchange of kinetic energy for potential energy in an upslope direction. Continuous GPR profiles were acquired in a direction of increasing topographic relief with the intent of identifying the LARI within the GPR record and examining the relationships between the LARI and the underlying paleo-topographical surface. Stratigraphic measurements recorded throughout the field area demonstrate that the LARI thins 7.5 m in an upslope direction (over 480 m distance and 95 m elevation). Stratigraphic measurements enable correlations with GPR profiles, resulting in LARI identification. By utilizing GPR derived paleo-topographical surface elevations, minimum flow velocities of the LARI-producing parent pyroclastic density-current at the base of upslope flow are shown to be at least 25 m/s. Vertical velocity analyses based on the identification of internal GPR reflectors, interpreted as flow streamlines, yield pyroclastic surge-like cross-sectional velocity profiles of the LARIs parent density-current. Maximum density-current velocities at the base of upslope flow reach 24 m/s and diminish toward the base of the current.
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Yamasato, Hitoshi. "Study on infrasonic waves associated with growth and collapse of dacitic lava dome and pyroclastic flow at Unzen volcano, Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182452.

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Douillet, Guilhem Amin [Verfasser], and Donald Bruce [Akademischer Betreuer] Dingwell. "Flow and sedimentation of pyroclastic density currents : from large scale to boundary layer processes / Guilhem Amin Douillet. Betreuer: Donald Bruce Dingwell." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072038501/34.

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Gueugneau, Valentin. "Etude de la formation et de la mise en place des déferlantes pyroclastiques par modélisations numérique et expérimentale." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC050/document.

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Les écoulements pyroclastiques sont des écoulements volcaniques complexes dont le comportement physique fait encore l'objet de débats. Ils sont composés de deux parties : l'écoulement dense basal, riche en particules et en blocs, surmonté par la déferlante, diluée et turbulente. Les interactions entre ces deux parties ne sont pas bien comprises, tout comme leurs échanges de masses et de quantités de mouvement. Partant de ce constat, cette thèse se concentre sur l’étude des mécanismes de formation de la déferlante à partir de l’écoulement dense.Les expériences mettent en évidence un mécanisme de formation d'un écoulement dilué par l’alternance d’incorporation d'air et d’élutriation des particules fines d’un lit granulaire dense soumis à des vibrations. L'air est aspiré dans le lit granulaire pendant les phases de dilatation puis expulsé pendant les phases de contraction. Une partie des particules est alors soutenue par l'air turbulent expulsé et forme un mélange de gaz et de particules qui, plus dense que l’air, se transforme en un écoulement de gravité. Extrapolé à l’échelle d’un volcan, ce mécanisme d’incorporation d’air et d’élutriation peut être reproduit par une topographie rugueuse, où chaque obstacle génère une compaction puis une dilation de l’écoulement dense. La quantification du mécanisme a été effectuée et l’approche expérimentale a permis d’aboutir à une loi reliant le flux de masse de la partie dense vers la déferlante à la vitesse de l’écoulement dense. Le modèle numérique est utilisé dans un premier temps pour étudier la rhéologie de l’écoulement dense qui, en contrôlant sa vitesse, contrôle le flux de masse précédemment évoqué. Un chapitre est consacré à l’effet de la fluidisation de l’écoulement dense sur sa rhéologie. Les résultats montrent que la fluidisation par les gaz est capable d’expliquer à la fois la grande mobilité de ces écoulements, ainsi que la formation des morphologies terminales en lobes et chenaux. L’ingestion d’air dans un écoulement au cours de sa mise en place semble pouvoir expliquer une partie de la dynamique des écoulements denses. Des rhéologies simples, de premier ordre, ont également été analysées : la rhéologie de Coulomb, la rhéologie plastique, et la rhéologie à coefficient de frottement variable. Les résultats montrent que la rhéologie plastique semble la mieux adaptée pour reproduire la vitesse et l’extension des écoulements denses.Ce modèle numérique a ensuite été utilisé pour tester la loi de flux de masse obtenue suite aux expériences de laboratoire. Appliqués à l’effondrement de dôme du 25 juin 1997 à la Soufriere Hills de Montserrat, les résultats montrent que les simulations reproduisent des dépôts de déferlantes dont l’épaisseur et l’extension sont tout à fait réalistes. Les simulations reproduisent même les écoulements denses secondaires issus de la sédimentation de la déferlante puis de la remobilisation des dépôts. Les cycles d’ingestion/expulsion d’air dans l’écoulement dense, par interaction avec la topographie, expliqueraient donc à la fois la grande fluidité des écoulements denses et la formation des déferlantes pyroclastiques. Les résultats de cette thèse mettent à jour un mécanisme nouveau qui pourrait être la clé de la mise en place des écoulements pyroclastiques et pourrait permettre d’améliorer la prévision future des risques et des menaces par modélisation numérique
Small volume pyroclastic density currents are complex volcanic flows, whose physical behaviour is still debated. They comprise two parts: the pyroclastic flow, rich in particles and blocks, overridden by the ash-cloud surge, a turbulent and dilute flow. The interactions between these two parts are not fully understood, as well as their exchanges of mass and momentum. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the investigation of ash-cloud surge formation mechanisms from the pyroclastic flow. The experiments reveal a mechanism of dilute flow formation by alternation of air incorporation into and elutriation of fine particles from a dense granular bed subjected to vibrations. The air is aspirated into the granular bed during dilatations, and expulsed during the contraction phases. A part of the particles are then sustained by the turbulent expulsed air and form a mixture of gas and particles that transforms into a gravity current. Extrapolated to a volcanic edifice, this mechanism of air incorporation and elutriation can be reproduced by a rough topography, where each obstacle generates a compaction followed by a dilatation of the pyroclastic flow. The quantification of the mechanism has been accomplished and the mass flux from the dense flow to the ash-cloud surge has been deduced.The numerical model is first used to study the pyroclastic flow rheology, which controls the velocity of the flow, and then the mass flux previously mentioned. One chapter is dedicated to the fluidization effect on the pyroclastic flow rheology. Results show that this mechanism can explain the long runout of these flows, and also the formation of levées and channel morphologies. The air ingestion in the flow during its movement could explain a part of the pyroclastic flows dynamic. Simple rheologies has also been analyzed: a Coulomb rheology, a plastic rheology, and a variable friction coefficient rheology. Results show that the plastic rheology seems to be the most adapted rheology to simulate the pyroclastic flow dynamic. Then, the numerical model has been used to test the mass flow law obtained through experiments. Applied to the 25 June 1997 dome collapse at Soufrière Hills Volcano at Montserrat, results show that the simulations reproduce accurately the extension and the thickness of the surge deposits. The simulations are also able to reproduce the surge derived pyroclastic flow, generated by remobilisation of surge deposits. The cycles of ingestion/expulsion of air in the pyroclastic flow by interactions with the topography could explain both the great fluidity of these flows and the formation of ash-cloud surge. These results highlight a new mechanism that could be a key process in pyroclastic flow dynamic, which could improve significantly the hazard and risk assessment using numerical model
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Griffin, Anna Marie. "Products and Processes of Cone-Building Eruptions at North Crater, Tongariro." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2235.

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North Crater occupies the north-western quadrant of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre and represents one of at least eleven vents which have been active on Tongariro since the last glacial maximum. The most recent cone-forming activity at North Crater is thought to have occurred between 14-12 ka ago to produce the distinct, wide, flattopped andesite cone. This project focused mainly on the cone-building eruptions at North Crater, including stratigraphic correlations with distal tephra, interpreting eruptive processes, and establishing the sequence of events during cone construction. Detailed field work identified key stratigraphic sections and facies in the proximal, medial and distal environments. These sections allowed stratigraphic correlations to be made between proximal cone-building facies and distal sheet-forming facies at North Crater, and established a complete North Crater eruption stratigraphy. In the proximal environment, welded and non to poorly welded facies formed from fallout of a lava-fountain, pyroclastic flow or as fallout from a convecting plume. In the medial and distal environment, the lithofacies consist of fallout from a convecting plume and minor pyroclastic flow. Convective fall and non to poorly welded pyroclastic flow deposits dominate the lower eruption stratigraphy suggesting explosive eruptions involving a gas-rich magma. A change to welded deposits produced from lava-fountaining occurs later in the cone-building sequence and suggest a change to lower explosively and eruption of gas-poor magma. Grain size, componentry data, density, petrography and SEM analysis were carried out on representative samples to characterise the different facies, and reveal information about eruption processes. The non to poorly welded deposits are typically made up of vesicular pumice, scoria and mingled clasts of sub-rounded bombs and lapilli. The welded facies are relatively dense and clast outlines are often difficult to distinguish. The eruptives are porphyritic with abundant plagioclase gt clinopyroxene gt orthopyroxene gt opaques. Quartzofeldspathic crustal xenoliths are common and indicate crustal assimilation. Mingled clasts of light and dark glass were found to have microlites present in the dark glass, but were absent in the light glass. Electron microprobe analyses found that the dark and light glass components in a single clast had similar compositions, showing that the contrasting physical appearance of the glass is not due to a different chemical composition. Forty three whole rock XRF analyses showed that the magmas ranged from basaltic andesite to andesite, and Harker variation plots display linear trends typical of magma mixing. Magma mixing as the most important magmatic process is supported by disequilibrium of phenocryst compositions and phenocryst textures. Magma viscosity, bulk density and temperature was determined using MAGMA (Kware), and indicate that they fall into the range of typical andesites. Eruptive activity involved vigorous lava-fountaining, minor convecting eruption plumes and dominant collapsing eruption plumes. This activity has produced welded and non-welded pyroclastic flow and fall deposits to form the large cone seen today. There are significant volcanic hazards associated with this style of activity at North Crater, characterised by lava-fountaining, eruption plume fallout, and widespread pyroclastic flows and lahars extending beyond the ring plain. These could all be potentially devastating to the central North Island of New Zealand.
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Books on the topic "Pyroclastic flow"

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Daag, Arturo Santos. Modelling the erosion of pyroclastic flow deposits and the occurrences of lahars at Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. Enschede: International Institute for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, 2003.

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Crandell, Dwight Raymond. Deposits of pre-1980 pyroclastic flows and lahars from Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington. [Reston, Va.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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Crandell, Dwight Raymond. Deposits of pre-1980 pyroclastic flows and lahars from Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington: Lithology and stratigraphy of unconsolidated deposits, other than air-fall tephra, formed by eruptions during the past 40,000 years. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Interior, 1987.

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Crandell, Dwight Raymond. Deposits of pre-1980 pyroclastic flows and lahars from Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington: Lithology and stratigraphy of unconsolidated deposits, other than air-fall tephra, formed by eruptions during the past 40,000 years. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Stix, John. Volcanic facies and geochemistry of archean lava flows and pyroclastic rocks near Kenora, Ontario, Canada. 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pyroclastic flow"

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Buchwaldt, Robert. "Pyroclastic Flow." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 791–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_281.

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Tufano, Rita, Luigi Annunziata, Enrico Di Clemente, Giovanni Falgiano, Francesco Fusco, and Pantaleone De Vita. "Analysis of Shear Strength Variability of Ash-Fall Pyroclastic Soils Involved in Flow-Like Landslides." In Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, 329–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60706-7_32.

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Lavigne, Franck, Julie Morin, Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei, Eliza S. Calder, Muhi Usamah, and Ute Nugroho. "Mapping Hazard Zones, Rapid Warning Communication and Understanding Communities: Primary Ways to Mitigate Pyroclastic Flow Hazard." In Advances in Volcanology, 107–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11157_2016_34.

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Scott, C. R., D. Richard, and A. D. Fowler. "An Archean submarine pyroclastic flow due to submarine dome collapse: The Hurd Deposit, Harker Township, Ontario, Canada." In Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 317–27. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/140gm21.

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Cas, R. A. F., and J. V. Wright. "Subaqueous pyroclastic flows and deep-sea ash layers." In Volcanic Successions Modern and Ancient, 268–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3167-1_9.

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Cas, R. A. F., and J. V. Wright. "Transport and deposition of subaerial pyroclastic flows and surges." In Volcanic Successions Modern and Ancient, 176–221. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3167-1_7.

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Neri, A., and G. Macedonio. "Physical Modeling of Collapsing Volcanic Columns and Pyroclastic Flows." In Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards, 389–427. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80087-0_12.

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Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich. "Pyroclastic Flows, Block and Ash Flows, Surges and the Laacher See Eruption." In Volcanism, 177–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18952-4_11.

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Crisci, Gino M., Salvatore Di Gregorio, Rocco Rongo, and William Spataro. "A Cellular Automata Model for Simulating Pyroclastic Flows and First Application to 1991 Pinatubo Eruption." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 333–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44860-8_34.

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Napolitano, Elisabetta, Pantaleone De Vita, Francesco Fusco, Vincenzo Allocca, and Ferdinando Manna. "Long-Term Hydrological Modelling of Pyroclastic Soil Mantled Slopes for Assessing Rainfall Thresholds Triggering Debris Flows: The Case of the Sarno Mountains (Campania—Southern Italy)." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 1567–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_278.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pyroclastic flow"

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Pellegrino, A. M., A. Scotto di Santolo, A. Evangelista, and P. Coussot. "Rheological behaviour of pyroclastic debris flow." In DEBRIS FLOW 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb100051.

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ONGARO, T. ESPOSTI, C. CAVAZZONI, G. ERBACCI, A. NERI, and G. MACEDONIO. "PARALLEL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PYROCLASTIC FLOW DYNAMICS AT VESUVIUS." In Proceedings of the International Conference ParCo2001. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860949630_0016.

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Itakura, Yasumasa. "Observation system of pyroclastic flow with digital video-image processing." In 17th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for Science and New Technology. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2316247.

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Lee*, Seul-ki, and Chang-wook Lee. "Detection and Hazard Mapping of Lahar and Pyroclastic Flow at Mount Merapi in Indonesia using the LAHARZ Program." In Near-Surface Asia Pacific Conference, Waikoloa, Hawaii, 7-10 July 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Chinese Geophysical Society, Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists, and Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/nsapc2015-032.

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Putra, S. Sandy, C. Hassan, and S. Hariyadi. "Hot pyroclastic deposit as lahar resistor: a case study of Gendol River after the Mt. Merapi 2010 eruption." In DEBRIS FLOWS. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb120091.

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Amórtegui Gil, José Vicente. "Risk Assessment of Hydrocarbon Pipelines Facing Natural Hazards." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2513.

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Abstract:
Hydrocarbon pipelines are exposed to hazards from natural processes, which may affect their integrity and trigger processes that have consequences on the environment. Among the natural hazards are the effects of the earthquakes, the neotectonic activity, the volcanism, the weathering of soils and rocks, the landslides, the flows or avalanches of mud or debris, the processes related to sediment transport such as the erosion, the scour by streams, the floods and the sloughing due to rains. Those processes are sometimes related to each other, e.g. the earthquakes can produce slides, or movement of geological faults, or soil liquefaction; the rain can trigger landslides and can cause avalanches and mudslides or debris flow; the volcanic eruptions can originate landslides and avalanches, or pyroclastic flows. Human activities can also induce or accelerate “natural” processes that affect the integrity of the pipelines. The strength and stiffness of the pipelines allow them to tolerate the effects of natural hazards for some period of time. The amount of time depends on the strength and deformability, the stress state, the age, the conditions of installation and operation of the pipelines and their geometric arrangement with regard to the hazardous processes. In the programs for pipeline integrity management, the risk is defined as a function that relates the probability of the pipeline rupture and the consequences of the failure. However, some people define risk as the summation of the indicators of probability and consequences, such as a RAM matrix. Others define the risk as the product of the probability of failure times the cost of the consequences, while the overall function used to evaluate the rupture probability of a pipeline facing hazards considered in the ASME b31.8 S standard includes all the elements involved in the failure process. In that standard, for the specific analysis of natural hazards, it is proposed that the function is separated in the two following principal elements: the probability of occurrence of the threatening process (hazard) and the pipeline’s capacity to tolerate it. In this paper a general function is proposed, which is the product of the probability of occurrence of the threatening process, the vulnerability of the pipeline (expressed as the fraction of the potential damage the pipe can undergo), and the consequences of the pipeline failure (represented in the summation of the costs of the spilled product, its collection, the pipeline repair and the damages made by the rupture).
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Reino, Wilson, Gilson Pucha, Celso Recalde, Talia Tene, and Pedro Cadena. "Occurrence of radioactive materials in pyroclastic flows of Tungurahua volcano using gamma spectrometry." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON PHYSICS ESPOCH (ICPE-2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5050366.

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Hiramatsu, Reina, Andrew Barth, Nancy R. Riggs, Douglas Walker, and Joe Wooden. "EARLY ARC VOLCANIC ACTIVITY RECORDED BY PYROCLASTIC FLOWS, TRIASSIC OF THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281739.

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Reports on the topic "Pyroclastic flow"

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Geologic maps of pyroclastic-flow and related deposits of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i1950.

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