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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pyrogene

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pyrogene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pyrogene"

1

Nakagawa, Yukari, Hideko Maeda, and Toshimi Murai. "Evaluation of the In Vitro Pyrogen Test System Based on Proinflammatory Cytokine Release from Human Monocytes: Comparison with a Human Whole Blood Culture Test System and with the Rabbit Pyrogen Test." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 3 (May 2002): 588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.3.588-597.2002.

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ABSTRACT The reliability of an in vitro pyrogen test system based on proinflammatory cytokine release from human monocytic cells was assessed by comparison with a test system based on a human whole blood culture as well as with the conventional rabbit pyrogen test. The human cells used as the pyrogen indicator cells were newly selected by subcloning of a human monocytic cell line, Mono-Mac-6. The selected cells, named MM6-CA8, responded to various pyrogens, including endotoxin, peptidoglycan (PG), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC), and poly(I · C), with a high sensitivity and produced proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Among these cytokines, IL-6 was produced most sensitively in response to traces of the pyrogens and detected in the largest quantities in the culture medium. The cytokine-producing responses of MM6-CA8 cells correlated significantly with the responses of cultured human whole blood, which represents an ex vivo culture test system reproducing pyrogen-induced cytokine production in the human body. In terms of cytokine inducibility, the pyrogens were ranked in the order endotoxin > PG > poly (I · C) > SAC in both culture systems, a ranking which almost agreed with the ranking of their pyrogenicity as assessed by the rabbit pyrogen test. These results suggest that the in vitro responsiveness of MM6-CA8 cells to various pyrogens is highly relevant for human pyrogenic reactions. Therefore, the in vitro test system is useful and reliable for detecting the presence of materials that are pyrogenic for humans.

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Carson, Danielle, Sophie Myhill, Elena Palmieri, Francesca Necchi, Sjoerd Rijpkema, Francesca Micoli, Ida Karin Nordgren, Omar Rossi, and Caroline Vipond. "Development of a Monocyte Activation Test as an Alternative to the Rabbit Pyrogen Test for Mono- and Multi-Component Shigella GMMA-Based Vaccines." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071375.

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Generalised modules for membrane antigens (GMMA)-based vaccines comprise the outer membrane from genetically modified Gram-negative bacteria containing membrane proteins, phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides. Some lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides are pyrogens; thus, GMMA-based vaccines are intrinsically pyrogenic. It is important to control the pyrogenic content of biological medicines, including vaccines, to prevent adverse reactions such as febrile responses. The rabbit pyrogen test (RPT) and bacterial endotoxin test (BET) are the most commonly employed safety assays used to detect pyrogens. However, both tests are tailored for detecting pyrogenic contaminants and have considerable limitations when measuring the pyrogen content of inherently pyrogenic products. We report the adaptation of the monocyte activation test (MAT) as an alternative to the RPT for monitoring the pyrogenicity of Shigella GMMA-based vaccines. The European Pharmacopoeia endorses three MAT methods (A–C). Of these, method C, the reference lot comparison test, was identified as the most suitable. This method was evaluated with different reference materials to ensure parallelism and consistency for a mono- and multi-component Shigella GMMA vaccine. We demonstrate the drug substance as a promising reference material for safety testing of the matched drug product. Our results support the implementation of MAT as an alternative to the RPT and use of the defined parameters can be extended to GMMA-based vaccines currently in development, aiding vaccine batch release.

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Wang, Mingren, Shanshan Dong, Hong Shao, Can Wang, and Gang Chen. "The Optimization of HL60-IL6 Assay and its Application in the Pyrogen Detection of Monoclonal Antibody." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666180627142302.

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Background: The HL60-IL6 assay has been initially established, but the process of the assay and calculation was not simplified. And there are no reports on whether it can be applied to detect pyrogen contamination in the monoclonal antibody. Objective: The study aimed to improve the HL60/IL-6 assay and detect the pyrogens in the monoclonal antibody drug by HL60-IL6 assay. Methods: The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) was incubated with pyrogen standard solution, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan and lipoteichoic acid (LTA),or monoclonal antibody sample solution for 48 hours, and then cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6),secreted from HL-60, were measured by ELISA. The study further described the standard curves on OD (Optical Density) value of IL-6 responding to pyrogen stimulation, and determined the content of pyrogen in the monoclonal antibody production after validation. In addition, the sensitivity of HL60 to three pyrogens was evaluated to establish one standard curve to determine endotoxin and non-endotoxin level. Then, the credibility of standard curves was evaluated. After improvement of the assay, 9 monoclonal antibody batches were assayed for pyrogens in parallel with the Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT) and HL60/IL-6 assay. Results: It was achieved that the standard curve between OD value of IL-6 and pyrogen concentration was established. Then, it was found that the sensitivity of HL60 responding to LPS was the weakest, as a result of which, only LPS standard curve needs to be described in each test for detection of pyrogens. Besides, to evaluate the credibility of standard curve, the parameters of the standard curve were restricted and the resulting interpretation was also specified. 3 Bevacizumab batches failed the RPT, which also showed pyrogenic contamination by the HL60/IL-6 assay. Conclusion: HL60-IL6 assay was improved and can be applied to pyrogen detection of monoclonal antibody.

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Bibaeva, A. Yu. "Decode space images to monitoring of geosystem pyrogenic transformation." Geodesy and Cartography 930, no. 12 (January 20, 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-930-12-31-38.

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The paper describes the methodology for processing remote sensing data to indicate pyrogenic effects on natural geosystems. Autumn season space images (from the end of the firedangerous period to the beginning of the formation of the snow cover – the end of September to the beginning of October) with a less than 20 % cloud level were preferred. The area affected by fires within Priolhonye in the period since 2013 to 2015 years are analyzed. According to the obtained data it has made more than 200 km2. Pyrogene impact on Priolkhonye geosystems considerably amplifies amidst transforming environmental factors (climate warming, decrease in water level of the Lake Baikal and all that) and anthropogenic impacts, that is lead to change in the structure and rate of physiographic processes. In the conditions of the changing environment of geodynamic active area this impact on Priolhonye geosystems can be disastrous and lead to their irreversible transformation. In particular, disturbed geosystems of cedar forests by fire will could change to pine-larch forests through the birch series. In particular, the destructive effect of the pyrogenic factor on steep slopes with pine-larch rarefied groups of facies leads to the destruction of its invariant structure and replacement by steppe small-graingrassy lithophilic ones.

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5

Wibaut, J. P., and Elisabeth Dingemanse. "Über eine Pyrogene Umlagerung von n-Methyl-(α-Pyridyl)-α-Pyrrol." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 45, no. 9 (September 3, 2010): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19260450908.

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6

Redford, Jane, Isis Bishai, and Flavio Coceani. "Pyrogen–prostaglandin coupling in the pathogenesis of fever: evidence against a role for nitric oxide." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-204.

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There is much debate on the mechanism by which blood-borne pyrogens trigger prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in brain and fever. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether nitric oxide qualifies as a signal transducer for pyrogens at the interface between blood and brain. Experiments were carried out in vitro and in vivo using, respectively, preparations of cerebral tissue and microvessels from the rat, and the conscious, chronically instrumented cat. In vitro preparations produced PGE2 and its production increased during a 30-min treatment with interleukin 1 (brain tissue) or endotoxin (microvessels). In addition, both pyrogens increased cyclic GMP levels in cerebral microvessels. In both brain tissue and microvessels, NG-nitro-L-arginine had no effect on basal PGE2 release, while it curtailed the pyrogen-stimulated release. The same treatment reduced the cyclic GMP accumulation brought about by pyrogens in the microvessels. Conversely, in the conscious cat, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis (NG-monomethyl-L-argimne, NG-nitro-L-arginine) had no effect on fever and the concomitant elevation of PGE2 in cerebrospinal fluid, regardless of the pyrogen used (endotoxin, interleukin 1) and the route of administration (intravenous, intracerebroventricular). We conclude that nitric oxide may serve as a pyrogen mediator in brain. This mediator function, however, is seemingly not important in the development of fever.Key words: pyrogen, fever mechanism, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, blood–brain barrier.

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Bibby, D. C., and R. F. Grimble. "Effect of age on hypothalamic prostaglandin E2 production and fever in response to tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) and endotoxin in rats." Clinical Science 81, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0810313.

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1. Decreased febrile responses to interleukin-1 and endotoxin have been noted in a number of species with ageing. 2. The present study extends these observations by examining the pyrogenic response to intravenous recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-α (50 μg/kg) using conscious rats aged 7,20 and 80 weeks. 3. The febrile response decreased in magnitude and duration with age. Fevers of 0.9 °C and of 5 h duration were observed in the youngest rats, whereas those aged 80 weeks were afebrile. The depression in serum zinc level and the elevation in liver zinc level, which occurred 7 h after injection, were unaffected by age. 4. The mechanism of the reduced pyrogenic response was examined by assessing prostaglandin E2 production in vitro from hypothalami of rats, aged 10 and 24 weeks, in response to Escherichia coli endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor. 5. Whereas the production of prostaglandin E2 increased by 47% and 52%, respectively, in hypothalami from 10-week-old rats, no response to either pyrogen was obtained in tissue from rats aged 24 weeks. 6. Maturity brings about a decreased responsiveness of hypothalamic prostaglandin E2 production to pyrogens, which may explain the decreased febrile responses observed.

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de Mattos, Katherine Antunes, Elaine Cristina Azevedo Navega, Vitor Fernandes Silva, Alessandra Santos Almeida, Cristiane Caldeira da Silva, Octavio Augusto França Presgrave, Daniel da Silva Guedes Junior, and Isabella Fernandes Delgado. "Applicability of the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) in the Quality Control of the 17DD Yellow Fever Vaccine." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 46, no. 1 (March 2018): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119291804600107.

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The need for alternatives to animal use in pyrogen testing has been driven by the Three Rs concept. This has resulted in the inclusion of the monocyte activation test (MAT) in the European Pharmacopoeia, 2010. However, some technical and regulatory obstacles must be overcome to ensure the effective implementation of the MAT by the industry, especially for the testing of biological products. The yellow fever (YF) vaccine (17DD-YFV) was chosen for evaluation in this study, in view of: a) the 2016–2018 outbreak of YF in Brazil; b) the increase in demand for 17DD-YFV doses; c) the complex production process with live attenuated virus; d) the presence of possible test interference factors, such as residual process components (e.g. ovalbumin); and e) the need for the investigation of other pyrogens that are not detectable by the methods prescribed in the YF vaccine monograph. The product-specific testing was carried out by using cryopreserved and fresh whole blood, and IL-6 and IL-1β levels were used as the marker readouts. After assessing the applicability of the MAT on a 1:10 dilution of 17DD-YFV, endotoxin and non-endotoxin pyrogens were quantified in spiked batches, by using the lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid standards, respectively. The quantitative analysis demonstrated the correlation between the MAT and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assays, with respect to the limits of endotoxin recovery in spiked batches and the detection of no pyrogenic contamination in commercial batches of 17DD-YFV. The data demonstrated the applicability of the MAT for 17DD-YFV pyrogen testing, and as an alternative method that can contribute to biological quality control studies.

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Korpa, A., R. Trettin, K. G. Böger, J. Thieme, and C. Schmidt. "Pozzolanic reactivity of nanoscale pyrogene oxides and their strength contribution in cement-based systems." Advances in Cement Research 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2008.20.1.35.

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du Plessis, I., D. Mitchell, H. P. Laburn, and T. Cartmell. "Fever and lethargy induced by subcutaneous pyrogen infusion in unrestrained rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y05-065.

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We have investigated the effects of continuous subcutaneous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), muramyldipeptide (MDP), or saline on abdominal temperature and voluntary activity in unrestrained rats. Both pyrogens were infused via osmotic pumps at a rate of ~2 µg·kg–1·min–1 for 7 d. LPS infusion evoked a 3-d and MDP a 1-d elevation in body temperature. Night-time activity was suppressed on days 1 and 2 during LPS infusion and on day 1 of MDP infusion. Body mass was significantly decreased on infusion day 4 in rats receiving either LPS or MDP; however, the rate of weight gain had been restored by day 8 (1 d after cessation of pyrogen infusion). We further tested the body temperature response of the same experimental animals to a single subcutaneous bolus injection (250 µg/kg) of the same pyrogen that had been infused for 7 d, 2 d after cessation of pyrogen infusion (day 9). The fever response in rats receiving a bolus injection of either LPS or MDP was significantly attenuated in rats that had previously been infused with the same pyrogen. These data suggest that tolerance developed to continuous infusion of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pyrogens, and that mechanisms of tolerance development set in early during the 7-d infusion period of both pyrogens and persisted for at least 2 d after the cessation of pyrogen infusion. We propose that cytokine intermediates were involved or required in inducing these responses to continuous infusion of both LPS and MDP.Key words: lipopolysaccharide, muramyldipeptide, rats, osmotic pump, tolerance, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, sickness behavior.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyrogene"

1

Lavigne, Hélène. "Hémodialyse : contamination microbiologique et pyrogénique du dialysat." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P088.

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KORB, EVELYNE. "Le test limulus applique a la recherche qualitative des endotoxines bacteriennes dans des produits injectables prepares industriellement." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15014.

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3

Kätzel, Uwe. "Dynamic Light Scattering for the Characterization of Polydisperse Fractal Systems by the Example of Pyrogenic Silica." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1197634640783-66357.

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Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a method to size submicron particles by measuring their thermal motion (diffusion) in suspensions and emulsions. However, the validity of the Stokes-Einstein equation that relates the diffusion coefficient and the particle size is limited to spherical particles and very low concentrations. Within this thesis, DLS is used for the characterization of suspensions of pyrogenic silica which consists of fractal-like aggregates composed of sintered spherical primary particles. These structural features clearly complicate the understanding of DLS experiments and have been a severe obstacle to employing DLS as routine standard tool for the characterization of pyrogenic silica. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to evaluate the application of DLS in product development and quality assurance of pyrogenic silica industry, what essentially means to identify those structural properties of fractal aggregates which are measurable with DLS and to quantify the method’s sensitivity to changes in these properties. The investigations presented here are split up into four parts, simulations that establish a relation between structural and hydrodynamic properties, experiments validating the simulation results, the characterization of concentrated suspensions and the application-oriented analysis of DLS data for specific industrially relevant measurement tasks
Die Dynamische Lichtstreuung (DLS) ist eine Messmethode zur Größenbestimmung submikroner Partikel. Dabei wird primär die stochastische Bewegung der Teilchen (Diffusion) in Suspensionen und Emulsionen bewertet. Die Stokes-Einstein Gleichung, die das Verhältnis zwischen gemessenem Diffusionskoeffizienten und Partikelgröße wiedergibt, ist jedoch nur für kugelförmige Teilchen, die in sehr niedriger Konzentration vorliegen, gültig. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die dynamische Lichtstreuung zur Charakterisierung von Suspensionen pyrogener Kieselsäure eingesetzt. Diese besteht aus fraktalen Aggregaten, die wiederum aus versinterten aber meist kugelförmigen Primärpartikeln zusammengesetzt sind. Diese strukturellen Eigenschaften erschweren die Anwendbarkeit der DLS bzw. die Interpretation der Messergebnisse und verhinderten bisher den Einsatz der DLS als Routinemethode zur Charakterisierung pyrogener Kieselsäuren. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist daher eine Bewertung der Möglichkeiten der DLS für die Produktentwicklung und Qualitätssicherung in der Herstellung pyrogener Kieselsäuren. Das bedeutet im Besonderen, dass sowohl die messbaren granulometrischen Eigenschaften als auch die Sensitivität der Methode bei Eigenschaftsänderungen ermittelt werden müssen. Die hier durchgeführten Arbeiten sind in vier Teile gegliedert: Simulationen, die eine Beziehung zwischen strukturellen und hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften herstellen, Experimente zur Validierung der Simulationsergebnisse, die Charakterisierung konzentrierter Suspensionen und die anwendungsorientierte Auswertung von DLS-Daten für spezifische industrierelevante Messaufgaben

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Welsch, Janina. "Pyrogene Wirkung von mycoplasmalen Lipopeptiden und bakteriellem Endotoxin bei Toll like Rezeptor-2-defizienten Mäusen und bei CD36-defizienten spontan hypertensiven Ratten." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2010/7430/index.html.

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Sandin, Emma. "Optimization of the In vitro Pyrogen Test (IPT) Regarding Detection of Pyrogens in Air Samples." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54297.

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Pyrogens are substances that may induce fever in the human body. They can be parts of bacteria, virus or fungi and due to the reaction they may cause in the body, they are routinely looked for in the medical technology industries. A method called in vitro pyrogen test (IPT) has been developed to detect these pyrogens. It is based on the fever reaction in the human body and only requires blood in combination with a solution believed to contain pyrogens. If the result is positive, the production of cytokines is started. The cytokines of interest in the IPT method are those involved in the fever process and two of them are IL-1β and TNF-α, which are the cytokines used as markers of infection in this study. Since the production of cytokines is in proportion to the amount of pyrogens, the inflammation-inducing potential of the sample can be decided. Due to problems in standardizing the method, mainly because it handles with living blood cells, focus is still pointed at improving it. The aim of this study was to optimize parameters within the IPT method by analysing air samples taken in indoor surroundings believed to contain pyrogens. The different parameters included extraction of the filter from the air sampling, incubation of whole blood and sample extract and analysis of the incubation with ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). More specific, some of the issues concerned extraction media, time and shaking intensity for the extraction, blood ratio for the whole blood incubation and cytokines suitable for the method. A possible approach for the IPT method, when analysing air samples containing pyrogens, was reached.
Pyrogener kallas ämnen som framkallar feber och de kan exempelvis bestå av hela eller delar av bakterier, virus eller svamp (fungi). En metod som kallas för in vitro pyrogen test (IPT) har utvecklats för att detektera dessa pyrogener. Metoden bygger på att en lösning som misstänks innehålla pyrogener får komma i kontakt med blod från en människa. Efter en inkubering på mellan 4-24 timmar har blodet reagerat på eventuella pyrogener och bildat cytokiner, där mängden cytokiner är proportionell mot mängden pyrogener. De intressanta cytokinerna i den här studien var IL-1β och TNF-α, som båda är involverade i feberprocessen. Det har varit svårigheter med att standardisera metoden, mycket beroende på att det är levande celler som hela metoden bygger på, så syftet med den här studien var att förbättra in vitro pyrogen test. Luftprover tagna i inomhusmiljöer som misstänks innehålla pyrogener har använts i försöken att optimera varje steg i processen. De olika stegen inkluderade extraktion av filter som använts vid luftprovtagningen, inkubering med helblod och provextrakt och analys av inkuberingen med ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Några av de parametrar som undersöktes gällde extraktionsmedium, skaktid och skakintensitet under extraktionen, blodförhållande under helblodsinkuberingen och lämpliga cytokiner för metoden. Studien resulterade i att en metodik, för att analysera luftprov innehållande pyrogener med in vitro pyrogen test, kunde tas fram.

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Welsch, Janina [Verfasser]. "Pyrogene Wirkung von mycoplasmalen Lipopeptiden und bakteriellem Endotoxin bei Toll-like-Rezeptor-2-defizienten Mäusen und bei CD36-defizienten spontan hypertensiven Ratten / eingereicht von Janina Welsch." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://d-nb.info/100187997X/34.

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FUKUMORI, NEUZA T. O. "Determinação de endotoxina bacteriana (pirogênio) em radiofármacos pelo método de formação de gel. Validação." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11606.

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Bowen, Jenna Louise. "Detection of lipopolysaccharide pyrogens by molecularly imprinted polymers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54444/.

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is commonly implicated in the development and rapid progression of sepsis however no efficient diagnostic assay currently exists. The over-arching aim of this project was therefore to develop a novel biomimetic peptide-polymer hybrid system capable of recognising and binding LPS in a variety of biologically relevant environments. Target selective peptides (both commercially available and synthesised) have been used as high affinity 'functional monomers' in a molecular imprinting approach. To reduce the concept to practice, a bi-functionalised resin was prepared so as to allow the use of two independent surface attachment strategies. Controlled polymer growth was initiated from surface bound iniferter groups whilst the attachment of the peptide was achieved through amme-amine imidoester linkages or via azide-alkyne "click" chemistry. Polymyxin, a small, conformationally constrained cyclic peptide that possesses high affinity for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to provide proof-of-principle. Polymyxin resins, produced via the immobilisation of alkyne derivitised polymyxin B on the surface of azidomethyl polystyrene via "click" chemistry, were able to efficiently bind LPS from aqueous solutions with an apparent Ka of 0.2 μM. Although the development of the peptide-polymer hybrid system using these resins appeared somewhat unsuccessful, whether the observed reduction in binding is due to changes in the Bmax or the Kd of the resin remains to be elucidated. The assay performed with the polymerisation samples produced using resin displaying polymyxin immobilised via a dimethyl adipimidate linker, suggest that the hypothesised approach is feasible but that optimisation of a number of variables is needed before definitive results can be obtained.

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9

Oyewo, E. A. "A study of exogenous and endogenous pyrogens in malaria fever." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377667.

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10

Sagay, B. O. "Some biological effects and pharmacology of Interleukin-1/endogenous pyrogen." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233196.

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Books on the topic "Pyrogene"

1

Marlys, Weary, and Jorgensen James H, eds. Pyrogens: Endotoxins, LAL testing, and depyrogenation. New York: Dekker, 1985.

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Marlys, Weary, and Jorgensen James H, eds. Endotoxins: Pyrogens, LAL testing, and depyrogenation. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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Pickering, Jason Mark. The pyrogenic virion components of influenza virus. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1991.

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Akers, Michael J. Parenteral quality control: Sterility, pyrogen, particulate, and package integrity testing. 3rd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Morton, Guazzo Dana, ed. Parenteral quality control: Sterility, pyrogen, particulate, and package integrity testing. 2nd ed. New York: M. Dekker, 1994.

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Parenteral quality control: Sterility, pyrogen, particulate, and package integrity testing. New York: M. Dekker, 1985.

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Tinsley, Catharine Marion. Studies on the induction of endogenous pyrogen by influenza viruses of differing virulence. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1987.

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Sylvester, Lara Faith. Somnogenic, pyrogenic and cytokine inducing properties of fetal sheep liver extract. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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Aluwaimi, Ahmed Muhammed. Identification of pyrogenic components of influenza virus using reassortants of differing pyrogenicity. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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10

Fever and antipyresis: The role of the nervous system. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pyrogene"

1

Peterbauer, A., E. R. Werner, and G. Werner-Felmayer. "Weiterentwicklung eines Zellkulturmodells zum Nachweis bakterieller Pyrogene." In Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zu Tierversuchen, 455. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6760-1_98.

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Baker, Julien S., Fergal Grace, Lon Kilgore, David J. Smith, Stephen R. Norris, Andrew W. Gardner, Robert Ringseis, et al. "Pyrogen." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 745. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2935.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Pyrogen." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 918. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14624.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Endogenous Pyrogen." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 889. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13645.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Exogenous Pyrogen." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 891. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13715.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Pyrogenic Silica." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 598. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9656.

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Minobe, Satoshi, Takeji Shibatani, and Tetsuya Tosa. "Affinity Chromatography of Pyrogens." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 155–62. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-261-2_15.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Silica, Synthetic (Pyrogenic)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 664. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10642.

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Tosa, Tetsuya, Tadashi Sato, Taizo Watanabe, and Satoshi Minobe. "Affinity Chromatographic Removal of Pyrogens." In Molecular Interactions in Bioseparations, 323–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1872-7_21.

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Blatteis, C. M. "The Neurobiology of Endogenous Pyrogens." In Thermoreception and Temperature Regulation, 257–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75076-2_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pyrogene"

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MINGDE, SONG. "THE INTERNAL BALLISTICS OF PYROGEN-TYPE IGNlTERS." In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3394.

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"Pyrogenic vorticity from windward and lee slope fires." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.a4.sharples.

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"Recovery of Lead form CRT Glass by Pyrogenic Process." In ISECT-2017, BDAMTE-17, IDCE-2017, CCES-2017, ICHBES-2017, MBPS-2017, ACBES-17, LHHIS-17, LBETM-17, AFPIS-2017 & EFEAM-2017. Dignified Researchers Publication (DiRPUB), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/dirpub.dir1017213.

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Vesnovsky, Oleg, L. D. Timmie Topoleski, Laurence W. Grossman, Jon P. Casamento, and Liang Zhu. "Evaluation of Temperature Transients at Various Body Temperature Measuring Sites Using a Fast Response Thermistor Bead Sensor." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14065.

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Abstract:

Body temperature monitoring of humans has been an important tool for helping clinicians diagnose infections, detect fever, monitor thermoregulation functions during surgical procedures, and assess post-surgery recovery.1–3 Fever itself is typically not considered a disease. It is a response of the body to a disease, which is often inflammatory in nature. Elevation of the set point at the body temperature control center, the brain hypothalamus, is caused by circulating pyrogens produced by the immune system responding to diseases. Since the brain hypothalamus is not easily accessed by thermometers, other body locations have been identified as alternative measuring sites. Those sites include the pulmonary artery, rectum, bladder, distal esophagus and nasopharynx, sublingual surface of the tongue, under the armpit, tympanic membrane, and forehead.

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Hatcher, P., A. Goranov, and H. Chen. "Non-Pyrogenic Formation of Condensed Aromatic Compounds in Iron-Rich Environments." In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134257.

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Santos, Fernanda, Jing Yan, Hui Li, Elizabeth Herndon, Sanjai Parikh, Teamrat Ghezzehei, Francois Blanchette, Jeffrey Bird, and Asmeret Asefaw Berhe. "Mineralogical Controls on the Retention and Chemical Composition of Dissolved Pyrogenic Carbon." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2278.

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Vengurlekar, A. S., V. Lakshmanna, and K. V. Ramanathan. "Correlation of Carrier Trapping and Oxide Breakdown with H2O Partial Pressures in Pyrogenic Oxides." In 1986 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1986.a-8-3.

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Arias, N. Penalva, J. Villanueva, G. Muñoa, C. Laguna, P. Rivas, M. Raja, and A. Rosell-Melé. "An Optimized Analytical Method to Quantify Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids in Marine and Lacustrine Samples." In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134177.

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Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, and Rebecca Abney. "POST-FIRE EROSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR LATERAL DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE OF PYROGENIC CARBON IN SOILS OF TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-332146.

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Fenerty, Brendan, Jacob Ridinghafer, Iaos Lizarazu, Luke McGuire, Craig Rasmussen, and Ann M. Youberg. "QUANTIFYING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PYROGENIC CARBON FOLLOWING THE 2018 BUZZARD FIRE IN THE GILA NATIONAL FOREST, NEW MEXICO." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-341167.

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Reports on the topic "Pyrogene"

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Kaufman, Jonathan W., and Edgar Kimmel. Risk Assessment for Acute Exposure to Pyrogen: A Pyrotechnically-Generated Fire Extinguishing Aerosol. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428944.

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