Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pyrolysis and gasification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pyrolysis and gasification'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pyrolysis and gasification"

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Cao, Junrui, and Yuhui Ma. "Pyrolysis and gasification of macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera under a CO2 atmosphere using the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 2 (2019): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319825735.

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Non-isothermal pyrolysis and gasification of Enteromorpha prolifera (also known as Ulva prolifera) under a CO2 atmosphere were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis. The gaseous products were measured online with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with thermogravimetry. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis and gasification reactions were obtained using the Coats–Redfern method. The experimental results showed that Enteromorpha prolifera had two derivative thermogravimetry peaks centered at 240 and 800°C, indicating the pyrolysis of organics and gasification of char, respectively. Carboxylic acids, ethers, and alcohols were the dominating condensable products generated from pyrolysis between 230 and 300°C. H2O, CH4, and aliphatic hydrocarbons were also formed in this temperature range, and they were also continuously released at higher temperatures, indicating further polymerization of the freshly generated pyrolytic char. CO was mainly produced between 700 and 900°C, and its yield was much higher than that of the pyrolytic gaseous products. The Ginstling equation (the D4 model) proved to be the most probable mechanism function for both the pyrolysis and gasification stages, with activation energies of 138.30 and 93.43 kJ mol−1, respectively.
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Yuan, Hui Feng, De Min He, Jun Guan, and Qiu Min Zhang. "Simulation and Study on Texaco Gasification of Semi-Cokes Prepared by DG Coal Pyrolysis Process." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 2189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2189.

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Simulation and study on Texaco gasification of semi-cokes prepared by DG coal pyrolysis process has been carried out by using Aspen Plus. The possibility that pyrolytic semi-cokes is used as the raw materials is discussed. Sensitivity study runs are performed to analyze the effects of oxygen-to-char mass ratio, mass percentage of char in char water slurry and gasification pressure on the gasification process. Simulations indicate that molar percent content of effective components (CO+H2) reaches as high as 67.94% under operational conditions which oxygen-to-char mass ratio is 0.75; char water slurry concentration is 62.5% and gasification pressure is 4.0MPa. So semi-cokes made by DG coal pyrolysis process is the excellent raw materials for gasification. Sensitivity analysis show that oxygen-to-char mass ratio and mass percentage of char in char water slurry are the main factors that affect the gasification process; gasification pressure has little effect on the results of char gasification.
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Patrick, John W. "Pyrolysis and gasification." Fuel 69, no. 6 (1990): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(90)90053-s.

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Bedyk, Tomasz, Lech Nowicki, Paweł Stolarek, and Stanisław Ledakowicz. "Application of the TG-MS system in studying sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0001-y.

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Application of the TG-MS system in studying sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification A method of monitoring sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification was proposed. Samples of sludge were pyrolysed in Ar and gasified in CO2 in a thermobalance. The evolved gases were analysed on the calibrated MS, the samples of sludge and solid residues at different stages of the processes were subjected to elemental analysis. The identification and the quantitative characterisation of chemical reactions were performed, based on the DTG and MS profiles.
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Chmielniak, Tomasz, Leszek Stepien, Marek Sciazko, and Wojciech Nowak. "Effect of Pyrolysis Reactions on Coal and Biomass Gasification Process." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165091.

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Thermodynamic analysis of a gasification process was conducted assuming that it is composed of two successive stages, namely: pyrolysis reaction followed by a stage of gasification reaction. This approach allows formulation the models of selected gasification processes dominating in industrial applications namely: Shell (coal), SES (coal), and DFB (dual fluid bed, biomass) gasification. It was shown that the enthalpy of fuel formation is essential for the correctness of computed results. The specific computational formula for a wide range of fuels enthalpy of formation was developed. The following categories were evaluated in terms of energy balance: total reaction enthalpy of gasification process, enthalpy of pyrolysis reaction, enthalpy of gasification reaction, heat demand for pyrolysis reaction, and heat demand for gasification reactions. The discussion of heat demand for particular stages of gasification related to the various processes was performed concluding the importance of the pyrolysis stage.
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Kong, Song Tao, Ping Cai, Ling Jiang, and Jiang Tao Wei. "Experimental Study of Kinetic Parameters about Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.329.

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In order to meet the pyrolysis and gasification of municipal sewage sludge, Chongqing typical pyrolysis of sewage sludge kinetic parameters are studied with heat balance in the atmospheric pressure conditions. The pyrolysis kinetics of Chongqing typical municipal sewage sludge is determined. We measure the gasification activation energy of sample in an ordinary furnace is for the 39.82 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor is 19.07s-1. These results will be used to the actual sludge pyrolysis gasification and sludge waste mixed gasification reactor for its designing, constructing and operating.
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Jasminská, Natália, Tomáš Brestovič, and Mária Čarnogurská. "THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS PROCESS OF USED TIRES ON THE QUALITY OF OUTPUT PRODUCTS." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 1 (2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0004.

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Abstract Pyrolysis together with gasification and combustion create a group of so called thermic processes. Unlike the combustion it is based on thermic decomposition of organic materials without any access of oxidative media. Within the pyrolytic process, three main fractions are created: solid residue, pyrolytic gas and organic liquid product - pyrolytic oil. The presented article examines the effects of pyrolysis operational conditions (above all, temperature) on gas products, solid residues and liquid fractions.
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Yang, Bin, and Ming Chen. "Simulation of two-stage automotive shredder residue pyrolysis and gasification process using the Aspen Plus model." BioResources 16, no. 3 (2021): 5964–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5964-5984.

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The disposal of automotive shredder residue (ASR) directly affects China’s goal of achieving a 95% recycling rate for end-of-life vehicles. Pyrolysis and gasification have gradually become the most commonly used thermochemical technologies for ASR recycling. To obtain more hydrogen-rich syngas, it is necessary to determine the optimal process parameters of the ASR pyrolysis and gasification process. The main process parameters of the two-stage ASR pyrolysis and gasification process were studied using the established Aspen Plus model. Through analyzing the effects of process parameters, such as the temperature, equivalence ratio, and mass ratio of steam to ASR feedstock, on the product distribution and product characteristics of ASR pyrolysis and gasification, the optimal process parameters were determined. A series of comparative experiments under different conditions were conducted. The experimental results verified the accuracy and reliability of the Aspen Plus simulation model for the ASR pyrolysis and gasification processes and verified the practical feasibility of the process parameters obtained from the simulation analysis.
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Zhao, Li Hong, Xi Jie Chu, and Shao Juan Cheng. "Sulfur Transfers from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Coal." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2526.

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The sulfur transformation during pyrolysis and gasification of three kinds of coals was studied and the release of H2S and COS during the process was examined. During pyrolysis, besides the property of coal, reaction temperature is the most important factor that affects the sulfur removal. The main sulfur-containing gases is H2S, the ratio of sulfur-containing gases amount to total sulfur amount in coal reaches 25.8% for LS coal, 31.8% for YT coal and 13.1% for HJ coal, respectively. During CO2 gasification, compared with pyrolysis and steam gasification, there are more COS and less H2S formation, because CO could react with sulfide to form COS. During steam gasification, only H2S formation and no COS detected, because H2 has stronger reducibility to form H2S than CO. And the formation rate of sulfur during gasification is consistent with the gasification reactivity of three coal chars, indicated that coal rank is the major factor which affects the sulfur distribution during gasification.
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Yang, Bin, and Ming Chen. "Py–FTIR–GC/MS Analysis of Volatile Products of Automobile Shredder Residue Pyrolysis." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112734.

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Automobile shredder residue (ASR) pyrolysis produces solid, liquid, and gaseous products, particularly pyrolysis oil and gas, which could be used as renewable alternative energy resources. Due to the primary pyrolysis reaction not being complete, the yield of gaseous product is low. The pyrolysis tar comprises chemically unstable volatiles before condensing into liquid. Understanding the characteristics of volatile products will aid the design and improvement of subsequent processes. In order to accurately analyze the chemical characteristics and yields of volatile products of ASR primary pyrolysis, TG–FTIR–GC/MS analysis technology was used. According to the analysis results of the Gram–Schmidt profiles, the 3D stack plots, and GC/MS chromatograms of MixASR, ASR, and its main components, the major pyrolytic products of ASR included alkanes, olefins, and alcohols, and both had dense and indistinguishable weak peaks in the wavenumber range of 1900–1400 cm−1. Many of these products have unstable or weaker chemical bonds, such as =CH–, =CH2, –C=C–, and –C=CH2. Hence, more syngas with higher heating values can be obtained with further catalytic pyrolysis gasification, steam gasification, or higher temperature pyrolysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyrolysis and gasification"

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Li, Jian 1957. "Pyrolysis and CO2 gasification of black liquor." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65338.

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Connolly, T. Sean. "CO2 Pyrolysis and Gasification of Kraft Black." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ConnollyTS2006.pdf.

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Newalkar, Gautami. "High-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of biomass." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53917.

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With the limited reserves of fossil fuels and the environmental problems associated with their use, the world is moving towards cleaner, renewable, and sustainable sources of energy. Biomass is a promising feedstock towards attaining this goal because it is abundant, renewable, and can be considered as a carbon neutral source of energy. Syngas can be further processed to produce liquid fuels, hydrogen, high value chemicals, or it can be converted to heat and power using turbines. Most of the downstream processing of syngas occurs at high pressures, which requires cost intensive gas compression. It has been considered to be techno-economically advantageous to generate pressurized syngas by performing high-pressure gasification. Gasification utilizes high temperatures and an oxidizing gas to convert biomass to synthesis gas (syngas, a mixture of CO and H2). Most of the past studies on gasification used process conditions that did not simulate an industrial gasification operation. This work aims at understanding the chemical and physical transformations taking place during high-pressure biomass gasification at heating rates of practical significance. We have adopted an approach of breaking down the gasification process into two steps: 1) Pyrolysis or devolatalization (fast step), and 2) Char gasification (slow step). This approach allows us to understand pyrolysis and char gasification separately and also to study the effect of pyrolysis conditions on the char gasification kinetics. Alkali and alkaline earth metals in biomass are known to catalyze the gasification reaction. This potentially makes biomass feedstock a cheap source of catalyst during coal gasification. This work also explores catalytic interactions in biomass-coal blends during co-gasification of the mixed feeds. The results of this study can be divided into four parts: (a) pyrolysis of loblolly pine; (b) gasification of pine chars; (c) pyrolysis and gasification of switchgrass; (d) co-gasification of pine/switchgrass with lignite and bituminous coals.
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Mohamed, M. "Fluidised bed gasification and pyrolysis of woodchips." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21074/.

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The work presented in this thesis includes experimental investigation using a basic fluidised bed to gasify woodchips and cold modelling studies to improve the fluid bed reactor dynamics incorporating bed internals, such as draft tubes and jets. Low grade fuel gas was produced from woodchips as feedstock, in a 154 mm i/d fluidised bed as the main experimental part of the project using air as the gasifying medium. The influence of a number of process variables on the gasification process were studied including fuel feedrates, temperatures and bed heights, with respect to their effects on quality and quantity of the fuel gas produced. It was found that fuel gas of about 6 MJ/Nm3 can be obtained with temperatures in excess of 700 °c and with fuel feedrates in excess of 3.5 times stoichiometric. The process also benefitted from increasing the static bed heights of the fluidised bed, which was due to the better separation of the combustion and gasification zones. The cold modelling studies coducted using a 2-D glass model employing a draft tube a nd jet system, and using a novel photographic technique produced more realistic data. This showed that both the systems in question produced induced recirculation rates which can be controlled by the process variables such as bed height, bed and jet velocities. Further studies employing these systems for biomass conversion should prove that a better fuel gas quality and quantity can be achieved. In addition a variety of feedstocks can be utilised using the same reactor configuration.
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Patel, Manisha. "Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and acid hydrolysis residues." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19567/.

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This research was carried for an EC supported project that aimed to produce ethyl levulinate as a diesel miscible biofuel from biomass by acid hydrolysis. The objective of this research was to explore thermal conversion technologies to recover further diesel miscible biofuels and/or other valuable products from the remaining solid acid hydrolysis residues (AHR). AHR consists of mainly lignin and humins and contains up to 80% of the original energy in the biomass. Fast pyrolysis and pyrolytic gasification of this low volatile content AHR was unsuccessful. However, successful air gasification of AHR gave a low heating value gas for use in engines for power or heat with the aim of producing all the utility requirements in any commercial implementation of the ethyl levulinate production process. In addition, successful fast pyrolysis of the original biomass gave organic liquid yields of up to 63.9 wt.% (dry feed basis) comparable to results achieved using a standard hardwood. The fast pyrolysis liquid can be used as a fuel or upgraded to biofuels. A novel molybdenum carbide catalyst was tested in fast pyrolysis to explore the potential for upgrading. Although there was no deoxygenation, some bio-oil properties were improved including viscosity, pH and homogeneity through decreasing sugars and increasing furanics and phenolics. AHR gasification was explored in a batch gasifier with a comparison with the original biomass. Refractory and low volatile content AHR gave relatively low gas yields (74.21 wt.%), low tar yields (5.27 wt.%) and high solid yields (20.52 wt.%). Air gasification gave gas heating values of around 5MJ/NM3, which is a typical value, but limitations of the equipment available restricted the extent of process and product analysis. In order to improve robustness of AHR powder for screw feeding into gasifiers, a new densification technique was developed based on mixing powder with bio-oil and curing the mixture at 150°C to polymerise the bio-oil.
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Lewis, Aaron D. "Sawdust Pyrolysis and Petroleum Coke CO2 Gasification at High Heating Rates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2498.

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Clean and efficient electricity can be generated using an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). Although IGCC is typically used with coal, it can also be used to gasify other carbonaceous species like biomass and petroleum coke. It is important to understand the pyrolysis and gasification of these species in order to design commercial gasifiers and also to determine optimal conditions for operation. High heating-rate (100,000 K/s) pyrolysis experiments were performed with biomass (sawdust) in BYU's atmospheric flat-flame burner reactor at conditions ranging from 1163 to 1433 K with particle residence times ranging from 23 to 102 ms. Volatile yields and mass release of the sawdust were measured. The measured pyrolysis yields of sawdust are believed to be similar to those that would occur in an industrial entrained-flow gasifier since biomass pyrolysis yields depend heavily on heating rate and temperature. Sawdust pyrolysis was modeled using the Chemical Percolation Devolatilization model assuming that biomass pyrolysis occurs as a weighted average of its individual components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Thermal cracking of tar into light gas was included using a first-order kinetic model. The pyrolysis and CO2 gasification of petroleum coke was studied in a pressurized flat-flame burner up to 15 atm for conditions where the peak temperature ranged from 1402 to 2139 K. The measured CO2 gasification kinetics are believed to be representative of those from an entrained-flow gasifier since they were measured in similar conditions of elevated pressure and high heating rates (100,000 K/s). This is in contrast to the gasification experiments commonly seen in the literature that have been carried out at atmospheric pressure and slow particle heating rates. The apparent first-order Arrhenius kinetic parameters for the CO2 gasification of petroleum coke were determined. From the experiments in this work, the ASTM volatiles value of petroleum coke appeared to be a good approximation of the mass release experienced during pyrolysis in all experiments performed from 1 to 15 atm. The reactivity of pet coke by CO2 gasification exhibited strong pressure dependence.
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Kumar, Vipul. "Pyrolysis and gasification of lignin and effect of alkali addition." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29609.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Sujit Banerjee; Committee Co-Chair: Wm. James Frederick, Jr.; Committee Member: John D. Muzzy; Committee Member: Kristiina Iisa; Committee Member: Preet Singh. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Hosoya, Takashi. "Mechanism in Pyrolysis Gasification of Softwood at the Molecular Level." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123877.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(エネルギー科学)<br>甲第14068号<br>エネ博第177号<br>新制||エネ||41(附属図書館)<br>UT51-2008-F460<br>京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 坂 志朗, 教授 東野 達, 准教授 河本 晴雄<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Zanzi, Rolando. "Pyrolysis of biomass. Rapid pyrolysis at high temperature. Slow pyrolysis for active carbon preparation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3180.

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<p>Pyrolysis of biomass consists of heating solid biomass inthe absence of air to produce solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.In the first part of this thesis rapid pyrolysis of wood(birch) and some agricultural residues (olive waste, sugarcanebagasse and wheat straw in untreated and in pelletized form) athigh temperature (800ºC–1000ºC) is studied ina free fall reactor at pilot scale. These conditions are ofinterest for gasification in fluidized beds. Of main interestare the gas and char yields and compositions as well as thereactivity of the produced char in gasification.</p><p>A higher temperature and smaller particles increase theheating rate resulting in a decreased char yield. The crackingof the hydrocarbons with an increase of the hydrogen content inthe gaseous product is favoured by a higher temperature and byusing smaller particles. Wood gives more volatiles and lesschar than straw and olive waste. The higher ash content inagricultural residues favours the charring reactions. Charsfrom olive waste and straw are more reactive in gasificationthan chars from birch because of the higher ash content. Thecomposition of the biomass influences the product distribution.Birch and bagasse give more volatiles and less char thanquebracho, straw and olive waste. Longer residence time inrapid pyrolysis increase the time for contact between tar andchar which makes the char less reactive. The secondary charproduced from tar not only covers the primary char but alsoprobably encapsulates the ash and hinders the catalytic effectof the ash. High char reactivity is favoured by conditionswherethe volatiles are rapidly removed from the particle, i.e.high heating rate, high temperature and small particles.</p><p>The second part of this thesis deals with slow pyrolysis inpresence of steam for preparation of active carbon. Theinfluence of the type of biomass, the type of reactor and thetreatment conditions, mainly temperature and activation time,on the properties and the yield of active carbons are studied.The precursors used in the experiments are birch (wood) anddifferent types of agricultural residues such as sugarcanebagasse, olive waste, miscanthus pellets and straw in untreatedand pelletized form.</p><p>The results from the pyrolysis of biomass in presence ofsteam are compared with those obtained in inert atmosphere ofnitrogen. The steam contributes to the formation of solidresidues with high surface area and good adsorption capacity.The yield of liquid products increases significantly at theexpense of the gaseous and solid products. Large amount ofsteam result in liquid products consisting predominantly ofwater-soluble polar compounds.</p><p>In comparison to the stationary fixed bed reactor, therotary reactor increases the production of energy-rich gases atthe expense of liquid products.</p><p>The raw materials have strong effect on the yields and theproperties of the pyrolysis products. At equal time oftreatment an increase of the temperature results in a decreaseof the yield of solid residue and improvement of the adsorptioncapacity until the highest surface area is reached. Furtherincrease of the temperature decreases the yield of solidproduct without any improvement in the adsorption capacity. Therate of steam flow influences the product distribution. Theyield of liquid products increases while the gas yielddecreases when the steam flow is increased.</p><p><b>Keywords</b>: rapid pyrolysis, pyrolysis, wood, agriculturalresidues,biomass, char, tar, gas, char reactivity,gasification, steam, active carbon</p>
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Pozzobon, Victor. "Biomass gasification under high solar heat flux." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0004/document.

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L'énergie solaire concentrée est une source d'énergie alternative pour la conversion thermochimique de biomasse en vecteurs énergétiques ou en matériaux à haute valeur ajoutée. La production d'un gaz de synthèse à partir de biomasse lignocellulosique en est un exemple, de même que la production de résidus carbonés à propriétés contrôlées. Ces travaux portent sur l'étude du comportement d'un échantillon de hêtre thermiquement épais sous de hautes densités de flux solaire (supérieures à 1000 kW/m²). Deux approches ont été développées en parallèles : une étude expérimentale et le développement d'un modèle numérique. Les expériences ont permis de mettre en lumière le comportement particulier du hêtre sous de hautes densités de flux solaire. En effet, un cratère de char, dont la forme correspond à celle de la distribution du flux incident, se forme dans l'échantillon. Cette étude a aussi montré que la teneur en eau initiale de la biomasse a un fort impact sur son comportement. Les échantillons secs peuvent atteindre un rendement de conversion énergétique de 90 %, capturant jusqu'à 72 % de l'énergie solaire incidente sous forme chimique. Quant aux échantillons humides, ils produisent nettement plus d'hydrogène, au prix d'un rendement de conversion énergétique aux alentours de 59 %. De plus, le craquage thermique et le reformage des goudrons produits par la pyrolyse sont rendus possibles par les températures atteintes (supérieures à 1200 °C) et la présence d'eau. Enfin, il a été montré que l'orientation des fibres du bois n'a qu'un impact mineur sur son comportement. En parallèle, une modélisation des transferts couplés chaleur matière et des réactions chimiques mis en jeu lors de la gazéification solaire d'un échantillon a été développée. La construction du modèle a mis en avant la nécessité de recourir à des stratégies innovantes pour prendre en compte la pénétration du rayonnement dans la matière ainsi que la déformation du milieu par la gazéification. Les prédictions du modèle montrent un bon accord avec les observations expérimentales. Elles ont ainsi permis de mieux comprendre les couplages mis en jeu lors de la dégradation de biomasse sous haute densité de flux solaire. De plus, des analyses de sensibilités ont révélé que les modèles de type Arrhenius ne permettent pas de décrire finement le comportement de l'eau à l'intérieur de l'échantillon et que le choix du modèle de pyrolyse était capital pour décrire correctement le comportement la biomasse sous haute densité de flux solaire<br>Concentrated solar energy is as an alternative energy source to power the thermochemical conversion of biomass into energy or materials with high added value. Production of syngas from lignocellulosic biomass is an example, as well as the production of carbonaceous residues with controlled properties. This work focuses on the study of the behaviour of a thermally thick beech wood sample under high solar heat flux (higher than 1000 kW/m²). Two approaches have been undertaken at the same time: an experimental study and the development of a numerical model. Experiments have highlighted a specific behaviour of beech wood under high solar heat flux. Indeed, a char crater, symmetrical to the incident heat flux distribution, forms in the sample. This study has also shown that biomass initial moisture content has a strong impact on its behaviour. The dry sample can achieve an energetic conversion efficiency of 90 %, capturing up to 72 % of the incident solar power in chemical form. While, high initial moisture content samples produce more hydrogen, at the price of an energetic conversion efficiency around 59 %. Furthermore, tar thermal cracking and steam reforming are enabled by the temperatures reached (higher than 1200 °C) and the presence of water. Finally, wood fiber orientation has been shown to have only a minor impact on its behaviour. At the same time, a modelling of the coupled reactions, heat and mass transfers at stake during solar gasification was undertaken. The development of this model has highlighted the necessity to implement innovative strategies to take into account radiation penetration into the medium as well as its deformation by gasification. Numerical model predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations. Based on the model predicted behaviour, further understanding of biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux was derived. In addition, sensitivity analyses revealed that Arrhenius type models are not fitted for precise intra-particular water behaviour description and that the choice of the pyrolysis scheme is key to properly model biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux
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Books on the topic "Pyrolysis and gasification"

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Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: Practical design and theory. Academic Press, 2010.

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Basu, Prabir. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: Practical design and theory. Academic Press, 2010.

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Berg- und Hüttenmännischer Tag (1985 Freiberg, Germany). Wissenschaftlich-technische Grundlagen für die Prozesse der Kohleveredlung: Vorträge zum Berg- und Hüttenmännischen Tag 1985 in Freiberg. Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, 1986.

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Spath, Pamela L. Update of hydrogen from biomass: Determination of the delivered cost of hydrogen : milestone completion report. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2003.

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L, Ferrero G., and Commission of the European Communities., eds. Pyrolysis and gasification. Elsevier Applied Science, 1989.

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Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-20099-7.

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Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2011-0-07564-6.

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Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2016-0-04056-1.

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Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction: Practical Design and Theory. Academic Press, 2018.

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Biomass Gasification Pyrolysis And Torrefaction Practical Design And Theory. Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pyrolysis and gasification"

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Astrup, Thomas, and Bernd Bilitewski. "Pyrolysis and Gasification." In Solid Waste Technology & Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666883.ch33.

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Moulijn, J. A., and P. J. J. Tromp. "Coal Pyrolysis." In Carbon and Coal Gasification. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4382-7_17.

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Rajasekhar Reddy, B., and R. Vinu. "Feedstock Characterization for Pyrolysis and Gasification." In Coal and Biomass Gasification. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_1.

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Yoshikawa, Kunio. "WTE: Gasification and Pyrolysis in Japan." In Recovery of Materials and Energy from Urban Wastes. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7850-2_419.

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Yoshikawa, Kunio. "WTE, Gasification and Pyrolysis in Japan." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_419-3.

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Puig-Arnavat, Maria, Tobias Pape Thomsen, Giulia Ravenni, Lasse Røngaard Clausen, Zsuzsa Sárossy, and Jesper Ahrenfeldt. "Pyrolysis and Gasification of Lignocellulosic Biomass." In Biorefinery. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10961-5_4.

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Yan, Jianhua, Qunxing Huang, Shengyong Lu, Xiaodong Li, and Yong Chi. "Thermal Treatment Techniques: Incineration, Gasification, and Pyrolysis." In Sustainable Solid Waste Management. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414101.ch07.

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Zanzi, Rolando, Krister Sjöström, and Emilia Björnbom. "Rapid Pyrolysis of Wood with Application to Gasification." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_75.

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Pepiot, P., C. J. Dibble, and T. D. Foust. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1052.ch012.

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Edye, L. A., G. N. Richards, and G. Zheng. "Transition Metals as Catalysts for Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal. American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch008.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pyrolysis and gasification"

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Zeng, Ronghua, Shuzhong Wang, Jianjun Cai, and Cao Kuang. "A Review of Pyrolysis Gasification of MSW." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceesd-18.2018.27.

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Hathaway, Brandon J., Jane H. Davidson, and David B. Kittelson. "Solar Gasification of Biomass: Kinetics of Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification in Molten Salt." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39829.

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The use of concentrated solar energy for pyrolysis and gasification of biomass is an efficient means for production of hydrogen rich synthesis gas. Utilizing molten alkali-carbonate salts as a reaction and heat transfer media offers enhanced stability and higher reaction rates to these solar processes. To establish the reaction kinetics, experiments were carried out in an electrically heated molten salt reactor. Cellulose or activated charcoal were pyrolyzed or gasified with steam from 1124 K to 1235 K with and without salt. Arrhenius rate expressions are derived from the data supported by a numerical model of heat and mass transfer. The average rate of the reactions in molten salt, as measured by their reactivity index, is increased by 70% for pyrolysis and by an order of magnitude for steam gasification.
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Zhang, Xiaodong, Min Xu, Li Sun, Rongfeng Sun, Feipeng Cai, and Dongyan Guo. "Biomass Gasification for Syngas Production." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90591.

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For the concern with environment protection and energy security, much attention has been paid to alternative fuels from renewable resources in modern times, among which liquid fuel production from biomass gasification has aroused much enthuasitics. One two-stage gasification technology is proposed to promote the produciton of syngas suitable for F-T synthesis. The novel technology combines moving-bed pyrolysis, the secondary reinforcement decomposition, and reduction of pyrolysis intermediates. With the addition of certain amount of oxygen in the reaction scheme, large portion of large molecular hydrocarbons and some methane in the pyrolysis gas are reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and downstream reduction process also helps the mitigation of carbon dioxide emission. The secondary gasification stage proves to be effective in adjusting the product syngas composition to accommodate the requirment of the succeeding synthesis process. From preliminary test on pilot scale experimental facility, syngas with about the same content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide was achieved, with little content of tar. With water gas shift reaction, hydrogen content can be further increased to above 45 percent, resulting suitable H2/CO for downstream synthesis process.
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Ahmed, Islam, and Ashwani Gupta. "Comparison of Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification of Paper." In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1393.

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Che, Defu, Yinhe Liu, Junguang Lin, et al. "Fuel Nitrogen Evolution during Coal Pyrolysis and Gasification." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPHASE FLOW, HEAT MASS TRANSFER AND ENERGY CONVERSION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3366429.

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Ahmed, Islam, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification of Paper and Evaluation of Paper Char Kinetics." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81104.

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Main characteristics of gaseous yield from steam gasification have been investigated experimentally. Results of steam gasification have been compared to that of pyrolysis. The temperature range investigated were 600 to 1000°C in steps of 100°C. Results have also been obtained under pyrolysis conditions at same temperatures. For steam gasification runs, steam flow rate was kept constant at 8.0 gr./Min.. Investigated characteristics were evolution of syngas flow rate with time, hydrogen flow rate, chemical composition of syngas, energy yield and apparent thermal efficiency. Residuals from both processes were quantified and compared as well. Material destruction, hydrogen yield and energy yield is better with gasification as compared to pyrolysis. This advantage of the gasification process is attributed mainly to char gasification process. Char gasification is found to be more sensitive to the reactor temperature than pyrolysis. Pyrolysis can start at low temperatures of 400 °C; however char gasification starts at 700 °C. A partial overlap between gasification and pyrolysis exists and is presented here. This partial overlap increases with increase in temperature. As an example, at reactor temperature 800 °C this overlap represents around 27% of the char gasification process and almost 95% at reactor temperature 1000°C.
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Ahmed, Islam, and Ashwani Gupta. "Chemical Energy Recovery from Polystyrene Using Pyrolysis and Gasification." In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-804.

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Ajay Kumar, Lijun Wang, Dzenis A Yuris, David D Jones, and Milford A Hanna. "Thermogravimetric Characterization of Corn Stover as Gasification/Pyrolysis Feedstock." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23338.

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Ibrahim, Mohamed S., Alka Gupta, Dave Gage, Justin A. Zeamer, and Ryoichi S. Amano. "Chicken Manure Pyrolysis Using Carbon Dioxide." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35664.

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The design and build of a Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) is discussed in this paper along with the preliminary data obtained. The TGA was designed for biomass pyrolysis and gasification. In the design it was taken in consideration decreasing the size as possible so as to decrease the area subject to heat losses as possible and to be capable of reaching high temperatures sufficient for both pyrolysis and gasification. The TGA was then tested using carbon dioxide and calculations for the rate of mass converted and conversion rate were carried out.
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Sangtongam, K., and A. K. Gupta. "Kinetics of Biomass and Waste During Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49376.

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High temperature pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper and yellow pine woodchips have been investigated in a batch type flow reactor at defined temperatures in the range of 700°C to 900°C and known molar ratio of steam to feedstock. The initial weight loss of the material during both pyrolysis and gasification was found to be similar thus revealing that material initially undergoes pyrolysis. The weight loss increased with increase in gasification temperature and retention time during both pyrolysis and gasification. The char yield decreased with increase in reaction time due to thermal decomposition of the material and the progress in char reactions during the gasification process. The yield of char decreased with increase in the reaction temperature from low temperature of 700°C to high temperature of 900°C at any residence time in the reactor. The weight remaining from the gasification of paper was lower than that from woodchips initially but at longer residence times the paper showed higher weight remaining than woodchips because of higher mineral matter and fixed carbon in paper than woodchips. The presence of higher volatile matters in paper was easily released from structure when compared with the volatile matters of woodchips at low temperatures. The Arrhenius’s plots obtained from the weight loss data of the sample during gasification at different temperatures was used to obtain the activation energy. The activation energy for steam gasification of woodchips and paper were found to be 117.2 and 69.6 kJ/mol, respectively while the pre-frequency factor for woodchips and paper were found to be 10,029 and 3.2 s−1, respectively. The specific rate for steam gasification of woodchips and paper was compared by the Arrhenius plot. The results showed higher specific steam gasification rate of woodchips than paper at all the temperatures examined. It is conjectured that higher porosity of wood chips favors faster reaction rate because of the increased surface area for devolatilization and reaction. The biomass and wastes are good source of renewable fuels to produce hydrogen or liquid fuels using controlled steam gasification for minimum char and residue by utilizing the most desirable conditions favorable for gasification. The kinetics data assists in the modeling and simulation to provide aid in the development design tools for practical implementation.
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Reports on the topic "Pyrolysis and gasification"

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5252806.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5252808.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5877641.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5428442.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6782621.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6782637.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6782852.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6971431.

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Zygourakis, K. Pyrolysis and gasification of coal at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5348405.

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Elliott, D. C. Analysis and comparison of biomass pyrolysis/gasification condensates: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7049810.

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