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1
Cao, Junrui, and Yuhui Ma. "Pyrolysis and gasification of macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera under a CO2 atmosphere using the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 2 (2019): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319825735.
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Non-isothermal pyrolysis and gasification of Enteromorpha prolifera (also known as Ulva prolifera) under a CO2 atmosphere were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis. The gaseous products were measured online with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with thermogravimetry. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis and gasification reactions were obtained using the Coats–Redfern method. The experimental results showed that Enteromorpha prolifera had two derivative thermogravimetry peaks centered at 240 and 800°C, indicating the pyrolysis of organics and gasification of char, respectively. Carboxylic acids, ethers, and alcohols were the dominating condensable products generated from pyrolysis between 230 and 300°C. H2O, CH4, and aliphatic hydrocarbons were also formed in this temperature range, and they were also continuously released at higher temperatures, indicating further polymerization of the freshly generated pyrolytic char. CO was mainly produced between 700 and 900°C, and its yield was much higher than that of the pyrolytic gaseous products. The Ginstling equation (the D4 model) proved to be the most probable mechanism function for both the pyrolysis and gasification stages, with activation energies of 138.30 and 93.43 kJ mol−1, respectively.
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Yuan, Hui Feng, De Min He, Jun Guan, and Qiu Min Zhang. "Simulation and Study on Texaco Gasification of Semi-Cokes Prepared by DG Coal Pyrolysis Process." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 2189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2189.
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Simulation and study on Texaco gasification of semi-cokes prepared by DG coal pyrolysis process has been carried out by using Aspen Plus. The possibility that pyrolytic semi-cokes is used as the raw materials is discussed. Sensitivity study runs are performed to analyze the effects of oxygen-to-char mass ratio, mass percentage of char in char water slurry and gasification pressure on the gasification process. Simulations indicate that molar percent content of effective components (CO+H2) reaches as high as 67.94% under operational conditions which oxygen-to-char mass ratio is 0.75; char water slurry concentration is 62.5% and gasification pressure is 4.0MPa. So semi-cokes made by DG coal pyrolysis process is the excellent raw materials for gasification. Sensitivity analysis show that oxygen-to-char mass ratio and mass percentage of char in char water slurry are the main factors that affect the gasification process; gasification pressure has little effect on the results of char gasification.
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Patrick, John W. "Pyrolysis and gasification." Fuel 69, no. 6 (1990): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(90)90053-s.
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Bedyk, Tomasz, Lech Nowicki, Paweł Stolarek, and Stanisław Ledakowicz. "Application of the TG-MS system in studying sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0001-y.
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Application of the TG-MS system in studying sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification A method of monitoring sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification was proposed. Samples of sludge were pyrolysed in Ar and gasified in CO2 in a thermobalance. The evolved gases were analysed on the calibrated MS, the samples of sludge and solid residues at different stages of the processes were subjected to elemental analysis. The identification and the quantitative characterisation of chemical reactions were performed, based on the DTG and MS profiles.
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Chmielniak, Tomasz, Leszek Stepien, Marek Sciazko, and Wojciech Nowak. "Effect of Pyrolysis Reactions on Coal and Biomass Gasification Process." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165091.
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Thermodynamic analysis of a gasification process was conducted assuming that it is composed of two successive stages, namely: pyrolysis reaction followed by a stage of gasification reaction. This approach allows formulation the models of selected gasification processes dominating in industrial applications namely: Shell (coal), SES (coal), and DFB (dual fluid bed, biomass) gasification. It was shown that the enthalpy of fuel formation is essential for the correctness of computed results. The specific computational formula for a wide range of fuels enthalpy of formation was developed. The following categories were evaluated in terms of energy balance: total reaction enthalpy of gasification process, enthalpy of pyrolysis reaction, enthalpy of gasification reaction, heat demand for pyrolysis reaction, and heat demand for gasification reactions. The discussion of heat demand for particular stages of gasification related to the various processes was performed concluding the importance of the pyrolysis stage.
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Kong, Song Tao, Ping Cai, Ling Jiang, and Jiang Tao Wei. "Experimental Study of Kinetic Parameters about Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.329.
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In order to meet the pyrolysis and gasification of municipal sewage sludge, Chongqing typical pyrolysis of sewage sludge kinetic parameters are studied with heat balance in the atmospheric pressure conditions. The pyrolysis kinetics of Chongqing typical municipal sewage sludge is determined. We measure the gasification activation energy of sample in an ordinary furnace is for the 39.82 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor is 19.07s-1. These results will be used to the actual sludge pyrolysis gasification and sludge waste mixed gasification reactor for its designing, constructing and operating.
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Jasminská, Natália, Tomáš Brestovič, and Mária Čarnogurská. "THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS PROCESS OF USED TIRES ON THE QUALITY OF OUTPUT PRODUCTS." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 1 (2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0004.
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Abstract Pyrolysis together with gasification and combustion create a group of so called thermic processes. Unlike the combustion it is based on thermic decomposition of organic materials without any access of oxidative media. Within the pyrolytic process, three main fractions are created: solid residue, pyrolytic gas and organic liquid product - pyrolytic oil. The presented article examines the effects of pyrolysis operational conditions (above all, temperature) on gas products, solid residues and liquid fractions.
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Yang, Bin, and Ming Chen. "Simulation of two-stage automotive shredder residue pyrolysis and gasification process using the Aspen Plus model." BioResources 16, no. 3 (2021): 5964–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5964-5984.
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The disposal of automotive shredder residue (ASR) directly affects China’s goal of achieving a 95% recycling rate for end-of-life vehicles. Pyrolysis and gasification have gradually become the most commonly used thermochemical technologies for ASR recycling. To obtain more hydrogen-rich syngas, it is necessary to determine the optimal process parameters of the ASR pyrolysis and gasification process. The main process parameters of the two-stage ASR pyrolysis and gasification process were studied using the established Aspen Plus model. Through analyzing the effects of process parameters, such as the temperature, equivalence ratio, and mass ratio of steam to ASR feedstock, on the product distribution and product characteristics of ASR pyrolysis and gasification, the optimal process parameters were determined. A series of comparative experiments under different conditions were conducted. The experimental results verified the accuracy and reliability of the Aspen Plus simulation model for the ASR pyrolysis and gasification processes and verified the practical feasibility of the process parameters obtained from the simulation analysis.
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Zhao, Li Hong, Xi Jie Chu, and Shao Juan Cheng. "Sulfur Transfers from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Coal." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2526.
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The sulfur transformation during pyrolysis and gasification of three kinds of coals was studied and the release of H2S and COS during the process was examined. During pyrolysis, besides the property of coal, reaction temperature is the most important factor that affects the sulfur removal. The main sulfur-containing gases is H2S, the ratio of sulfur-containing gases amount to total sulfur amount in coal reaches 25.8% for LS coal, 31.8% for YT coal and 13.1% for HJ coal, respectively. During CO2 gasification, compared with pyrolysis and steam gasification, there are more COS and less H2S formation, because CO could react with sulfide to form COS. During steam gasification, only H2S formation and no COS detected, because H2 has stronger reducibility to form H2S than CO. And the formation rate of sulfur during gasification is consistent with the gasification reactivity of three coal chars, indicated that coal rank is the major factor which affects the sulfur distribution during gasification.
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Yang, Bin, and Ming Chen. "Py–FTIR–GC/MS Analysis of Volatile Products of Automobile Shredder Residue Pyrolysis." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112734.
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Automobile shredder residue (ASR) pyrolysis produces solid, liquid, and gaseous products, particularly pyrolysis oil and gas, which could be used as renewable alternative energy resources. Due to the primary pyrolysis reaction not being complete, the yield of gaseous product is low. The pyrolysis tar comprises chemically unstable volatiles before condensing into liquid. Understanding the characteristics of volatile products will aid the design and improvement of subsequent processes. In order to accurately analyze the chemical characteristics and yields of volatile products of ASR primary pyrolysis, TG–FTIR–GC/MS analysis technology was used. According to the analysis results of the Gram–Schmidt profiles, the 3D stack plots, and GC/MS chromatograms of MixASR, ASR, and its main components, the major pyrolytic products of ASR included alkanes, olefins, and alcohols, and both had dense and indistinguishable weak peaks in the wavenumber range of 1900–1400 cm−1. Many of these products have unstable or weaker chemical bonds, such as =CH–, =CH2, –C=C–, and –C=CH2. Hence, more syngas with higher heating values can be obtained with further catalytic pyrolysis gasification, steam gasification, or higher temperature pyrolysis.
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Wu, Yuan Mou, Jin Song Zhou, and Zhong Yang Luo. "Simulation of Rice Straw Oxygen-Steam Gasification in an Entrained-Flow Gasifier Using ASPEN PLUS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2389.
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Biomass oxygen-steam gasification associated with synthesis technology known as indirect biomass liquefaction is regarded as one of the most promising technologies of biomass utilization. In this paper, a comprehensive gasification model was developed for the simulation of rice straw oxygen-steam gasification using ASPEN PLUS. The gasification process was divided into two parts: pyrolysis and gasification. The RYield module was used to simulate the pyrolysis process with an external FORTURN program to calculate the pyrolysis products while the gasification process was calculated by the RCSTR module. With the help of the model, the gasification of rice straw was simulated under different residence time, different temperature and different amount of steam. The results showed that the proper residence time and temperature is 1.5s and 1300°C, respectively. The optimum amount of steam is steam/biomass=0.12 while the addition of oxygen is oxygen/biomass=0.2.
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Hong, Li, Bo Wang, and Qiu Ping Zhou. "Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study of Waste Printed Circuit Board in Various Atmospheres." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1929.
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TG analysis was used to investigate the thermal decomposition of waste printed circuit board (WPCBs) under pyrolysis (in N2), gasification (in CO2) and combustion (in Air) conditions. The experiments were performed at different heating rates (10, 20 and 30 K/min) up to 1233 K. Kissinger method was applied to obtain the kinetic parameters from the experimental data. The results show that the heating rate affects the TG and DTG curves due to the heat transfer limitation. The DTG curve of pyrolysis has only a single peak while that of both gasification and combustion process has two peaks. The activation energy of the first gasification stage is near to that of the pyrolysis process, while the activation energy of the first combustion stage is lower than that of pyrolysis or gasification process. And the activation energy for the second stage of gasification and combustion is much higher than that of the first stage.
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Ben Hassen Trabelsi, Aïda, Amina Ghrib, Kaouther Zaafouri, et al. "Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production from Gasification and Pyrolysis of Solar Dried Sewage Sludge: Experimental and Modeling Investigations." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7831470.
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Solar dried sewage sludge (SS) conversion by pyrolysis and gasification processes has been performed, separately, using two laboratory-scale reactors, a fixed-bed pyrolyzer and a downdraft gasifier, to produce mainly hydrogen-rich syngas. Prior to SS conversion, solar drying has been conducted in order to reduce moisture content (up to 10%). SS characterization reveals that these biosolids could be appropriate materials for gaseous products production. The released gases from SS pyrolysis and gasification present relatively high heating values (up to 9.96 MJ/kg for pyrolysis and 8.02 9.96 MJ/kg for gasification) due to their high contents of H2 (up to 11 and 7 wt%, resp.) and CH4 (up to 17 and 5 wt%, resp.). The yields of combustible gases (H2 and CH4) show further increase with pyrolysis. Stoichiometric models of both pyrolysis and gasification reactions were determined based on the global biomass formula, CαHβOγNδSε, in order to assist in the products yields optimization.
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Shen, Yafei, Dachao Ma, and Xinlei Ge. "CO2-looping in biomass pyrolysis or gasification." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, no. 8 (2017): 1700–1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00279c.
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This paper summarizes the thermochemical conversion of biomass using CO<sub>2</sub>as a reaction medium. In the integrated valorization of biomass by pyrolysis or gasification, CO<sub>2</sub>can play a vital role in each stage, including biomass pyrolysis, biomass/biochar gasification, biochar activation, and tar cracking/reforming.
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Stolarek, P., and S. Ledakowicz. "Thermal processing of sewage sludge by drying, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (2001): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0655.
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Thermal processing of sewage sludge including drying, pyrolysis and gasification or combustion may be an alternative to other ways of utilising it. In this paper thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed in the investigation of thermal decomposition of sewage sludge. The kinetic parameters of drying, pyrolysis and gasification or combustion of sewage sludge have been determined in an inert-gas (argon) and additionally some series of the sludge decomposition experiments have been carried out in air, in order to compare pyrolysis and combustion. The pyrolysis char has been gasified with carbon dioxide. A typical approach to the kinetics of thermal decomposition of a solid waste is to divide the volatile evolution into a few fractions (lumps), each of which is represented by a single first-order reaction. If these lumps are assumed to be non-interacting and evolved by independent parallel reactions the first-order kinetic parameters such as activation energy Ei and pre-exponential factor Ai can be determined from mathematical evaluation of TG or DTG curves. The object of our investigations was a municipal sludge from the two wastewater treatment plants (WTP) in Poland. The experiments have been carried out in the thermobalance Mettler-Toledo type TGA/SDTA851 LF, in the temperature range 30-1,000°C. Five different values of heating rate have been applied β = 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min. The values of Ei and Ai have been determined for all recognised lumps of gaseous products. The method employed has also revealed its usefulness for the determination of kinetic parameters for municipal sludge, that possess an undefined content. An alternative route to combustion of sewage sludge is its gasification, which significantly increases the gaseous product (pyrolytic gas + syngas). Besides pyrolysis kinetics, gasification or combustion process kinetics have also been determined.
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Shen, Tianxu, Jiang Zhang, Laihong Shen, Lei Bai, and Jingchun Yan. "Chemical Looping Co-Gasification Characteristics of Cyanobacterial/Coal Blends." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092352.
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The frequent outbreak of cyanobacteria bloom results in an urgent need for the resource utilization of cyanobacteria. However, the development of routine thermal treatment (i.e., gasification and pyrolysis) is hindered by the issue of high moisture content. In order to minimize the dewatering requirement, this study investigated the chemical looping co-gasification of the cyanobacteria/coal mixture. The results showed that the residual moisture of cyanobacteria not only could serve as the gasifying agent of coal, but also presented a better gasification effect than the injecting steam. Meanwhile, blending cyanobacteria also improved the performance of coal chemical looping gasification in terms of the syngas quality, gasification rate, and carbon conversion efficiency. Cyanobacteria pyrolysis supplied abundant hydrocarbons and hydrogen-rich gases. The highest syngas yield of 1.26 Nm3/kg was obtained in the mixture fuel of 46 wt.% cyanobacteria and 54 wt.% coal under a 0.3 oxygen carrier-to-fuel ratio. A slight interaction effect was observed in the pyrolysis process, in which the reactivity of coal pyrolysis was enhanced by the oxygenated groups of cyanobacteria volatile. The dominant motive of the interaction effect was the catalytic effect of alkali metals of cyanobacteria ash on the coal gasification. However, the formation of aluminosilicates deactivated alkali metals and further inhibited the char gasification. The intensity of interaction effect was demonstrated to be highly relevant with the (Na + K)/Al molar ratio of ash. The most prominent interaction effect occurred for the sample with 82 wt.% cyanobacteria, but a negative interaction was observed in the sample with 10 wt.% cyanobacteria. Both homogeneous reaction and shrinking core models showed the excellent fitting performance in the char gasification process. However, these two models could not be applied to the initial pyrolysis process because of the intricate mechanisms.
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Hilal-AlNaqbi, Ali, Salah B. Al-Omari, and Mohamed Y. E. Selim. "Assessment of Tree Leaves Flakes Mixed with Crude Glycerol as a Bioenergy Source." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5805806.
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The gasification and combustion of dry tree leaves and the cogasification of dry tree leaves soaking crude glycerol were studied experimentally. An updraft fixed bed gasification and combustion system was built. The operation was conducted at different air to fuel ratios. Results show more stable combustion and more effective heat transfer to furnace walls for the cases when tree leaves flakes are mixed with 20 percent (on mass basis) of crude glycerol, as compared with the case when only dry tree leaves are used as fuel. TGA analysis was also conducted for the two fuels used under both air and nitrogen environments. For the crude glycerol, four phases of pyrolysis and gasification were noticed under either of the two surrounding gaseous media (air or nitrogen). For the dry tree leaves, the pyrolysis under nitrogen shows only a simple smooth pyrolysis and gasification curve without showing the different distinct phases that were otherwise identified when the pyrolysis is conducted under air environment. Moreover, the air TGA results lead to more gasification due to the char oxidation at high temperatures. DTG results are also presented and discussed.
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Yang, Bin, and Ming Chen. "Influence of Interactions among Polymeric Components of Automobile Shredder Residue on the Pyrolysis Temperature and Characterization of Pyrolytic Products." Polymers 12, no. 8 (2020): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081682.
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Pyrolysis and gasification have gradually become the main means to dispose of automobile shredder residue (ASR), since these methods can reduce the volume and quality of landfill with lower cost and energy recovery can be conducted simultaneously. As the ASR pyrolysis process is integrated, the results of pyrolysis reactions of organic components and the interaction among polymeric components can be clarified by co-pyrolysis thermogravimetric experiments. The results show that the decomposition mechanisms of textiles and foam are markedly changed by plastic in the co-pyrolysis process, but the effect is not large for rubber and leather. This effect is mainly reflected in the pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis rate. The pyrolytic trend and conversion curve shape of the studied ASR can be predicted by the main polymeric components with a parallel superposition model. The pyrolytic product yields and characterizations of gaseous products were analyzed in laboratory-scale non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments at finished temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. The results prove that the yields of pyrolytic gas products are determined by the thermal decomposition of organic substances in the ASR and final temperature.
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Zhao, Yijun, Dongdong Feng, Shaozeng Sun, Jiyi Luan, and Hongwei Che. "Characteristics of rice husk gasification in cyclone pyrolysis-suspended combustion system." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170801256z.
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The cyclonic gasification technology could realize self-separation of syngas and residual carbon, simplifying the purification system. In cyclone pyrolysis-suspension combustion system, bottom air was fed into carbon-rich area of gasifier. Due to the high height/diameter ratio and uneven temperature distribution in cyclone gasifier, the primary/secondary/bottom air rates were 30%, 20%, and 50%, respectively. Effects of gasification intensity and air equivalent ratio on rice husk gasification performance were explored. The results show that for cyclone pyrolysis-suspension combustion, the optimum gasification intensity is 885.24 kg/m2h. Strengthening the subregion of air supplement could cause a gradual increasing of temperature along the axis of gasifier. The syngas yield was independent of gasification intensity, but increased from 0.98 Nm3/kg at ER = 0.23 to 1.38 Nm3/kg at ER = 0.32. At ER = 0.26~0.29, the gasification performance is best, with gas heat value of 4.99~5.37 MJ/Nm3, cold gasification efficiency of 48.25~49.67% and tar content of 5.38~5.75 g/Nm3.
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Rusanescu, Carmen Otilia, Marin Rusanescu, Cosmin Jinescu, and Ion Durbaca. "Recovery of Treated Sludge." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 10 (2019): 3477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.10.7579.
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This paper presents the methods for recovery of treated sludge: technological valorisation, agricultural valorization, energy recovery, gasification, pyrolysis, supercritical oxidation of water, obtaining the material for plastering, obtaining bricks. These technologies are biology-based technologies (advanced anaerobic digestion strategies and bio-drying) and heat-based technologies (gasification, pyrolysis and supercritical water processing).
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WANG, GUIJIN, HONGYOU YUAN, DALIANG GUO, ZHAOQIU ZHOU, XIULI YIN, and CHUANGZHI WU. "Effects of titanium dioxide as direct causticization agent on the pyrolysis and steam gasification characteristics of straw black liquor solid." June 2015 14, no. 6 (2015): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.6.361.
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Black liquor gasification process with direct causticization using titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered a promising technology for black liquor recovery in the future. In this study, laboratory-scale pyrolysis and steam gasification experiments with direct causticization using TiO2 for straw black liquor solid were performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a tube furnace, respectively. Effects of TiO2 on the pyrolysis and steam gasification characteristics are discussed on the basis of product analysis. The results show that after adding TiO2 at temperature higher than 550°C, the direct causticization reactions happened, while the thermogravimetric behavior of the black liquor solid along with releasing pattern of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide was changed. In the presence of TiO2, swelling and agglomeration were prevented during the pyrolysis process. Meanwhile, sodium emission was significantly decreased and the steam gasification rate of the black liquor char at 850°C was substantially improved. The melting process during gasification was suppressed with direct causticization. Moreover, the yield of hydrogen was kept constant while the yields of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were increased during the steam gasification process with direct causticization.
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Barry, Fanta, Marie Sawadogo, Maïmouna Bologo (Traoré), Igor W. K. Ouédraogo, and Thomas Dogot. "Key Barriers to the Adoption of Biomass Gasification in Burkina Faso." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137324.
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The industrial sector in Burkina Faso faces two significant energy challenges access to efficient energy sources that are also renewable. Pyrolysis and gasification are emerging as conversion pathways that exploit available agricultural and industrial biomass. Pyrolysis has been adopted successfully, whereas gasification failed without getting beyond the experimental stage. This article assesses potential barriers to the adoption of gasification based on interviews with the stakeholders of the energy sector (users, NGOs, policy makers). We use pyrolysis as a benchmark to point out the barriers to adoption. The hierarchical analysis process (AHP) method was applied to identify the most significant barriers to the adoption of gasification. Twenty-seven barriers were identified and prioritized in two dimensions and five categories “technical”, “economic and financial”, “socio-cultural and organizational”, “political, governmental and institutional”, and “ecological and geographical” barriers. The category of socio-cultural and organizational barriers emerged as the most critical in the adoption of gasification. This category deserves special consideration to go past the pilot installation stage and adopting this technology.
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Su, Gui Qiu, Zhong Wei Zhang, and Hong Bo Lu. "Study on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Biomass with TG-FTIR." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.313.
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The thermal gasification characteristics of biomass straw would be studied with thermo gravimetric (TG), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is used for the real-time monitoring on gasification products during biomass pyrolysis. By the method of thermo gravimetric analyzer combined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy experiment. Pyrolysis characteristics and products of biomass straw were experimental explored and analyzed to get pyrolysis characteristics of experimental samples and reaction products, which provided based professional information for effective utilization of biomass straw.
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Feng, Ping, Jie Li, Jinyu Wang, Huan Wang, and Zhiqiang Xu. "Effect of Bio-Oil Species on Rheological Behaviors and Gasification Characteristics of Coal Bio-Oil Slurry Fuels." Processes 8, no. 9 (2020): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091045.
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Bio-oil is a promising fuel as one of the main products from biomass fast pyrolysis for improving energy density and reducing transportation cost, but high acidity and low calorific value limit its direct application. It can be used to prepare coal bio-oil slurry as partial green fuels for potential feeds for synthesis gas production via gasification with the advantages over traditional coal-water slurries of calorific values and being additives-free. In the present work, three bio-oils were blended with lignite to prepare slurry fuels for the investigation of the effect of bio-oil species on rheological behaviors and gasification characteristics of coal bio-oil slurry fuels. Results show that slurry prepared with bio-oil from fruit tree pyrolysis is highly viscous and has higher activation energy in gasification. Slurries prepared with bio-oils from straw pyrolysis and pyroligneous acid from wood pyrolysis exhibited an acceptably lower viscosity, and the gasification temperatures were lower than for coal. The activation energy decreased by 15.98 KJ/mol and 2.77 KJ/mol, respectively, which indicates these bio-oils are more suitable with lignite for slurries preparation.
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Kolesnikov, A. B., and B. Ya Kolesnikov. "Epoxy Polymer Gasification under Combustion." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 2, no. 2 (2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj378.
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<p>The processes taking place in the preflame zone at flame spread over the surface of epoxy polymer have been investigated in the present work. It has been shown that heating of yet unignited polymer ahead of flame spreading over the thermally thick samples is done mainly by the heat conduction through condensed phase. The compositions of highly- and hardly-volatile products of gasification are determined in conditions of the preflame zone. It is shown that the main combustible product of gasification is CO (ca. 85 %). The mass rates of gasification and the linear velocities of an injection of gasification products into gas phase of preflame zone have been determined. The complicated aerodynamic structure of the preflame zone with a vortex formation is shown to exist. As a result oxygen gets a free access to a polymer surface and can participate in gasification processes. Experimental simulation of the epoxy polymer gasification processes was carried out in the oxygen-18 enriched atmosphere. The main oxygen-containing product of gasification is shown to be generated both as a result of pyrolysis, and a result of thermooxidation. More than 75 % of carbon dioxide is formed only due to thermooxidative destruction, and 75 - 90 % of carbon oxide is formed only due to pyrolysis. It has been shown that in a course of epoxy polymer gasification in preflame zone the main mass of combustible products is generated by pyrolysis, but an energy for this is mostly supplied by simultaneously occurred exothermal processes of thermooxidation of the near-surface layers of epoxy polymer.</p>
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Martis, Remston, Amani Al-Othman, Muhammad Tawalbeh, and Malek Alkasrawi. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Date Palm Biomass Feedstock for Biofuel Production in UAE: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Fermentation." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 5877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225877.
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This work evaluates date palm waste as a cheap and available biomass feedstock in UAE for the production of biofuels. The thermochemical and biochemical routes including pyrolysis, gasification, and fermentation were investigated. Simulations were done to produce biofuels from biomass via Aspen Plus v.10. The simulation results showed that for a tonne of biomass feed, gasification produced 56 kg of hydrogen and fermentation yielded 233 kg of ethanol. Process energy requirements, however, proved to offset the bioethanol product value. For 1 tonne of biomass feed, the net duty for pyrolysis was 37 kJ, for gasification was 725 kJ, and for fermentation was 7481.5 kJ. Furthermore, for 1 tonne of date palm waste feed, pyrolysis generated a returned USD $768, gasification generated USD 166, but fermentation required an expenditure of USD 763, rendering it unfeasible. The fermentation economic analysis showed that reducing the system’s net duty to 6500 kJ/tonne biomass and converting 30% hemicellulose along with the cellulose content will result in a breakeven bioethanol fuel price of 1.85 USD/L. This fuel price falls within the acceptable 0.8–2.4 USD/L commercial feasibility range and is competitive with bioethanol produced in other processes. The economic analysis indicated that pyrolysis and gasification are economically more feasible than fermentation. To maximize profits, the wasted hemicellulose and lignin from fermentation are proposed to be used in thermochemical processes for further fuel production.
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Chuayboon, Srirat, and Stéphane Abanades. "Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation of Solar-Driven Biomass Pyro-Gasification Using H2O, CO2, or ZnO Oxidants for Clean Syngas and Metallurgical Zn Production." Processes 9, no. 4 (2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040687.
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The solar gasification of biomass represents a promising avenue in which both renewable solar and biomass energy can be utilized in a single process to produce synthesis gas. The type of oxidant plays a key role in solar-driven biomass gasification performance. In this study, solar gasification of beech wood biomass with different oxidants was thermodynamically and experimentally investigated in a 1.5 kWth continuously-fed consuming bed solar reactor at 1200 °C under atmospheric pressure. Gaseous (H2O and CO2) as well as solid (ZnO) oxidants in pellet and particle shapes were utilized for gasifying beech wood, and the results were compared with pyrolysis (no oxidant). As a result, thermodynamic predictions provided insights into chemical gasification reactions against oxidants, which can support experimental results. Compared to pyrolysis, using oxidants significantly promoted syngas yield and energy upgrade factor. The highest total syngas yield (63.8 mmol/gbiomass) was obtained from biomass gasification with H2O, followed by CO2, ZnO/biomass mixture (pellets and particles), and pyrolysis. An energy upgrade factor (U) exceeding one was achieved whatever the oxidants, with the maximum U value of 1.09 from biomass gasification with ZnO, thus highlighting successful solar energy storage into chemical products. ZnO/biomass pellets exhibited greater gas yield, particularly CO, thanks to enhanced solid–solid reaction. Solid product characterization revealed that ZnO can be reduced to high-purity Zn through solar gasification, indicating that solar-driven biomass gasification with ZnO is a promising innovative process for CO2-free sustainable co-production of metallic Zn and high-quality syngas.
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Cui, Fang Ming, Xiao Yuan Zhang, and Li Min Shang. "Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biomass Pyrolysis under Different Atmospheres." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1616.
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Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to study the effects of two different atmospheres (nitrogen and mixed biomass gasification gas) on the pyrolysis of rice husk, corn stalk and pine wood. Kinetic parameters were calculated based on the experiment data. The results indicated that TG and DTG curves moved to higher temperature range and the characteristic temperatures ascended as the increasing of the heating rate. Moreover, the three biomass materials exhibited similar pyrolysis behaviors under the two different atmospheres, but the activation energy values of the pyrolysis under mixed biomass gasification gas were higher than those under nitrogen.
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Wang, Pei, Wen Jian Zhu, Yong Hui Bai, and Fan Li. "An Investigation of the Structure and Gasification Reactivity of Char." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 3110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.3110.
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The Yining char samples were prepared in following conditions that raw coal particle size was in range 5-6mm and pyrolysis final temperature was 900oC, 1000oC and 1100oC, respectively, with a heating rate 20oC/min under atmospheric pressure. The gasification reactivity of chars was performed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 900oC in steam, CO2 and steam/CO2 mixture, respectively. The results show that the gasification reactivity of chars decreases with the increasing of pyrolysis final temperatures and there is synergistic effect between steam and CO2 during co-gasification that influences the char reactivity. The reason may be explained by char structure change, which FTIR showed that –CH3 and –O–CH3 decreased and even disappeared and XRD analysis suggested that the thickness of microcrystalline Lc, the values of microcrystalline diameter La and the aromatic of char fa became larger with increasing pyrolysis temperature.
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Luo, Hao, Lukasz Niedzwiecki, Amit Arora, et al. "Influence of Torrefaction and Pelletizing of Sawdust on the Design Parameters of a Fixed Bed Gasifier." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13113018.
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Gasification of biomass in fixed bed gasifiers is a well-known technology, with its origins dating back to the beginning of 20th century. It is a technology with good prospects, in terms of small scale, decentralized power co-generation. However, the understanding of the process is still not fully developed. Therefore, assessment of the changes in the design of a gasifier is typically performed with extensive prototyping stage, thus introducing significant cost. This study presents experimental results of gasification of a single pellet and bed of particles of raw and torrefied wood. The procedure can be used for obtaining design parameters of a fixed bed gasifier. Results of two suits of experiments, namely pyrolysis and CO2 gasification are presented. Moreover, results of pyrolysis of pellets are compared against a numerical model, developed for thermally thick particles. Pyrolysis time, predicted by model, was in good agreement with experimental results, despite some differences in the time when half of the initial mass was converted. Conversion times for CO2 gasification were much longer, despite higher temperature of the process, indicating importance of the reduction reactions. Overall, the obtained results could be helpful in developing a complete model of gasification of thermally thick particles in a fixed bed.
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MURAKAMI, Kazuhiko, Takashi AMAMI, and Masahiro OTA. "Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass resources." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2004.9 (2004): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2004.9.395.
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Czerski, Grzegorz, Katarzyna Zubek, and Przemysław Grzywacz. "Kinetics of Pyrolysis and Gasification Using Thermogravimetric and Thermovolumetric Analyses." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 1 (2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0004.
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Abstract The carbon dioxide gasification process of Miscanthus giganteus biomass was examined using two methods. First an isothermal thermovolumetric method was applied. The measurement was conducted at 950°C and pressure of 0.1 MPa. Based on the continuous analysis of different kinds of gases formed during the gasification process, the thermovolumetric method allowed the determination of yields and composition of the resulting gas as well as the rate constant of CO formation. Then a non-isothermal thermogravimetric method was applied, during which the loss of weight of a sample as a function of temperature was recorded. In the course of the measurement, the temperature was raised from ambient to 950°C and the pressure was 0.1 MPa. As a result, a change in the carbon conversion degree was obtained. Moreover, TGA methods allow distinguishing various stages of the gasification process such as primary pyrolysis, secondary pyrolysis and gasification, and determining kinetic parameters for each stage. The presented methods differs from each other as they are based either on the analysis of changes in the resulting product or on the analysis of changes in the supplied feedstock, but both can be successfully used to the effective examination of kinetics of the gasification process. In addition, an important advantage of both methods is the possibility to carry out the gasification process for different solid fuels as coal, biomass, or solid waste in the atmosphere of a variety of gasification agents.
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Makoba, Mmoloki, Daniel Erich Botha, Mpho Thabang Rapoo, et al. "A Review on Botswana Coal Potential from a Pyrolysis and Gasification Perspective." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 1 (2020): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12909.
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Coal pyrolysis and gasification are promising options for the future of Botswana as the country has large coal reserves with severe limitations in terms of export options. Coal characterization facilities will be required in order to harness its full potential and methods such as proximate, ultimate and chemical structure analysis (FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques) were investigated. The paper presents a brief history of pyrolysis and gasification, typical types of the reactors as well as factors that influence product selection for Botswana coal. Coal pyrolysis and gasification are complex processes and it is difficult to define the mechanisms of product formation. However, there are several kinetic models that are relevant to the sub-bituminous coal of Botswana which were proposed by researchers to describe the formation of the compounds and mathematical models that were validated by other researchers on mass and heat transfer as also presented herein.
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Monge, Juan J., Luis A. Ribera, John L. Jifon, Jorge A. da Silva, and James W. Richardson. "Economics and Uncertainty of Lignocellulosic Biofuel Production from Energy Cane and Sweet Sorghum in South Texas." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 46, no. 4 (2014): 457–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800029059.
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Government support uncertainty, scarce yield information, and the inherent risk in bioeconomic phenomena are some of the deterrents faced by investors in the nascent cellulosic biofuel industry. A financial probabilistic model was developed to contrast the economic feasibility of producing cellulosic biofuels from energy cane and sweet sorghum using three technologies: hydrolysis, pyrolysis, and gasification. Hydrolysis and pyrolysis proved feasible (showed possibilities of a positive net present value) without government support and conditioned to stochastic feedstock yields and biofuel prices. Gasification was feasible with government support. Improved feedstock and biofuel productivity would considerably raise the feasibility probabilities for hydrolysis and pyrolysis without government support.
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Chemyavsky, Nikola. "The main natural lows of high-rate coal pyrolysis." Thermal Science 7, no. 2 (2003): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0302077c.
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The importance of coal pyrolysis studies for the development of energy technologies is evident, since pvrolysis is the first stage of any process of coal thermal conversion. In combustion, pyrolysis determines conditions of coal ignition and the rate of char after-burning, in gasification, pyrolysis determines total yield of gasification products. It must be noted that in modern energy technologies pyrolysis occurs at high late of coal particle heating (=10 K/s for different fluidized bed, or FB-technologies) or super-high-rate (>10**5 K/s for entrained-flow gasification), and in some of them at high pressure. In CETI during last 12 years the detailed study of pyrolysis in FB laboratory-scale PYROLYSIS-D plant and entramed-flow pilot-scale GSP-01 plant, was carried out. In this paper main results of mentioned investigations are given. Kinetic constants for bituminous coals and anthracite high heating rates in entrained flow for high temperatures (>1500 ?C and >1900 ?C), and in fluidized bed conditions in temperature range 972-1273 K. In order to describe data obtained in fluidized bed conditions, G--model based method of calculation of devolatization dynamics was suited to FB heating conditions. Calculated and experimental kinetic data are in good agreement. The result proves that at FB-pvrolysis conditions intrinsic mass-transfer limitations are negligible and devolatilization is really kinetic-controlled.
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Dahou, Tilia, Françoise Defoort, Sébastien Thiéry, et al. "The Influence of Char Preparation and Biomass Type on Char Steam Gasification Kinetics." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082126.
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A study was conducted to investigate the parameter that has influence on steam gasification kinetics between the biomass type and char preparation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on steam gasification of seven biomass samples as well as chars from three of these samples. Chars were prepared using three different sets of low heating rate (LHR) pyrolysis conditions including temperature and biomass bed geometry. It was shown by a characteristic time analysis that these pyrolysis conditions were not associated with a chemical regime in a large amount of devices. However, it has been shown experimentally that conditions used to prepare the char had a much lower influence on steam gasification kinetics than the biomass type.
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Karp, I. M., K. Ye Pyanykh, and K. K. Pianykh. "UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2019.05.
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Sewage sludge utilization technologies must meet two requirements: the use of energy potential and ensuring that the products of their processing are not negatively affected by the environment. New technologies for the disposal of sediments that meet these requirements are being developed: pyrolysis, hydro pyrolysis, combined processes of fermentation and gasification, polygeneration, steam conversion, gasification of mixtures with other fuels, thermocatalytic reforming, three-stage gasification. Most of these technologies have not yet been commercialized. The energy potential of «fresh» sediments in Ukraine is estimated at 446 thousand tons of conditional fuel. Its use for the electricity production and thermal energy and secondary liquid and solid fuels is appropriate as being consistent with the global trend of decentralized energy development. The economically efficient, acceptable for Ukrainian conditions is the technology used to dispose of sediment, is their joint combustion with other solid fuels and waste in boilers of power stations and in cement kilns. For objects of decentralized energy, it should be preferred to the processes of gasification or pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Composting technology is acceptable to dispose of accumulated precipitates. Bibl. 27, Fig. 5, Tab. 3.
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Chen, Lin, Shu Zhong Wang, Zhi Qiang Wu, Hai Yu Meng, and Jun Zhao. "Pyrolysis Kinetics and Characteristics of Wood-Based Materials from Municipal Solid Waste." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.442.
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Wood-based materials from Municipal Solid Waste have the potential of covering a significant part of the future demand on gasification capacities. However, their pyrolysis kinetics and gasification behavior has not yet been fully investigated. This paper describes the pyrolysis characteristics of typing paper and Chinese parasol from municipal solid waste applying the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, the apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor were obtained by kinetics analysis at the heating rate of 10/20/40 oC•min-1.
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Wu, Zhi Qiang, Shu Zhong Wang, Jun Zhao, Lin Chen, and Hai Yu Meng. "Investigation on Pyrolysis Characteristic and Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Model Compound." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.224.
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Lignocellulosic biomass gasification is considered as one of the effective methods for transforming scattered biomass into heat, power and various chemicals. As a fundamental step for biomass gasification, pyrolysis has remarkable influence on products distribution and char reactivity during the further step. Further research on the pyrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass is beneficial to optimize and promote the process of gasification. In this paper, pyrolysis characteristic of a kind of lignocellulosic biomass model compound (cellulose) was explored through thermogravimetric analyzer. The temperature was from 25 °C to 950 °C under various heating rates (10, 20, 40 °C·min-1) with nitrogen atmosphere. A three step selecting method for mechanism function was used to check out the optimum model from fifteen kinds of most frequently used mechanisms. The results indicated that under various heating rates, the optimum mechanism model for the cellulose in this paper was different. The values of activation energy and frequency factor for cellulose pyrolysis calculated by the three step method in this paper under 10, 20, 40 °C·min-1 were 245.95, 212.09 and 144.27 kJ·mol-1, 8.47E+17, 5.35E+18 and 1.20E+11 s-1, respectively.
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Awais Salman, Chaudhary, Erik Dahlquist, Eva Thorin, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, and Anders Avelin. "Future directions for CHP plants using biomass and waste – adding production of vehicle fuels." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911301006.
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In Northern Europe, the production of many biobased CHP plants is getting affected due to the enormous expansion of wind and solar power. In addition, heat demand varies throughout the year, and existing CHP plants show less technical performance and suffer economically. By integrating the existing CHP plants with other processes for the production of chemicals, they can be operated more hours, provide operational and production flexibility and thus increase efficiency and profitability. In this paper, we look at a possible solution by converting an existing CHP plant into integrated biorefinery by retrofitting pyrolysis and gasification process. Pyrolysis is retrofitted in an existed CHP plant. Bio-oil obtained from pyrolysis is upgraded to vehicle grade biofuels. Gasification process located upfront of CHP plant provides the hydrogen required for upgradation of biofuel. The results show that a pyrolysis plant with 18 ton/h feed handling capacity (90 MWth), when integrated with gasification for hydrogen requirement and CHP plant for heat can produce 5.2 ton/h of gasoline/diesel grade biofuels. The system integration gives positive economic benefits too but the annual operating hours can impact economic performance.
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Paulauskas, Rolandas, Kęstutis Zakarauskas, and Nerijus Striūgas. "An Intensification of Biomass and Waste Char Gasification in a Gasifier." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071983.
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Gasification is considered a clean and effective way to convert low quality biomass to higher value gas and solve various waste utilization problems as well. However, only 80% of biomass is converted through thermal processes. The remaining part is char, which requires more time for conversion and in that case reduces the efficiency of gasifier. Seeking to optimize the process of gasification, this work focuses on the intensification of residual char gasification in a gasifier. For this purpose, three different types of char prepared from wood, sewage sludge and tire were examined under different conditions in a lab-scale gasification setup. Results showed that the air flux increase from 0.11 kg/(m2s) to 0.32 kg/(m2s) intensified the gasification process and the gasification rate increased from 0.8 to 2.61 g/min with the decrease of duration of wood char gasification by 72%. An additional introduction of pyrolysis gas into the char gasifier led to decreased bed temperatures, but the gasification rate increased from 0.8 to 1.25 g/min and from 2.61 g/min to 2.83 g/min, respectively, for the wood char and the sewage sludge char. Moreover, the use of pyrolysis gas coupled with air as the gasifying agent enhanced the composition of produced gas from char, and the CO2 concentration decreased by 1.68 vol% while the H2 concentration increased by 2.8 vol%.
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Rumbino, Yusuf, Suryo Purwono, Muslikhin Hidayat, and Hary Sulistyo. "Syngas Compositions And Kinetics Of South Kalimantan Lignite Coal Char Gasification With Steam." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815602008.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the gasification of a South Kalimantan lignite coal char in the temperature range of 873-1073 ºK and steam condition to evaluate the reactions rates and the product gas compositions. Prior to the gasification experiments the raw char was pyrolysed under nitrogen atmosphere and at a temperature of 673 ºK. The gasification experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor, at atmospheric pressure, isothermal conditions, equipped with cooling system, gas reservoir, and temperature control. Char from coal pyrolysis weighed then gasified at variations of temperature. Gas sampling is done every 15 minutes intervals for 90 minutes. The reactivity study was conducted in the kinetically controlled by the heterogeneous reaction between solid carbon from the char and a gas phase reagent. Two theoretical models were tested to fit the experimental data and the kinetic parameters were determined. It was found that an increase in temperature enhances the reaction rate and also the formation of H2, CO, CH4, and CO2. The results show that higher temperature contributes to more hydrogen production The gasification kinetics was suitably described by the Random Pore Model. Activation energy determination of char gasification reactions by using Arrhenius graph.
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Huang, Yong, Yonggang Wang, Hao Zhou, et al. "Effects of Water Content and Particle Size on Yield and Reactivity of Lignite Chars Derived from Pyrolysis and Gasification." Molecules 23, no. 10 (2018): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102717.
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Water inside coal particles could potentially enhance the interior char–steam reactions during pyrolysis and gasification. This study aims to examine the effects of water contents on the char conversion during the pyrolysis and gasification of Shengli lignite. The ex-situ reactivities of chars were further analyzed by a thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Under the pyrolysis condition, the increase in water contents has monotonically decreased the char yields only when the coal particles were small (<75 µm). In contrast, the water in only large coal particles (0.9–2.0 mm) has clearly favored the increase in char conversion during the gasification condition where 50% steam in argon was used as external reaction atmosphere. The waved reactivity curves for the subsequent char–air reactions were resulted from the nature of heterogeneity of char structure. Compared to the large particles, the less interior char–steam reactions for the small particles have created more differential char structure which showed two different stages when reacting with air at the low temperature in TGA.
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Wiśniewski, Dariusz, Janusz Gołaszewski, and Andrzej Białowiec. "The pyrolysis and gasification of digestate from agricultural biogas plant / Piroliza i gazyfikacja pofermentu z biogazowni rolniczych." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 3 (2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0032.
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AbstractAnaerobic digestion residue represents a nutrient rich resource which, if applied back on land, can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and improve soil fertility. However, dewatering and further thermal processing of digestate may be recommended in certain situations. Limited applicability of digestate as fertilizer may appear, especially in winter, during the vegetation period or in areas where advanced eutrophication of arable land and water bodies is developing. The use of digestate may be also governed by different laws depending on whether it is treated as fertilizer, sewage sludge or waste. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of thermal treatment of solid fraction of digestate by drying followed by pyrolysis and gasification. Pyrolysis was carried out at the temperature of about 500°C. During this process the composition of flammable gases was checked and their calorific value was assessed. Then, a comparative analysis of energy parameters of the digestate and the carbonizate was performed. Gasification of digestate was carried out at the temperature of about 850°C with use of CO2as the gasifi cation agent. Gasification produced gas with higher calorific value than pyrolysis, but carbonizate from pyrolysis had good properties to be used as a solid fuel
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Jiang, Peng, Yang Meng, Ziyao Lu, et al. "Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of CO2 gasification of coal chars prepared via conventional and microwave pyrolysis." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 3 (2020): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00358-5.
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Abstract This study examined an isothermal CO2 gasification of four chars prepared via two different methods, i.e., conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis, by the approach of thermogravimetric analysis. Physical, chemical, and structural behaviours of chars were examined using ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electronic microscopy. Kinetic parameters were calculated by applying the shrinking unreacted core (SCM) and random pore (RPM) models. Moreover, char-CO2 gasification was further simulated by using Aspen Plus to investigate thermodynamic performances in terms of syngas composition and cold gas efficiency (CGE). The microwave-induced char has the largest C/H mass ratio and most ordered carbon structure, but the smallest gasification reactivity. Kinetic analysis indicates that the RPM is better for describing both gasification conversion and reaction rates of the studied chars, and the activation energies and pre-exponential factors varied in the range of 78.45–194.72 kJ/mol and 3.15–102,231.99 s−1, respectively. In addition, a compensation effect was noted during gasification. Finally, the microwave-derived char exhibits better thermodynamic performances than the conventional chars, with the highest CGE and CO molar concentration of 1.30% and 86.18%, respectively. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature, gasification temperature, and CO2-to-carbon molar ratio improved the CGE.
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Paolucci, Martino, Filippis de, and Carlo Borgianni. "Pyrolysis and gasification of municipal and industrial wastes blends." Thermal Science 14, no. 3 (2010): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1003739p.
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Gasification could play an important role in the treatment of municipal solid wastes. However, some problems may arise when using unsorted materials due to the difficulties of obtaining a feed with consistent physical characteristics and chemical properties. To overcome this problem, a new type of gasifier consisting of three stages, namely a pyrolytic stage followed by gasification and a reforming stage, was considered. Theoretical calculations made on the proposed gasification scheme shows better performance than a previously studied two-stage gasifier because of its ability of reaching the same final temperature of the syngas with a lower oxygen injection and a better oxygen partition ratio between the stages. The reduced amount of oxygen allows to obtain an improved syngas quality with higher return in the final products, such as hydrogen, electricity and so on.
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Li, Xiaoming, Caifeng Yang, Mengjie Liu, Jin Bai, and Wen Li. "Influence of different biomass ash additive on anthracite pyrolysis process and char gasification reactivity." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 3 (2020): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00349-6.
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Abstract Catalytic coal gasification technology shows prominent advantages in enhancing coal gasification reactivity and is restrained by the cost of catalyst. Two typical biomass ash additions, corn stalk ash (CSA, high K–Na and low Si) and poplar sawdust ash (PSA, high K–Ca and high Si), were employed to study the influence of biomass ash on pyrolysis process and char gasification reactivity of the typical anthracite. Microstructure characteristics of the char samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on isothermal char-CO2 gasification experiments, the influence of biomass ash on reactivity of anthracite char was determined using thermogravimetric analyzer. Furthermore, structural parameters were correlated with different reactivity parameters to illustrate the crucial factor on the gasification reactivity varied with char reaction stages. The results indicate that both CSA and PSA additives hinder the growth of adjacent basic structural units in a vertical direction of the carbon structure, and then slow down the graphitization process of the anthracite during pyrolysis. The inhibition effect is more prominent with the increasing of biomass ash. In addition, the gasification reactivity of anthracite char is significantly promoted, which could be mainly attributed to the abundant active AAEM (especially K and Na) contents of biomass ash and a lower graphitization degree of mixed chars. Higher K and Na contents illustrate that the CSA has more remarkable promotion effect on char gasification reactivity than PSA, in accordance with the inhibition effect on the order degree of anthracite char. The stacking layer number could reasonably act as a rough indicator for evaluating the gasification reactivity of the char samples.
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Lunova, Oksana, Viktor Gorda, and Konstantin Satsiuk. "Pecularities of Municipal Solid Wastes Using Hightemperature Gasification Technology with Electrothermal Stabilization of the Process." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 27 (December 2016): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.27.51.
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In the article offered technology hightemperature gasification of the municipal solid wastes with electrothermal stabilization of the process. Technology was adapted for conditions of Ukraine for goal of the experimental verification of the effectivity. Pyrolysis of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and process of the gasification MSW were adapted to the conditions of existing advanced technology of the hightemperature gasification of the carbon containing materials with electrothermal stabilization of the process (HTGTES). Autothermal process parameters of MSW gasification is proved by calculation of the heat and mass balance in conditions of Ukraine.
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Wang, Qi Min, Hao Wang, Jia Hao, and Shuo Guo. "Coal and Wood Chips Co-Pyrolysis Study." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.422.
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As a clean, renewable energy, rational use of biomss can effectively solve the problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution. Co-combustion and Co-gasification of biomass and coal are important ways of biomass utilization. Co-pyrolysis reaction is one of the most important processes in the co-combustion and co-gasification. In order to study the different mix ways of coal and wood chips affections on the co-pyrolysis process, TGA was used to study the co-pyrolysis characters of wood chips and coal mixed by different methods with mass ratio 1:1. it is founded out that there is certain interaction between wood chips and coal by the comparison of TGA curves and calculation curves. There is promoting affection at the high temperature if wood chips and coal had been mixed up. There is inhibiting affection if wood chips and coal are tiering distributed.
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Nowicki, Lech, Dorota Siuta, and Maciej Markowski. "Pyrolysis of Rapeseed Oil Press Cake and Steam Gasification of Solid Residues." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174472.
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A deoiled rapeseed press cake (RPC) was pyrolyzed by heating at a slow heating rate to 1000 °C in a fixed bed reactor, and the produced char was then gasified to obtain data for the kinetic modeling of the process. The gasification experiments were performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under steam/argon mixtures at different temperatures (750, 800 and 850 °C) and steam mole fractions (0.17 and 0.45). The three most commonly used gas-solid kinetic models, the random pore model, the volumetric model and the shrinking core model were used to describe the conversion of char during steam gasification. The objective of the kinetic study was to determine the kinetic parameters and to assess the ability of the models to predict the RPC conversion during steam gasification. A TGA-MS analysis was applied to assess the composition of the product gas. The main steam gasification product of the RPC was hydrogen (approximately 60 mol % of the total product). The volumetric model was able to accurately predict the behavior of the RPC char gasification with steam at temperatures of 750–850 °C and steam concentrations less than 0.45 mole fraction. The activation energy and the reaction order with respect to steam were equal to 166 kJ/mol and 0.5, respectively, and were typical values for the gasification of biomass chars with steam