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1

Grover, Liam M., Uwe Gbureck, David Farrar, and J. E. Barralet. "The Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Cement Formed from Pyrophosphoric and Orthophosphoric Acids." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.125.

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In this study the setting times, compressive strengths and microstructures of cements formed using pyrophosphoric acid solution and b-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; Ca3(PO4)2) were compared with those of cement formed using orthophosphoric acid solution and b-TCP. It was found that cement formed using pyrophosphoric acid solution set more slowly than that formed using orthophosphoric acid and could be mixed to a higher powder to liquid ratio, facilitating the production of cement exhibiting compressive strengths, without pre-compaction, as high as 25 MPa. The use of pyrophosphoric acid as oppose
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2

Nakajima, Daiki, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Shungo Natsui, and Ryosuke O. Suzuki. "Advancing and receding contact angle investigations for highly sticky and slippery aluminum surfaces fabricated from nanostructured anodic oxide." RSC Advances 8, no. 65 (2018): 37315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07712f.

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3

Tanaka, Hidekazu, Masakazu Futaoka, and Ryozi Hino. "Surface modification of calcium hydroxyapatite with pyrophosphoric acid." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 269, no. 2 (2004): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.07.039.

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4

Liu, Xiaohai, Harry Adams, and G. Michael Blackburn. "Synthesis of novel ‘supercharged’ analogues of pyrophosphoric acid." Chemical Communications, no. 23 (1998): 2619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a807162d.

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5

Yamamoto, K., and T. Taniuchi. "Characteristics of pyrophosphoric acid proton‐exchanged waveguides in LiNbO3." Journal of Applied Physics 70, no. 11 (1991): 6663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349838.

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6

Qin, Xian Ye, Biao Liu, Bing Han, Wen Bo Zhao, Shui Sheng Wu, and Pei Chao Lian. "Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate from Ethyl Carbamate and Ethanol with Acid as Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1081.

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The catalytic activity of many Lewis and Bronsted acid for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) from ethyl carbamate (EC) and ethanol was evaluated in a bath reactor. Pyrophosphoric acid (H4P7O2) which showed the best activity was selected to further investigate the effect of reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, catalyst dose and reaction time, on the yield of DEC. Under the optimal conditions, DEC yield can reach 29.1%.
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7

Peranidze, Kristina, Tatiana V. Safronova, Yaroslav Filippov, Gilyana Kazakova, Tatiana Shatalova, and Julietta V. Rau. "Powders Based on Ca2P2O7-CaCO3-H2O System as Model Objects for the Development of Bioceramics." Ceramics 5, no. 3 (2022): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics5030032.

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Nanoscale powders of hydrated Ca2P2O7, CaCO3, and a product of mixed-anionic composition containing P2O74− and CO32− anions were synthesized from aqueous solutions of Ca(CH3COO)2, pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7), and/or (NH4)2CO3. Pyrophosphoric acid was previously obtained on the basis of the ion exchange process from Na4P2O7 solution and H+-cationite resin for further introduction into the reactions as an anionic precursor. The phase composition of powders after the syntheses was represented by bioresorbable phases of X-ray amorphous hydrated Ca2P2O7 phase, calcite and vaterite polymorphs of Ca
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8

Sakakura, Akira, Manabu Hatano, Kazuaki Ishihara, et al. "Chiral Pyrophosphoric Acid Catalysts for the para-Selective and Enantioselective Aza-Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Phenols." Synthesis 50, no. 23 (2018): 4577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610250.

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Chiral BINOL-derived pyrophosphoric acid catalysts were developed and used for the regio- and enantioselective aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction of phenols with aldimines. ortho/para-Directing phenols could react at the para-position selectively with moderate to good enantioselectivities. Moreover, the gram-scale transformation of a product into the key intermediate for the antifungal agent (R)-bifonazole was demonstrated.
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9

Nakajima, Daiki, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Taiki Yoshioka, et al. "A Superhydrophilic Aluminum Surface with Fast Water Evaporation Based on Anodic Alumina Bundle Structures via Anodizing in Pyrophosphoric Acid." Materials 12, no. 21 (2019): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213497.

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A superhydrophilic aluminum surface with fast water evaporation based on nanostructured aluminum oxide was fabricated via anodizing in pyrophosphoric acid. Anodizing aluminum in pyrophosphoric acid caused the successive formation of a barrier oxide film, a porous oxide film, pyramidal bundle structures with alumina nanofibers, and completely bent nanofibers. During the water contact angle measurements at 1 s after the water droplet was placed on the anodized surface, the contact angle rapidly decreased to less than 10°, and superhydrophilic behavior with the lowest contact angle measuring 2.0°
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10

Tanaka, Hidekazu, Masakazu Futaoka, Ryozi Hino, Kazuhiko Kandori, and Tatsuo Ishikawa. "Structure of synthetic calcium hydroxyapatite particles modified with pyrophosphoric acid." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 283, no. 2 (2005): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.09.013.

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11

OZAWA, Toshiyuki, Takeshi NAGANUMA, Akira INOUE, and Kazutoshi TAMURA. "Effect of pyrophosphoric acid on the formation of calcium monohydrogenorthophosphate anhydrate." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 12 (1986): 1729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1986.1729.

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12

Davis, Gillian M., and Nathan A. Lindop. "Fabrication and characterization of pyrophosphoric acid proton exchanged lithium tantalate waveguides." Journal of Applied Physics 77, no. 12 (1995): 6121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359549.

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13

Goto, N., and Gar Lam Yip. "Characterization of proton-exchange and annealed LiNbO_3 waveguides with pyrophosphoric acid." Applied Optics 28, no. 1 (1989): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.28.000060.

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14

Pun, E. Y. B., T. C. Kong, P. S. Chung, and H. P. Chan. "Index profile of proton-exchanged waveguides in LiNbO3 using pyrophosphoric acid." Electronics Letters 26, no. 2 (1990): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900054.

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15

Yamamoto, Kazuhisa, Kiminori Mizuuchi, and Tetsuo Taniuchi. "Low-Loss Channel Waveguides in MgO:LiNbO3and LiTaO3by Pyrophosphoric Acid Proton Exchange." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 31, Part 1, No. 4 (1992): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.31.1059.

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16

Williard, Joseph W., D. Jean Ray, and Yong K. Kim. "Solubility in the system ammonia-orthophosphoric acid-pyrophosphoric acid-water at 35 and 50.degree.C." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 32, no. 1 (1987): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00047a031.

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17

Rodionova, S. S., E. A. Yuryeva, А. F. Kolondaev, and T. А. Mashkovskaya. "Clinical use of bisphosphonates." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 6, no. 1 (1999): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto98442.

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In the treatment of bone tissue pathology associated with a violation of its metabolism, drugs belonging to the class of bisphosphonates have been increasingly used in the last decade. Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogs of pyrophosphoric acid containing, instead of the chemical bond [P-O-P], which undergoes rapid decay in the body, a non-hydrolyzable bond [P-C-P]. This prevents the drugs from breaking down when taken per os, but since they are chelators, it is recommended to take them on an empty stomach to prevent binding to divalent ions.
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18

TANAKA, HIDEKAZU, MIE YAMAGUCHI, MASAKAZU FUTAOKA, and RYOZI HINO. "SURFACE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM HYDROXYAPATITE PARTICLES MODIFIED WITH PYROPHOSPHORIC ACID." Phosphorus Research Bulletin 19 (2005): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3363/prb1992.19.0_262.

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19

Kotov, V. V., D. V. Nenakhov, and K. E. Stekol’nikov. "Transport of ions of pyrophosphoric acid through chemically different anion-exchange membranes." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 46, no. 1 (2010): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193510010143.

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20

Pun, E. Y. B., T. C. Kong, P. S. Chung, and H. P. Chan. "Erratum: Index profile of proton-exchanged waveguides in LiNbO3 using pyrophosphoric acid." Electronics Letters 26, no. 8 (1990): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900362.

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21

Nakajima, Daiki, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Shungo Natsui, and Ryosuke O. Suzuki. "Superhydrophilicity of a nanofiber-covered aluminum surface fabricated via pyrophosphoric acid anodizing." Applied Surface Science 389 (December 2016): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.088.

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22

OTA, Sanae, Takako YAMAGUCHI, and Yoshikazu FUJITA. "Spectrofluorometric determination of pyrophosphoric acid by utilizing condensation reaction between resorcinol and propionaldehyde." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 53, no. 9 (2004): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.959.

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23

Marinović, V., and A. R. Despić. "Pyrophosphoric acid as a source of hydrogen in cathodic hydrogen evolution on silver." Electrochimica Acta 44, no. 23 (1999): 4073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00123-1.

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24

Zhang, Jing, Huizhe Wu, Qiuchen Chen, et al. "A Locked Nucleic Acid Probe Based on Selective Salt-Induced Effect Detects Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/391070.

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Detection of single based genetic mutation by using oligonucleotide probes is one of the common methods of detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms at known loci. In this paper, we demonstrated a hybridization system which included a buffer solution that produced selective salt-induced effect and a locked nucleic acid modified 12 nt oligonucleotide probe. The hybridization system is suitable for hybridization under room temperature. By using magnetic nanoparticles as carriers for PCR products, the SNPs (MDR1C3435T/A) from 45 volunteers were analyzed, and the results were consistent with the r
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25

Grover, Liam M., Uwe Gbureck, David Farrar, and J. E. Barralet. "Adhesion of a Novel Calcium Phosphate Cement to Cortical Bone and Several Common Biomaterials." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.849.

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In this study, we have shown that by incorporating pyrophosphoric acid into a brushite cement system, it is possible to produce a cement that exhibits adhesive tensile strengths with cortical bone, alumina, sintered hydroxyapatite and 316L stainless steel of 700 kPa. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a calcium phosphate cement formulation that exhibits such adhesive properties without the addition of an organic additive. The production of a bond between medical prostheses and bone may further widen the field of application of calcium phosphate cements, additionally the adhesive nat
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26

Zhao, Lei, Ge Yang, Haocheng Hu, et al. "SAPO-34 crystals with nanosheet morphology synthesized by pyrophosphoric acid as new phosphorus source." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 333 (March 2022): 111753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111753.

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27

Grover, Liam M., Uwe Gbureck, Anne M. Young, Adrian J. Wright та Jake E. Barralet. "Temperature dependent setting kinetics and mechanical properties of β-TCP–pyrophosphoric acid bone cement". Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, № 46 (2005): 4955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b507056m.

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28

Safronova, T. V., S. A. Kurbatova, T. B. Shatalova, A. V. Knotko, P. V. Yevdokimov, and V. I. Putlyayev. "Calcium pyrophosphate powder for production of bioceramics synthesized from pyrophosphoric acid and calcium acetate." Inorganic Materials: Applied Research 8, no. 1 (2017): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075113317010348.

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29

Kong, Jiaojiao, Qinyan Yue, Bo Wang, et al. "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from leather waste microwave-induced pyrophosphoric acid activation." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 104 (November 2013): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.05.024.

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30

Kondo, Ryunosuke, Daiki Nakajima, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Shungo Natsui, and Ryosuke O. Suzuki. "Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic aluminum alloys fabricated via pyrophosphoric acid anodizing and fluorinated SAM modification." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 725 (November 2017): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.183.

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31

Sharma, Kamna, Sandeep K. Gupta, and Ramaswamy Murugavel. "Discrete and Polymeric Cobalt Pyrophosphates Derived from Pyrophosphoric Acid Diester Ar2 H2 P2 O7." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2020, no. 24 (2020): 2352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202000484.

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32

Khorfan, S. "Study of the stability of octyl pyrophosphoric acid (OPPA) solvent in the extraction of uranium from phosphoric acid." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 32, no. 5 (1993): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0255-2701(93)85010-d.

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33

Zhao, Hong Jie, Zhen Hu, and Zhan Guo Li. "Degradation of Sarin Simulant DFP by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.55.

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The Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma (DBD) plasma was used to treat Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP, a stimulant of sarin) in the air. The influence factors of degradation efficiency, including power, carrier gas flow velocity and initial concentration of DFP were investigated. As a result, the degradation efficiency increased with the power increasing. The degradation efficiency increased fastly when the power less than 105W, but slowly when the power more than 105W. The degradation efficiency decreased obviously with the carrier gas flow velocity increasing, because the time of DFP staye
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34

Hutchinson, David W., and Graeme Semple. "Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of salts of substituted methylene bisphosphonic acids and other analogues of pyrophosphoric acid." Organic Mass Spectrometry 20, no. 2 (1985): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210200213.

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35

Cui, Guofeng, Shaofang Liu, Jie Zhao, Edward F. Holby, Qing Li, and Gang Wu. "AuSn20 Eutectic Electrodeposition through Alternative Complexing of Pyrophosphoric Acid: Insights from Electrochemical and DFT Methods." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117, no. 41 (2013): 21228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp408721e.

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36

Loni, A., R. W. Keys, R. M. De La Rue, M. A. Foad, and J. M. Winfield. "Optical characterisation of Z-cut proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides fabricated using orthophosphoric and pyrophosphoric acid." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 136, no. 6 (1989): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1989.0046.

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37

Kan, Dennis, and Gar Lam Yip. "Planar LiTaO_3 waveguides fabricated by proton exchange in concentrated and diluted pyrophosphoric acid with annealing." Applied Optics 35, no. 27 (1996): 5348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.35.005348.

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38

Gao, Yuan, Qinyan Yue, and Baoyu Gao. "Insights into properties of activated carbons prepared from different raw precursors by pyrophosphoric acid activation." Journal of Environmental Sciences 41 (March 2016): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.016.

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39

SHINOHARA, Yasushi. "Application of the Microwave Acid Digestion Technique to the Pyrophosphoric Acid Method for Quantitative Analysis of Free Silica in Dust." INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 31, no. 3 (1993): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.31.91.

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40

Ogita, Kiyokazu, and Yukio Yoneda. "Modulation by pyrophosphoric acid of DNA binding activity of the transcription factor max in murine brain." Neuroscience Research Supplements 19 (January 1994): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(94)92507-0.

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41

Lin, Peng, Yao Xia, and Zhigao Liu. "Influence of Different Activators on the Structure and Properties of Activated Carbon Based on Bamboo Fiber." Polymers 14, no. 24 (2022): 5500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245500.

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In order to explore the influence of different activators on the structure and properties of the prepared activated carbon, bamboo fiber-based activated carbons (BFACs) were prepared by four activators of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, zinc chloride, and diammonium biphosphate (BFAC-H3PO4, BFAC-H4P2O7, BFAC-ZnCl2, and BFAC-(NH4)2HPO4) and BFACs adsorption performance and electrochemical properties were investigated. The main conclusions were: the specific surface area of the four BFACs varies greatly, among which BFAC-ZnCl2 was the highest, at 1908.5074 m2/g, and BFAC-(NH4)2HPO4 was the
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42

Kankawa, Yoshimitsu, Katsuyoshi Saitou, Yasunari Kaneko, and Hiromichi Iwasaki. "Injection molding of calcium pyrophosphoric acid and hydroxylapatite with calcium secondary phosphate utilizing solid phase reaction method." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 37, no. 2 (1990): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.37.194.

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43

Zhang, Huixin, Tingru Yang, Qian Dou, Dongxue Sun, and Dongdong Wang. "Several salts of pyrophosphoric heteropoly acid: characterization and ion-exchange behavior for calcium removal from manganiferous water." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 7 (2014): 2877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.985720.

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44

Wang, Jing, Yan Wang, Hai Liu, Jian Zhang, Chenglu Zhang, and Jinhe Wang. "Sorption of Ni(II) by Fe(II) and EDTA-modified activated carbon derived from pyrophosphoric acid activation." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 8 (2014): 3700–3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.989917.

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45

SHUKLA, DIPTI, and V. K. TYAGI. "ANIONIC GEMINI SURFACTANTS: SYNTHESIS AND SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 05 (2007): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010500.

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New compounds bearing two phosphate groups and two long chain (dodecyl) were prepared by two-step reaction: (i) phosphorylation of dodecanol with pyrophosphoric acid, (ii) reaction of dodecyl phosphate with N ( CH 3)4 OH and 1,6-dibromo hexane. The effect of reaction variables like time and molar ratio of reactants on yield has also been reported. The 1:2:0.5 molar ratio of reactants (dodecyl phosphate, N ( CH 3)4 OH , and Br ( CH 2)6 Br , respectively) and 3 h duration resulted to give maximum yield of anionic gemini surfactants. The structure of synthesized surfactant was investigated by mod
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46

Yamaguchi, Isao, Sayo Kinugawa, and Aohan Wang. "Synthesis and chemical properties of pyrophosphoric acid-doped polyaniline and copolymers of o-phenylenediamine with aniline and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene." Polymer Bulletin 76, no. 8 (2018): 4035–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2590-9.

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47

Lee, Jooyul, Soojin Lee, Seil Kim, BungUk Yoo, and RiGyeong Kim. "A Study on the Behavior of a Phosphorous Based Cyanide-Free Silver Electroplating Bath in Acidic Environment." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 23 (2025): 1435. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01231435mtgabs.

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In this study, a novel acidic silver-plating solution was developed using phosphorus-based compounds. Systematic research was conducted to optimize and investigate the effects of the complexing agents tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THPP), pyrophosphoric acid (PPA), and phosphoric acid (PA) electrolytes on silver reduction and solution stability. The stabilizing effect of THPP on Ag ions was analyzed using linear sweep voltammetry, confirming that the cathodic polarization of the Ag reduction potential occurred at [Ag+]:[THPP] ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:5. Notably, the 1:4 ratio exhibited the l
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48

Tian, Qianhong, Le Chai, Zixiang Zhou, and Chao Wang. "Construction of iridium oxide nanoparticle modified indium tin oxide electrodes with polycarboxylic acids and pyrophosphoric acid and their application to water oxidation reactions." Electrochimica Acta 389 (September 2021): 138683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138683.

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49

Kikuchi, Tatsuya, Mana Iwai, and Daiki Nakajima. "(Invited) Fabrication of Anodic Porous Alumina via Anodizing Aluminum in Novel Electrolyte Solutions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 16 (2024): 1657. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02161657mtgabs.

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Anodizing aluminum in several appropriate acidic electrolyte solutions, such as sulfuric, dicarboxylic, phosphoric, and chromic acids, causes the formation of anodic porous alumina. The porous alumina film possesses vertical nanoscale pores in its structure, and is typically used for corrosion protection and nanostructure fabrication. Particularly, since the self-ordering behavior of nanoscale pores in the porous alumina film under the appropriate anodizing conditions was reported by Masuda et al. in 1995, the ordered porous alumina film is widely used for the fabrication of various nanomateri
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50

Cheng, Chien-Chuan, Ying-Chung Chen, Sheng-Tz Wang, and Bo-Wen Tsai. "Characteristics of Surface Acoustic Waves on Proton-Exchanged and Annealed Proton-Exchanged Z-Cut $\bf LiNbO_{3}$ Using Pyrophosphoric Acid." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 34, Part 1, No. 3 (1995): 1627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.1627.

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