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Marzotto, Caotorta Tessa. "Polemone l'ateniese, scolarca dell'Academia antica. Testimonianze." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040083/document.
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Les témoignages concernant le quatrième scolarque de l'Académie, Polémon l'Athénien, ont été étudiés dans leurs spécificité réciproque, à fin de tracer une carte des emplois et des usages du nom du philosophe dans la littérature ancienne qui a survécu. Polémon, donc, est dans cet étude avant tout une figure textuelle, et non pas un philosophe pourvu d'une doctrine systématique complète. On le rencontre en fait dans la littérature biographique en tant qu'exemple de 'conversion' soudaine au genre de vie philosophique et incarnation des traits distinctifs du philosophe hellénistique. On découvre ainsi que Polémon est plus pyrrhonien de Pyrrhon et plus stoïcien du père du stoïcisme, Zénon. Par contre, en relation à la tradition platonicienne, Polémon est rattaché par les sources à la phase de l'histoire de l’école nommée 'Ancienne Académie'. Ayant réuni autour de soi un groupe de disciples compact, caractérisé par l'harmonie et la concorde, Polémon est ensuite devenu le symbole d'une réception diligente de la pensée platonicienne, exempte d’altération ou d'intervention innovatrice. Sa qualité de fidèle héritier doit d'ailleurs se comprendre surtout en relation aux développements postérieurs de l'instance académicienne, plus spécifiquement en relation au surgissement d'une approche 'sceptique' à la pensée de Platon, développé par Arcésilas. A posteriori donc les contestataires de la position 'sceptique' de l’Académie ont essayé de délégitimer la lecture de la pensée de Platon donnée par Arcésilas, tout en affirmant par conséquence le caractère 'originaire' et 'dogmatique' de la phase d'interprétation de l'Ancienne AcadémieThe testimonies on the forth head of the Academy, Polemo the Athenian, have been individually studied in order to provide a complete survey of the several usages of the philosopher's name in the ancient surviving literature. In this study, Polemo is, therefore, mainly a text figure, rather than a philosopher provided with a full systematic doctrine. We find his name, as a matter of fact, in the biographic literature, as an example of a sudden 'conversion' to the philosophical life and as an example of the embodiment of the distinctive features of the Hellenistic philosopher. We discover then that Polemo is even more pyrrhonian than Pyrrho and more stoic than the Stoicism's father, Zeno. Moreover, within the Platonic tradition, Polemo is linked by the sources to the phase of the history of the school labelled as 'Ancient Academy'. After assembling around him a compact group of disciples, characterized by the greatest harmony and agreement, Polemo has become the symbol of a diligent reception of the Platonic thought, free from any alteration or innovative intervention. His role of faithfull heir must be by all means considered in relation to the later developments of the Academic instance, more precisely in relation to the rising of a 'sceptic' approach to Plato's thought, encouraged by Arcesilaus. A posteriori then the critics of the 'sceptic' position have tried to delegitimize Arcesilaus' reading of Plato, stating by consequence the 'original' and 'dogmatic' character of the interpretative phase of the Ancient Academy
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Waugh, Shane G. "Betwixt a false reason and none at all Pyrrhonian lessons on common sense and natural commitments /." Connect to full text, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5445.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Title from title screen (viewed October 15, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Marchand, Stéphane. "Identité philosophique et évolution historique du pyrrhonisme ancien." Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIML001.
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Les philosophes pyrrhoniens de l'Antiquité n'ont pas fait, au sens strict du mot, école : philosophes sans maîtres et sans doctrines, Timon, Enésidème et Sextus Empiricus apparaissent bien plutôt comme des philosophes isolés qui ont, chacun à leur manière, cherché à s'approprier la sagesse du maître paradoxal que fut Pyrrhon, et dont les positions évoluèrent au gré des débats marquant la période hellénistique et impériale. Faut-il pour autant abandonner l'idée d'une « tradition pyrrhonienne » ? Cette étude se propose de reconstituer cette tradition autour de trois thèmes – l'ontologie, le langage, l'action – sur lesquelles chaque pyrrhonien joue des variations subtiles. Une telle reconstitution est impossible sans défaire les réseaux de transmissions des textes qui constituent le corpus du pyrrhonisme, ainsi que les termes qui servirent à désigner cette tradition. Il apparaît alors que le concept de « scepticisme » n'est ni le plus légitime historiquement, ni le plus adéquat philosophiquement. Ce premier pas permet de fonder l'idée d'une tradition pyrrhonienne à partir de laquelle sont étudiées les différentes étapes du pyrrhonisme, du premier disciple de Pyrrhon, Timon, au scepticisme pyrrhonien de Sextus Empiricus, en passant par la figure centrale de la renaissance du pyrrhonisme, Enésidème, dont les positions relativistes sont étudiées à partir du texte de Photius et de la « théorie » des dix tropes. Malgré les évolutions importantes dans l'histoire du pyrrhonisme ancien, il est possible d'y déceler une intention éthique unique, qui place notre bonheur dans une vie sans croyancePyrrhonian philosophers of Antiquity did not belong to a school : Timo, Aenesidemus, and Sextus Empiricus were philosophers without masters or doctrine, and looked rather like isolated philosophers, claiming to be a follower of the wise Pyrrho as a paradoxical master and to adapt Pyrrho’s way of thinking to the different dialectic situations they met. Yet, should we abandon the idea of a « pyrrhonian tradition » ? This thesis aims at restoring this tradition by defining some shared views on three particular themes – ontology, language, action – on which each philosopher varied with great subtlety. But such a reconstruction would be impossible without revisiting the words and the concepts which made a name for this tradition. It seems that « skepticism » is not the best designation neither from an historic nor a philosophic point of view. This analysis allows us to call on a « pyrrhonian tradition », whose different stages are studied, from Timo, Pyrrho's first follower, to the pyrrhonian skepticism of Sextus Empiricus, including a detailed analysis of the relativism of Aenesidemus, on the basis of Photius' summary and the ten tropes strategy. Despite the evolutions of the history of ancient pyrrhonism, it is still possible to discover an exceptional ethic claim, according to which happiness is to live without beliefs
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Collot, Antoni. "Pour une esthétique apophatique néopragmatique, ou pas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3060.
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« Apophatique » signifie « négatif » ou « par négation ». Le terme est principalement employé pour qualifier une forme particulière de théologie qui 1. ne peut rien dire de Dieu car énoncer une qualité serait lui ôter la qualité antinomique. Il est facile d'en comprendre la logique : dire que Dieu est grand c'est dire qu'il n'est pas petit ce qui est incompatible avec le fait de dire qu'il est tout. 2. consiste à énoncer ce que Dieu n'est pas : mauvais ou un chien, par exemples. Par exemple aussi, cette recherche n'est pas l'occasion d'une anthologie des meilleurs textes de théologie négative, mais la méthode – le scepticisme teinté de pensée logique et/ou mystique – n'est pas sans alimenter les développements à venir. Une des solutions qui s'offre à moi consiste à n'évoquer en rien l'art, l'esthétique, et tout autre domaine relatif aux dites sciences de l'art – un texte sur le nombre pi aurait fait l'affaire d'une esthétique apophatique. Cependant positivement fonder une pensée sur/avec la négation me rend heureux, par espièglerie, esprit de contradiction, par inquiétude fondamentale ; je ne m'en priverai donc pas au profit d'un tour de passe-passe, aussi réjouissante que soit l'idée de vous imaginer lire présentement une théorie du chou-fleur“Apophatic” means “negative” or “by negation”. The term is mainly used to designate a particular form of theology which 1. can't say anything of God because stating a quality would be taking the antinomic quality away from him. It is easy to understand the logic : to say that God is great is to say that he is not small, which is incompatible with the fact of saying that he is everything. 2. consists in stating what God is not : bad or a dog, for example. For example also, this research is not the occurrence of an anthology of the best texts of negative theology, but the method – the scepticism tinged with logical and/or mystic thought – is not without fueling the developments to come. One of the solutions that is given to me consists in not mentioning art in any way at all, the aesthetics, and any other field related to the so-called sciences of the arts – a text on the number Pi would have suited an apophatic aesthetics. However positively establishing a thought on negation makes me happy, by mischievousness, for the sake of argumentation, by fundamental concern; I will thus not deprive myself of it in favor of a quick/cheap trick, as delightful as the idea of imagining you currently reading a theory of the cauliflower might be
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Dye, Guillaume. "L' esprit du scepticisme : recherches sur Sextus Empiricus et la tradition pyrrhonienne." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010644.
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Le but de ce travail est de fournir une interprétation de la pensée de Sextus Empiricus capable de rendre compte de l' esprit de la méthode sceptique. Les principales raisons qui rendent le scepticisme antique difficilement accessible, à savoir la confusion avec le scepticisme moderne et la lecture de l' oeuvre de Sextus Empiricus comme une doxographie ou une somme du scepticisme, sont d'abord exposées. Diverses hypothèses sur l'histoire du pyrrhonisme, en particulier les dates d'Enésidème, la nature de ses relations avec l'Académie, les liens entre le scepticisme et la médecine empirique, sont ensuite examinées. Suit une étude de la chronologie et du genre littéraire des oeuvres de Sextus, qui conclut à la postériorité des Esquisses pyrrhoniennes par rapport à Contre les professeurs VII-XI. Les indices recueillis sur l'usus scribendi de Sextus permettent ensuite de repérer quelques lignes de force de sa pensée: l' accent est mis sur son caractère dialectique et thérapeutique, tout comme sur l'importance de l'anomalie et l'absence d'une origine épistémologique du scepticisme antique. L 'histoire qui a conduit les pyrrhoniens à se considérer comme des sceptiques est égale- ment étudiée, tout comme la signification que revêt, aux yeux de Sextus, l' opposition entre scepticisme et dogmatisme. Cette réflexion est approfondie par un commentaire sélectif du début des Esquisses, qui se concentre sur le statut du discours pyrrhonien, la portée de la skepsis et les relations qu'entretiennent les notions de phénomène, de dogme et de critère
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Léger, Jean-François. "Anaxarque d'Abdèrer." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010705.
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Étude des fragments et témoignages anciens concernant Anaxarque d'Abdère (380, 310 ?), sceptique, maitre de Pyrrhon, compagnon d'Alexandre Le GrandA study of ancient testimonies and fragments about Anaxarchus (380,310?), sceptic, Pyrrho's master, king Alexander's companion
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BRITO, RODRIGO PINTO DE. "THE SKEPTICAL DEFENSE AGAINST THE ARGUMENT THAT THE SKEPTICISM CAN NOT BE LIVED IN PRACTICE: FROM THE PYRRHO’S DUBIOUS LIFE TO THE SEXTUS EMPIRICUS’ PYRRHONIC THERAPY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17107@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEste trabalho é uma busca pelo significado original do ceticismo conforme pensado por Sexto Empírico. Começando por uma depuração do entendimento pejorativo do senso comum em torno das palavras cético e ceticismo, passamos a uma breve história do ceticismo desde os filósofos chamados proto-céticos , passando por Pirro e seus discípulos, pelo ceticismo Acadêmico, chegando até Sexto Empírico e seu ceticismo terapêutico. Assim, verificamos como, ao longo do tempo, diferentes ênfases foram sendo dadas às diferentes etapas da reflexão cética, algumas vindo a desaparecer, outras sendo reconhecidamente atribuídas ao arsenal argumentativo cético. Tendo argumentado que o ceticismo é uma maneira de se viver, passamos à reflexão sobre a viabilidade prática de se viver de modo genuinamente cético. Detectamos a origem do principal argumento contra a vida cética, o argumento da apraxía, que induz o cético a auto-refutar-se. A partir deste ponto nossa preocupação foi compreender os desdobramentos do argumento da apraxía até David Hume, e também os desdobramentos da defesa cética inicialmente elaborada por Arcesilao contra a filosofia da Stoa, até Sexto Empírico. Pensamos que Sexto em sua fundamentação de uma vida cética se adiantou às críticas de Hume, esta hipótese, uma vez verificada, nos permitiu repensar a acusação de que o cético se auto-refuta, bem como a suspensão do juízo.
The present work is a search for the original meaning of the skepticism as thought by Sextus Empiricus. Beginning with a depuration of the common sense’s pejorative understanding around the words skeptic and skepticism, we pass to a brief history of the skepticism since the philosophers called proto-skeptics, passing through Pyrrho and his disciples, through the Academic skepticism, arriving to Sextus Empiricus and his therapeutic skepticism. Thus, we verify how different emphasis were being given to different stages of the skeptical reflection, some of then coming to disappear, others being recognized as parts of skeptical argumentative armory. Once arguing that the skepticism is a way of living, we passed to a reflection about the practical viability of living in a genuine skeptical way. We detected the origin of the main argument against the possibility of the skeptical life, the argument of the apraxía, which induces the skeptic to a self-refutation. From this point our main concern was comprehend the developments of the argument of the apraxía until David Hume, and also the developments of the skeptical defense, initially developed by Arcesilaus, against the Stoa’s philosophy until Sextus Empiricus. We think that Sextus, in his foundation of a skeptical live, had stepped forward Hume, this hypothesis once verified allowed us to rethink the accusation that the skeptic refutes himself, as well as rethink the scope of the suspension of judgment.
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Wimberley, Laura H. "Pyrrhic peace : governance costs and the utility of war /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3266843.
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Kirchhelle, Claas. "Pyrrhic progress : antibiotics and western food production (1949-2013)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:08832606-eeb5-45a7-a0a4-33eb28f74d3e.
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This dissertation addresses the history of antibiotic use in British and US food production between 1950 and 2013. Introduced to agriculture in the 1950s, antibiotics underpinned the 20th-century revolution in Western food production. However, from the late 1950s onwards, controversies over antibiotic resistance, residues and animal welfare began to tarnish antibiotics' image. By mapping both the enthusiasm and the controversies surrounding antibiotic use, this dissertation shows how distinct civic epistemologies of risk influenced consumers', producers' and officials' attitudes towards antibiotics. These differing risk perceptions did not emerge by chance: in Britain, popular animal welfare concerns fused with new scenarios of antibiotic resistance and drove reform. Following 1969, Britain pioneered antibiotic resistance regulation by banning certain feed antibiotics. However, subsequent reforms were only partially implemented, and total antibiotic consumption failed to sink. Meanwhile, scandals and public pressure forced the American FDA to install the first comprehensive monitoring program for antibiotic residues. However, differing public priorities and industrial opposition meant that the FDA failed to convince Congress of resistance-inspired bans. The transatlantic regulatory gap has since widened: following the BSE crisis, the EU phased out growth-promoting antibiotic feeds in 2006. The US proclaimed only a voluntary and partial ban of antibiotic feeds in December 2013. In the face of contemporary warnings about failing antibiotics, the dissertation shows how one group of substances acquired different meanings for different communities. It also reveals that the dilemma of antibiotic regulation is hardly new. Despite knowing about antibiotic allergies and resistance since the 1940s, no country has managed to solve the dilemma of preserving antibiotics' economic benefits whilst containing their medical risks. Historically, effective antibiotic regulation emerged only when differing perceptions of antibiotics were broken down either by sustained regulatory reform or large crises.
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Ostermann, Dirk. "Neue Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe mit Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-Grundgerüst." Diss., lmu, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-2941.
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Gerlach, Daniela. "Neuartige höherkoordinierte Siliciumkomplexe mit Pyrrol-2-carbaldimin-Liganden." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-104526.
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Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Siliciumkomplexe mit dianionischen Pyrrol-2-carbaldimin-funktionalisierten N,N,O- und N,N,N,N-Chelatliganden synthetisiert und kristallografisch, NMR- und UV/Vis-spektroskopisch und mittels quantenchemischer Berechnungen charakterisiert. Die pentakoordinierten Si-Komplexe mit N,N,O-Ligandrückgraten wiesen in Abhängigkeit von den weiteren Si-gebundenen Substituenten unterschiedlich konfigurierte verzerrt trigonal-bipyramidale Si-Koordinationssphären auf. Die Ursache der Farbigkeit dieser Verbindungen konnte mittels quantenchemischer Berechnungen detailliert erklärt werden. – Die Si-Komplexe mit N,N,N,N-Ligandrückgraten liegen in Abhängigkeit von den weiteren Si-gebundenen Substituenten als 5-fach koordinierte kationische oder neutrale 6-fach koordinierte Si-Komplexe vor. Deren Farbigkeit wurde mittels UV/VIS-Spektroskopie untersucht. Von ausgewählten Komplexen wurden die Tensoren der 29Si-NMR-Verschiebung rechnerisch und CP/MAS-NMR-spektroskopisch bestimmt.
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Blouin, Philippe S. "La phénoménologie comme manière de vivre." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR009.
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Au cœur de la phénoménologie gît une thèse métaphysique selon laquelle le flux phénoménal du vécu (Erlebnisstrom) puise son sens et son être en lui-même, plutôt que d’une quelque réalité extérieure ou sous-jacente. En outre, cette thèse de l’autonomie existentielle du flux phénoménal, ou de l’équivalence de l’être et du paraître, ne s’atteste que moyennant une transformation complète de notre rapport au monde, où l’on s’efforce de se mettre à l’écoute des choses, et du mystère qui les enveloppe, plutôt que de les maîtriser. Pris ensemble, cette thèse métaphysique et cette attitude du laisser-être (Seinlassen) constituent les deux piliers de la phénoménologie comme manière de vivre dont la présente thèse se propose de tracer les grandes lignes. Pour ce faire, nous centrons nos recherches sur l’œuvre du fondateur de la phénoménologie, Edmund Husserl, que nous soumettons toutefois à une critique immanente; c’est Husserl qui à la fois dégage l’idée d’une phénoménologie comme manière de vivre et lui pose le plus sérieux obstacle. Cette tension au sein de la pensée husserlienne s’aperçoit à même les deux exigences qui la définissent : celle du « retour aux choses mêmes », d’une part, et celle de la description eidétique, de l’autre. À l’aide de différents interlocuteurs – qui nous permettent d’interroger Husserl rétrospectivement (Pyrrhon), contemporainement (James, Bergson) et prospectivement (Heidegger) –, nous montrons que ces deux exigences sont en fait incompatibles, et proposons afin de résoudre cette contradiction d’éliminer un de ses termes, soit l’exigence de description eidétique. Se fait alors jour la possibilité d’une phénoménologie qui assume pleinement sa vocation existentielle. Enfin, en parallèle à cette critique immanente de Husserl, et afin de l’étayer, nous développons une explication génétique de l’ἐποχή transcendantale, où celle-ci est caractérisée en tant que conversion de l’attitude naturelle à une forme de conscience postréflexive, c’est-à-dire mystiqueAt the heart of phenomenology lies a metaphysical claim according to which the phenomenal stream of lived experience (Erlebnisstrom) derives its meaning and its being from itself, rather than from some external or underlying reality. Moreover, this claim of the existential autonomy of the phenomenal stream, or of the equivalence of being and appearing, can only be verified through a complete transformation of our relationship to the world, where we seek to become mindful of things, and of the mystery in which they are steeped, rather than seeking to master them. Taken together, this metaphysical claim and this attitude of letting-be (Seinlassen) constitute the two pillars of phenomenology as a way of life, which the present thesis proposes to describe in broad outline. To do so, we focus our research on the work of the founder of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl, which we submit however to an internal critique; it is Husserl who both allows us to contemplate the idea of phenomenology as a way of life and at the same time poses the greatest obstacle to it. This tension within Husserlian thought can be seen in the two imperatives that define it: that of the “return to the things themselves”, on the one hand, and that of eidetic description, on the other. With the help of various interlocutors – who allow us to interrogate Husserl retrospectively (Pyrrho), contemporaneously (James, Bergson) and prospectively (Heidegger) – we show that these two imperatives are in fact incompatible, and propose in order to lift this contradiction to eliminate one of its terms, namely the imperative of eidetic description. Thus a path is cleared for a phenomenology that fully commits itself to its existential vocation. Finally, in parallel to this internal critique of Husserl, and to better support it, we develop a genetic explanation of the transcendental ἐποχή, where it is characterized as a conversion from the natural attitude to a post-reflective, that is mystical, form of consciousness
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Grotkopp, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Fluoreszente Indolyloxazole, Pyrrol-Bichromophore und Oligothiophene – Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften / Oliver Grotkopp." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024160955/34.
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Hooren, Marc van. "Oligomere Modellsysteme elektrisch leitfähiger Copolymere auf der Basis von Pyrrol und Thiophen." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=957650361.
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Hövel, Stefan. "Charakterisierung der Acidität der polaren Zinkoxidoberflächen mit den Sondenmolekülen Pyridin und Pyrrol." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960228497.
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Soto, Giovanny. "Électro-polymérisation de dérivés de pyrrol et thiophène pour l'élaboration de photopiles." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2100.
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Le présent travail comprend une étude de base sur l'électro-polymérisation des dérivés de pyrrol (Py) et thiophene (Th) pour l'élaboration de photopiles (PPs). Les monomères utilisé : 2,2':5',2''-terthiophène (TT), 2,5-di(-2-thienyl)-pyrrole (TP) et 2,5-di(-2-furil)-pyrrole (FP). Ils ont été choisis suite à une étude préalable menée sur les thiophène (Th) et pyrrole (Py). Le TT a été choisi pour sa structure puisque les trois anneaux de Th liées peuvent permettre le control du processus d'électro-synthèse. Le TP a été choisi pour la similitude de sa structure avec celle du TT. Il était donc plausible que TT et TP présentent des caractéristiques semblables. Le FP fut choisi pour évaluer l'influence de la présence des anneaux de furane. De plus, TP et FP ont permis d'évaluer la stratégie de copolymérisation. L'étude de base a consisté en la caractérisation électrochimique de TT, TP et FP; la détermination des variables expérimentales optimales pendant l'électro-polymérisation de TT et TP. La caractérisation structurelle et morphologique des électro-dépôts a été effectuée par microscopie électronique à balayage. Après avoir trouvé les conditions de travail optimales,les électrodépôts avec les meilleures morphologies les polymères TT, TP et FP ont été utilisés comme donneurs d'électrons dans des cellules photovoltaïques. Les caractéristiques J-V, ont permis de vérifier la présence d'un effet photovoltaïques. Les caractéristiques J-V, ont permis de vérifier la présence d'un effet photovoltaïque. Néanmoins, les PPs présentèrent des rendements très faibles, inférieurs à 0,1%This work is associated to a basic study of electro-polymerization of thiophene (Th) and pyrrole (Py) derivates to make photo-voltaic cells (FVCs). The monomers used in this study : 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene (TT), 2,5-di(-2-thienyl)-pyrrole (TP) et 2,5 -di(-2-furil)-pyrrole (FP) were selected taking into account previous studies performed in our work group. TT was chosen because of the structure with 3 Th bonded rings, which can control the electro-synthesis process. TP was chosen for their similar structure to TT expecting to achieve analogous characteristics. FP was selected to evaluate furan rings presence with regard to TP. Electro-synthesis of TP and FP is useful to evaluate the copolymerization strategy. The basic study included several characterizations among them we can find : electrochemical characterization of TT, TP and FP : obtain ideal experimental variables during TT and TP electro-polymerization ; electrochemical characterization of electro-deposits : and structural and morphology characterization of electro-deposits by SEM. After to make the several characterizations and obtain the ideal expermental variables, the deposits of polyTT and polyTP with better morphologies were selected to fabricate FVCs. These cells were tested and it was obtained the J-V characteristics. The J-V characteristics were useful to demonstrate the existence of photovoltaic effect in FVCs prepared with polyTT and polyTP. However, the yields involved are poor reaching just a 0,1 %
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Ehrlich, Nico [Verfasser]. "Zur Synthese und Koordinationschemie Pyrrol-abgeleiteter Pincer- und Phosphazen-Komplexe / Nico Ehrlich." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238422888/34.
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Tent, Jannis Aron [Verfasser]. "Synthese und Elektropolymerisation rigider Tricarbazol- und mehrfach-funktioneller Pyrrol-Derivate / Jannis Aron Tent." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223988740/34.
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Monahan, Lilian Campbell. "The synthesis and properties of simple pyrrol-3-ones and azepin-3-ones." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15420.
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Pfaff, Ulrike, Marcus Korb, and Heinrich Lang. "Crystal structure of 3-ferrocenyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole, [Fe(η5-C5H4cC4H3NPh)(η5-C5H5)]." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-203078.
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The molecular structure of the title compound, [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(C 15 H 12 N)], consists of a ferrocene moiety with an N-phenylpyrrole heterocycle bound to one cyclopentadienyl ring. The 1,3-disubstitution of the pyrrole results in an L- shaped arrangement of the molecule with plane intersections of 2.78 (17)° between the pyrrole and the N-bonded phenyl ring and of 8.17 (18)° between the pyrrole and the cyclopentadienyl ring. In the crystal, no remarkable intermolecular interactions are observed.
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Goosenberg, Scott R. "From pyrrhic victory to combating an unknown quantity : matériel's qualified utility during the Second Iraq War." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41351.
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Lost in the Second Iraq War’s rancorous run-up was the reality that matériel primacy and a preponderance of personnel are beneficial for employing force effectively only insofar as they can be viably exploited via an appropriate doctrine and apposite tactics. U.S.-led Coalition forces lacked the requisite capacity to adopt these methods, however, and thus employ force efficaciously subsequent to Operation Iraqi Freedom’s (O.I.F.’s) conclusion on April 9, 2003. Securing the postwar peace after the Second Iraq War's initial phase formally ended required the calibrated use of military might to shore up a host-nation’s government and win over the local population. Doing so became impossible in large part due to pre-invasion complacency and post-invasion confusion. Moreover, then-Army Chief of Staff Gen. Eric K. Shinseki had, contrary to popular belief, countenanced then-Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld’s invasion strategy for the Second Iraq War in its run-up. The two had, I argue, merely disagreed over how to secure the peace and with what size footprint, not over the invasion strategy, despite the former being what really required a great deal of modifications. Distracted by prewar saber rattling over the war’s merits or lack thereof, the fact that Messrs. Shinseki and Rumsfeld each possessed flawed postwar strategies in the absence of a population-centric counterinsurgency element became papered over. Bureaucratic feuding also gave way to a closed and faulty assumption driven war-planning process, which, followed as it was by maladroit and ad hoc efforts post-O.I.F., further constrained U.S. Coalition forces’ efforts. Thus, a tenfold troop increase of conventionally trained soldiers, as suggested by Gen. Shinseki for pacifying postwar Iraq, would not have beneficially altered the war’s outcome. Absent knowledge of opponents’ methods and an applicable counterinsurgency doctrine, ceteris paribus, a troop augmentation of conventional forces would not have enabled a superior outcome.
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Assmann, Michael. "Bromierte Pyrrol-Alkaloide aus karibischen Schwämmen der Gattung Agelas Isolierung, Strukturaufklärung und chemische Ökologie /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961731893.
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Peters, Matthias. "Ionenkomplexierende leitfähige Polymere auf der Basis von Pyrrol-Derivaten und deren Verwendung als Sensormaterialien." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=957644531.
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Main, Anne. "Le déluge de Deucalion et Pyrrha et la régénération de l'humanité par le jet de pierres." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA1018.
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Le mythe de Deucalion et Pyrrha, connu d'Hesiode, mais sans doute plus ancien, perdure pendant près de vingt siècles. L'établissement du corpus des sources permet d'appréhender la complexité et l'ampleur du mythe. Parmi les thèmes qui le constituent, deux sont essentiellement étudiés : le déluge et la recréation de l'humanité par le jet de pierres. Le cataclysme et l'épreuve du coffre ont aisément pu soutenir le symbolisme d'un retour à l'origine, période de latence ou de gestation, tandis que l'épisode des lithogènes exprime aussi sur le plan symbolique le captage des âmes encloses dans la terre et leur régénération dans le sein de la grande mère universelle. Ainsi, en dépit de l'apparente disparité de ces deux thèmes, l'analyse révèle en eux une complémentarité, sinon une redondance : ils sous-tendent une idéologie commune, liée à la mort passage, à la régénération de l'individu et de l'humanité.
25
Strickler, Ryan W. "A Dispute in Dispute: Forgery, Heresy, and Sainthood in Seventh-Century Byzantium." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/9.
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The Disputatio cum Pyrrho purports to be a transcript of the 645 debate that took place in North Africa. The text initially addresses Monotheletism, the theology of the Constantinopolitan church that held that the Christ had a single will, then Monoenergism, which held that Christ possessed a single operation and which had in the 620’s and 630’s been the official position of the Constantinopolitan church, but which by 645 had been rejected and replaced by Monotheletism. Pyrrhus, the exiled, former Patriarch of Constantinople, represents the Monothelete and Monoenergist positions and Maximus the Confessor opposes them. Throughout the dialogue, Maximus repeatedly and overwhelmingly demonstrates the correctness of his position, eventually forcing Pyrrhus to renounce his position and to travel to Rome to receive absolution from the Pope. Traditionally scholars have accepted the authenticity of this document, and few have critically examined the claims the text makes about itself. The present study brings this authenticity into question, and reexamines the authorship, date, and purpose of the document, employing textual critiques and comparing the document with historical events later in the seventh century.
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Oliver, Devin. "Military leadership in Plutarch's 'Parallel Lives'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31539.
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This dissertation is a study of Plutarch's portrayal of military leadership in his Parallel Lives. I investigate Plutarch's use of extended military narrative to provide examples of good generalship for his readers, his conception of the importance and dangers of a military education, his attitude toward the moral use of deception in warfare, and the importance of synkrisis to the reader's final assessment of a general's military ability. I conclude with a case study of the Pyrrhus-Marius, in which I examine how Plutarch uses military narrative throughout the pair to compare the generalship of the two men. I demonstrate that Plutarch's conception of generalship in the Parallel Lives is nuanced, consistent, and often significant to the interpretation of a pair. Plutarch constructs his military narratives in such a way as to identify specific acts of generalship through which the military leaders among his readership could evaluate and improve their own generalship. Plutarch's treatment of the morality of generalship is consistent with his views on education and character; while he accepts the necessity and appreciates the effectiveness of military deception, he also recognizes its limitations and holds up for criticism those generals who do not use it appropriately. I also examine the importance of the formal synkrisis at the end of each pair of Lives to the structural integrity of the Plutarchan book and the evaluation of military leadership in each pair. These concluding synkriseis demonstrate that Plutarch had a consistent set of criteria for evaluating the generalship of his subjects, and encourage the reader to make similar judgments on military ability themselves. This process of evaluation and comparison of military leadership is particularly important to my reading of the Pyrrhus-Marius, as comparing the military careers of its subjects allows for a more complete reading of the pair than is otherwise possible.
27
Klitschke, Jan. "Darstellung neuer Bichromophore auf Basis der 1,4-Dihydro-3,6-diarylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-1,4-dione." Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10850/.
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Greil, Christian Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dick. "Untersuchungen zur Photodissoziation von substituierten Nitrosobenzolen und Pyrrol-Ammoniak-Clustern / Christian Greil. Betreuer: Bernhard Dick." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1078774102/34.
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Ammon, Felix [Verfasser], and Norbert [Gutachter] Jux. "Neuartige Farbstoffe mit erweiterten pi-Systemen auf Basis von Pyrrol / Felix Ammon ; Gutachter: Norbert Jux." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148105123/34.
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Botha, Shanielle Veronique. "Synthesis and electrochemical modulation of the actuator properties of poly(phenazine-2,3-diimino (pyrrol-2-yl))." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5434_1266200597.
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Main, Anne. "Le Déluge de Deucalion et Pyrrha et la régénération de l'humanité par le jet de pierres." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607636q.
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Jacquot, Delphine. "Synthese des ABCD-Ringsystems und absolute Stereochemie des Pyrrol-Imidazol-Alkaloids Palau'amin aus dem Meeresschwamm Stylotella aurantium." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-16967.
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Troegel, Benjamin [Verfasser]. "Synthese modifizierter Pyrrol-Imidazol-Alkaloide: Fluorhymenidin, Aminothiazol-Sceptrin und Vorstufen weiterer Sceptrin-Analoga sowie Nagelamid-Bausteine / Benjamin Troegel." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045988901/34.
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Bingol, Bahar. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Thiophen-3-yl-acetic Acid 4-pyrrol-1-yl-phenyl Ester And Its Conducting Polymers." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1081389/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIOPHEN-3-YL ACETIC ACID 4-PYRROL-1-YL PHENYL ESTER AND ITS CONDUCTING POLYMERS
Bingöl, Bahar M.Sc., Department of Chemistry Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Levent Toppare November 2003, 54 pages Thiophen-3-yl acetic acid 4-pyrrol-1-yl phenyl ester (TAPE) monomer was synthesized by the reaction of thiophene acetic acid with thionyl chloride, and further reaction of thiophen-3-yl-acetyl chloride with 4-pyrrol-1-yl phenol. Electrochemical behavior of this monomer (TAPE) was determined by cyclic voltammetry. Homopolymers were achieved both by using electrochemical and chemical polymerization techniques. Copolymers of TAPE in the presence of bithiophene and pyrrole were synthesized by potentiostatic electrochemical polymerization in acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB) solvent-electrolyte couple. The chemical structures were confirmed both by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetry Analysis (TGA) were used to examine the thermal behavior of synthesized conducting homopolymers and copolymers. The morphologies of the films were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Two-probe technique was used to measure the conductivities of the samples. Moreover, investigations of electrochromic and spectroelectrochemical properties of poly(TAPE) and TAPE/BiTh copolymer were done. Keywords: Conducting copolymers, electrochromic properties
35
Gerlach, Daniela [Verfasser], Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagler, Edwin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kroke, Edwin [Gutachter] Kroke, and Gerhard [Gutachter] Roewer. "Neuartige höherkoordinierte Siliciumkomplexe mit Pyrrol-2-carbaldimin-Liganden / Daniela Gerlach ; Gutachter: Edwin Kroke, Gerhard Roewer ; Jörg Wagler, Edwin Kroke." Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://d-nb.info/1220911437/34.
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Rousset, Séverine. "Synthèse de composés polygéniques fonctionnels. Application à la synthèse de buténolides, de 5H-pyrrol-2-ones et d'alpha-pyrones." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4014.
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Les réactions d'hétérocyclisations intramoléculaires catalysées par les métaux constituent une approche efficace dans l'élaboration des hétérocycles fonctionnalisés qui présentent dans la plupart des cas des structures pyranones ou furanones. Ces hétérocycles, très souvent insaturés, sont des motifs très présents dans de nombreux produits naturels possédant des activités biologiques intéressantes. L'halolactonisation d'acides diénoïques conduit aux 5-iodo(ou bromo)methyl-5H-furan-2-ones. Ces produits de cyclisation subissent une réaction de déshydrohalogénation par le 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]-undéc-7-ène conduisant ainsi à des motifs ƴ-alkylidènes buténolides, le contrôle de la régio- et de la stéréosélectivité a suscité une attention toute particulière. La protection de la fonction acide carboxylique par le groupement tributylstannyle permet d'accéder, dans un premier temps, à des buténolides possédant une structure vinylétain exocyclique, puis de synthétiser de façon régiosélective soit des structures alkylidènes buténolides soit des pyran-2-ones par l'intermédiaire des tributylstannylacétylènes substitués. L'halolactonisation de diénamides de configuration 2Z, 4E conduit régiosélectivement aux ƴ-alkylidène-5H-pyrrol-2-ones. Le couplage des acides bêta-iodés-alpha,bêta-insaturés avec des allènes organostanniques a permis d'obtenir régiosélectivement des pyran-2-ones substituées en position 4, 5 et 6. La synthèse stéréo- et regiosélective de buténolides nous a également permis de synthètiser des homologues de molécules naturelles et notamment des dérivés retinoïdes.
37
Rüger, Fabian [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Keusgen. "Analytik und Synthese von Pyrrol-Schwefelverbindungen der Gattung Allium sowie deren Verwendung in der Biosensorik / Fabian Rüger ; Betreuer: Michael Keusgen." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233427946/34.
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Cherry, Khalil. "Synthèse de pyrrol-2-ones, pyridin-2-ones, isocoumarines, isoquinolin-1-ones et d'alpha-iodo gamma-alkylidènebuténolides : applications en synthèse organique." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4027.
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Les hétérocycles oxygénés et azotés sont présents dans de nombreux produits naturels et sont souvent synthétisés par des réactions de cyclisation intramoléculaire. L’halolactamisation des diénamides (énynamides) conduit aux 5-(iodo)alkylidène-5H-pyrrol-2-ones avec une totale régiosélectivité. La réactivité de l’iodure vinylique a été mise en évidence par différentes réactions de couplage. Le couplage des amides et des acides β-iodés-α,β-insaturés avec des allényltributylétains a permis d’obtenir des pyridin-2-ones, des isoquinolin-1-ones, et des isocoumarines polysubstituées avec une totale régiosélectivité. La réactivité des acides α,β-diiodés-α,β-insaturés avec les alcynes vrais en présence de sels de cuivre (I) a permis d’obtenir des α-iodo-γ-alkylidènes buténolides. La réactivité de l’iodure vinylique a été examinée par différentes réactions de couplage. Ces synthèses ont été orientées vers la préparation des produits naturels tels que le pulchellalactame et le bovolideThe oxygenated and nitrogenised heterocycles are present in several natural products and often synthesised by intramolecular cyclization reactions. The halolactamisation of dienamides (enynamides) leads to 5-(iodo)alkylidene-5H-pyrrol-2-ones with a total regioselectivity. The reactivity of vinyl iodide was tested under the conditions of cross-coupling. The coupling of the β-iodo-α,β-unsaturated amides and acides with allenyltributylstannanes provided good yields of substituted pyridin-2-ones, isoquinolin-1-ones and isocoumarins with a total regioselectivity. The reactivity of the α,β-diiodo-α,β-unsaturated acids with terminal alkynes in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper (I) salts provided regioselectively α-iodo-γ-alkylidenes butenolides. The reactivity of vinyl iodide was examined in cross-coupling reactions. These syntheses were directed towards the synthesis of natural products such as the pulchellalactam and the bovolide
39
Taskin, Asli Tuba. "Synthesis And Electrochromic Properties Of Conducting Polymers Of 5,8-di(pyrrol-2-yl)-2,3-di(thiophen-2-yl) Quinoxaline And Its Copolymers." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610600/index.pdf.
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A novel electroactive monomer 5,8-Di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2, 3-di(thiophen-2-yl) quinoxaline (PTQ) was successfully synthesized via Stille Coupling reaction between quinoxaline and pyrrole. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and Mass spectroscopy were used to characterize the monomer. The monomer was electrochemically polymerized in the presence of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as supporting electrolyte in dichloromethane. Monomer reveals relatively low oxidation potential at +0.70V. Spectroelectrochemical behaviors and switching ability of homopolymer were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Two π
-&
#960
* transitions were observed at 400 nm and 815 nm with a low band gap, 1.0 eV. Polymer possesses 66% optical contrast in the Near IR region, which may be promising in NIR electrochromic device applications. Spectroelectrochemical behaviors and switching ability of copolymers were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Copolymers of PTQ in the presence of BiEDOT and BEBT were synthesized via potentiodynamic method in DCM/TBAP (0.1 M) solvent-electrolyte couple. P(PTQ-co-BiEDOT) reveals oxidation potential at +0.45V, whereas P(PTQ-co-BEBT) reveals oxidation potential at +0.70V. The spectroelectrochemical behavior of the P(PTQ-co-BiEDOT) and P(PTQ-co-BEBT) in comparison to homopolymer revealed solid evidence of copolymerization based upon the differences in the spectral signatures. Switching time of the polymers was evaluated by kinetic studies upon measuring the percent transmittance (%T) at the maximum contrast point.
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Paoli, Clément. "La musique de guerre dans l'antiquité grecque et romaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100147.
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Cette thèse vise à établir différentes relations et différents liens musicaux, ainsi que des évolutions, dans le cadre de la guerre antique, en d'autres termes, il s'agit d'établir des parallèles entre la musique militaire et d'autres musiques guerrières. Pour ce faire, elle se concentre en priorité sur la musique militaire qui forme le fil conducteur de l'ouvrage. On étudie en particulier beaucoup la musique de trompette, en se posant les questions suivantes : la musique militaire a-t-elle pu être à l'occasion artistique ? A-t-elle pu servir à se détendre ? Quelles sont les constantes et les évolutions de la musique militaire et des instruments de musique militaire au cours de l'antiquité grecque et romaine ? A cette fin, toutes les sources anciennes qui traitent de la musique en général et de la musique militaire sont mentionnées. Les sources historiques et philosophiques sont prises aussi en considération, ainsi que les traités de musique (Aristide Quintilien, Philodème de Gadara). Les instruments sont passés en revue : trompette, aulos et tibia, lyre et orgue hydraulique. Un chapitre est consacré aux musiciens de l'armée et aux guerriers musiciens. Les hymnes delphiques d'Athénaios et de Liménios sont étudiés, ainsi que le fragment épique d'OsloThis thesis aims to define different relations and different musical links, and some evolutions as well, in the framework of the ancient war, in other words, it means to establish parallels between military music and other warlike musics. For that, this thesis focuses principally to military music which forms the principal line of the work. We particularly study a lot of trumpet's music, and we answer or define the following questions : had military music been for occasions artistic music? Or music for relaxation? What are the common points and evolutions of military music and military music instruments along greek and roman antiquity?To treat these subjects, all the ancient sources which are concerned by antic music generally and military music particularly are mentioned. Historic and philosophic sources are taken in consideration too, and musicologic books as well (Aristide Quintilien, Philodème of Gadara). Music instruments are studied : trumpet, aulos and tibia, lyre and hydraulic organ. A chapter is dedicated to the warfare musicians. The delphic hymns of Athenaios and Limenios are studied, and the epic fragment of Oslo as well
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Wolf, Walther. "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trimethinfarbstoffe aus Pyrrolen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135558.
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Garnier, Jean-Marc. "Réactions de cyclisations électrophiles 5-endo énantiosélectives et diastéréospécifiquesApplications à la synthèse de produits naturels." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112323.
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Ce mémoire est consacré aux réactions de cyclisations électrophiles énantiosélectives et diastéréospécifiques 5 endo d’acides carboxyliques bétagamma éthyléniques et d’hydroxamates pour fournir des halolactones et des halolactames. Dans une première partie, la synthèse et le screening de nouveaux complexes iodés d’amines chirales ont été examinés comme source d’halogène pour les réactions de cyclisations électrophiles 5-endo. Dans les meilleures conditions, des excès énantiomériques modérés (jusqu’à 45% de ee) ont été obtenus pour la iodolactonisation. La meilleure amine chirale testée est la ( )(1R,2S) N-méthyléphédrine avec les meilleurs excès énantiomériques obtenus lorsque seulement 0,4 équivalent d’iode est utilisé. La présence d’un complexe argentique chiral induit par la synthèse des complexes iodés chiraux s’est montrée indispensable à l’obtention de cette énantiosélectivité. Dans une seconde partie, la réaction de cyclisation électrophile diastéréospécifique d’acides carboxyliques béta,gamma éthyléniques optiquement purs a été examinée. Dans un premier temps, ces acides chiraux ont été synthétisés par la méthodologie mis au point par Evans, puis la cyclisation de ces acides a été réalisée avec obtention d’un seul diastéréoisomère. Cette méthodologie nous a permis d’obtenir des butyrolactones optiquement pures comportant un carbone tétrasubstitué en gamma ainsi qu’une lactone naturelle isolée d’une éponge marine. Dans une troisième partie, des butyrolactames ont été préparés par cyclisation 5-endo d’hydroxamates béta,gamma-éthyléniques. De plus une pyrrol-2-one a été isolée durant ces cyclisations et sa réactivité a été étudiéeThis work deals with the enantioselective and diastereospecific 5-endo halogeno electrophilic cyclization reactions of betagamma ethylenic carboxylic acids and hydroxamates to give halolactones and halolactames. In the first part, the synthesis and screening of new chiral amine halogeno complexes were examined as halogen source for halogeno electrophilic cyclization reactions. Using these new complexes, moderate enantiomeric excesses were obtained in our best conditions (until 45% ee) for the iodo lactonizations. ( )(1R,2S) N-methylephedrine was found to be the best chiral amine tested, while the best enantiomeric excess was observed using 0. 4 equivalent of iodine. A presence of a chiral silver induce by the synthesis of the chiral halogeno complex was found to be crucial to obtain enantioselectivities. The mechanism of these enantioselective halogeno cyclizations was studied for the 5-endo cyclisations. In the second part, diastereospecific halo cyclizations of chiral beta,gamma ethylenic carboxylic acids were investigated. In a first step, chiral alphaalkyl betagamma-ethylenic carboxylic acids were prepared using Evans’ methodology. Then halo cyclizations of these different acids were carried out and only one diastereoisomer was isolated. This method allows us an easy preparation of enantiopur butyrolactones possessing a chiral quaternary carbon in gamma position. Furthemore, an application to a natural lactone synthesis, isolated from a sponge, was achieved. In the third part, butyrolactames were prepared using 5-endo halo cyclisation of beta,gamma-ethylenic hydroxamate. 5 phenyl 2H pyrrol-2-one was isolated from these cyclisations and its reactivity was examined
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Yildiz, Ersin. "Synthesis And Electrochromic Properties Of Conducting Polymers Of 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1h-pyrrol-1-yl) Benzenamine And Their Use In Electrochromic Devices." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610291/index.pdf.
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A monomer, 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) benzenamine (SNS-NH2), was synthesized via the reaction of 1,4-di(2-thienyl)-1,4-butanedione with benzene-1,4-diamine. Chemical polymerization of the monomer yielded a polymer which was completely soluble in organic solvents. The chemical structures of both the monomer and the polymer were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The average molecular weight of the chemically synthesized polymer was determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) as Mn = 2.2x103 g/mol. The electrochemical oxidative polymerization of SNS-NH2 was carried out via potentiodynamic electrolysis in the presence of LiClO4, NaClO4 (1:1) supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile. Electrochemical copolymerization of SNS-NH2 in the presence of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was achieved in acetonitrile (ACN) / NaClO4/LiClO4 (0.1M) solvent-electrolyte couple via potentiodynamic electrolysis. Conductivities of samples were measured by four probe technique.
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Ultraviolet&ndashVisible Spectroscopy were used to investigate electrochemical behavior of the monomer and redox reactions of conducting polymers. Surface morphologies of the polymer films were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Second part of the study was devoted to investigate the one of most interesting property of conducting polymers, the ability to switch reversibly between the two states of different optical properties, &lsquo
electrochromism&rsquo
. The electrochromic properties of the conducting polymers were investigated via spectroelectrochemistry, kinetic and colorimetry studies. Spectroelectrochemistry analysis of homopolymer, P(SNS-NH2), reflected electronic transitions at 376 and 650 nm indicating &
#960
-&
#960
* transition and polaron band formation respectively. The polymer has an electronic bandgap of 2.12 eV with a yellow color in the fully reduced form and a blue color in the fully oxidized form. Switching ability of the homopolymer was evaluated by kinetic studies upon measuring the % transmittance as 20.7 % at the maximum contrast point. The spectroelectrochemical behavior of the P(SNS-NH2-co-EDOT) compare to that of the homopolymer revealed solid evidence of copolymerization based upon the differences in the spectral signatures. Copolymer revealed multichromic property with five different colors at different applied potentials. Colorimetry studies for P(SNS-NH2-co-EDOT) proved that it is possible to provide fine tuning of these colors by varying applied potential during synthesis. The results of colorimetry, spectroelectrochemistry and FTIR studies showed the possible control of the color of the electrochromic material in a predictable, controlled and reproducible manner. As the last part of the study, dual-type complementary colored electrochromic devices (ECD) using P(SNS-NH2) and P(SNS-NH2-co-EDOT)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in sandwich configuration were constructed and evaluated. Spectroelectrochemistry, electrochromic switching and open circuit stability of the devices were investigated by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Cyclic Voltammetry. They have shown to possess good switching times, reasonable contrasts and high stabilities.
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Wolsch, Thomas [Verfasser], J. R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Andreesen, R. G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Sawers, and S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Fetzner. "Die Pyrrol-2-carboxylat-Monooxygenase von Arthrobacter spec. Py1, eine Flavin-abhängige Vier-Komponenten-Monooxygenase / Thomas Wolsch. Betreuer: J. R. Andreesen ; R. G. Sawers ; S. Fetzner." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1024859363/34.
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Bounas-Pyrros, Nikolaos [Verfasser], Claudia I. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Traidl-Hoffmann, and Dirk [Gutachter] Busch. "Etablierung und Validierung einer neuen durchflusszytometrischen Methode zum Nachweis von Borrelienantikörpern / Nikolaos Bounas-Pyrros ; Gutachter: Claudia I. Traidl-Hoffmann, Dirk Busch ; Betreuer: Claudia I. Traidl-Hoffmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132248655/34.
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Pancote, Camila Garcel. "Planejamento, síntese e avaliação biológica de derivados pirrólicos com potencial atividade antiinflamatória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-11082009-121717/.
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Os antiinflamatórios não-esteróides (AINEs) estão entre os fármacos mais prescritos e utilizados do mundo. Estes fármacos inibem as ciclooxigenases, enzimas responsáveis pela transformação do ácido araquidônico em prostaglandinas flogísticas, pela ação da fosfolipase A2. A síntese de compostos antiinflamatórios contendo núcleo pirrólico em suas estruturas vem sendo um tópico muito atrativo e bastante estudado, que somado ao conhecimento do sítio de interação do fármaco ao receptor possibilita o planejamento de estruturas de novas substâncias candidatas a protótipos de novos fármacos, por meio da modificação molecular. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o planejamento, síntese e avaliação biológica de derivados pirrólicos com potencial atividade antiinflamatória, com base nas estruturas da indometacina, protótipo da classe dos derivados de ácido arilalcanóico e dos diarilheterociclos (COXIBES). Sendo assim, foram obtidos cinco compostos em rendimentos satisfatórios, a partir de acetoacetato de etila, via metodologia de Hantzsch e ciclofuncionalização, utilizando ultrassom, que resultou na redução do tempo de reação e do consumo de solvente, seguindo os princípios da Química Verde. Os compostos 5a e 5b mostraram-se promissores, a partir de ensaios \"in vitro\".The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most prescribed and used drugs in the world. These drugs inhibit the cyclooxygenases, enzymes responsible for conversion of arachidonic acid into phlogistic prostaglandins, by the action of phospholipase A2. The synthesis of compounds containing pyrrole nucleus in their structures has been a topic very attractive and well studied, that knowledge added to the site of interaction of the drug to the receptor enables the planning of new structures of substances candidates for prototypes of new drugs through of molecular modification. In this context, this work aimed at the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrrole derivatives with potential antiinflammatory activity, based on the structures of indomethacin, the prototype of arylalkanoic acid class and diarylheterocycles (coxibs). Thus, five compounds were obtained in good yields from ethyl acetoacetate, route of Hantzsch and cyclofunctionalization methods, using ultrasound, which resulted in the reduction of the reaction time and consumption of solvent, following the principles of Green Chemistry. The 5a and 5b compounds were shown to be promising, from tests in vitro.
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Pizzuti, Lucas. "Síntese de 1h-pirazóis usando irradiação de ultra-som e de 2-pirrolonas derivadas do ácido levulínico." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4178.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThis work describes the synthesis of 4,5-dihydropirazoles through a sonochemical methodology, from the reaction of cyclocondensation of 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones with aminoguanidine hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide. These reactions were carried out in ethanol in periods of reduced time concerning to the methods described in the literature. Then, it presents the use of methyl 7,7,7-trichloro-4-methoxy-6-oxo-4-heptenoate for the preparation of a series of ten 1-alkyl(aryl)-5-(3,3,3-trichloro-2-oxopropylidene)pyrrolidin-2-ones, like at a Paal-Knorr synthesis. This transformation can occur with or without isolation of intermediates methyl 4-alkyl(aryl)amino-7,7,7-trichloro-6-oxo-4-heptenoates without significant change in the yields. Subsequently, it was studied the synthetic potential of the previously synthesized pyrrolidin-2-ones front to bromination for getting eight new 1-alkyl(aryl)- 4-bromo-5-(3,3,3-trihalo-2-oxopropylidene)pyrrolidin-2-ones. Bromination occurred in a regiospecific way at 4-position with good yields. Finally, 1-alkyl(aryl)-5-(3,3,3- trihalo-2-oxopropylidene)-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-ones were obtained from the elimination of the HBr, in alkaline medium, of the brominated pyrrolidin-2-ones.
Este trabalho descreve a síntese de 4,5-diidropirazóis via metodologia sonoquímica a partir da reação de ciclocondensação de 1,3-diaril-2-propen-1-onas com cloridrato de aminoguanidina e tiosemicarbazida. Estas reações foram realizadas em etanol em períodos de tempo reduzidos em relação aos métodos descritos na literatura. Em seguida, apresenta a utilização do 7,7,7-tricloro-4-metoxi-6-oxo-4-heptenoato de metila na síntese de uma série de dez 1-alquil(aril)-5-(3,3,3-trialo-2-oxopropilideno)pirrolidin-2-onas, semelhante a síntese de Paal-Knorr. Esta transformação pode ocorrer com ou sem o isolamento dos intermediários 7,7,7- tricloro-4-amino-6-oxo-4-heptenoatos de metila sem mudança significativa nos rendimentos. Posteriormente, foi verificado o potencial sintético das pirrolindin-2-onas triclorometilsubstituídas e trifluormetilsubstituídas previamente sintetizadas frente a reações de bromação, para a obtenção de oito 1-alquil(aril)-4-bromo-5-(3,3,3-trialo-2-oxopropilideno)pirrolidin-2-onas. Esta reação ocorreu de maneira regioespecífica e com bons rendimentos. Finalmente, foram preparadas oito 1-alquil(aril)-5-(3,3,3-trialo-2-oxopropilideno)-1H-pirrol-2(5H)-onas a partir da eliminação de HBr das pirrolidin-2-onas bromadas.
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Meyer, Wolfdietrich. "Synthese von dendritischen Redoxverbindungen und deren Einsatz in der Bioanalytik." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976856778.
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Langle, Sandrine. "Synthèse et réactivité de systèmes insaturés dihalogénés : applications en synthèse organique." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4028.
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L'étude de la réactivité régio- et stéréosélective du bromure de bromobenzyle nous a permis de synthétiser des motifs styréniques métallés par un bras espaceur de 1 à 3 atomes de carbone ainsi que des motifs bis-aryles en présence de sels de palladuim (catalyse de type Stille ou Suzuki). La synthèse régio- et stéréosélective d'acides et dérivés insaturés β,γ- ou α,β- dihalogénés équivalents à des systèmes tris-électrophiles nous a conduit à étudier la réactivité de ces synthons. L'étude de la réactivité par catalyse palladiées d'acides insaturés β,γ-dihalogénés à conduit à la formation d'acide pyrrol-3-yl acétiques substitués, en une seule étape, selon une quadruple séquence. Ces acides ont permis de former des motifs 5H-furan-2-ones substitués en position 4, par cyclisation intramoléculaire puis couplages palladiés. Une série de différentes catalyses palladiées régio- et stéréosélective sur des acides insaturés α,β-dihalogénés, a permis d'obtenir des oléfines tri-substituées, notamment des précurseurs de dérivés du Naproxène ayant potentiellement des applications pharmaceutiques intéressantes et des motifs 3-alkylidène-4-halogéno-3H-furan-2-onesThe study of the regio- and stereo selective reactivity of the bromobenzyl bromide allowed us to synthesize styrenic compounds metaled with a space arm of 1 or 3 atoms of carbon and bi-arly compounds palladuim salts(Stille or Suzuki cross coupling). The selective synthesis of insaturated acids and esters β,γ ou α,β-dihalogenated equivalents with tris-electrophils systems led us to study the reactivity of these compounds. The study of the reactivity of insaturated acids β,γ-dihalogenated with palladuim cross coupling led to the formation of substituted pyrrol-3-yl acetics acids in one stage according to a triple sequence. These acids also made it possible to form 4-substituted pyrrol-3-yl acetics acids in one stage according to a triple sequence. These acids also made it possible to form 4-substituted-5H-furan-2-ones by intramolecular cyclisation and then cross coupling. A series of different selectivity palladuim cross coupling on insaturated acids α,β-dihalogenated allowed to obtain trisubstituted olefins, in particular precursors of derived from Naproxen having potentially interesting pharmaceuticals applications and 3-alkylidene-4-halogeno-3H-furan-2-ones
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Ward, Meryck. "Development of Schiff base electrochemical sensors for the evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous medium." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5508.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDA novel monomer (N,N'-Bis-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)-benzene-1,2-diamine-BPPD) was derived from the condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and a pyrrole derivative. The monomer was polymerized electrochemically to produce the new polymer material - polymerized(N,N'-Bis-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)-benzene-1,2-diamine) PBPPD. This novel polymer material was deposited at the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode, as a thin film, in the development of chemical sensors for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The monomer material was characterized in terms of its optical (spectroscopy) and thermal properties. The polymer material was characterized in terms of its surface morphology and its redox electrochemistry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the azomethine bond formation during the condensation reaction of an aldehyde and primary amine derivative.
2020-08-31