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Journal articles on the topic 'Pyrrolidone-2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Kim, Sun Hyung, Myoung Do Seo, Moon Seon Tak, Woo Sik Kim, Dae Ryuk Yang, and Jeong Won Kang. "Studies of Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria for Mixtures of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone+2-pyrrolidone and Growth Rate of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Crystal Using Melt Crystallization." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 51, no. 5 (2013): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2013.51.5.587.

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2

Wang, Yazhou, Alexey L. Nuzhdin, Ivan V. Shamanaev, et al. "Effect of Phosphorus Precursor, Reduction Temperature, and Support on the Catalytic Properties of Nickel Phosphide Catalysts in Continuous-Flow Reductive Amination of Ethyl Levulinate." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031106.

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Levulinic acid and its esters (e.g., ethyl levulinate, EL) are platform chemicals derived from biomass feedstocks that can be converted to a variety of valuable compounds. Reductive amination of levulinates with primary amines and H2 over heterogeneous catalysts is an attractive method for the synthesis of N-alkyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones, which are an environmentally friendly alternative to the common solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). In the present work, the catalytic properties of the different nickel phosphide catalysts supported on SiO2 and Al2O3 were studied in a reductive amination o

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3

Li, Hui, Zejun Jiang, Xiaolin Cao, et al. "SPE/GC–MS Determination of 2-Pyrrolidone, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidone in Liquid Pesticide Formulations." Chromatographia 81, no. 2 (2017): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-017-3435-7.

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4

Belyakova, L. A., and A. M. Varvarin. "Interaction of Hydride Silica Surfaces with N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone." Adsorption Science & Technology 18, no. 1 (2000): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263617001493288.

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The solid-phase thermal and catalytic hydrosilylation of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone on the surface of hydride silicas has been studied. It was established that thermal polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone occurs as a side reaction during the thermal hydrosilylation of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. It has also been found that the interaction of silicon hydride groups with water and propan-2-ol, as well as the formation of metallic platinum occur as side reactions during the catalytic hydrosilylation of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone on the surface of hydride silicas. Thermal hydrosilylation of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolid

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5

Deml, Reinhold. "Pyrrolidonyl and Pyridyl Alkaloids in Lymantria dispar." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 11-12 (2003): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-11-1221.

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Abstract The occurrence and metabolism of nicotine and related N-containing compounds in body fluids of the gipsy moth were addressed. Thin layer chromatographic studies clearly showed the simultaneous presence of GABA and 2-pyrrolidone but not of GABamide in the larval haemolymph and osmeterial secretion of Lymantria dispar as well as in the corresponding body fluids of the saturniids, Saturnia pavonia and Attacus atlas. Furthermore, feeding and injection experiments using alkylated precursors and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry gave evidence of the transformation of 2-pyrrolido

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6

Özkaya, Tevhide, Abdulhadi Baykal, and Muhammet Toprak. "2-pyrrolidone - capped Mn3O4 nanocrystals." Open Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2008): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0041-4.

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AbstractWater-soluble Mn3O4 nanocrystals have been prepared through thermal decomposition in a high temperature boiling solvent, 2-pyrrolidone. The final product was characterized with XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR and Zeta Potential measurements. Average crystallite size was calculated as ∼15 nm using XRD peak broadening. TEM analysis revealed spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 14±0.4 nm. FTIR analysis indicated that 2-pyrrolidone coordinates with the Mn3O4 nanocrystals only via O from the carbonyl group, thus confining their growth and protecting their surfaces from interaction with n

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7

Johnston, Andrea, Alastair J. Florence, and Alan R. Kennedy. "HydrochlorothiazideN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone disolvate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 11 (2006): o5169—o5171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806042838.

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8

Herler, Sebastian, Peter Mayer, Axel Schulz, and Alexander Villinger. "N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone hydrochloride." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 10 (2007): o3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807042997.

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9

Gatica, Nicolás, Fernando R. Díaz, Ligia Gargallo, and Deodato Radić. "Vinyltrimethylsilane- co-N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyltrimethoxysilane- co-N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymers." Polymer Bulletin 40, no. 6 (1998): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050312.

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10

Zielkiewicz, Jan. "Excess Gibbs energies and excess molar volumes for binary mixtures: (2-pyrrolidone+water), (2-pyrrolidone+methanol), and (2-pyrrolidone+ethanol) at the temperature 313.15K." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 34, no. 10 (2002): 1693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9614(02)00231-8.

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11

Hirano, Tomohiro, Yuya Miyamoto, Shinya Amano, et al. "Hydrogen-bond-assisted isotactic-specific radical polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with tartrate additives in toluene at low temperatures: high-resolution 1H NMR analysis." RSC Adv. 4, no. 95 (2014): 53079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08743g.

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12

Kumakura, Minoru, and Isao Kaetsu. "Radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 6 (1988): 1242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19881242.

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Radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system at low temperature was studied. The polymerization rate-irradiation temperature curve had a maximum peak at near glass transition temperaure, and it was shifted to the site of high temperature with increasing monomer concentration. The polymerization rate in vinyl pyrrolidone at low temperatures was accelerated by the addition of water. The polymers obtained by radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system at low temperatures were a high hydrophilicity and had porous

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13

Al-Issa, Mahmoud A., Thomas P. Davis, Malcolm B. Huglin, and Daniel C. F. Yip. "Copolymerizations involving N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone." Polymer 26, no. 12 (1985): 1869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(85)90017-5.

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14

Abbasov, Vagif М., Leylufer I. Aliyeva, Parvana A. Movsumova, et al. "Extractive Dearomatization of Naphthalane Oil Fraction with Ionic Liquid and -N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, no. 6 (2015): 3622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i6.849.

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In the article are given an analysis of the results of researches carried out for the purpose of selective treatment of the Naphthalane oil fraction boiling at 260-3400C with ionic liquid (IL) -morfolinphormiate synthesized on the basis formic acid + morpholine and - N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon (N-MP) and as an extractant. The aim is to remove poisonous components - sulfur compounds and toxic carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in order to improve therapeutic properties of Naphthalane oil cut. For this purpose we have used extraction method. On the basis of the conducted researches the ro

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15

Kuskov, Andrey N., Anna L. Luss, Inessa A. Gritskova, et al. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Synthesis of Carboxyl-Containing N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone Telehelics for Pharmacological Use." Polymers 13, no. 15 (2021): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152569.

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It was found that sulfanylethanoic and 3-sulfanylpropanoic acids are effective regulators of molecular weight with chain transfer constants of 0.441 and 0.317, respectively, and show an unexpected acceleration effect on the radical polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, initiated by 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile. It was determined for the first time that the thiolate anions of mercapto acids form a high-temperature redox initiating system with 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile during the radical polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in 1,4-dioxane. Considering the peculiarities of initiation, a ki

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16

Bhat, R., H. Patel, P. C. Tsai та ін. "Effect of residue structure on the thermal and thermoresponsive properties of γ-substituted poly(N-acryloyl-2-pyrrolidones)". Polymer Chemistry 6, № 33 (2015): 5993–6000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00649j.

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We discuss the results of an investigation into the structure/property correlations of γ-substituted poly(N-acryloyl-2-pyrrolidone)s, a recently reported class of pyrrolidone-based polymers prepared from pyroglutamic acid, a bio-derived resource.

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17

Gatica, Nicolás, Ligia Gargallo, and Deodato Radić. "2-Vinylpyridine-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 4-vinylpyridine-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymers: synthesis and reactivity ratios." Polymer International 45, no. 3 (1998): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199803)45:3<285::aid-pi933>3.0.co;2-e.

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18

Bae, Won, Soyoung Kwon, Hun-Soo Byun, and Hwayong Kim. "Phase behavior of the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) + N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone + carbon dioxide system." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 30, no. 2 (2004): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2003.08.003.

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19

Pagar, N. S., and R. M. Deshpande. "Solubility of Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and 1-Decene in Water, Toluene and Water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Biphasic Solvent Mixtures." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 5 (2024): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31434.

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The solubility of carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been determined experimentally as a function of their pressure in toluene, water and water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (70:30 v/v) mixtures in the 383-403 K temperature range. The value of Henry’s constant for hydrogen and carbon monoxide was determined in all three solvent systems. Pressure had a linear influence on all systems, as predicted by Henry’s law. Through experimentation, the solubility of 1-decene in the organic and aqueous phase was established. The experimental data for the liquid-liquid equilibrium of 1-decene in a toluene and water-

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20

Goddard, R., O. Heinemann, C. Krüger, I. Magdó, F. Mark, and K. Schaffner. "A Low-Temperature Phase of 2-Pyrrolidone." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 54, no. 4 (1998): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010827019701651x.

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21

Ortuño, Manuel, Marina Riquelme, Sergi Gallego, Andrés Márquez, Inmaculada Pascual, and Augusto Beléndez. "Overmodulation Control in the Optimization of a H-PDLC Device with Ethyl Eosin as Dye." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/357963.

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The response of a H-PDLC device is improved by means of a two-step method. First, component optimization—initiator system, crosslinker, and cosolvent—enables the diffraction efficiency of the hologram to be maximized. Second, the use of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in combination with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone prevents the overmodulation in photopolymers containing ethyl eosin.

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22

Shimasaki, Yuuji, Hitoshi Yano, Kimio Ariyoshi, and Hideyuki Kambe. "Vapor phase intramolecular dehydration of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone to N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone over alkali metal oxide/SiO2 catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 239, no. 1-2 (2005): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.05.037.

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23

Zhuchkov, V. I., V. M. Raeva, and A. A. Ul’yanova. "An Investigation of the Properties of Binary and Ternary Mixtures Containing Morpholine." Журнал физической химии 97, no. 6 (2023): 812–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044453723060341.

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The densities of binary and ternary mixtures of morpholine with dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are experimentally studied at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure, density deviations and excess molar volumes of mixtures are calculated from experimental data, concentration dependences for binary systems are described by the Redlich–Kister polynomial, and density isoline diagrams of the morpholine–dimethyl sulfoxide–N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone system are plotted.

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24

Janout, Václav, Hana Hrudková, Bohumír Valter, and Pavel Čefelín. "Solid phase cosolvents: Polymer analogs of N,N-dialkylamides based on polystyrene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 7 (1989): 1830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19891830.

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Polymers of styrene of various type can be readily amidomethylated by a reaction with N-(hydroxymethyl)amides. Analogs of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-6-hexanelactam, N-methyl-8-octanelactam, and N,N-dimethylacetamide were prepared by the polymeranalogous amidomethylation. The reaction between poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) and N-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidone proceeds by an acceleration mechanism. The extent of the reaction depends on the structure of the polymer and N-(hydroxymethylamide), on the concentration of the catalyst (trifluoroacetic acid) and on the way in which the polymer swe

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25

Akhter, S. A., and B. W. Barry. "ENHANCED FLURBIPROFEN PERMEATION THROUGH HUMAN SKIN: USE OF N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE (NP), 2-PYRROLIDONE (2P) AND DIMETHYLISOSORBIDE (DS)." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 37, S12 (1985): 83P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb14155.x.

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26

Can, Hatice Kaplan, Serap Kavlak, Betül Kırcı та Ali Güner. "Swelling behavior of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/K2S2O8hydrogels in α-lactose solutions". Advances in Polymer Technology 22, № 3 (2003): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.10054.

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27

Kaplan, Hatice, and Ali G�ner. "Swelling behavior of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/K2S2O8 hydrogels in urea solutions." Advances in Polymer Technology 19, no. 3 (2000): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2329(200023)19:3<210::aid-adv6>3.0.co;2-c.

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28

Gurina, Darya, Oleg Surov, Marina Voronova, Anatoly Zakharov, and Mikhail Kiselev. "Water Effects on Molecular Adsorption of Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) on Cellulose Nanocrystals Surfaces: Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Materials 12, no. 13 (2019): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132155.

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Models of interaction between a poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) macromolecule and a fragment of Iβ-cellulose were built in a vacuum and water environment. The models were made to interpret the mechanism of interaction of the polymer and cellulose nanocrystals by the classical molecular dynamics method. The structural behavior of a poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) macromolecule in water has been studied in terms of the radius of gyration, atom–atom radial distribution functions and number of hydrogen bonds. It was found that the polymer has a high affinity with the solvent and each monomer unit has on a

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29

Viterbo, Davide, Marco Milanesio, Ramón Pomés Hernández, et al. "2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-deoxythymidineN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvate (D4T·NMPO)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 56, no. 5 (2000): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270100001451.

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30

Sibgatulin, Dmitriy A., Alexander N. Kostyuk, Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk, Eduard B. Rusanov, and Alexander N. Chernega. "Convenient synthesis of trifluoromethylated 2-pyrrolidone and 2-pyrrolone derivatives." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 131, no. 2 (2010): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2009.09.013.

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31

Bánhegyi, Györgi, János Ángyán, and Márton Kajtár. "Structure and ring inversion of 2-pyrrolidone. Semiempirical quantum chemical study and analysis of X-ray data." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 2 (1986): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860249.

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The equilibrium structure and the ring inversion potential of the 2-pyrrolidone molecule has been studied by the semiempirical CNDO/2 and INDO methods. The calculated geometrical parameters are compared with experimental X-ray data with earlier Consistent Force Field (CFF) results. The ring inversion is analyzed in terms of two types of puckering coordinates. The CNDO/2 method was found to yield a strongly nonplanar 2-pyrrolidone ring due to the overestimation of the amide pyramidality while INDO calculations led to a slightly nonplanar ring with an extremely low barrier of inversion.

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32

Mahadlek, Jongjan, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Metrodidazole In Situ Forming Eudragit RS Gel Comprising Different Solvents." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.13.

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In situforming gel with solvent exchange mechanism is one of drug delivery systems for periodontitis treatment. The system is injected into the desired site then transforms into a gel state when the solvent diffuses out and aqueous diffuses in. Thein situforming Eudragit RSgels loading 1, 5 and 10%w/w metronidazole (MT) were developed in this study usingN-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), 2-pyrrolidone and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. The viscosity of the gel systems in all solvents were increased as drug or polymer amount was increased with Newtonian flow behavior. Transformation into gel wa

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33

Nozoe, Shigeo, Tomihisa Ohta, Sojiro Shiokawa, and Eiichiro Iwashita. "Efficient Catalytic Furylation of 2-Acetoxy-5-pyrrolidone." HETEROCYCLES 34, no. 5 (1992): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-92-5991.

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34

Ohta, Shunsaku, Atsunori Sano, Masayuki Yamashita, and Masao Okamoto. "Photochemical Fries Rearrangement of N-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidone." HETEROCYCLES 36, no. 4 (1993): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-92-6217.

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35

Hollenberg, N., W. Grahn, and P. G. Jones. "1-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 53, no. 12 (1997): 1851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270197009347.

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36

Clark, Richard L., Michael D. Craven, and Ronald G. Kander. "Nylon 66/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) reinforced composites: 2." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 30, no. 1 (1999): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(98)00083-9.

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37

Ascanius, B. E., D. M. Garcia, and S. I. Andersen. "Analysis of Asphaltenes Subfractionated byN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone." Energy & Fuels 18, no. 6 (2004): 1827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef049807t.

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38

Jain, Parijat, and Samuel H. Yalkowsky. "Solubilization of poorly soluble compounds using 2-pyrrolidone." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 342, no. 1-2 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.03.056.

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39

Janssen, A. E. M., C. Klabbers, M. C. R. Franssen, and K. van't Riet. "Enzymatic synthesis of carbohydrate esters in 2-pyrrolidone." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 13, no. 7 (1991): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(91)90092-o.

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40

Aparicio, Santiago, Rafael Alcalde, Begoña García, and José M. Leal. "Microwave dielectric spectroscopy of 2-pyrrolidone+water mixtures." Chemical Physics Letters 444, no. 4-6 (2007): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.033.

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41

Mirzoyan, S. A., M. B. Ordyan, and M. G. Balasanyan. "Efeect of pyrrolidone-2 on the cerebral circulation." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 103, no. 1 (1987): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00840143.

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42

Willey, Anthony D., Josh M. Holt, Brian A. Larsen, et al. "Thin films of carbon nanotubes via ultrasonic spraying of suspensions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 32, no. 1 (2014): 011218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4861370.

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43

Száraz, I., and W. Forsling. "A spectroscopic study of the solvation of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) in different solvents." Polymer 41, no. 13 (2000): 4831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00705-3.

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44

Pankratov, A. N., V. B. Borodulin, and O. A. Chaplygina. "Tautomerism and Regioselectivity of the Protonation of 2-Pyrrolidone. Stereoselectivity of Complexation between Palladium(II), Chloride Ion, and 2-Pyrrolidone." Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 31, no. 7 (2005): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11173-005-0125-z.

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45

Suvannapruk, Waraporn, and Jintamai Suwanprateeb. "Effect of Solvent and Drug Impregnation Techniques on Total Drug Content in Rifampicin Impregnated Hydroxyapatite for Localized Bone Tuberculosis Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 690 (May 2016): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.690.173.

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Rifampicin drug was experimentally loaded into 3D printed porous hydroxyapatite using two types of solvents (methanol or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) and various solution impregnation techniques aiming to maximize the total drug content in the samples. All vacuum assisted impregnations gave greater rifampicin content in the sample than that of atmospheric immersion. For similar vacuum assisted impregnation technique, the use of methanol could produce greater amount of drug in the sample than using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. For each solvent, the loading technique which gave maximum drug content was di

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46

Ulrich, Nadin, Daniel Bury, Holger M. Koch, et al. "Metabolites of the alkyl pyrrolidone solvents NMP and NEP in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1991 to 2014." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 91, no. 8 (2018): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1347-y.

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Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to get a first overview of the exposure to the solvents and reproductive toxicants N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) in Germany. NMP and NEP metabolite concentrations were determined in 540 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected from 1991 to 2014. With these data we were able to investigate NMP/NEP exposures over time and to evaluate associated risks. Methods NMP metabolites 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNMP) and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI) and NEP metabolites 5-hydroxy-N-eth

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47

Lokajová, Jana, Simo Porras, Eivor Elovaara, and Susanne Wiedmer. "Determination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and its metabolites in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography." Open Chemistry 9, no. 5 (2011): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0062-2.

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AbstractA fast and accurate micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for monitoring N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) exposure. Baseline separation of NMP and its main metabolites: 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5HNMP), N-methylsuccinimide (MSI), 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2HMSI), and 2-pyrrolidone (2P) was obtained within 6 min in an uncoated fused silica capillary using 5 mM phosphate buffer and 140 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH 7.1) as background electrolyte (BGE). On-line UV-detection was performed at 200 nm and the applied electric field was 400 V cm−

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48

Germán, Lorena, José María Cuevas, Rubén Cobos, Leyre Pérez-Alvarez, and José Luis Vilas-Vilela. "Green alternative cosolvents to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in water polyurethane dispersions." RSC Advances 11, no. 31 (2021): 19070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03157k.

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49

Faragalla, Magdy M., David J. T. Hill, and Andrew K. Whittaker. "The copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate." Polymer Bulletin 47, no. 5 (2002): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890200004.

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50

Kharas, Gregory B. "Copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 2-phenyl-1,1-dicyanoethene." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35, no. 3 (1988): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350314.

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