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Academic literature on the topic 'Pythium ultimum – Lutte biologique contre'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pythium ultimum – Lutte biologique contre"
Gravel, Valérie. "Lutte contre Pythium ultimum chez la tomate de serre : une approche microbienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24523/24523.pdf.
Full textGerbore, Jonathan. "Lutte biologique contre un champignon pathogène impliqué dans l’esca de la vigne, par utilisation de l’oomycète Pythium oligandrum." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3037/document.
Full textBiocontrol research based on the use of microorganisms is expanding very rapidly. However, the use of such bioncontrol agents is still too inconsistent to effectively protect plants in field applications. This phenomenon is often attributed to the non-persistence of biocontrol agents in the rhizosphere or on the plants. In order to reduce the risk of this happening, one solution consists in using microorganisms that are isolated from the plants needing protection. In this thesis, an oomycete called Pythium oligandrum, which colonizes the rhizosphere of many plants, including grapevine, was assessed for the control of esca, a grapevine trunk disease for which no control method is currently available. P. oligandrum strains have been isolated from the rhizosphere of vines cultivated in 3 wine-growing regions (12 grapevines) of Bordeaux with different types of soil: stony-sandy, silty and stony. Analyses of fungal and bacterial communities using a molecular fingerprinting method (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism) showed that, unlike bacteria, the fungal species varied according to the sampling region. Roots of all the vines sampled were colonized by echinulated-oospore Pythium spp., with P. oligandrum strains predominating. Phylogenetic analyses based on the genes encoding the cytochrome oxidase I and one tubulin allowed these strains to be clustered into three groups. The sequencing of the elicitin-like genes, whose proteins are key components in inducing systemic resistance in plants, showed that each strain held at least one gene encoding for each of the two kinds of P. oligandrum elicitors (i.e. oligandrin and Cell Wall Proteins). Sequencing and molecular fingerprinting analyses showed thus that the type of soil and the rhizosphere microbiota did not shape the population structure of P. oligandrum. However, other factors such as the different kinds of rootstock and weeding management can also have an influence on the root colonization by P. oligandrum. The relationship between P. oligandrum and grapevine was studied using a transcriptomic approach (microarray Vitis vinifera, 29 549 genes). The results highlighted the modifications induced by young vines in response to P. oligandrum root colonization, in the genetic expression of several genes belonging to different metabolic pathways. Two aspects, that are usually opposed, were observed: P. oligandrum was perceived by the plant either (i) as a pathogen because certain defence reactions were triggered (e.g. calcium signalling, resistance genes, abscissic acid metabolism) or as (ii) a symbiotic microorganism since several transcriptional changes were similar to those reported in symbiotic interactions (e.g. induction of subtilase genes). An assay aimed at protecting grapevine against a pathogenic fungus involved in esca, and known to be responsible for wood necrosis, i.e. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, was carried out. The root colonization by P. oligandrum was associated with a reduction in the length of necroses. In line with this result, transcriptomic analyses by microarrays and RT-qPCR showed overexpression of several genes, particularly those of the ethylene pathway. Some of these induced genes could be thus used as resistance markers, but this needs to be validated in further experiments
Moulin, Florence. "Etude des interactions Pythium spp. - Pseudomonas spp. Fluorescents dans la rhizosphère du concombre : application à la lutte biologique en culture hors-sol." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10098.
Full textPicard, Karine. "Lutte biologique par Pythium oligandrum en culture hors-sol : dynamique des populations, antagonisme et rôle d’une protéine dans l’induction de résistance chez la tomate." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES0001.
Full textGravel, Valérie. "Lutte contre Pythium ultimum chez la tomate de serre : une approche microbienne /." 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24523/24523.pdf.
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