To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pyu.
Journal articles on the topic 'Pyu'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Pyu.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kyaw, T., and A. Hoosen. "Obituary: Dr Pyu Pyu Sein (1951–2008)." Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection 24, no. 2 (2009): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2009.11441340.
Full text
2
Miyake, Marc. "Studies in Pyu Phonology, ii: Rhymes." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 11, no. 1-2 (2018): 34–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-01101008.
Full textAbstract:
The extinct Pyu language was spoken during the first millennium CE and the early centuries of the second millennium CE in what is now Upper Burma. Pyu appears to be Sino-Tibetan on the basis of its basic vocabulary. It survives in inscriptions in an Indic script. This study reconstructs Pyu rhymes on the basis of spellings in those inscriptions and concludes that Pyu was an atonal language with 7 vowels and 18 final consonants. Some previous scholars have interpreted the subscript dots of the Pyu script as tone markers, but this study argues that they indicate fricative initials.
3
Miyake, Marc, and Julian Wheatley. "Studies in Pyu Epigraphy II. Pyu Inscriptions on Molded Tablets: A Way Forward?" Journal of Burma Studies 28, no. 1 (2024): 73–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2024.a923230.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The Pyu language is known from some 150 inscriptions, a few of them long and most of them short. Almost none can be reliably dated, but paleographical and archeological evidence suggests that the earliest dates from the first half of the first millennium CE. Decipherment of the Pyu language has, thus far, been based mostly on bilingual or multilingual inscriptions. Such inscriptions are few, so further progress will have to be based on monolingual ones. This paper examines a set of short Pyu monolingual inscriptions found mostly on molded tablets. Molded tablets (also called votive tablets) inscribed in known languages such as Pali, Old Mon, and Old Burmese display a relatively narrow range of content, and we would expect comparable content to be reflected in the Pyu examples.
4
Miyake, Marc. "A first look at Pyu grammar." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 42, no. 2 (2019): 150–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.18013.miy.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pyu, an extinct Sino-Tibetan language once spoken in what is now Upper Burma, remains barely explored beyond the level of transliterating texts and the identification of individual words. Knowledge of Pyu grammar has advanced little over the past century. This article (1) presents a methodology for discovering the syntax of Pyu, (2) identifies five word classes and their combinatorial properties, (3) lists all known grammatical morphemes with notes on usage, (4) formulates rules of word order, and (5) demonstrates how all of the above can elucidate the meaning of a previously undeciphered Pyu inscription. Over 200 examples are provided.
5
Miyake, Marc. "Studies in Pyu phonology, I." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 22, no. 1 (2020): 28–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00077.miy.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The extinct Pyu language was spoken during the first millennium CE and the early centuries of the second millennium CE in what is now Upper Burma. It has been classified as Sino-Tibetan on the basis of basic vocabulary, but its precise position within the family remains unknown. It survives in inscriptions in an Indic script. In this study, the first of its kind, I begin to reconstruct Pyu phonology on the basis of spellings in those inscriptions. I propose that Pyu was a sesquisyllabic language with 7 preinitials and 43 or 44 initials.
6
Griffiths, Arlo, and Julian Wheatley. "Five Contributions to Pyu Studies: Introduction." Journal of Burma Studies 28, no. 1 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2024.a923227.
Full text
7
Stargardt, Janice. "From the Iron Age to early cities at Sri Ksetra and Beikthano, Myanmar." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47, no. 3 (2016): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463416000230.
Full textAbstract:
This article traces the evolutionary record of urbanism at two sites in Myanmar: their transition from late prehistory inc. second to first century BCE to proto-urban and fully urban development at Sri Ksetra and Beikthano by the mid-first millennium CE. The Pyu cities are remarkable because of their spatial continuity, for their early achievements in water control, iron production, ritual and domestic ceramics, brick monumental architecture, rich funerary culture, literacy and adoption of Buddhism on both elite and popular levels. Though the radiocarbon dates for Pyu urbanism are at present earlier, they share many features with other urbanising societies in mainland Southeast Asia, where new chronologies are emerging for social and economic complexity at Dvaravati, Pre-Angkorian and Co Loa sites. The article provides new and specific evidence on the dates and types of contacts between the Pyu, India, and other areas of Southeast Asia to interrogate the meaning of Indianisation in Southeast Asia.
8
Kyaing, Win. "Recent Archaeological Research at Śrīkṣetra". Journal of Burma Studies 28, № 1 (2024): 11–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2024.a923228.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Archaeological research on Śrīkṣetra has been ongoing for over a century, with surveying, recording, identifying monuments, excavation, and restoration. However, systematic excavation and the application of scientific measures to improve our understanding of the history and culture of the most influential and largest of the Pyu ancient cities have only lately been carried out there. Recent archaeological work by national and international scholars has introduced new ways to approach the details of Pyu urban morphology and to examine sociocultural changes, the dissemination of the early South Asian Buddhist tradition, and urbanization in early Southeast Asia.
9
Kircaburun, Kagan, Sabah Balta, Emrah Emirtekin, Şule Betül Tosuntas, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Mark D. Griffiths. "Compensatory Usage of the Internet: The Case of Mukbang Watching on YouTube." Psychiatry Investigation 18, no. 4 (2021): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.0340.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Accumulating empirical research has emphasized that a wide range of online activities–such as using social networking sites–can be performed in order to compensate unattained needs or to cope with negative affect and psychopathological symptoms. Although the correlates of problematic social networking use have been extensively investigated, less is known about problematic YouTube use (PYU), an umbrella term grouping a number of different activities (e.g., viewing of online video games, watching specific YouTube channels). Furthermore, nothing is known concerning increasingly popular and distinct YouTube-related activities such as mukbang watching (i.e., watching livestream “eating broadcasts” where someone eats various foods in front of the camera while interacting with viewers). The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of problematic mukbang watching (PMW) on the relationships between depression and loneliness with PYU.Methods An online survey that comprised assessment tools for aforementioned variables was administered to 217 mukbang viewers (mean age=20.58 years, range 18–33 years).Results Results indicated that PMW was positively related to loneliness and PYU. Depression was positively and directly associated with PYU but was not associated with PMW.Conclusion Further research is required to better understand the psychological processes underlying problematic mukbang watching and its association with other mental health conditions (e.g., addictive disorders, eating disorders).
10
Boisvert, Mathieu. "A Socio-cultural Analysis of the Burmese Shin pyu Ceremony." Journal of Beliefs & Values 21, no. 2 (2000): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713675499.
Full text
11
Hudson, Bob. "Funerary Practices at Pyu Sites in Myanmar and the Appearance of Buddhist Artifacts from the Fifth to Sixth Century CE Period." Journal of Burma Studies 28, no. 1 (2024): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2024.a923232.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: An ongoing research question in Myanmar (Burma) is to what extent, and in what specific part of the first millennium CE, traces of Buddhism from India can be observed in the early urban “Pyu” culture. Burial urns feature significantly in the archaeological record, but they do not have any specifically Buddhist features. Some funerary shrines feature a brick plinth at one end. If these were bases for stūpas or Buddha images, then Indian influence could be attributed as early as the second–third century CE period. No evidence has yet been found of what these plinths carried. A later burial complex, dated by radiocarbon to the sixth–seventh century period, included Buddhist “votive tablets.” In another architectural form, the reliquary stūpa, we find a Buddhist practice directly comparable to Indian practices of the early-to-mid first millennium CE. On the evidence of paleography and art history, the Pyu Buddhist stūpas may have been operational in the fifth–sixth century CE period. The earliest radiocarbon date range for a building containing Buddhist material is also the fifth–sixth century.
12
Zhang, Mengmeng, Junfeng Shen, Chenglu Li, et al. "Genesis of the Sanhetun Tellurium–Gold Deposit, Northeast China: Constraints from In Situ Elemental and Sulfur Isotopic Compositions of Pyrite." Minerals 14, no. 10 (2024): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14101014.
Full textAbstract:
The Sanhetun tellurium–gold (Te–Au) deposit, located in the Duobaoshan polymetallic metallogenic belt (DPMB) within the eastern section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is a newly discovered small-scale gold deposit. The mineralization, with a resource of ≥4 t Au, is mainly hosted in three NNE-trending alteration zones between Early Carboniferous granitic mylonite and Lower Cretaceous volcanogenic-sedimentary formations. The genesis of formation of this deposit is poorly constrained. Here, we report the results of petrographic studies, TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA), major and trace element concentrations, and in situ S isotopes of pyrite. The results show that there are four types of pyrite: coarse-grained euhedral Py1, fine-grained quartz-Py2 vein crosscutting Py1, anhedral aggregated Py3, and anhedral aggregated Py4. The pre-ore stage Py1 contains negligible Au, Te, and other trace elements and has a relatively narrow range of δ34S values ranging from −1.20 to −0.57‰. Py2 has higher concentrations of Au and Te and distinctly high concentrations of Mo, Sb, Zn, and Mn with markedly positive δ34S values of 4.67 to 14.43‰. The main-ore stage Py3 contains high Au and Te concentrations and shows narrow δ34S values ranging from −5.69 to 0.19‰. The post-ore stage Py4 displays low Au concentrations with the δ34S values ranging from 2.66 to 3.86‰. Tellurides are widespread in Py3 and Py4, consisting mainly of native tellurium, tetradymite, tsumoite, hessite, and petzite. Especially, tetradymite commonly coexists with native gold. This study highlights the role of Te–Bi–S melt as an important gold scavenger in As-deficient ore-forming fluids.
13
Aktar, Taslima. "Political Dynamics of Pre-colonial Myanmar/ Burma: The Context for Colonisation." Indian Historical Review 51, no. 2 (2024): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836241287054.
Full textAbstract:
In Burmese historiography, the issue of periodisation has not been given much attention. Burma’s pre-colonial history of dynastic and ruler changes occurred within a static framework with little to no institutional or social change. Before the British conquest, the political history of Burma can be summed up as an endless struggle between the Burmese people and their neighbours, as well as between at least four different indigenous groups: Shans, Arakanese, Mons or Talaings. Numerous political organisations and migrations occurred during the pre-colonial era. The Pyu city-states, the Pagan Empire, the Toungoo Dynasty and the Konbaung Dynasty were the four pre-colonial systems covered in this article. Mercantilism, Buddhism, commerce with Asian countries, and cultural and political concepts had a significant impact on Pyu culture, which may have long shaped later Burmese governmental structures and society. In the Pagan Kingdom, farming, irrigation, culture and design attained a high degree of development and were formed by the ancestors of the trendy Burmese. The Kanbwang Dynasty came to power in the eighteenth century and established central authority nearby. Early in the nineteenth century, colonial powers seized control of Burma. The main objectives of this article are the political and social landscape of pre-colonial Burma and how it impacted colonialism. The article also makes connections between periods of Burma’s colonial history and early modern history.
14
Song, Weifang, Pan Wu, Jianzhong Liu, et al. "Genesis of the Tangshang Au Deposit in Southeast Yunnan Province, China: Constraints from In Situ Chemical and S-Sr Isotope Analyses." Minerals 12, no. 7 (2022): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070806.
Full textAbstract:
The Yunnan–Guizhou–Guangxi district (also known as the Dian–Qian–Gui “Golden Triangle”) in southwestern China contains numerous Carlin-type Au deposits (CTGDs). However, the sources of Au and Au-bearing fluids in these deposits remain controversial. The Tangshang Au deposit is a middle-sized CTGD in southeastern Yunnan Province. This study involved in situ chemical and S isotope analyses of sulfides and in situ trace elemental and Sr isotope analyses of ore-related calcite; these data were used to trace the sources of fluids and Au, as well as the genesis of this deposit. Four pyrite types (Py1, Py2, Py3, and Py4) and two arsenopyrite types (Apy1 and Apy2) were identified based on their textural characteristics. It was found that Py1 contains relatively lower Au, Sb, Cu, and Tl contents than those of Py2, Py3, and Py4. Py1 is wrapped by rim-Py2 and Py3, which indicates an early-ore-stage genesis. The Carlin-type mineralization elements are elevated in the pyrites (Au = 3.04–38.1 ppm; As = 40,932–65,833 ppm; Tl = 0 to 3.3 ppm; Sb = 1.2 to 343 ppm; and Cu = 10 to 102 ppm), and the average Co/Ni ratio is 0.54. Additionally, Au has a positive correlation with Tl and Cu. The high concentrations of As and Au in all types of pyrite indicate that the ore-forming fluids are rich in both elements. The sulfides in the ores were shown to produce similar S isotope ratios, which are obviously higher than the S isotope value of sulfide (~0‰) in Emeishan basalt; therefore, the integration of these and elemental composition data indicated that all pyrites (Py1, Py2, Py3, and Py4) form during the ore stage. These results also demonstrate that the δ34S values of the Au-bearing fluids are higher than those of basalt wall rocks. The flat chondrite-normalized REEs pattern and positive Eu anomaly of the calcite were similar to those obtained from Emeishan basalt, which suggests a reducing characteristic of hydrothermal fluids. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70557–0.70622) of calcite were also comparable to the range obtained from Emeishan basalt. Some slightly higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios, which ranged between those obtained from Emeishan basalt and limestone from the Maokou Formation, indicated that the Sr isotope ratios of the Au-bearing fluids are higher than those of Emeishan basalt. Based on data generated in the present study and the regional geology of this area, a genetic model involving a metamorphic fluid system was proposed for the Tangshang gold deposit, and a gold mineralization event related to metamorphic fluid in the south of the Dian–Qian–Gui “Golden Triangle” was indicated.
15
Pyun, Danielle O., and Kyung-Eun Yoon. "Discourse functions of Korean ‘yes’ words." Korean Linguistics 18, no. 1 (2022): 48–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.00013.pyu.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study examines discourse functions of Korean ‘yes’ words from an interactional perspective based on naturally-occurring conversation data. Tokens of yey, ney, ey, ung, um, and e in Korean are widely recognized as affirmative responses. A close examination of these tokens, however, reveals wide-ranging interactional functions through which speakers express active engagement, share information, negotiate meaning, and maintain discourse coherence. The present study identifies a total of fifteen discourse-pragmatic functions of Korean ‘yes’ words: (1) affirmative answer, (2) confirmation, (3) acceptance, (4) agreement, (5) answer to summons, (6) acknowledgement, (7) change-of-state, (8) change-of-activity, (9) response solicitation, (10) reinforcement, (11) other initiation of repair, (12) closing of phone call, (13) continuer, (14) proposal to discontinue the on-going action for the sake of a larger course of action, and (15) arguably hesitation marker. This study demonstrates that the interactional approach enables the discovery of varied discourse functions of a type of linguistic items, which may not be readily available in dictionaries or grammar reference guides.
16
Boisvert, Mathieu. "La cérémonie de l'ordination mineure bouddhique (shin pyu) en Birmanie et ses ramifications sociales." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 30, no. 2 (2001): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980103000201.
Full textAbstract:
Cet article est le résultat d'une étude sur les moinillons de la tradition theravāda birmane que nous avons effectuée au printemps 1999. Dans les pages qui vont suivre, nous analyserons l'admission temporaire de jeunes garçons au sein de l'ordre monastique bouddhique, ainsi que la cérémonie rituelle qui vient encadrer cet acte important. Cette étude nous permet également d'entrevoir le rôle éducatif que les monastères birmans (kyaung) entretenaient, d'examiner comment certains de ceux-ci se sont transformés en prahita pour accueillir les enfants ne pouvant se permettre financièrement de fréquenter l'école publique, et de jeter un regard sur la situation contemporaine de la jeune fille par rapport à la cérémonie d'admission. Afin de bien cerner le contexte bouddhiste theravāda, nous établirons des liens avec les anciens textes pālis - qui régissent toujours la tradition bouddhique birmane - , et nous nous permettrons d'effectuer, ici et là, quelques parallèles avec des sociétés bouddhiques environnantes - cinghalaise, khmère et thai.
17
Liljeblad, Jonathan. "The Pyu Ancient Cities World Heritage application: lessons from Myanmar on transnational advocacy networks." Journal of Civil Society 13, no. 1 (2016): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2016.1246138.
Full text
18
Mi, Mi Hlaing. "Achievement of Ancient Myanmar Kings for Irrigation System." Bago University Research Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, no. 2018 (2018): 68–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3918861.
Full textAbstract:
When ancient Pyu cities came into existence before King Anawrahta ascended the throne, it was discovered that they had built reservoirs and lakes and made arrangements to obtain regular supply of water for cultivation of crops, by digging canals. Pyus also initiated to employ methods of cultivation by irrigated water along the basin of river Ayeyawady and flooded plain land area. Beikthano, Sriksetra and Kyaukse were congested with the ancient weirs, constructed by ancient Myanmar kings. Although system of cultivation with irrigated water seemed to be an old system, it was very systematic.
19
Song, Fanyue, Qianhui Zhang, Kadio Aka Donald Koua, et al. "Trace Element and Sulfur Isotopic Analysis of Pyrite from the Luyuangou Gold Deposit, Xiong’ershan Au-Ag Polymetallic District, Central China: Implications for The Origin and Evolution of Ore-Forming Fluids." Minerals 13, no. 3 (2023): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13030407.
Full textAbstract:
The Luyuangou gold deposit is located in the eastern section of the Xiong’ershan Au-Ag polymetallic district (XESPMD) and consists of a few gold-bearing veins found in the EW-striking faults located in the Archean Taihua and Mesoproterozoic Xiong’er Groups. The gold deposits contain numerous gold-bearing pyrites in thin quartz veins, representing an ideal tool for explaining the enigmatic genesis of gold deposits in the XESPMD. The distributions of trace elements and the sulfur isotopes of gold-bearing pyrite in the Luyuangou gold deposit were investigated to define the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids. Five generations of pyrite have been identified: coarse-grained euhedral pyrite cores (Py1-1) and margins (Py1-2) in milky quartz veins, fine-grained pyrite (Py2) in quartz veins and host rocks, pyrite (Py3) in quartz + polymetallic sulfide veins, and pyrites (Py4) in quartz calcite veins. The distributions of trace elements indicated that Py2 and Py3 represented the main gold-bearing minerals and contained high concentrations of As, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, and Cu, and the distributions were controlled by the micro/nanoinclusions. The δ34S values in the five pyrite generations ranged from −19.5 to 3.4‰. Py2 (−15.4 to −6.1‰) and Py3 (−19.5 to −12.4‰) had the lowest δ34S values, indicating that the sulfur originated from an oxidizing fluid. Py1 showed δ34S values (−0.3 to 1.9‰) corresponding to a magmatic origin. Py4 (1.1–3.4‰) displayed the highest δ34S values, indicating that the sulfur originated from the host rock under the action of meteoric water cycles. Analyses of the pyrite’s trace elements and sulfur isotopes, in combination with geological evidence, indicated that magmatic ore-forming fluids contributed to the formation of the Luyuangou gold deposit. The magmatic ore-forming fluids interacted with meteoric water during the main mineralization period. The changing physicochemical conditions of the mineralized fluids caused the precipitation of a large amount of gold and other mineralized elements.
20
Miles, James, Marc Miyake, and Nathan W. Hill. "The use of Reflectance Transformation Imaging in the recording and analyses of Burmese Pyu inscriptions." Archaeological Research in Asia 16 (December 2018): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2018.09.001.
Full text
21
Dr., Thidar Aung. "Min Thu Won ei Nga Kapyar Myar Ma Tin Pyu Yay Phwe Han Laylar Chat." Dagon University Research Journal Vol.8, no. 2018 (2019): Pg.27–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3554880.
Full text
22
O'Connor, Richard A. "Agricultural Change and Ethnic Succession in Southeast Asian States: A Case for Regional Anthropology." Journal of Asian Studies 54, no. 4 (1995): 968–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059956.
Full textAbstract:
In the first millennium A.D. mainland Southeast Asia's first great states arise, but then in the span of a few centuries these Indianized realms collapse and their Pyu, Mon, Khmer, and Cham peoples decline. In their place Burmese, Tai, and Vietnamese states arise and go on to rule the mainland as their peoples come to dominate the second millennium. Case by case these shifts appear to be ethnic and political successions wherein the strong displace the weak, but seen together regionally the similarities suggest an agricultural change whereby an irrigated wet rice specialization from upland valleys displaced gardening and farming complexes native to the lowlands.
23
Wang, Cheng, Yongjun Shao, Kuanxin Huang, et al. "Ore-Forming Processes at the Xiajinbao Gold Deposit in Eastern Hebei Province: Constraints from EPMA and LA-ICPMS Analysis." Minerals 8, no. 9 (2018): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8090388.
Full textAbstract:
The Xiajinbao gold deposit is located at the northern margin of the North China Craton. Hydrothermal pyrites belonging to three stages were identified: Py1; Py2; and Py3. Geochemical study of these pyrites was conducted using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the distributions of minor and trace elements, constrain pyrite genesis, and to obtain an improved understanding of the ore-forming processes. Py1 and Py2 contain high concentrations of Au and are interpreted to have been deposited from fluids from a dominantly magmatic source. Py3 grains have the lowest Co/Ni ratios. All generations of pyrite were deposited by mixing of meteoric waters with magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Boiling of early ore-forming fluids led to the precipitation of Py1 and gold. Decreasing fO2 in the ore-forming system resulted in the formation of Py2 and gold. Fluid mixing was the dominant controlling factor for the precipitation of Py3 together with small amounts of gold.
24
Deeg, Max. "Chinese Reports about Buddhism in Early Burma." Journal of Burma Studies 28, no. 1 (2024): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2024.a923231.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: This article revisits the Chinese Buddhist sources on the Pyus and Śrīkṣetra in early Burma. Buddhist references to the region mainly come from the Tang period (618–907). These texts, authored by the famous monks Xuanzang and Yijing, do not use the Chinese transcriptional term Biao, which corresponds to Pyu, but exclusively use the name Śrīkṣetra. They do not refer to any local form of Buddhism or do so only in very general terms. Buddhism as practiced by the Pyus (Biao) is first mentioned in the ninth-century text, the Manshu . The Chinese sources certainly do not prove that Buddhism has not yet been adopted on a large scale, but they may indicate a relatively late consolidation of Buddhism in the region.
25
Zhang, Zhichao, Yuwang Wang, Jiyu He, et al. "Geology, Pyrite Geochemistry and Metallogenic Mechanism of the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton." Minerals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121551.
Full textAbstract:
The Wulong deposit is a large gold deposit in the Liaodong peninsula (North China Craton). Silicic and pyrite alterations are well-developed in the deposit and closely related to mineralization. The least altered and silicified microdiorite samples were selected for major and trace element analyses to reveal the elemental migration/enrichment. Pyrites of stage 1 (Py1) were selected for backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses to reveal their possible metallogenic link. Mass balance calculation showed that Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, K2O, SiO2, Ag, As, Cu, and Pb were brought in, whereas MgO, Na2O, FeO, Cr, Zn, and Ni were leached out during silicification. LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses show that Py1 has higher Au and Zn contents than Py2 and Py3, Py2 has higher Au and Cu contents than Py1 and Py3, and Py3 has higher Pb, Cu, and As contents than Py1 and Py2. During the process of silicification and pyritization, the depleted H+ concentration and HS− concentration in the ore-forming fluids led to instability of the Au(HS)2− complexes and led to gold precipitation. The depleted sulfur and the reduced temperature during the precipitated of bismuthinite also led to instability of the Au(HS)2− complexes and gold precipitation.
26
Hidayat, Muhammad Rizyan Anggra, F. X. Wagiman, and Arman Wijonarko. "Arthropod Diversity in the Tea Plantation within Several Years after Pruning in Pagilaran, Central Java." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 2 (2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.47172.
Full textAbstract:
The lush leaves of tea within several years after prune is expected to be followed by arthropod abundance and diversity. The study aimed to evaluate the arthropod abundance, diversity, evenness, and dominance, at the tea plantation within several years after the prune. The study was conducted at Pagilaran tea plantations, Central Java, from April to May 2018, at an altitude of 900 m asl. Arthropod samplings were done in four plots of tea plantation namely 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after pruning, hereafter they are called PY1, PY2, PY3, and PY4. The plot area was approximately 1 ha. The arthropod specimens were collected using sweep net and pitfall trap every day for 6 consecutive days. The arthropod identification and calculation were carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Analysis of variance was applied to determine the effect of PY on the Arthropod abundance. The Shannon Wienner index, the Evenness index, and the Simpson index, were used to evaluate the arthropod diversity, evenness, and dominance, respectively. The results showed that the PY significantly affected the arthropod abundance. The arthropod number collected from PY1 (27 individuals/50 swings) was significantly lower as compared to the other PYs, while arthropod numbers amongst PY2, PY3, and PY4 (53, 93, and 67 individuals/50 swings, respectively) were relatively similar. Out of the total number of 1.432 arthropod specimens, it comprised of 10 orders at which Hemiptera was the highest order (48.04%), and 69 families at which Cicadellidae was the highest family (32.12%). Amongst specimens of Cicadellidae, there was Empoasca sp. which is an important tea pest. The Shannon Wienner index (H) of orders and families ranged from 1.24 to 2.69 indicates moderate arthropod diversity. The Evenness index (e') ranged from 0.57 to 0.91) indicates the arthropod evenly distributed. Meanwhile, the Simpson index (D) ranged 0.10 - 0.39 indicates that there was no dominance of the order or family.
27
Chan Ko Ko, Aye, Zhang Ying, and Theint Theint Htun. "Study on Socioeconomic Impacts of Private Forest Plantations on Local Livelihood in Pyu Township, Taungoo District, Bago Region, Myanmar." International Journal of Sciences 3, no. 02 (2017): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijsci.1193.
Full text
28
Chan, Ko Ko Aye, Zhang Ying, and Htun Theint Theint. "Study on Socioeconomic Impacts of Private Forest Plantations on Local Livelihood in Pyu Township, Taungoo District, Bago Region, Myanmar." International Journal of Sciences Volume 6, no. 2017-02 (2017): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3349365.
Full textAbstract:
Forest Department of Myanmar has called for private investment in plantation forestry by granting forest land concession right since 2006-07. On the other hand, rural peoples of the country, representing about 70% of total population, rely on forest resources and forest land for their livelihood. This paper explores the socio-economic impacts of private forest plantations on rural communities in Pyu Township, Taungoo district, Bago Region, Myanmar. According to our results private forest plantations have the potential to positively impact on local people's wealth and well-being, if enough emphasis is paid attention to minimize the negative impacts. The household survey data of 213 observations from two villages were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. The study reveals that forest plantations make threat the basis of traditional rural livelihoods by reducing the availability of natural resources. However, investments gave also supported the diversification of livelihood strategies in the communities by providing formal employment and by increasing business and trading activities. As a rapid growth of populations and traditional agricultural practices have led to the overexploitation of natural resources, non-natural resource-based livelihood strategies increase the resilience of a household. Most respondents give the facts on plantations to have either no overall impact or a positive impact on the well-being of their household. According to our results, socio-economic household characteristics only marginally point out respondents' perceptions of the impacts of forest plantations but perceptions differ significantly between individual villages.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V62017021193 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1193
29
Wicks, Robert S. "The Ancient Coinage of Mainland Southeast Asia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 16, no. 2 (1985): 195–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400008419.
Full textAbstract:
Southeast Asia's coinage during the first millenium AD is remarkably conservative and uniform. A single prototype, a silver conch and śrīvatsa coin, is the model for each mainland coinage issued over a period of more than five hundred years, from about AD 450 to 1000. (Plate 1, coin 1) Silver is by far the preferred metal for minting. Gold and copper are rarely used, and then only in late or debased issues. Most of the cointypes are limited in circulation to their place of issue, providing insight into the geographical extent of effective political control in the early states of Candra Arakan, Pyu Śrīkṣetra and Mon Dvāravatī. Weight standards are extremely variable indicating that each state had a localized currency and not one immediately acceptable on an international basis. The main exception is the Rising Sun/Śrīvatsa coinage found in Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and southern Viet Nam. Unfortunately this Rising Sun coinage cannot be attributed to any mainland state with certainty.
30
Kurz, Johannes L. "Piaoyue, Piao, Pyu (?): Chinese Textual Evidence Concerning a Southeast Asian Region in Burma from the Tang to the Song Dynasties." Journal of Asian History 58, no. 1-2 (2024): 89–115. https://doi.org/10.13173/jah.58.1-2.089.
Full text
31
Bronson, Bennet. "Burma - The Ancient Pyu of Burma. Vol. 1: Early Pyu Cities in a Man-Made Landscape. By Janice Stargardt. Cambridge: Publications on Ancient Civilization in South East Asia and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990. Pp. xxix, 416. Illustrations, Maps, Notes, Bibliography, Index." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 2 (1992): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400006342.
Full text
32
Bouihi, Fatiha, Bruno Schmaltz, Fabrice Mathevet та ін. "D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position". Materials 15, № 22 (2022): 7992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227992.
Full textAbstract:
Donor–acceptor (D–A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. The chemical structures of the molecules consist of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acceptor core functionalized with one 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole (3,6-CzDMPA) donor moiety via a phenyl π-spacer at the 3, 5 and 7 positions, respectively. The isolated compounds possess suitable energy levels, sufficient thermal stability (Td > 400 °C), molecular glass behavior with Tg values in the range of 127–136 °C slightly higher than that of the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD (126 °C) and acceptable hydrophobicity. Undoped PY1 demonstrates the highest hole mobility (3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1) compared to PY2 and PY3 (1.3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1). The whole isomers were incorporated as doped HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs based on double cation perovskite FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. The non-optimized device fabricated using PY1 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.41%, similar to that obtained using the reference, Spiro-OMeTAD, which demonstrated a maximum PCE of 12.58% under the same conditions. The PY2 and PY3 materials demonstrated slightly lower performance in device configuration, with relatively moderate PCEs of 10.21% and 10.82%, respectively, and slight hysteresis behavior (−0.01 and 0.02). The preliminary stability testing of PSCs is also described. The PY1-based device exhibited better stability than the device using Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be related to its slightly superior hydrophobic character preventing water diffusion into the perovskite layer.
33
Yu, Qi, Zhigao Wang, Qingfei Sun, and Keyong Wang. "In Situ Trace Element and Sulfur Isotope Composition of Pyrite from the Beiwagou Pb-Zn Deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, Northeast China: Implications for Ore Genesis." Minerals 13, no. 9 (2023): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13091176.
Full textAbstract:
The Beiwagou Pb-Zn deposit, located in the western part of the Liaodong Peninsula, is a carbonate-hosted stratiform deposit with a Pb + Zn reserve of 0.08 Mt @ 4.14% (Pb + Zn). The orebodies occur as conformable layers and lenses and are strictly controlled by strata (the Paleoproterozoic Gaojiayu and Dashiqiao Formations) and lithology (plagioclase amphibolite and dolomitic marble). Given that previous studies have focused only on the mineralization features and mineralogy of deposits, herein, we report in situ trace element analyses of pyrite using LA-ICP-MS, together with in situ sulfur isotopes of pyrite, to constrain the composition, substitution mechanisms, source of sulfur, and sulfate reduction pathways of pyrite in the Beiwagou deposit. Based on pyrite morphology, texture, and chemistry, four pyrite types were identified: subhedral, porous-to-massive pyrite (Py1) related to chalcopyrite; subhedral, porous crushed pyrite (Py2) associated with fine-grained sphalerite; rounded and porous pyrite (Py3) related to the Zn-rich part of the laminated ore; and anhedral, porous-to-massive pyrite (Py4) associated with pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Py1 is characterized by high As, Ag, Cd, In, Au, Cu, and Zn concentrations and low Te, Bi, and Mo concentrations, whereas Py2 has high concentrations of Co and Ni and low concentrations of other trace elements, such as Cu, Zn, Bi, and Te. Py3 is characterized by elevated As concentrations, low Co, Ni, In, W, Te, and Tl concentrations, and varying Pb concentrations, whereas Py4 has low Ag, Cd, In, Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations and varying W, Co, Ni, Pb, Sb, and As concentrations. Significant correlations between some elements in each pyrite type suggest substitution mechanisms, such as (Zn2+ + Cu2+ + Mn2+ + Cd2+) ↔ 2Fe2+, Ag+ + (Sb)3+ ↔ 2Fe2+, and (Te+ + Ag+) + Sb3+ ↔ 2Fe2+, and the existence of a negative correlation between Co and Ni implies competition between both elements. The strongly positive δ34S values (12.11‰–23.54‰) are similar to that of seawater sulfates and likely result from thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). In conclusion, the Beiwagou Pb-Zn deposit is a typical SEDEX deposit and mineralization likely occurred during diagenesis.
34
Liu, Ji, Xinshang Bao, Yongbao Gao, et al. "Composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Pyrite and Quartz: Constraints on the Origin of the Xinjiazui Gold Deposit, Northwestern Margin of the Yangtze Block, China." Minerals 12, no. 6 (2022): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060688.
Full textAbstract:
The Xinjiazui gold deposit, a newly discovered deposit, is situated in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, China. The source and genesis of gold mineralization are poorly understood. It is urgent to use the H–O isotopic composition of quartz and geochemistry of pyrite to evaluate the origins of the Au and ore-forming fluids of this deposit. Three types of pyrite were identified, including synsedimentary framboidal pyrites (Py0), the directional arrangement of pyrites in pre-mineralization stage (Py1), and euhedral coarse-grain pyrites in the quartz–sulfide veins of the mineralization stage (Py2). The As content in Py2 is relatively higher than Py0 and Py1, indicating that the ore-forming fluids are strongly enriched in As. The δ34S values of Py2 (+5.50–+13.34‰) overlap with the S1–2M phyllite (+7.25‰–+8.70‰). This result is consistent with the Pb isotopic composition of Py2, showing that the source of ore-forming materials was derived from the S1–2M phyllite. Meanwhile, the variations in quartz’s H and O isotopic composition suggest that the ore-forming fluids were derived originally from metamorphic fluid. Additionally, the Au mineralization is strictly controlled by the shear zone. Above all, we would like to classify the Xinjiazui deposit as an orogenic gold deposit.
35
Saito, Isao, Yoshio Saito, Kazuo Hanawa, et al. "Highly selective fluorescent nucleobases for designing base-discriminating fluorescent probes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 12 (2006): 2305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678122305.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing interest in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing since they can be used as markers to identify the genes that underlie complex diseases and to realize the full potential of pharmacogenomics in analyzing variable response to drugs. Among the different methodologies for SNP genotyping, the homogenous assay is more amenable than the heterogeneous one.In this article, we will describe some of our most recently developed novel base-discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleosides useful for homogenous SNP typing. Our novel concept led to the investigation of a new type of pyrene-labeled BDF nucleosides PyU, PyC, 8pyA, and MePydA, which emitted strong fluorescence only when the bases opposite the BDF bases are A, G, T, and C, respectively. The DNA probes containing four different BDF bases enabled us to distinguish single-base alterations by simply mixing with a sample solution of target DNA. An example of SNP typing of c-Ha-ras SNP sequence has also been demonstrated. Detection of base insertion in insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms using pyrene excimer fluorescent probe has also been explored.
36
Tirkey, Yaswant. "गुप्तकालीन लोक, नृत्य एवं संगीत कला". International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 5, № 30 (2024): 231–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13960357.
Full textAbstract:
xqIrdky esa u`R;&laxhr foèkk dk cgqr fodkl gqvkA rRdkyhu le; esa olUrksRlo] dkSeqnh egksRlo] nhiksRlo vkfn ij u`R;&laxhr dk çpyu FkkA ml dky esa xf.kdkvksa dk mYys[k feyrk gS ftudk çeq[k dk;Z u`R; vkSj xk;u FkkA xqIr 'kkldksa }kjk dykdkjksa dks çJ; nsus dh tkudkjh Hkh feyrh gSA leqæxqIr Lo;a ,d Js"B oh.kkoknd Fks blfy;s viuh Le`fr dks thfor j[kus ds fy;s mUgksaus oh.kkèkkjh çdkj ds flôksa dks pyok;kA xqIrdkyhu ok?k dh xqQkvksa esa u`R;&laxhr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fp= feyrk gS tks rRdkyhu le; esa u`R;&laxhr ds oSHko ds ifjpk;d gSaA ekyfodkfXufe= ls Li"V gksrk gS fd uxjksa esa laxhr dh f'k{kk ds fy;s dykHkou vkSj vkpk;Z Hkh gksrs FksA bl çdkj xqIrdky esa u`R;&laxhr ds i;kZIr çek.k feyrs gSaA
37
Kouhestani, Hossein, Majid Ghaderi, Peyman Afzal, and Khin Zaw. "Classification of pyrite types using fractal and stepwise factor analyses in the Chah Zard gold-silver epithermal deposit, Central Iran." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 20, no. 4 (2020): 496–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem2020-031.
Full textAbstract:
The major target of this research is the classification of pyrite types using fractal and stepwise factor analyses in the Chah Zard ore deposit, Central Iran. The ore occurs within a breccia/vein type and the major ore mineral hosting gold mineralization is pyrite. In this study, data were selected using optical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and backscattered electron observations as well as laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP–MS) analysis. Conventional interpretations represent four gold-bearing pyrite types of various textures including fractured and porous Py1, oscillatory-rimmed and simple-zoned Py2, colloform Py3 and inclusion-rich Py4. The stepwise factor process was performed on the centred log ratio (clr) transformed data in two phases and Au was grouped with As, Te, Ni and Co in the second factor from the second stage (F2-2). Also, C-N fractal modelling was performed on the As, Au, Te and F2-2 values, all of which demonstrate multifractal nature. Four populations were separated based on F2-2 values and the C-N log–log plot. The main gold mineralization starts from 32 ppm, 2.8%, 7.94 ppm and 1.26 for Au, As, Te concentrations and F2-2, respectively, based on the C-N fractal modelling. These values are correlated with inclusion-rich Py4 and simple-zoned and oscillatory-rimmed Py2. The results obtained in this study show that fractal interpretation of LA-ICP–MS data by stepwise factor analysis may provide a suitable tool for the recognition of ore mineralization in epithermal gold deposits.
38
Nan, Guizhou, Jing Xu, Wenyuan Liu, Suyu Chen, Zhihui Cen, and Jichen Jiang. "Enrichment of Se-Te-Au in the Jilongshan Au-Cu Skarn Deposit, Hubei Province: Insight from Pyrite Texture and Composition." Minerals 13, no. 12 (2023): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121516.
Full textAbstract:
Selenium and Te are two important critical metals, which are often produced as by-products in Au-Cu deposits related to magmatic–hydrothermal systems, such as porphyry and skarn deposits. The Jilongshan Au-Cu deposit is a typical skarn deposit located in the middle and lower parts of the Yangtze River metallogenic belt. Previous studies show that it has valuable Se and Te resources, but their occurrence, particularly the relationship between the texture and composition of pyrite, and the enrichment mechanism of Se, Te, and Au remain unclear. Here, the textures and the major and trace elements of the Jilongshan pyrites were studied by using an optical microscope, EMPA, and LA-ICP-MS to reveal the occurrence of Se, Te, and Au in pyrite, as well as their genetic links with the pyrite mineralogical signature. The results show that there are three types of ores in the Jilongshan deposit, including granite porphyry-hosted, skarn-hosted, and carbonate-hosted ores. All of these ores contain major amounts of pyrite, which can be divided into four different generations. The first generation of pyrite (Py1) belongs to sedimentary genesis with a typical framboid texture and its Co/ Ni ratios are less than 1, whereas Py2, Py3, and Py4 belong to hydrothermal genesis and their Co/ Ni ratios are between 1.0 and 30.2. Selenium concentrations in Py2 and Py3 are relatively high (median, 138 ppm and 344 ppm, respectively), which are mainly present as isomorphism and a small amount as selenite in pyrite. Compared with granite porphyry-hosted and skarn-hosted ores, pyrite from carbonate-hosted ores has the highest Se concentrations. The latest generation of pyrite (Py4) contains the highest concentrations of Te (average, 140 ppm) and Au (average, 12 ppm) among the hydrothermal pyrites. Therefore, the precipitation of Se mainly occurs in pyrite during the early high-temperature stage, whereas higher concentrations of Te and Au are mainly enriched in pyrite during the late stage with low temperatures.
39
Kudrin, Maxim V., Valery Yu Fridovsky, Lena I. Polufuntikova, and Lyudmila Yu Kryuchkova. "Disseminated Gold–Sulfide Mineralization in Metasomatites of the Khangalas Deposit, Yana–Kolyma Metallogenic Belt (Northeast Russia): Analysis of the Texture, Geochemistry, and S Isotopic Composition of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite." Minerals 11, no. 4 (2021): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040403.
Full textAbstract:
At the orogenic gold deposits of the Yana–Kolyma metallogenic belt (northeast Russia) both Au–quartz-sulfide mineralization with native gold and disseminated sulfide mineralization with invisible Au developed. The textural and mineralogical-geochemical features, isotope-geochemical characteristics of gold-bearing sulfides from proximal metasomatites, and possible forms of Au occurrence in pyrite and arsenopyrite have been studied using electron microprobe, atomic absorption, LA-ICP-MS trace element, isotope analysis, and computed microtomography. Four generations of pyrite (Py1, diagenetic; Py2, metamorphic; Py3, metasomatic; Py4, veined) and two generations of arsenopyrite (Apy1, metasomatic; Apy2, veined) have been identified at the Khangalas deposit. In the proximal metasomatites, the most common are Py3 and Apy1. Studying their chemical composition makes it possible to identify the features of the distribution patterns of typochemical trace elements in pyrite and arsenopyrite, and to establish the nature of the relationship between Au and these elements. In Py3 and Apy1, structurally bound (solid solution) Au+ prevails, isomorphically entering the crystal lattice or its defects. Isotope characteristics of hydrothermal sulfides (δ34S = −2.0 to −0.6‰) indicate that mantle/magmatic sulfur was involved in the formation of the deposit, though the participation of sulfur from the host rocks of the Verkhoyansk clastic complex cannot be ruled out. The Khangalas deposit has much in common with other gold deposits of the Yana–Kolyma metallogenic belt, and from this point of view, the results obtained will help to better reveal their gold potential and understand their origin.
40
Zin, Monika. "Stūpa Shapes from the Āndhra Country to Śrīkṣetra". Journal of Burma Studies 28, № 1 (2024): 43–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2024.a923229.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Indian influence on the architecture of the Pyus is demonstrable in several instances. The shape of their city gates, for example, repeats the Indian “ lizard ’ s mouth ” ( godhāmukha ), described in the Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra and widespread in India. The objects of art and architecture created by the Pyus do not, however, display any recognizable similarities to those of Āndhra; the style of the preserved representations of the Buddha and ornaments like the makara , even on the objects that are usually taken to be early examples, corresponds with the Gupta or even post-Gupta style (fifth century at the earliest) rather than the Āndhra style. By contrast, the shape of the Bawbawgyi stūpa does resemble depictions of reliquaries in the art of Āndhra. It seems that the Bawbawgyi, which is hollow on the inside, as well as some other stūpa s and reliquaries of the Pyus are modeled on portable reliquaries from Āndhra, which might easily have been brought to their country. If it were possible to prove this hypothesis, it would provide us with solid evidence for early contact between the people of the Pyu and Āndhra countries.
41
Yang, Hui, and Huashan Sun. "Microfabrics, In Situ Trace Element Compositions of Pyrite, and the Sulfur Isotope Chemistry of Sulfides from the Xitieshan Pb-Zn Deposit, Qinghai Province, Northwest China: Analysis and Implications." Minerals 13, no. 12 (2023): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121549.
Full textAbstract:
The Xitieshan deposit, located in the central segment of the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, is among the largest massive Pb-Zn sulfide deposits in China. This deposit, along with its ore-bearing rock series known as the Tanjianshan Group, underwent greenschist facies metamorphism due to subsequent orogeny. We investigated the in situ sulfur isotopes of sulfides with different occurrences to define the origin of ore-forming fluids. The δ34S values of sulfides from stratiform ores, massive ores in schist, stockwork ores in marble, schist and discolored altered rocks that constitute a typical double-mineralization structure range from −5.3‰ to +5.6‰ and from −1.7‰ to +32‰, respectively, indicating distinct biological and thermochemical reductions in seawater sulfates. These are similar to the sulfur isotopic characteristics of VSHMS deposits. Pyrite, whose LA-ICP-MS trace element compositions can provide significant information about metallogenic evolution and deposit genesis, is ubiquitous throughout the whole mineralization process. In these stratiform, massive and stockwork ores, three pyrite types were identified: colloform pyrite (Py0), fine-grained anhedral spongy pyrite (Py1) and coarse-grained euhedral pyrite (Py2). The contents of most metallogenic elements, such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mo, Mn and Sn, decrease from Py0 to Py2 with the enhancement of metamorphic recrystallization. This suggests that the expelled elements appear as inclusions in primitive pyrite, contributing to the precipitation of new sulfide phases, such as sphalerite and galena. Orogenic metamorphism played an important role in controlling further Pb-Zn enrichment of the Xitieshan deposit. Moreover, there is another mineralization type, primarily occurring as sulfide veins in the undeformed Formation C siltstones of the Tanjianshan Group, which also crosscut early-formed sulfides, showing close-to-zero S isotopic compositions. In this mineralization type, pyrite (Py3) displays high Se/Tl (>10) and Co/Ni (>2.2) ratios, both indicating a minor superimposed post-orogenic magmatic–hydrothermal event.
42
Griffiths, Arlo, Bob Hudson, Marc Miyake, and Julian Wheatley. "Studies in Pyu Epigraphy, I: State of the Field, Edition and Analysis of the Kan Wet Khaung Mound Inscription, and Inventory of the Corpus." Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient 103, no. 1 (2017): 43–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/befeo.2017.6247.
Full text
43
Liljeblad, Jonathan, and Khin Thinn Thinn Oo. "World heritage sustainable development policy & local implementation: Site management issues using a case study of Sri Ksetra at Pyu ancient cities in Myanmar." Sustainable Development 28, no. 3 (2020): 468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.2037.
Full text
44
Sundarrajan, Vijay Anand, Carolin Nicole Marjon, and Baba Musta. "Micron to Nano Au Particles Incorporation in Different Stages of Pyrite, in Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia." Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 12, no. 1 (2025): 89–103. https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.12.1.89-103.
Full textAbstract:
In eastern Malaysia, Bau is the significant sediment hosted gold deposit (SHG), and Sarawak Province was the main gold (Au) producer in East Malaysia. The annual production rate was approximately 40 ̶ 50 metric tons of Au (high grade). The Bau mining is located 40 km SW of Kuching City, Sarawak. For the present study, around twenty-five samples were collected in the Au mineralized zones of Bau areas. The polished thin sections were prepared for mineral chemistry and fluid petrography analyses. The samples were studied through transmission microscope, Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA), and fluid inclusion studies. From ore petrography, four stages of pyrite were classified. The first generation of pyrite is the early stage of diagenetic pyrite (Py1), Py2 is subeuhedral pyrite, Py3 is zoned pyrite, and Py4 is post-diagenetic pyrite. The mineral chemistry of different stages of pyrite was measured through EPMA. However, it is worth noting that the concentrations of these trace elements in pyrite have decreased pre-diagenetic and post diagenetic stages. The precipitation of Au in the main stages of pyrite was mainly controlled by pyrite structure, fluid ligands, and the temperature of crystallization.
45
Wang, Ying, Ke Shi, Ze Zhong, et al. "Rb–Sr Pyrite Dating and S–Pb Isotopes in the Fang’an Gold Deposit, Wuhe Area, Eastern Anhui Province." Minerals 14, no. 4 (2024): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14040398.
Full textAbstract:
The Fang’an gold deposit in the Wuhe area, Anhui Province, is located in the area adjacent to the Bengbu Uplift and Wuhe Platform Depression in the southeastern part of North China. This study aimed to determine the deposit’s mineralization age and the source of its metallogenic materials and mineralization processes through investigations into its geological characteristics, Rb–Sr isotopes, and S–Pb isotopes. The orebodies of the Fang’an gold deposit in the Neoarchean Xigudui Formation primarily exhibit a vein-type structure. The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages: (i) the quartz stage (Py1); (ii) the quartz–pyrite stage (Py2); (iii) the polymetallic sulfide stage (Py3); and (iv) the carbonate stage. Of these, the main mineralization stage is also the main period in which gold mineralization occurs. In situ sulfur isotope results of pyrite (Py1 to Py3) in the first three mineralization stages, suggesting a contribution of sulfur from crust–mantle magmatic fluids. The δ34S values for Py2 (average 5.51‰) are higher than Py1 (average 4.45‰) and showed that the magmatic fluids mixed with meteoric waters. The δ34S values for Py3 (average 5.18‰) are lower than Py2 (average 5.51‰), revealing that it related fluid immiscibility. The lead isotopic compositions of sulfides within the ores possessed 206Pb/204Pb ratios ranging from 16.759 to 16.93, 207Pb/204Pb ratios ranging from 15.311 to 15.402, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios ranging from 37.158 to 37.548. These lead data were plotted close to the Xigudui Formation, relatively distant from the Mesozoic granites, indicating that the Xigudui Formation was the source of lead for the Late Mesozoic ores of the deposit. Taken together, due to the degassing of mantle-derived magma in the shallow parts of the crust, it can be determined that the sources of ore-forming sulfur and lead were crust–mantle magmatic activities in the Wuhe area. Rb–Sr dating of pyrite from Fang’an gold deposit reveals that the mineralization occurred at 126.89 ± 0.58 Ma. Considering the previous research into the dating of magmatic rocks in the Wuhe area, we propose that the genesis of the Fang’an gold deposit is closely associated with magmatic activities in the area at around 130 Ma.
46
Peng, Hong-Wei, Hong-Rui Fan, Xuan Liu, Bo-Jie Wen, Yong-Wen Zhang, and Kai Feng. "New Insights Into the Control of Visible Gold Fineness and Deposition: A Case Study of the Sanshandao Gold Deposit, Jiaodong, China." American Mineralogist 106, no. 1 (2021): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7475.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mineralogical distribution, textures, electron probe microanalysis of visible gold, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) trace element analysis of pyrite, and LA-multicollector (MC-)ICP-MS sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals are examined in an ore zone extending obliquely to –4 km depth in the Sanshandao gold deposit Jiaodong, China. We relate these results to the temporal and spatial ore-forming processes in the deposit to further elucidate the controls on the deposition of visible Au and fineness variation. Two generations of Au mineralization are identified. The early generation is represented by beresitization and quartz-pyrite veins in which visible Au grains are associated with pyrite (Py1 and Py2) and are characterized by high fineness [729–961; fineness = 1000×Au/(Au+Ag)]. Py1 and Py2 are both enriched in Co, Ni, and Bi and depleted in As and Au. Texturally, gold and pyrite are pristine crystals, homogeneous in composition. These features are attributed to the sulfidation of the granitic wallrock (fluid/rock interaction) that effectively destabilizes Au in the ore-forming fluids during pyrite deposition. Fineness decreases continuously from 870 at –2650 m depth to 752 at –420 m depth. The Co and Ni contents of Py1 and Py2 decrease significantly from –4000 m to –420 m depth, whereas the As contents increase. The mean δ34S values of Py1 increase from 10.5 to 11.8‰. The spatial variations are interpreted to be related to gradual cooling, decompression, and an enhanced degree of fluid/rock interaction with decreasing depth, which facilitated the initiation of visible gold mineralization at ca. –2700 m depth. The late generation of Au mineralization is represented by quartz-polysulfide veins in which visible Au grains are associated with multiple sulfide minerals (Py3, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite). It is characterized by low fineness (549–719), and heterogeneous textures with Ag-rich parts (218–421). Py3, occurring as the rim of pyrite grain, is interpreted to form by replacement via a dissolution-reprecipitation reaction. Py3 is distinctly enriched in As (median of 10 000 ppm) and Au (2.2 ppm), but depleted in Co, Ni, and Bi. The δ34S values of the polysulfide minerals decrease sharply by 4 to 5‰ at depths from –1909 to –1450 m. These features are interpreted to be generated by significant decompression and phase separation of fluid, where most ore elements (e.g., Au, Ag, As, and base metal elements) are destabilized. Our study suggests that remobilization did not affect the generation of visible Au mineralization at Sanshandao.
47
Sutkin, A. V., O. P. Vinkovskaya, and A. S. Krasnopevtseva. "Alien plants of the flora of Baikal Siberia - updating floristic data." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 22, no. 1 (2023): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023069.
Full textAbstract:
Information about composition of the alien fraction of the flora of Baikal Siberia (BS) is given, which includes 465 species and subspecies of alien plants belonging to 282 genera and 70 families. At the same time, the same number of alien species were noted in the Irkutsk region (IO) as in the Republic of Buryatia (RB) and Zabaikalsky krai (ZK) combined. Alien plants are extremely unevenly distributed over the territory of the BS, in some areas (the north of the RB and ZK) information on the location of adventitious species is completely absent. In terms of the number of recorded adventitious species and the number of observations of them, the area Pyu 5 is the leader on the territory of which there is a large transport hub - the city of Irkutsk. The floristic data on the occurrence and distribution of alien plant species in the BS regions were updated and detailed by floristic regions according to the literature data and using the portals GBIF. org (iNaturalist Research-grade Observation), iNaturalist.org. It was found that the division of the floristic regions of the BS according to the alien element of vascular flora occurred more in the longitudinal than in the latitudinal directions, similar western regions of the Irkutsk region and eastern regions of the Republic of Belarus and West Kazakhstan were distinguished. A cluster of similarities between floristic regions of the BS was built according to the adventitious flora element.
48
Nyunt, Nyunt Shwe. "The Social Life of Bagan Period." Dagon University Research Journal Vol.3, no. 2011 (2019): Pg.27–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542326.
Full textAbstract:
The City Arimaddanapura, 'the City of the Enemy Crusher', or Tampadipa 'the Land of Copper', some of the original names of the old Bagan used in the lithic inscriptions. In command of the Ayeyarwady River, sited just a few miles downstream from the great tributary the Chindwin, that flows down from India and Assam. Bagan stood midway between the delta trading ports of the Mons and the China road, between the river land overland routes to India, and the scattered trails that still weave through the hills to the east, to the remainder of South East Asia. Bagan was the crossroads for traders as well as armies. Bagan received not only a direct input of Indian artistic forms, from the mid-11th century onwards, but also an adapted version from the hands of pre-Bagan, Mon and Pyu kingdoms, whose cultural life had been incorporated into that of Bagan, before the rise of city to statehood. Influenced by Indian conception of statecraft and government brought to the emergent city power by Brahmans from India, no doubt attracted by the riches service to so great a state would bring, Bagan was to develop into an Empire under king Anawrahta (1044-1077 A.D.) and king Kyansitha (1084-1113 A.D.) and their successors. The social life of Bagan people can be seen in the fresco paintings, sculptures, stone reliefs, stucco, terracotta plaques and stone inscriptions at Bagan period temples, stupas, caves, ordination halls and monasteries.
49
Li, Chang-Ping, Jun-Feng Shen, Sheng-Rong Li, Yuan Liu, and Fu-Xing Liu. "In–Situ LA-ICP-MS Trace Elements Analysis of Pyrite and the Physicochemical Conditions of Telluride Formation at the Baiyun Gold Deposit, North East China: Implications for Gold Distribution and Deposition." Minerals 9, no. 2 (2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020129.
Full textAbstract:
The Baiyun gold deposit is located in the northeastern North China Craton (NCC) where major ore types include Si-K altered rock and auriferous quartz veins. Sulfide minerals are dominated by pyrite, with minor amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Combined petrological observations, backscattered electron image (BSE) and laser ablation analysis (LA-ICP-MS) have been conducted on pyrite to reveal its textural and compositional evolution. Three generations of pyrite can be identified—Py1, Py2 and Py3 from early to late. The coarse-grained, porous and euhedral to subhedral Py1 (mostly 200–500 μm) from the K-feldspar altered zone is the earliest. Compositionally, they are enriched in As (up to 11541 ppm) but depleted in Au (generally less than 10 ppm). The signal intensity of Au is higher than background values by two orders of magnitude and shows smooth spectra, indicating that invisible gold exists as homogeneously or nanoscale-inclusions in Py1. Anhedral to subhedral Py2 grains (generally ranging 500–1500 μm) coexist with other sulfides such as chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena in the early silicification stage (gray quartz). They have many visible gold grains and contain little amounts of invisible Au. Notably, visible gold has an affinity with micro-fractures formed due to late deformation, implying that native gold may have resulted from mobilization of preexisting invisible gold in the structure of Py2 grains. Subsequently Py3 occurs as very fine-grained disseminations of euhedral crystals (0.05–1 mm) in late silicification stage (milky quartz) and coexists with tellurides (e.g. petzite, calaverite and hessite). They contain the highest level of invisible gold with positive correlations between Au-Ag-Te. In the depth profiles of Py3, the smooth Au spectra mirror those of Te with high intensities, revealing that gold occurred as homogeneously/nanoscale-inclusions and submicroscopic Au-bearing telluride inclusions in pyrite grains. The high Te and low As in Py3, combined with high Au content, imply that invisible gold can be efficiently scavenged by Te. Abundant tellurides (petzite, calaverite and hessite) have been recognized in auriferous quartz veins. Lack of symbiosis sulfides with the tellurium assemblages indicates crystallization under low fS2 and/or high fTe2 conditions and coincides with the result of thermodynamic calculations. High and markedly variable Co (from 0.24 to 2763 ppm, average 151.9 ppm) and Ni (from 1.16 to 4102 ppm, average 333.1 ppm) values suggest that ore-forming fluid may originate from a magmatically-derived hydrothermal system. Combined with previous geochronological data, the textural and compositional evolution of pyrite indicates that the Baiyun gold deposit has experienced a prolonged history of mineralization. In the late Triassic (220,230 Ma), the magmatic hydrothermal fluids, which had affinity with the post-collisional extensional tectonics on the NCC northern margin, caused initial gold enrichment. Then, as a result of deformation or the addition of new hydrothermal fluids, visible gold-rich Py2 was formed. The upwelling of mantle–derived magma brought in a lot of Te-rich ore-forming hydrothermal fluids during the peak of the destruction of the NCC (~120 Ma). Amount of visible/invisible gold and Au-Ag-Te mineral assemblages precipitated from these mineralized fluids when the physical and chemical conditions changed.
50
Norman, K. R. "The ancient Pyu of Burma. Volume one. Early Pyu cities in a man-made landscape. By Janice Stargardt. pp. xxix, 416, 135 figs. 16 pl., 3 aerial photographs of sites and 3 associated archaeological maps in pocket. Cambridge, Publications on Ancient Civilisations in South East Asia (PACSEA) in association with the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Singapore, 1990. £47.00 (cloth), £27.00 (paperback)." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 2, no. 1 (1992): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300002170.
Full text