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Journal articles on the topic 'Q Switched Nd: YAG'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 9 July 2025

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1

Lee, So Yeon, Hye Ran Kim, Jin Seo Park, et al. "The Efficacy and Safety of a Low-Fluence 1064 nm Picosecond ND-YAG Laser Compared with Those of a Low-Fluence Photoacoustic Therapy Pulsed (PTP) Mode 1064 nm Q-Switched ND-YAG Laser for Treatment of Melasma: A Prospective Split-Face Study." Dermatologic Therapy 2023 (June 26, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5961152.

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Melasma is a challenging pigmentation disorder to treat, and although low-fluence 1064 nm picosecond ND-YAG lasers have shown potential for treating benign pigmented disorders, data on the use of this laser for melasma treatment are currently insufficient. In this prospective split-face study, twenty-four patients with melasma on the face were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive treatment on one side of the face either with a low-fluence 1064 nm picosecond ND-YAG laser or with a low-fluence PTP mode 1064 nm Q-switched ND-YAG laser. Laser treatment was performed 5 times at intervals of 2 weeks, with evaluation conducted before each treatment and 2 months after the completion of 5 treatments. Clinical pictures using a standardized, digital photographic system and dermoscopy were taken on each day of the visit. The modified melasma area severity index (mMASI), melanin index (MI), dermoscopic scores of the pigmentary and vascular elements in melasma, pain during laser treatment, and patient satisfaction score were recorded. Twenty-one participants completed the study, and from week 2 in both groups, a significant decrease in mMASI and MI were confirmed. Although no statistically significant difference was observed, the decrease in mMASI and MI were greater in the 1064 nm picosecond ND-YAG laser group than in the 1064 nm Q-switched ND-YAG laser group. The 1064 nm picosecond ND-YAG laser group showed significant improvement in the pseudoreticular network and globular pattern of dermoscopic features between week 0 and week 16, while significant improvement in the globular pattern was shown in the 1064 nm Q-switched ND-YAG laser group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the patient satisfaction score and pain during laser treatments. Notably, no adverse events were observed in either group. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that a low-fluence 1064 nm picosecond ND-YAG laser is as effective and safe in the treatment of melasma as a low-fluence PTP mode 1064 nm Q-switched ND-YAG laser.
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2

Al-Bakaa, Muhammad K., Muhsin A. Al-Dhalimi, Prabhatchandra Dube, and Fatimah K. Khalaf. "Evaluating the Roles of Different Types of Laser Therapy in Becker’s Nevus Treatment." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (2022): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144230.

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Becker’s nevus (BN) is a cutaneous hamartoma of benign nature that develops through adolescence and affects mostly young men. The nevus is usually located unilaterally and is characterized by hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, no effective treatment has been established for BN hyperpigmentation. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm and Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm lasers in the treatment of BN hyperpigmentation. Twenty-three patients with BN were included in a prospective, randomized-controlled, observer-blinded, split-lesion comparative technique trial. In each patient, two similar square test regions were randomized to either be treated with a fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm laser or with a Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser. Each patient was treated with three sessions at six-week intervals. At the follow-up, clearance of hyperpigmentation was assessed by physician global assessment, visual analogue scale, grade of improvement, patient global assessment, and patient satisfaction. Regions treated with the fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm laser demonstrated significantly better improvement compared to ones treated with the Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm (p-value = 0.001) laser. Adverse effects such as repigmentation and hypertrophic scarring were not reported during the follow-up period. The outcomes were cosmetically acceptable with overall high satisfaction among the included patients. Our data suggest a superior role for the fractional Erbium: YAG (2940 nm) laser in the treatment of BN hyperpigmentation compared to the Q-switched Nd: YAG (1064 nm) laser, along with being a safer method and having no reported side effects.
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3

S, Shwetha, Leelavathy B, and Kavya K. "A comparative study of 30% Trichloroacetic acid chemical peel with Q switched Nd-YAG laser 1064nm in the treatment of Macular amyloidosis." IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 8, no. 3 (2022): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijced.2022.034.

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Macular amyloidosis (MA) is the subtlest of the cutaneous varieties of amyloidosis. In general, the treatment of MA is disappointing. Hence, this study was aimed at comparing the two treatment modalities for the same. To compare the efficacy of 30% TCA chemical peel with Q switched Nd-YAG laser 1064nm in the treatment of macular amyloidosis. 50 patients of MA attending our Dermatology outpatient department were enrolled in the study. The study involved application of 30% TCA in 25 patients at an interval of 2 weeks for 10 sittings and Q switched Nd-YAG laser 1064 in 25 patients at an interval of 1 month for 5 sittings. Digital photographs were taken before treatment and then periodically. The response was graded percentage of reduction in pigmentation both by the patient and the observer. The patients were followed up for 5 months post treatment for recurrence. Both TCA peel and Q switched Nd-Yag laser 1064nm were effective in the treatment of macular amyloidosis. switched Nd-Yag laser 1064nm showed better response compared to TCA peel at the end of the treatment, both by subjective and objective methods and in terms of less number of sittings and fewer side effects. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).No permanent side effects were seen in any of the treated patients and the improvement was sustained without any relapse at 5 months except in one patient in the peel group. Both these treatment modalities are effective and safe in the treatment of MA. Q switched Nd-Yag laser 1064nm was found to be marginally superior to TCA peel.
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4

Abdulwaahb, Hala Mahmood, Bassam G. Rasheed, and Hanadi H. Altawil. "Deposition of MgO Nanoparticles by Laser Pyrolysis." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 25, no. 1 (2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.25010020.

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Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were deposited by laser pyrolysis process. Three types of lasers were employed CW CO2, Q-switched Nd-YAG (short pulses) and long pulses Nd-YAG lasers. The size and density of nanoparticles vary with laser energy, power, pulse duration and the scanning speed of the laser. In this method, MgO nanoparticles were deposited by a laser beam on a quartz substrate from aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate. AFM images reveal formation of small nanoparticle size of 24.5 nm with surface roughness 6.97nm by Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (10 ns) when the energy was 1J. While for CO2 laser, the smallest size was 18.8 nm at 0.4mm/s scanning speed with surface roughness 5.21nm at the same scanning speed. Moreover, long Nd-YAG pulses laser produces relatively larger average size of 37.5nm at 0.8ms pulse duration. The absorption spectra from UV-Visible spectroscopy were also conducted. The best absorption intensity was obtained at a wavelength ranging between 420-430 nm for both lasers. Finally, Thermal analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics software for the deposition process reveals that maximum temperature about 440Kfor Q-Switched Nd-YAG laser at 1J laser energy. While for RF CO2 laser, the maximum temperature obtained at 0.4mm/s scanning speed is 850K.This work provides a good knowledge for the deposition of nanoparticles using laser beams.
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5

Saiki, T., N. Hirota, S. Kanemori, and Y. Iida. "Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Nd/Cr:YAG Ceramic Pulse Laser." International Journal of Optics 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4084587.

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A mode-locked and Q-switched short pulse laser using the Nd3+/Cr3+:YAG ceramic has been constructed with a SESAM and Cr4+:YAG crystal optical switch based on excite state absorption (ESA). Laser oscillations of the pulse laser were observed experimentally. The Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic laser has a high conversion efficiency from white light (such as lamp light or solar light) to the laser. The Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic has a higher laser gain than the Nd:YAG laser for the same pumping power. The laser oscillation can be obtained very easily. A single-mode-locked laser pulse with fast modulation on the order of 100 ps was obtained in some pump power regimes when using the Cr4+:YAG crystal. The obtained pulse duration of the short pulse was a few hundred ps. A maximum peak power of 60 kW was obtained when using a SESAM. The same level of peak power (60 kW) was also obtained when using the Cr4+:YAG crystal.
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6

PENDEKANTI, VENKATA SAI GIREESH, LATHA Dr.M.MADHAVI, and Dr.T.PRAVEENA. "EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF Q-SWITCHED Nd: YAG LASER IN FACIAL MELANOSES IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE: A PROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY." International Journal of Scientific Development and Research 9, no. 7 (2024): 920–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12805833.

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BACKGROUND: Hypermelanoses involving predominantly face and neck is relatively common with significant cosmetic   disfigurement and psychosocial impact. Altered facial pigmentation can be black, blue or brown in colour depending upon the distribution of   of melanin pigmentation. Q-switched Nd: YAG laser is effective in resistant facial melanoses.  AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the Efficacy and safety of Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser in treatment of various facial melanoses.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 60 patients were treated with Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser with spot size 4-6mm, fluency 2.5-3.4 J/cm2, frequency 5-10 Hz for 6 sessions. A detailed clinical history and examination were done. Standardized global photographs taken using digital camera before each laser session and end of 3 months. Clinical improvement was assessed according to physicians global assessment and side effects are noted. RESULTS: Majority of patients had post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (n=37) followed by Melasma (n=13) Freckles (n=5), Nevus of Ota (n=3), Lichen Planus Pigmentosus(n=2). On comparison of pigmentation from the baseline, 56% of patients showed moderate improvement, slight improvement was seen in 33% of patients, while 28% experienced no improvement. Adverse effects such as transient burning sensation, pain, erythema occurred in 10 patients of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation and 5 patients of Melasma, Mottled hypopigmentation observed in 1 patient of Nevus of Ota.  CONCLUSION Q-switched Nd: YAG laser is safe and effective mode of treatment for pigmented lesions. The QS-Nd: YAG laser is effective and worth trying in conditions such as PIH, Melasma and  freckles. The response after multiple sessions was variable in Freckles, Naevus of Ota. Adjunctive measures to maintain this response need to be explored in the near future.
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7

Nugrahani, Aninda Fitri, and Sinta Murlistyarini. "Mixed-Type Melasma Treated with Low Fluence Q-Switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm Laser: A Case Report." Indonesian Journal of Medicine 5, no. 2 (2020): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.v5i2.270.

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Background: Melasma is an acquired, chro­nic hypermelanosis condition. Melasma is more common in women of all races and occur espe­cially on the face. The pathogenesis of melasma is very complex and the treatment is still a challenge. The purpose of this study was to report mixed-type melasma treated with low fluence Q-switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm laser.Case Presentation: A case of melasma in 54 year old woman was reported. Dermatological examination showed presence of brownish macules and patches in the centro facial area with symmetrical distribution. Examination with wood lamp showed mixed type. Patients have received topical therapy but there were no improvement.Results: The patient was then treated with low fluence Q-switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm laser for three sessions with an interval of 2 weeks. At 6 weeks of treatment the modified MASI (mMASI) value was reduced from 8.4 to 4.6 and the VAS value was increased from 2 to 8.Conclusion: The depth of the pigment deter­mined the response to therapy. In the mixed type melasma the response for therapy is only partial. The low-fluence Q-switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm laser can penetrate deeper into the dermis and damage melanin in a short time.Keywords: mixed typed melasma, low fluence, Q-switched Nd-YAG laserCorrespondence: Aninda Fitri Nugrahani. Department of Derma­tology and Venereology, DR. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java/ Faculty of Medi­cine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java. Email: aninda16fitri@gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(02): 95-101https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.02.01
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8

Nugrahani, Aninda Fitri, and Sinta Murlistyarini. "Mixed-Type Melasma Treated with Low Fluence Q-Switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm Laser: A Case Report." Indonesian Journal of Medicine 5, no. 2 (2020): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.5.2.270.

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Background: Melasma is an acquired, chro­nic hypermelanosis condition. Melasma is more common in women of all races and occur espe­cially on the face. The pathogenesis of melasma is very complex and the treatment is still a challenge. The purpose of this study was to report mixed-type melasma treated with low fluence Q-switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm laser.Case Presentation: A case of melasma in 54 year old woman was reported. Dermatological examination showed presence of brownish macules and patches in the centro facial area with symmetrical distribution. Examination with wood lamp showed mixed type. Patients have received topical therapy but there were no improvement.Results: The patient was then treated with low fluence Q-switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm laser for three sessions with an interval of 2 weeks. At 6 weeks of treatment the modified MASI (mMASI) value was reduced from 8.4 to 4.6 and the VAS value was increased from 2 to 8.Conclusion: The depth of the pigment deter­mined the response to therapy. In the mixed type melasma the response for therapy is only partial. The low-fluence Q-switched Nd-YAG 1064 nm laser can penetrate deeper into the dermis and damage melanin in a short time.Keywords: mixed typed melasma, low fluence, Q-switched Nd-YAG laserCorrespondence: Aninda Fitri Nugrahani. Department of Derma­tology and Venereology, DR. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java/ Faculty of Medi­cine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java. Email: aninda16fitri@gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(02): 95-101https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.02.01
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9

AN, JING, SHENGZHI ZHAO, GUIQIU LI, et al. "LASER-DIODE END-PUMPED DOUBLY PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED INTRACAVITY-FREQUENCY-DOUBLING Nd:YVO4/KTP GREEN LASER WITH Cr4+:YAG AND GaAs SATURABLE ABSORBERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 02 (2011): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211056743.

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Doubly passively Q-switched Nd : YVO 4/ KTP green lasers with Cr 4+: YAG and GaAs saturable absorbers have been realized. Different small-signal transmissions T0 of Cr 4+: YAG are used and when T0 = 0.71, the highest average output power can be generated by the doubly passively Q-switched green laser. The experimental results reveal that the output characteristics of doubly passively Q-switched green lasers depend on the small-signal transmissions of two saturable absorbers. The suitable small-signal transmissions of two saturable absorbers should be reasonably chosen to meet the needs of applications.
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10

Ahmad, Naim, Vineet Relhan, Kapil Arora, Swati Gupta, and Tarang Goyal. "Comparative Evaluation OFQ Switched Nd YAG alone vs Combination of Q Switched Nd YAG and CO2 Laser IN Tattoo Removal." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 12 (2024): 811–14. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr241208214951.

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11

Feng, Yan, Jianren Lu, Kazunori Takaichi, et al. "Passively Q-switched ceramic Nd^3+:YAG/Cr^4+:YAG lasers." Applied Optics 43, no. 14 (2004): 2944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.43.002944.

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12

Parul, Goyal, Singh Rana Gurveer, Grewal Lamya, Godara Fanish, Rathore Vasav, and Sood Anurag. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Q: Switched Nd: Yag LASER in Onychomycosis." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 11 (2024): 1447–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14494025.

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<strong>Background:</strong>&nbsp;Onychomycosis (OM) is a slow-growing nail fungal infection that if left untreated, may result in the total loss of the nail plate. Oral and topical antifungal therapy are usually prescribed to patients for treating onychomycosis. Non-pharmacological therapeutic techniques such photodynamic therapy, diode lasers, long pulse and Q switched-Nd-YAG LASER, and fractional CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;lasers have recently become popular for treating the OM.&nbsp;<strong>Objective:</strong>&nbsp;This study was conducted with the aim to study the safety and efficacy of Q switched Nd: Yag LASER in OM.&nbsp;<strong>Methodology:</strong>&nbsp;Total 130 nails from 11 PAS positive onychomycosis patients were selected based upon the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each nail received 4 sessions for fingernails and 6 sessions for toe nails of Q-switched Nd-Yag LASER (nanosecond pulse) therapy at 2 weekly intervals. In each session three passes were given at a gap of 30 seconds. Evaluation by OSI was carried out before starting therapy and then every 2 weeks for 3 months and then monthly till end point of therapy.&nbsp;<strong>Results:</strong>&nbsp;The mean age of the patients was 45.09 &plusmn; 12.06 years with a predominance of females (63.63%). The mean size of the infected area was 4.63 &plusmn; 1.02 mm. The morphology of the nail indicates DLSO in 44 (33.85%) nails, endonyx in 19 (14.62%) nails, PSOM in 37 (28.46%) nails, and WSO in 30 (23.08%) nails. The mean OSI exhibited a significant linear declining trend over the increasing number of therapy sessions.&nbsp;<strong>Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp;In patients with onychomycosis, we think the Q Switched Nd: YAG (1064 nm) laser is a safe therapy option. It may be especially advised for people who are contraindicated or who would prefer not to use oral antifungals. Nonetheless, we believe that in order to be effective, lengthier follow-up times and sessions may be required. &nbsp; &nbsp;
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13

Cong Zhenhua, 丛振华, 张行愚 Zhang Xingyu, 王青圃 Wang Qingpu, 李述涛 Li Shutao, 陈晓寒 Chen Xiaohan, and 张晓磊 Zhang Xiaolei. "Actively Q-Switched Intracavity Nd∶YAG/GdVO4 Raman Laser." Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, no. 1 (2009): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093601.0019.

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14

A.Shadood, Sara, Abdul-Kareem Mahdi Salih, and Rasool Asal. "Effect of Saturable Absorber Length on Characteristics of Dual Laser Pulses of Passive Q-Switched." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 11, no. 1 (2024): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v11i1.1151.

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The effect of saturable absorber material length on the characteristics of the dual passive Q-switching pulses generated from two wavelengths ( and ) instead of single wavelength was simulated. Numerical solution of our previous rate equations model using Rung-Kutta-Fahelberg method has been utilized in simulation. Nd+3 :YAG using as an active medium, and Cr+4:YAG as a saturable absorber material. The results showed that the Nd+3:YAG dual passive Q-switching generated or released at an advanced(earlier) time and characterized by short duration times, high energy and high power with the increasing in the value of . The passive Q-switching for , are released respectively at time 58ns, 60 ns approximately at , while released at time 34 ns, 36 ns respectively approximately at . The duration time of , pulses approximate to 16.8ns, 14.6 ns respectively at , while approximate to 10.8 ns ,9.2 ns respectively at .
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15

Li Bin, 李斌, 丁欣 Ding Xin, 孙冰 Sun Bing, et al. "Laser-Diode-Pumped Coaxial Double Crystals Nd∶YAG/Nd∶YVO4Cr∶YAG Passively Q-Switched Laser." Chinese Journal of Lasers 42, no. 4 (2015): 0402003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201542.0402003.

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16

Kasai, Ken-ichiro. "Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser Treatment for Nevus of Ota." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 16, Supplement (1995): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.16.supplement_309.

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17

TAN Xue-chun, 谭雪春, 武志超 WU Zhi-chao, and 梁柱 LIANG Zhu. "670 nm Electro-optical Q-switched Nd∶YAG Ceramic Laser." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 40, no. 1 (2011): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20114001.0083.

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18

Dai, Q., Y. Geng, Y. J. Liu, and Y. Q. Li. "Single LD Pumped Nd: YAG Intra-Cavity Frequency Doubling Blue Pulse Lasers." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.159.

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To design and achieve a 473nm Q-switched blue laser, with single LD side-pumping structure, this dissertation firstly made 946nm operation of quasi-three-level system possible. After inserting the frequency doubling crystal-LBO and the passively Q-switched crystal-Cr: YAG into the laser cavity, the 473nm blue laser output was obtained at high repetition. When pumped currency reaches 4A, laser pulses of 25ns are generated with average power of 0.11w, repetition rate of 8.3 KHz which satisfies many applications’ requirements.
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19

Nisticò, Steven Paul, Mario Sannino, Gaia Fasano, et al. "Fractional Q-Switched 1064 nm Laser for Treatment of Atrophic Scars in Asian Skin." Medicina 58, no. 9 (2022): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091190.

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Background and Objectives: Asian patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III-IV are a less studied subtype of patients in the medical literature. Q-Switched, 1064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser with a fractionated beam profile (QSF) is a new modality that was reported to be effective in the treatment of scars. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QSF Nd: YAG laser in treating scars in Asian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 29 Subjects were treated with 1064 nm QSF laser. Each patients had three treatments with a fractionated microlens array handpiece every 8 weeks). Efficacy of treatment was evaluated using the Goodman and Baron’s quantitative grading scale before and 3 months after the last treatment. Results: All 29 patients treated had significant improvement of acne scars according to Goodman and Baron’s Quantitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System. No side effect has been observed except some minor erythematous reactions in three patients. Conclusions: Our results confirm that the 1064 nm QSF Nd: YAG laser is a safe and effective technique for treating scars in Asians.
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XIE Shi-yong, 谢仕永, 王久旺 WANG Jiu-wang, 孙. 勇. SUN Yong, et al. "VCSEL end-pumped high-energy Q-switched Nd∶YAG laser." Optics and Precision Engineering 28, no. 3 (2020): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20202803.0558.

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Sarda, Aarti, Vijay Zawar, and Abhishek De. "Clearance of recalcitrant onychomycosis following Q-switched Nd-Yag laser." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 10, no. 4 (2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcas.jcas_18_17.

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Lanigan, S. W. "Failure of Q-switched Nd/YAG laser to repigment vitiligo." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 21, no. 3 (1996): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00078.x.

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23

MATSUBARA, Shinichi, Sakae KAWATO, Tatsuya MATSUMURA, Katsuaki TAKEUCHI, and Takao KOBAYASHI. "Frequency Stabilized Single-Mode Q-Switched Nd: YAG Ring Laser." Review of Laser Engineering 34, no. 12 (2006): 838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.34.838.

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24

Bai Ruxue, 白如雪, 林海枫 Lin Haifeng, 张莉珍 Zhang Lizhen, 陈玮冬 Chen Weidong, 林州斌 Lin Zhoubin, and 张戈 Zhang Ge. "Actively Q-Switched Intracavity Nd∶YAG/m-LaVO4 Raman Laser." Chinese Journal of Lasers 45, no. 9 (2018): 0901003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201845.0901003.

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LIU Yu-qian, 刘宇乾, 张. 贺. ZHANG He, 金. 亮. JIN Liang, et al. "Compact quasi continuous pumped Nd∶YAG Q-switched solid laser." Chinese Optics 12, no. 2 (2019): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/co.20191202.0413.

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He, Guang S., Yiping Cui, Jayant D. Bhawalkar, Paras N. Prasad, and Dilip D. Bhawalkar. "Intracavity upconversion lasing within a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser." Optics Communications 133, no. 1-6 (1997): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(96)00429-4.

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27

Lugomer, S., M. Stipančić, and M. Kerenović. "Metal surface topography generated by Q-switched Nd: YAG laser." Vacuum 40, no. 1-2 (1990): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(90)90191-z.

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28

CISNEROS, J. L., R. DEL RIO, and J. PALOU. "The Q-switched Neodymium (Nd):YAG Laser with Quadruple Frequency." Dermatologic Surgery 24, no. 3 (1998): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04165.x.

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29

Tassignon, Marie-José, Nicolaas Stempels, and Luc Van Mulders. "Retrohyaloid premacular hemorrhage treated by Q-switched Nd-YAG laser." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 227, no. 5 (1989): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02172895.

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Kaliyadan, Feroze, and AD Dharmaratnam. "Q-switched Nd: YAG in the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 3, no. 2 (2010): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.69030.

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Cao, Thị Thúy Vân. "NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ TÀN NHANG BẰNG LASER Q-SWITCHED ND: YAG KẾT HỢP BÔI TRI-WHITE SERUM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ NĂM 2021-2022". Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ, № 56 (30 січня 2023): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.58490/ctump.2023i56.513.

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Đặt vấn đề: Tàn nhang là tình trạng rối loạn sắc tố điển hình biểu hiện bằng các đốm hình tròn có màu nâu sẫm hoặc nhạt trên mặt mà đặc biệt là trên má, có thể xuất hiện trên mọi loại da và gây ảnh hưởng nhiều đến thẩm mỹ của bệnh nhân. Hiện nay có nhiều phương pháp để điều trị tàn nhang. Tuy nhiên, hiệu quả điều trị khi sử dụng laser Q-switched Nd: YAG kết hợp bôi Tri-white Serum vẫn chưa được biết rõ. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, một số yếu tố liên quan và đánh giá kết quả điều trị tàn nhang bằng laser Q-switched Nd: YAG kết hợp bôi Tri-white Serum tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang trên 70 bệnh nhân điều trị tàn nhang tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ từ tháng 4/2021-4/2022. Kết quả: 100% bệnh nhân đến điều trị là nữ giới, độ tuổi trung bình 35,04 ± 8,148, thời gian mắc bệnh trung bình là 6,06 ± 2,963 năm. Vị trí phân bố đa số tập trung ở mũi má (78,6%). Kết thúc quá trình điều trị tỷ lệ cải thiện rất tốt và tốt là 80%. Các tác dụng không mong muốn không kéo dài và tăng sắc tố sau viêm ghi nhận trên 7,1% trường hợp. Kết luận: Phối hợp laser Q-switched Nd: YAG 532nm và bôi Tri-white Serum là lựa chọn an toàn và hiệu quả trong điều trị tàn nhang.
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Karn, D., S. KC, A. Amatya, EA Razouria, M. Timalsina, and A. Suwal. "Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Therapy for Pigmented Skin Lesions: Efficacy and Safety." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (2013): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7343.

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Background Nepalese population with Fitzpatrick skin types III-V has high prevalence of pigmentary disorders and it is a growing cosmetic concern. Q-Switched Neodymium- Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (QS Nd-YAG) laser is an efficacious tool in the treatment of pigment disorders. Objective To highlight the efficacy and safety profile of various pigment disorders. Methods A prospective study done in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital from January 2009 to January 2011. Patients undergoing laser for pigmented skin lesions were followed for response and safety profile. We included total 270 patients in the study with various disorders especially nevus, tattoos and melasma. Settings were repeated at 3-4 weeks interval and response was evaluated on clinical basis. Efficacy was then evaluated according to various parameters. Results For nevus, total 840 treatment sessions had been performed with an average of 6.88 sessions (range 3-11). Nd: YAG laser was very efficacious in removal of blue and black colored tattoos with an average of 7.9 and 9.5 sessions respectively. However, red mixed with blue and or green tattoos were relatively resistant to treatment and required average 10.33 treatment sessions. Melasma and freckles both responded to the therapy but recurrence rate was high. Conclusion Our results indicate that QS Nd: YAG laser is an effective modality for pigment disorders among Nepalese population. Nevus and melasma respond well but recurrence rate of melasma is high. Blue tattoos respond well while mixed colored tattoos are quite resistant to Nd: YAG laser alone. Transient pain and temporary hyperpigmentation are common side effects. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | Vol.10 | No. 2 | Issue 38 | Apr – June 2012 | Page 46-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7343
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Buryy, O. A., S. B. Ubiszkii, S. S. Melnyk, and A. O. Matkovskii. "The Q-switched Nd : YAG and Yb : YAG microchip lasers optimization and comparative analysis." Applied Physics B 78, no. 3-4 (2004): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1367-4.

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A. Al Muslet, Nafie, Mohammadi Hassan Mohammadi, and Abdel Karim Babiker Haroun. "Utilization of Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser in Cutting Acrylic Sheets." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 3, no. 1 (2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v3i1.78.

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In this work, a Q – switched Nd:YAG laser is used to cut different thicknesses of acrylic sheets with different cutting speeds and laser repetition rates. The obtained results for the transparent sheets show clearly that it is difficult to cut these sheets completely, this is due to the fact that most of the laser power will be transmitted through them, while some will be absorbed causing the heat affected zone (HAZ), which is inversely proportional to the cutting speed. On the other hand, cutting of the black sheets, using the same laser parameters showed that the depth of cut is inversely proportional to the cutting speed and the cutting process is easy. The results showed, also, a linear relation between laser repetition rate and cutting depth. Higher laser repetition rates resulted in an increase in the depth of cut and vice versa.
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Majid, Imran, and Saher Imran. "Depigmentation therapy with Q-switched Nd: YAG laser in universal vitiligo." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 6, no. 2 (2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.112670.

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Chen, Y. F., and Y. P. Lan. "Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd : YAG laser at 1123 nm." Applied Physics B 79, no. 1 (2004): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-004-1526-2.

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Hussein, Alyaa, and Hadder M. Abdullah. "Investigate Indian Costus Plasma Parameters using Q-Switched Laser Nd: YAG." Iraqi Journal of Physics 21, no. 1 (2023): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1083.

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The Indian costus plasma properties are investigated including electron temperature (Te), "electron density (ne)", "plasma frequency (fp)", " Debye sphere length", and amount of Debye(Nd), using the spectrum of optical emission technique. There are several energies used, with ranging from 300 to 600 mJ. The Boltzmann Plot is used to calculate the temperature; where as Stark's Line Broadening is used to calculate the electron density. The Indian costus was spectroscopically examined in the air with the laser at 10 cm away from the target and the optical fiber at 0.5 cm away. The results were obtained for an electron temperature range of (1.8-2.2) electron volts (ev) and a wavelength range of (300-600) nm. The XRF analysis reveals that the Indian costus contains a variety of minerals, each with a different percentage, which explains why the optical emission spectrum has so many peaks. When the laser energy is (between 300 and 600 mJ) the "optical emission spectroscopy (OES) "has been used to analyze the plasma spectrum of the Indian costus in the air. The results shows that as the laser energy grew, the amount of Debye will be greater i-e (Nd) &gt;&gt;&gt;1, which is one of the plasma properties.
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A.A. Imrigha, Dr Nada, Dr Noriah Bidin, Dr Pik Suan Lau, and Dr Hazri Bakhtiar. "Wound treatment Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser tattoo removal rat model by Photobiomodulation Therapy PBMT." مجلة المنارة العلمية, no. 5 (November 10, 2023): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37376/asj.vi5.4129.

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The Q-switched laser method is the most effective method of tattoo removal compared to other methods of i.e. chemical, mechanical and surgical. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Nd:YAG laser to remove the tattoo and also to utilize 808 nm diode laser to enhance the wound healing at post-treatment. Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm is applied to remove tattoo pigment with different energy fluencies. Additionally, 808 nm diode laser will be applied on wound created after tattoo removal to enhance the healing process. More than 15 Sprague Dawley rats will be involved and tattooed with black inks on their back by a tattoo gun. A single session treatment is use in the energy about 400mj for tattoo removal. The exposure to diode laser treatment will be conducted daily. The experimental observation will be hold for 9 days, and 5 rats from each group will be sacrificed on day 3, 6 and 9 respectively. The skin biopsy will be removed for H&amp;E and Masson’s trichrome histology examination. The effect of tattoo removal and healing progress of skin analyzed via photothermal.. The preliminary findings of this study indicate that 1064 nm wavelengths of Q-switched Nd-YAG laser treatment with 400mj pulse energy exhibit significant progress of black tattoo removal.
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Gao Xuheng, 高旭恒, and 吴立志 Wu Lizhi. "Passively Q-Switched Solid State Monolithic Laser Based on Composite Nd∶YAG/Cr∶YAG Crystal." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 56, no. 6 (2019): 061401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop56.061401.

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Sandu, O., G. Salamu, N. Pavel, et al. "High-peak power, passively Q-switched, composite, all-polycrystalline ceramic Nd : YAG/Cr4+:YAG lasers." Quantum Electronics 42, no. 3 (2012): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2012v042n03abeh014745.

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AL Saad, Athir M., and Abd Alkhaliq S. Abdullah. "Tattoo Removal using (1064 nm and 532 nm) Q-Switched Nd: YAG Laser." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 59, no. 3 (2017): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.59387.

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Background: A tattoo is a foreign material implanted into the dermis by needle or some other trauma thatresults in a visible mark in the skin .either decorative or cosmetic tattoos or may be traumatic tattoosresulting from car accident or iatrogenic tattoos placed in radiation ports. There are many ways for tattooremoval one of them is laser treatment by Q-Switched (1064 nm and 532 nm) Nd: YAG Laser.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Q-Switched Nd: YAG (1064 &amp;532 nm) Laser in treatment of tattoos.Patient and Method: Nineteen lesions of tattoo in different body sites in nine patients collected in privateplastic surgery clinic in Baghdad from 1st of September 2010 till end of February 2011 treated by QSwitchedNd: YAG Laser with energy density 8.5 J/cm2 and multiple sessions of treatment up to five with to 6weeks interval.Results: The response of tattoo to laser treatment was variable from patient to patient and from session tosession of same tattoo. In general the results were encouraging in majority of lesions except in 5 lesions inwhich ink has been used for tattooing introduced so deep by manual pricking with needle.Conclusion: switch Nd-YAG laser is a safe and effective option for tattoo removal&#x0D; لمقدمة: الوشم عبارة عن مادة غريبة تدخل في أدمة الجلد بواسطة وغز أبرة او أي شدة خارجية اخرى فتنتج علامة في الجلد، وتستخدم لغرض الديكور او الجمالية واحيانا تكون ناتجة عن حادثة طريق واحيانا أخرى نقوم بعمل الوشم لأسباب علاجية مثل تحديد الأماكن المحتاجة الى تسليط علاج أشعاعي.&#x0D; هنالك طرق عدة لأزالة الوشم و واحدة من هذه الطرق هو ازالة الوشم باستخدام كيو سوج (1064نانو متر، 532 نانو متر) اندي ياك ليزر.&#x0D; اهداف الدراسة:- هو تقييم فعالية كيو سوج (1064نانو متر، 532 نانو متر) اندي ياك ليزر في ازالة الوشم ومدى سلامته.&#x0D; ألأساليب :- تسع عشرة حالة وشم في اماكن متعددة لجسم تسعة ذكور تمت معالجتها بكيو سوج (1064نانو متر، 532 نانو متر) اندي ياك ليزر بطاقة 8,5 جول لكل سنتمتر مربع عدة جلسات قد تصل الى خمسة جلسات وبين جلسة واخرى على الاقل ثلاثة اسابيع وقد تصل الى ستة.&#x0D; النتائج:- كانت النتائج متباينة من شخص الى شخص ومن وشم الى وشم لنفس الشخص ومن جلسة واخرى لنفس الوشم , بصورة عامة كانت النتائج مشجعة بأستثناء خمسة حالات كان الوشم فيها قد عمل بواسطة وغز يدوي مع الحبر الملون.&#x0D; الأستنتاج:- ان كيو سوج (1064نانو متر، 532 نانو متر) اندي ياك ليزر فعال وخيار أمين لازالة الوش&#x0D;
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Koromyslov, A. L., I. M. Tupitsyn, and E. A. Cheshev. "Dual-wavelength Q-switched laser based on a lens-shaped Nd : YAG active element and a Cr4+ : YAG passive Q-switch." Quantum Electronics 49, no. 2 (2019): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel16816.

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43

Jiang, Man, Zhao Yu Ren, Yu Ping Zhang, et al. "Passive Q-Switching with Graphene Saturable Absorber in Nd:YAG Operating at 1064nm." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 700–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.700.

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A graphene-PVA film is fabricated by using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), which provides excellent mechanical property and easy operation. Based on the numerous advantages of graphene in optical and mechanical characteristics,Graphene was used as absorber with passively Q-switched Nd:YAG solid laser in our experiment. Furthermore, there are no changes in the structure and characteristics of graphene. Inserting our graphene-PVA SA mirror to the Nd: YAG laser, we ultimately get that the single pulse energy is about 7.68μJ, and that the shortest pulse width is about 640ns. The experiment results prove that our graphene-PVA SA mirror is feasible and suitable for Q-switched lasers.
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44

Dhawan, Sachin, and Komal Sharma. "Role of Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser in combination with fractional carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of onychomycosis." Cosmoderma 4 (August 10, 2024): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/csdm_98_2024.

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Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the role and efficacy of Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) combined with fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for the treatment of onychomycosis without administration of oral antifungals. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients with onychomycosis and positive fungal cultures, who had not been on any oral antifungal for at least six months, were included in our study. The patients were treated with monthly sessions combining 1,064 nm Q-switched Nd: YAG laser, ms quasi mode, and fractional CO2 laser for six months, along with a topical antifungal. The visual analog score was calculated according to patient observation for cosmetic clearance after three and six sessions, and three and six months after completion of the laser sessions. The onychomycosis severity index (OSI) was used by the clinician at the beginning and the end of the study as a tool to measure the treatment outcome. Fungal cultures were done six months after the completion of sessions to evaluate fungal clearance. Results: Twenty of the 25 enrolled patients completed the study. Of these, 5 (25%) patients had complete cosmetic clearance after six sessions, and 15 (75%) patients had complete clearance at three months after completion of the sessions, which was maintained at six months. On comparing the OSI score calculated at the beginning of the laser therapy and six months after completion of laser sessions, a significant response to treatment (P &lt; 0.001) was seen. In total, 17 (85%) patients had negative fungal cultures six months after completion of sessions proving no relapse till six months. Conclusion: Our study concludes that Q-switched Nd: YAG in combination with fractional CO2 laser is beneficial in the treatment of onychomycosis by destruction of fungal elements and increasing the topical drug delivery. These lasers are commonly available in dermatology practice and can be combined with oral antifungals to reduce the treatment duration.
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Zhao Haidong, 赵海栋, 于佳琦 Yu Jiaqi, 代守军 Dai Shoujun та ін. "电光调Q双脉冲Nd∶YAG激光器的研究". Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 61, № 15 (2024): 1514005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop231675.

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MINAMIDA, Katsuhiro, Ryuji YAMADA, Tohru TOSHIMITU, and Takaharu KAWAMOTO. "Laser System for Dulling Work Roll by Q-Switched Nd: YAG Laser." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 26, no. 5 (1990): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.26.536.

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Cao Mingzhen, 曹明真, 刘学胜 Liu Xuesheng, 何. 欢. He Huan, 刘友强 Liu Youqiang, and 王智勇 Wang Zhiyong. "Theoretical and experimental study on Nd: YAG Q-switched laser instability phenomenon." Infrared and Laser Engineering 47, no. 11 (2018): 1105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201847.1105005.

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48

Chittla, Sravan, Swetha Donakonda, Dheeraj Sathaiahgari, and Vengamamba Ravali Pathipati. "Efficacy and Safety of Nd: YAG Laser in Tattoo Removal: An Interventional Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 3 (2023): 1448–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12791042.

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<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong>&nbsp;Tattoos are intentionally made on skin by an artist or cosmetologist which may be temporary or permanent. Most of them are permanent. Because of various reasons patient intends for tattoo removal, in that situation various procedures like dermabrasion, cryo-surgery, excision are available but with limited satisfaction. Newer techniques like lasers such as Q-switched lasers are now being tried.&nbsp;<strong>Objective:</strong>&nbsp;Present study was done to know the efficacy and safety of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser in eliminating tattoos.&nbsp;<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong>&nbsp;Present study was done at a tertiary care teaching institute in the Department of DVL at MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana from January 2021 to June 2022. 50 patients were included as per the eligibility criteria. Age, gender, the motive for tattoo removal, wavelength of Nd: YAG laser, number of sittings undergone by study patients, clearance rate and adverse effects were assessed.&nbsp;<strong>Results:</strong>&nbsp;Most common age group of patients involved in study was 21 to 30 years. Males are predominant with 56% and most of the patients were managed with 1064 nm wavelength for tattoo removal. The most consistent motive for tattoo removal was to get new employment. The mean number of sittings was 7.2&plusmn;1.3. There is no statistical significance in the clearance rate between amateur and professional tattoos. There is no statistical significance in the clearance rate between lasers of various wavelengths. Adverse effects were mild and self-limiting.&nbsp;<strong>Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp;Q switched Nd: YAG laser is considered a good choice for treating amateur and professional tattoos, as it enables complete removal with acceptable minor side effects. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
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Abdaalameer, N. Kh, S. N. Mazhir, and K. A. Aadim. "Diagnostics of zinc selenite plasma produced by FHG of a Q-switchedND: YAGlaser." Chalcogenide Letters 18, no. 7 (2021): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2021.187.405.

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We presented the OES studies of the Zinc Selenite ZnSe plasma produced by the FHG (1064nm) of a Q-switched ND: YAG laser. The target material was placed in front of laser beam in air at atmospheric pressure. the experimentally observed line profiles of zinc (ZnI) have been used to extract the Te using the Boltzmann plot method. Whereas, the ne has been determined from the Stark broadening method using the Zinc (Zn I) line. And it is calculated ωp, λd and Nd. The Te is calculated by varying the laser energy at (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500) mJ. It is observed that Te , ne and ωp increases as laser energy is increased while λd and Nd decreases as laser energy increased.
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Suzuki, Takashi, Kenji Hosaka, and Kaoru Aihara. "Comparative Study of Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser and Q-switched Ruby Laser Treatments for Deep-seated Ota's Nevus." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 16, Supplement (1995): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.16.supplement_301.

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