Journal articles: 'QBlade'

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Alaskari, Mustafa, Oday Abdullah, and Mahir H. Majeed. "Analysis of Wind Turbine Using QBlade Software." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (June 5, 2019): 032020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/518/3/032020.

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Kądrowski, Damian, Michał Kulak, Michał Lipian, Małgorzata Stępień, Piotr Baszczyński, Karol Zawadzki, and Maciej Karczewski. "Challenging low Reynolds - SWT blade aerodynamics." MATEC Web of Conferences 234 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823401004.

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One of the main issues related to the design and development of small wind turbines (SWTs) is the low Reynolds number. Operation in the transitory regime makes the rotor aerodynamic analysis a challenging task. Project GUST (Generative Urban Small Turbine) realized currently at the Institute of Turbomachinery (Lodz University of Technology, Poland) is devoted to the development of SWT (D = 1.6 m) for low-Reynolds number (low wind speed) flow conditions. The emphasis is on the blade design, aiming at improving the rotor aerodynamic efficiency. The paper will highlight the rotor design process, based on contemporary methods of experiment-simulation integration approach and use of rapid manufacturing techniques. In-house wind tunnel measurements of a scaled model performance were executed. A numerical analysis using dedicated software (QBlade) was conducted in parallel. A comparison between the obtained results indicated that the chosen numerical tools are capable of providing a reliable output, even in complex, transitional flow conditions. Bearing in mind the above observations, QBlade was incorporated into the development process of a completely new blade geometry which would increase rotor performance. The selected design has indeed prove to show better power outcome in an additional experimental campaign.

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MERAD, Asmae BOUANANI, and Mama BOUCHAOUR. "MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE BY QBLADE SOFTWARE." Algerian Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development 2, no. 02 (December 15, 2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46657/ajresd.2020.2.2.11.

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The use of wind energy has no harmful effects on the environment. This makes it a clean energy that is a real alternative to the problem of nuclear waste management and greenhouse gas emissions. Vertical axis wind turbines have prospective advantages in the field of domestic applications, because they have proven effectual in urban areas where wind flow conditions are intermittent, omnidirectional, unsteady and turbulent. The wind cannot ensure a regular energy supply without optimising the aerodynamics of the blades. This article presents a reminder about wind energy and wind turbines, especially the VAWT type wind turbines and also gives a presentation on the aerodynamic side of VAWT by studying the geometry and aerodynamic characteristics of the blade profiles with the acting forces and also the explanation of the DMS multiple flow tube model. This work also gives the different simulation methods to optimize the behaviour of the blades from the selected NACA profiles; the analysis first goes through the design of the blades by the design and simulation software Qblade which is used to calculate also the forces on the blade and the coefficients of lift, drag and fineness. At the end of this article we have the DMS simulation of the VAWT turbines, by determining the power coefficient and the power collected by the turbine to select the wind turbine adapted to a well characterized site.

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Simatupang, Reza, and Deddy Supriatna. "Designing a Tapperless Blade with an S-4320 Airfoil on a Micro-Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (Case Studies at PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara)." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v3i1.81.

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This article aims to design a taperless blade in a micro-scale wind turbine in medium wind speed, a case study at PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara. The methodology used in this research is quantitative research methods. Based on the test results in calculating the data using Microsoft Excel software and the blade airfoil design simulation using Qblade software, the use of the S-4320 airfoil in the application of the taperless blade design has research results that show that the airfoil design of the blade produces mechanical power at moderate wind speeds. It can be concluded that this blade design shows that the taperless blade with S-4320 airfoil can be applied to medium wind speeds in micro-scale horizontal axis wind turbines. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merancang bilah jenis taperless pada turbin angin skala mikro dalam kecepatan angin sedang, studi kasus pada PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dalam perhitungan data menggunakan software Microsoft Excel dan simulasi perancangan desain airfoil bilah menggunakan software Qblade, penggunaan airfoil S-4320 dalam pengaplikasian desain bilah jenis taperless memiliki hasil penelitian yang menunjukan bahwa desain airfoil bilah tersebut menghasilkan tenaga mekanik pada kecepatan angin sedang. Dapat disimpulkan dalam desain bilah ini menunjukan bahwa bilah jenis taperless dengan airfoil S-4320 dapat diterapkan pada kecepatan angin sedang pada turbin angin sumbu horizontal skala mikro.

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Zahariea, D., D. E. Husaru, and C. M. Husaru. "Aerodynamic and structural analysis of a small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine using QBlade." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 595 (September 20, 2019): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/595/1/012042.

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DWI SAPTO, AGUNG, and HINGGIL PANDU RUMAKSO. "UJI COBA PERFORMA BENTUK AIRFOIL MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE QBLADE TERHADAP TURBIN ANGIN TIPE SUMBU HORIZONTAL." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 10, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v10i1.10212.

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Panjwani, Balram, Cecile Quinsard, Dominik Gacia Przemysław, and Jostein Furseth. "Virtual Modelling and Testing of the Single and Contra-Rotating Co-Axial Propeller." Drones 4, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones4030042.

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Propellers are a vital component to achieve successful and reliable operation of drones. However, the drone developer faces many challenges while selecting a propeller and a common approach is to perform static thrust measurement. However, the selection of a propeller using a static thrust measurement system is time-consuming. To overcome a need for the static thrust system a virtual model has been developed for measuring both the static and dynamic thrust of a single and coaxial propeller. The virtual model is reliable enough to minimize the need for full-scale tests. The virtual model has been built using two open-source software Qblade and OpenFoam. Qblade is employed to obtain the lift and drag coefficients of the propeller’s airfoil section. OpenFoam is utilized to perform the flow simulations of propellers and for obtaining the thrust and torque data of the propeller. The developed virtual model is validated with experimental data and the experimental data are obtained by developing a multi-force balance system for measuring thrusts and torques of a single and a pair of coaxial contra-rotating propellers. The data obtained from the propeller virtual model are compared with the measurement data. For a single propeller, the virtual model shows that the estimated forces are close to the experiment at lower rotational speeds. For coaxial propellers, there are some deviations at the rear propeller due to the turbulence and flow disturbance caused by the front propeller. However, the computed thrust data are still accurate enough to be used in selecting the propeller. The studies indicate that in the future, these virtual models will minimize a need for experimental testing.

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Husaru, D. E., P. D. Bârsănescu, and D. Zahariea. "Effect of yaw angle on the global performances of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine - QBlade simulation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 595 (September 20, 2019): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/595/1/012047.

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Bianchini, Alessandro, David Marten, Andrea Tonini, Francesco Balduzzi, Christian Navid Nayeri, Giovanni Ferrara, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Implementation of the “Virtual Camber” Transformation into the Open Source Software QBlade: Validation and Assessment." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.070.

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Bangga, Galih, Giorgia Guma, Thorsten Lutz, and Ewald Krämer. "Numerical simulations of a large offshore wind turbine exposed to turbulent inflow conditions." Wind Engineering 42, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18756958.

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This work is intended to investigate the aerodynamic responses of a large generic 10-MW offshore wind turbine under turbulent inflow conditions. The nonlinear lifting line free vortex wake simulations approach is employed for this purpose, computed using the QBlade code. In these studies, the effects of a three-dimensional correction model for the airfoil polars were studied in advance. For this purpose, the blade element momentum computations employing the corrected polars are performed and compared to computational fluid dynamics simulations, and a good agreement is obtained between both employed approaches. Background turbulence is then imposed in the QLLT simulations with the turbulence intensities ranging from low to high turbulence levels (3%–15%). Furthermore, the impact of wind shear from different locations (offshore and onshore) is investigated in this work.

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Lennie, Matthew, David Marten, George Pechlivanoglou, Christian Navid Nayeri, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Modern methods for investigating the stability of a pitching floating platform wind turbine." Wind Energy Science 2, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-671-2017.

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Abstract. The QBlade implementation of the lifting-line free vortex wake (LLFVW) method was tested in conditions analogous to floating platform motion. Comparisons against two independent test cases using a variety of simulation methods show good agreement in thrust forces, rotor power, blade forces and rotor plane induction. Along with the many verifications already undertaken in the literature, it seems that the code performs solidly even in these challenging cases. Further to this, the key steps are presented from a new formulation of the instantaneous aerodynamic thrust damping of a wind turbine rotor. A test case with harmonic platform motion and collective blade pitch is used to demonstrate how combining such tools can lead to a better understanding of aeroelastic stability. A second case demonstrates a non-harmonic blade pitch manoeuvre showing the versatility of the instantaneous damping method.

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Nachtane, M., M. Tarfaoui, A. El Moumen, D. Saifaoui, and H. Benyahia. "Design and Hydrodynamic Performance of a Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (July 4, 2019): 6453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.2.2019.1.0488.

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Marine energy is gaining more and more interest in recent years and, in comparison to fossil energy, is very attractive due to predictable energy output, renewable and sustainable, the Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine (HAHT) is one of the most innovative energy systems that allow transforms the kinetic energy into electricity. This work presents a new series of hydrofoil sections, named here NTSXX20, and was designed to work at different turbine functioning requirement. These hydrofoils have excellent hydrodynamic characteristics at the operating Reynolds number. The design of the turbine has been done utilising XFLR5 code and QBlade which is a Blade-Element Momentum solver with a blade design feature. Tidal current turbine has been able to capture about 50% from TSR range of 5 to 9 with maximum CPower of 51 % at TSR=6,5. The hydrodynamics performance for the CFD cases was presented and was employed to explain the complete response of the turbine.

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Sari, N. H., and W. G. Laksamana. "Perancangan bilah tipe taperless pada kincir angin: Studi kasus di PT. Lentera Bumi Nusantara Tasikmalaya." Dinamika Teknik Mesin 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/dtm.v9i2.286.

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The studies related to new renewable energy are still being developed. This study aims to design taperless blades on wind turbines, case studies at PT. Lentera Bumi Nusantara. The wind speed conditions in Tasikmalaya which are considered relatively moderate can be designed efficiently by the appropriate wind characteristics in Tasikmalaya. Microsoft Excel, Qblade, Solid Works, and aerodynamic equations have been used to design a blade. The result shows that the blades have a solid, easy to make and affordable structure that can produce mechanical power at low wind speeds with a radius, diameter hub and chord length of 0.8 m, 0.19 m and 0.12 m, respectively. A twisting angle at the base and at the end of the blade are 11.14° and 7.17°. respectively. The conclusion of this design exhibited that the blade design with the same edge blade can be applied to moderate wind speeds to produce efficient, compact and affordable wind turbines with wind characteristics in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.

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Perez-Becker, Sebastian, David Marten, Christian Navid Nayeri, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Implementation and Validation of an Advanced Wind Energy Controller in Aero-Servo-Elastic Simulations Using the Lifting Line Free Vortex Wake Model." Energies 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030783.

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Accurate and reproducible aeroelastic load calculations are indispensable for designing modern multi-MW wind turbines. They are also essential for assessing the load reduction capabilities of advanced wind turbine control strategies. In this paper, we contribute to this topic by introducing the TUB Controller, an advanced open-source wind turbine controller capable of performing full load calculations. It is compatible with the aeroelastic software QBlade, which features a lifting line free vortex wake aerodynamic model. The paper describes in detail the controller and includes a validation study against an established open-source controller from the literature. Both controllers show comparable performance with our chosen metrics. Furthermore, we analyze the advanced load reduction capabilities of the individual pitch control strategy included in the TUB Controller. Turbulent wind simulations with the DTU 10 MW Reference Wind Turbine featuring the individual pitch control strategy show a decrease in the out-of-plane and torsional blade root bending moment fatigue loads of 14% and 9.4% respectively compared to a baseline controller.

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Kim, Youjin, Galih Bangga, and Antonio Delgado. "Investigations of HAWT Airfoil Shape Characteristics and 3D Rotational Augmentation Sensitivity Toward the Aerodynamic Performance Improvement." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 7597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187597.

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This study investigates the impacts of dierent airfoil shapes on the 3D augmentationand power production of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). The aerodynamic eect fromchanging the leading and trailing edge of the airfoil is the emphasis of the research. Varied powerproduced from modifying sensitivity on 3D augmentations, caused by revamping airfoil shapes, areshown. The 3D correction law, considering the chord to radius ratio and the blades’ pitch angle inthe rotation, is applied to the airfoil lift coecients. The blade element method (BEM) embeddedin the software Qblade with modified lift coecients simulates the power productions of threewind turbines from these airfoils. The comparisons of the boundary layer characteristics, sectionalforces, and inflow angle of the blade sections are calculated. The k-omega SST turbulence model inOpenFoam visualizes the stall and separation of the blades’ 2D section. The airfoils with a roundedleading edge show a reduced stall and separated flow region. The power production is 2.3 timeshigher for the airfoil constructed with a more rounded leading edge S809r and two times higher forthe airfoil S809gx of the symmetric structure.

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Zawadzki, Karol, Wojciech Śmiechowicz, Małgorzata Stępień, Anna Baszczyńska, and Michał Tarkowski. "Influence of the Solidity Ratio on the Small Wind Turbine Aerodynamics." E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124203006.

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Increasing popularity of individualised electricity generation from wind by prosumers creates a strong demand for profitable and highly efficient small wind turbines. This paper investigates the influence of rotor blade solidity parameter on device efficiency in hope of determining its optimal value as a part of the development process of the GUST small wind turbine. The study involved experimental analysis in the wind tunnel and numerical simulations performed in QBlade software. Different solidities of the rotor were achieved by alteration of (1) number of blades and (2) chord distribution along the blade span. The increase of rotor solidity resulted in augmentation of the aerodynamic efficiency in both approaches. The elongation of the chord by 33% in a 3-bladed rotor resulted in a bigger power coefficient increment than addition of a 4th blade with original chord distribution. Even though the solidity was the same, the 3-bladed rotor performed better, possibly due to lower form drag. The results emphasize the importance of the rotor solidity optimization during the small wind turbine rotor development and may significantly influence overall power output.

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MURATOĞLU, Abdullah, and Muhammed Sungur DEMİR. "Investigating the Effect of Geometrical and Dynamic Parameters on the Performance of Darrieus Turbines: A Numerical Optimization Approach via QBlade Algorithm." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 9, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.677137.

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Vitorino, Mauro Ezequiel, Carlos Victor Manuel Labriola, and Hugo Alberto Moyano. "Sistemas Conversores Fluido - Dinámicos de energía renovable para la Patagonia Argentina." Informes Científicos Técnicos - UNPA 9, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22305/ict-unpa.v9i1.237.

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A partir de la línea de investigación del PI 29B163 del año 2015 y continuando su temática, el presente informe trata el estudio de las particularidades de una turbina hidrocinética de acuerdo a las características definidas para la construcción de un prototipo a futuro, teniendo en cuenta la potencia de la demanda estimada en el primer informe.Por lo tanto, según las partes de la turbina, inicialmente se detallan las características del rotor que captura la energía cinética del agua para obtener energía eléctrica luego de la conversión hidromecánica y electromagnética. Debido a que el rotor es la parte conversora de energía hidráulica en mecánica de la turbina, es relevante detallar cómo son sus álabes, por ello inicialmente se detallan las propiedades que caracterizan a cualquier perfil de álabes y luego se detallan los utilizados por las turbinas hidrocinéticas del tipo NACA.Luego, por medio del software QBlade, se realiza un cálculo hidrodinámico iterativo, el cual se realiza sección por sección para diferentes posiciones del álabe a lo largo del radio del rotor. A partir del análisis sobre de los resultados de dichas simulaciones, se determina el perfil óptimo para nuestro prototipo de turbina de acuerdo a las características definidas.

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Ikaningsih, Manty Aldilani, and War’an Rosihan. "Penggunaan Styrofoam sebagai Material Bilah Turbin Angin." ROTASI 21, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.21.1.23-29.

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Percobaan pembuatan bilah turbin angin dengan bahan kayu dan styrofoam dilakukan dengan tujuan agar pada kecepatan tertentu bilah dapat rusak. Kerusakan ini dipusatkan pada bagian styrofoam yang memiliki tingkat ketahanan pembebanan di bawah kayu. Kerusakan bilah tersebut nantinya akan melindungi generator agar tidak mengalami overspeed. Pada penelitian ini, desain bilah turbin angin yang digunakan berasal dari lembaga penelitian Lentera Angin Nusantara. Bilah turbin angin yang dibuat adalah tipe taperless, dimana ukuran bilah sama dari pangkal hingga ujung. Modifikasi bilah turbin angin dilakukan berdasarkan hasil simulasi performa bilah turbin angin dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak QBlade. Pada hasil simulasi ditunjukkan bahwa sumbangsih terbesar harga torsi total berasal dari torsi elemental dari bagian bilah pada posisi 50% - 100% panjang bilah. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi performa bilah turbin angin tersebut, maka bilah turbin angin yang dibuat dari bahan dasar kayu dimodifikasi dari bagian tengah hingga bagian ujung belakang dengan menggunakan styrofoam. Harapannya modifikasi tersebut akan mencegah overspeed pada generator dan memusatkan kerusakan di bagian bilah yang terbuat dari styrofoam akibat gaya dorong saat kecepatan angin cukup tinggi. Jika uji lapangan berhasil, maka pemusatan letak kegagalan bilah akan meminimalisir kerusakan (patahnya) bilah di bagian yang tidak terprediksi.

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Sheikh, Shakil Rehman, Syed Hassan Raza Shah, Umar Rauf, Fawad Rauf, Zareena Kausar, Umair Aziz, Muhammad Faizan Shah, Haseeb Yaqoob, and Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi. "A Low-Cost Sustainable Energy Solution for Pristine Mountain Areas of Developing Countries." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113160.

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The rise in energy requirements and its shortfall in developing countries have affected socioeconomic life. Communities in remote mountainous regions in Asia are among the most affected by energy deprivation. This study presents the feasibility of an alternate strategy of supplying clean energy to the areas consisting of pristine mountains and forest terrain. Southeast Asia has a much-diversified landscape and varied natural resources, including abundant water resources. The current study is motivated by this abundant supply of streams which provides an excellent environment for run-of-river micro vertical axis water turbines. However, to limit the scope of the study, the rivers and streams flowing in northern areas of Pakistan are taken as the reference. The study proposes a comprehensive answer for supplying low-cost sustainable energy solutions for such remote communities. The suggested solution consists of a preliminary hydrodynamic design using Qblade, further analysis using numerical simulations, and finally, experimental testing in a real-world environment. The results of this study show that the use of microturbines is a very feasible option considering that the power generation density of the microturbine comes out to be approximately 2100 kWh/year/m2, with minimal adverse effects on the environment.

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Erwin, Slamet Wiyono, Erny Listijorini, Rina Lusiani, and Tresna P. Soemardi. "Development of the Third Darrieus Blade of Sultan Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 758 (April 2015): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.758.13.

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Use of NACA 0012 at the Sultan Wind Turbine prototype provide value coefficient power turbine at wind speed 5.5 m / s by 0017 , wind speed 6.1 m / s at 0.015 , wind speed 7.7 m / s at 0.016 , wind speed 6.5 m / s for 0018 and wind speed 6.2 m / s by 0017 . Where the value of the highest efficiency obtained at a speed of 6.5 m / s at 0.018 . This result is not as expected to generate sufficient energy.The next development carried out investigations on some kind of airfoil, from investigations obtained by using Qblade software that NACA 6612 has a value of 1.78 CL at 15 degrees angle of attack is the largest of all the airfoil .In this research, NACA 6612 will be simulated with a variable chord length, angle of attack, and wind speed, of these three variables will be created which will map graphics 3d sliding value of the ratio of the 3 variables, this graph will give recommendations most optimum combination of variables to types are mapped wind speed throughout the year, to produce optimum power.Optimum combination of NACA 6612 with wind speed varied from 2-7 m/s is chord length 30 cm and angle of attack 7 degree.

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Castillo, Azael Duran, Juan C. Jauregui-Correa, Francisco Herbert, Krystel K. Castillo-Villar, Jesus Alejandro Franco, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, and Alfredo Alcayde. "The Effect of a Flexible Blade for Load Alleviation in Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164988.

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This article presents the analysis of the performance of a flexible wind turbine blade. The simulation analysis is based on a 3 m span blade prototype. The blade has a flexible surface and a cam mechanism that modifies the aerodynamic profile and adapts the surface to different configurations. The blade surface was built with a flexible fiberglass composite, and the internal mechanism consists of a flexible structure actuated with an eccentric cam. The cam mechanism deforms five sections of the blade, and the airfoil geometry for each section was measured from zero cam displacement to full cam displacement. The measured data were interpolated to obtain the aerodynamic profiles of the five sections to model the flexible blade in the simulation process. The simulation analysis consisted of determining the different aerodynamic coefficients for different deformed surfaces and a range of wind speeds. The aerodynamic coefficients were calculated with the BEM method (QBlade®); as a result, the data performance of the flexible blade was compared for the different deformation configurations. Finally, a decrease of up to approximately 6% in the mean bending moment suggests that the flexible turbine rotor presented in this article can be used to reduce extreme and fatigue loads on wind turbines.

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Papadopoulou, Kalliopi, Christos Alasis, and George A. Xydis. "On the wind blade's surface roughness due to dust accumulation and its impact on the wind turbine's performance: A heuristic QBlade‐based modeling assessment." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 39, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 13296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.13296.

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Klein, Annette Claudia, Sirko Bartholomay, David Marten, Thorsten Lutz, George Pechlivanoglou, Christian Navid Nayeri, Christian Oliver Paschereit, and Ewald Krämer. "About the suitability of different numerical methods to reproduce model wind turbine measurements in a wind tunnel with a high blockage ratio." Wind Energy Science 3, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-439-2018.

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Abstract. In the present paper, numerical and experimental investigations of a model wind turbine with a diameter of 3.0 m are described. The study has three objectives. The first one is the provision of validation data. The second one is to estimate the influence of the wind tunnel walls by comparing measurements to simulated results with and without wind tunnel walls. The last objective is the comparison and evaluation of methods of high fidelity, namely computational fluid dynamics, and medium fidelity, namely lifting-line free vortex wake. The experiments were carried out in the large wind tunnel of the TU Berlin where a blockage ratio of 40 % occurs. With the lifting-line free vortex wake code QBlade, the turbine was simulated under far field conditions at the TU Berlin. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of the wind turbine, including wind tunnel walls and under far field conditions, were performed at the University of Stuttgart with the computational fluid dynamics code FLOWer. Comparisons among the experiment, the lifting-line free vortex wake code and the computational fluid dynamics code include on-blade velocity and angle of attack. Comparisons of flow fields are drawn between the experiment and the computational fluid dynamics code. Bending moments are compared among the simulations. A good accordance was achieved for the on-blade velocity and the angle of attack, whereas deviations occur for the flow fields and the bending moments.

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Priyanto, Wahyu, Ira Devi Sara, and Rakhmad Syafutra Lubis. "Studi Simulasi Aerodinamika Airfoil dan Prediksi Performa Picth Tetap Turbin Angin Poros Tegak (Darrieus) terhadap Output Power untuk Aplikasi Kecepatan Angin Rendah." Jurnal Nasional Komputasi dan Teknologi Informasi (JNKTI) 2, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jnkti.v2i1.1049.

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Turbin angin sumbu vertikal adalah turbin angin yang sangat efektif di terapkan ada wilayah perkotaan. Integrasi dengan infrastuktur bangunan kota, turbin angin ini sangat memungkinkan untuk bersinergi, serta memiliki respon yang lebih baik dalam turbulensi aliran yang umum di wilayah perkotaan. Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi untuk pengembangan aerodinamis rotor turbin dalam mempelajari turbin angin sumbu vertikal, dengan metode Double Multiple Stream Tube (DMS). Metode DMS ini menggunakan software Qblade untuk mengembangkan serta memprediksi picth yang digunakan secara tetap pada turbin angin vertikal sekala kecil di Banda Aceh dengan koordinat latitude 5.58° longitude 95.37°.Pengembangan mengunakan NACA airfoil 4418 konvensional dan 4418 yang telah di modifikasi bagian trillingnya, telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan nilai koefisien daya (Cp) yang mampu bekerja pada tip speed rasio yang rendah serta lebih efesien dalam pengunaan turbin angin jenis Darrieus poros tegak,dengan mengubah serta menghilangkan pada bagian trilling 10° terbukti mampu meningkatkan nilai koefisien daya (Cp) 26% dengan nilai puncak 43% dari sebelumnya (bentuk airfoil konvensional) dengan nilai Cp 19% dengan nilai puncak 37% yang mampu bekerja pada rasio tip yang relatif rendah dengan nilai TSR 1.9 dengan meningkatnya nilai Cp maka efesiensi maksimum dapat didekati.Dengan menggunakan airfoil ini untuk lebih mengutamakan gaya lift sebagai kelebihannya, yang mampu bekerja pada kecepatan angin yang relativ rendah.

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Majdi Nasab, Navid, Jeff Kilby, and Leila Bakhtiaryfard. "The Potential for Integration of Wind and Tidal Power in New Zealand." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051807.

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This research focuses on proposing and evaluating an optimized hybrid system of wind and tidal turbines operating as a renewable energy generating unit in New Zealand. Literature review indicates increasing worldwide investment in offshore renewable energy in recent years. Offshore energy shows a high potential as an alternative energy generation solution to that of fossil fuels. Using the capacities of wind and tidal power in renewable technologies would be a suitable alternative for fossil fuels and would help prevent their detrimental effects on the environment. It is a cost-effective procedure for the power generation sector to maximize these renewables as a hybrid system. At the design phase, turbine types appropriate to environmental conditions for an area with high wind speed and tidal flow need to be considered. When selecting which turbines should be used, horizontal or vertical axis, number and length of blades, and optimized rotational speed are all important to get maximum capacity from either the wind or tidal energy for the hybrid system. Comprehensive simulation models of the hybrid system are now being set up, using several available commercial software packages such as QBlade, Simulink, and RETScreen. Several different parameters will be required for these simulation models to run in order to test performance, capacity and efficiency of the proposed hybrid system. To decide which regions are suitable for the hybrid system, it will be necessary to analyze available wind and tide records from NIWA, and online databases such as GLOBAL ATLAS. This next phase of research will aim to create optimized scenarios for the hybrid model by considering the effect of wind and water speed on performance. After deciding which region and scenarios are suitable, it will also be necessary to evaluate the costs and returns of a hybrid system. This final phase will be performed using the RETScreen simulation model.

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Ngo, Khanh Hieu, Quoc Hung Pham, and Trung Tien Tran. "Designing a test rig for structural static-load testing of small horizontal axis wind turbine rotor blades." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI3 (January 22, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi3.739.

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This paper presents a design of a test rig for structural static load testing of small horizontal wind turbine blades. It is a next step after the success of the DeVie project, a join-research project to boost the wind energy knowhow between Germany and Vietnam. According to the IEC-61400-23 standard for full scale structural testing of rotor blades, and based on existing facilities of HCMUT, especially the aerospace engineering lab. and the engineering mechanics lab., we propose a prototype of a test-rig for structural static load testing of rotor blades. A rotor blade of 4 meters in length, manufactured by China, is used in the case study of our structural static-load test-rig. This paper used the reverse engineering method to determine the blade geometry and performance, since the blade was provided and not designed from scratch. Detailed steps to determine the test load for the rig are the most important, based on the blade design and the wind condition of Vietnam, a study case was set to start the process. Since that required a lot of experience and know-how, beside the work and research from our university, other critically important information was kindly provided by the German's experts in the field. Result of the blade tip displacement are wildly used in this industry to validate the blade design. Our test rig result in 0.289 meters were compared to the reverse engineering and simulation result of 0.28 meter with QBlade/FAST in the same blade loading shown well similarity, this result validated our work process. Future revision of the test rig is promised to provide more function such as fatigue test mode, higher load capacity, faster testing time as well as more accurate result, aiding the domestic market of composite wind turbine blade manufacturing which is still in its infancy.

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Alfaridzi, Muhammad Alfi. "Analisis Performa Bilah Taperless Dengan Airfoil NACA 4412 pada Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine TSD 500 di PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara." Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Pembelajaran 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um054v3i2p64-73.

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Abstract: The use of wind energy in Indonesia is currently still low due to the average wind speed in the Indonesian territory ranging from 3 m / s to 11 m / s, making it difficult to produce electrical energy on a large scale. However, the potential for wind in Indonesia is available almost all year round, making it possible to develop small-scale power generation systems. Innovations in modifying windmills need to be improved so that in low wind speed conditions it can produce electrical energy. Therefore, a HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine) blade design was made using a NACA airfoil which has a high Cl / Cd value and produces 500 W of power at wind speeds of 1 - 11 m / s. The research was conducted in 3 stages. The first calculation phase is to determine the radius, chord and twist of the blade. The two stages of the initial blade design were simulated using QBlade software to determine the NACA airfoil being used and to determine the performance coefficient and the resulting power. The three stages of blade design use Solidworks software which produces a 3D blade design. The design results produce a HAWT blade with a taperless NACA 4412 airfoil with blade radius of 1 m, chord width 0.12 m, and twist angle of 5.08 ° - 12.08 °. At a wind speed of 10 m / s, the blade has a maximum Cp of 52%, a maximum power of 1010 W at an angular speed of 450 rpm, a minimum power of 85 W at an angular speed of 95 rpm. The average power produced is 547.5 W. Field test results of Taperless NACA 4412 blades. The results of the field testing are 585.58 W of maximum charge and an average charge of 30.24 W, with the resulting power of 725.55 Wh. Keywords: Blade, Taperless, NACA 4412,Wind Turbine

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Perez-Becker, Sebastian, Francesco Papi, Joseph Saverin, David Marten, Alessandro Bianchini, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Is the Blade Element Momentum theory overestimating wind turbine loads? – An aeroelastic comparison between OpenFAST's AeroDyn and QBlade's Lifting-Line Free Vortex Wake method." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 721–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-721-2020.

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Abstract. Load calculations play a key role in determining the design loads of different wind turbine components. To obtain the aerodynamic loads for these calculations, the industry relies heavily on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. BEM methods use several engineering correction models to capture the aerodynamic phenomena present in Design Load Cases (DLCs) with turbulent wind. Because of this, BEM methods can overestimate aerodynamic loads under challenging conditions when compared to higher-order aerodynamic methods – such as the Lifting-Line Free Vortex Wake (LLFVW) method – leading to unnecessarily high design loads and component costs. In this paper, we give a quantitative answer to the question of load overestimation of a particular BEM implementation by comparing the results of aeroelastic load calculations done with the BEM-based OpenFAST code and the QBlade code, which uses a particular implementation of the LLFVW method. We compare extreme and fatigue load predictions from both codes using sixty-six 10 min load simulations of the Danish Technical University (DTU) 10 MW Reference Wind Turbine according to the IEC 61400-1 power production DLC group. Results from both codes show differences in fatigue and extreme load estimations for the considered sensors of the turbine. LLFVW simulations predict 9 % lower lifetime damage equivalent loads (DELs) for the out-of-plane blade root and the tower base fore–aft bending moments compared to BEM simulations. The results also show that lifetime DELs for the yaw-bearing tilt and yaw moments are 3 % and 4 % lower when calculated with the LLFVW code. An ultimate state analysis shows that extreme loads of the blade root out-of-plane bending moment predicted by the LLFVW simulations are 3 % lower than the moments predicted by BEM simulations. For the maximum tower base fore–aft bending moment, the LLFVW simulations predict an increase of 2 %. Further analysis reveals that there are two main contributors to these load differences. The first is the different way both codes treat the effect of the nonuniform wind field on the local blade aerodynamics. The second is the higher average aerodynamic torque in the LLFVW simulations. It influences the transition between operating modes of the controller and changes the aeroelastic behavior of the turbine, thus affecting the loads.

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Benyounes, Amin, Nellowe Candelario, Leonard Braitman, John C. Leighton, William Tester, and Gabor Varadi. "Qbleed Score in an African American Cohort." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1092.1092.

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Abstract Introduction/Background: The Qbleed score is an algorithm that calculates the absolute risk of gastrointestinal and intracranial bleed in patients on anticoagulation that was published in the British Medical Journal in July 2014. It was developed using a UK general practice database. African Americans were not represented in the development of the algorithm. We intended to investigate if the score is applicable to African Americans. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective cohort study was conducted at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia, USA. The study's duration was 7 years between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014. Inclusion criteria to our study were African Americans admitted to the hospital for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) event requiring an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or for an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) event. Study participants on anticoagulants were identified by chart review. The Qbleed score of African Americans on anticoagulation admitted for GIB and ICH was calculated at the time of study entrance and compared with a control group; the control group was African Americans on anticoagulation that did not experience any of the above bleeding events. Results: 1288 study participants were admitted for a GIB event requiring EGD. Of these, 107 (8.3%) were on anticoagulants. The average Qbleed value in this group was 1.36 compared to 0.78 in the control group. On average, this group had 0.57 higher Qbleed score than controls (95% confidence interval 0.13 to 1.01, p=0.01). The receiver operating curve statistic value was 0.6698 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.74). 1169 study participants were admitted for an ICH event. Of these 59 (5%) were on anticoagulants. The average Qbleed value in this group was 0.85 compared to 0.48 in the control group. On average, this group had 0.36 higher Qbleed score than controls (95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.57, p=0.0004). The receiver operating curve statistic value was 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.74). Conclusion: In our African American cohort the absolute risk of gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding calculated by the Qbleed score was significantly higher in patients who experienced a bleeding event. Our study suggests that the application of the Qbleed score to African Americans allows the identification of patients with higher risk of bleeding while on anticoagulation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Hankey, Graeme J. "QBleed predicted risk for gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding." Annals of Internal Medicine 161, no. 12 (December 16, 2014): JC13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-12-201412160-02013.

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Hippisley-Cox, J., and C. Coupland. "Predicting risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed and intracranial bleed with anticoagulants: cohort study to derive and validate the QBleed scores." BMJ 349, jul28 14 (July 28, 2014): g4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4606.

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Marten, David, Matthew Lennie, George Pechlivanoglou, Christian Oliver Paschereit, Alessandro Bianchini, Giovanni Ferrara, and Lorenzo Ferrari. "Benchmark of a Novel Aero-Elastic Simulation Code for Small Scale VAWT Analysis." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 141, no. 4 (November 28, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4041519.

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After almost 20 years of absence from research agendas, interest in the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) technology is presently increasing again, after the research stalled in the mid 90's in favor of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). However, due to the lack of research in past years, there are a significantly lower number of design and certification tools available, many of which are underdeveloped if compared to the corresponding tools for HAWTs. To partially fulfill this gap, a structural finite element analysis (FEA) model, based on the Open Source multiphysics library PROJECT::CHRONO, was recently integrated with the lifting line free vortex wake (LLFVW) method inside the Open Source wind turbine simulation code QBlade and validated against numerical and experimental data of the SANDIA 34 m rotor. In this work, some details about the newly implemented nonlinear structural model and its coupling to the aerodynamic solver are first given. Then, in a continuous effort to assess its accuracy, the code capabilities were here tested on a small-scale, fast-spinning (up to 450 rpm) VAWT. The study turbine is a helix shaped, 1 kW Darrieus turbine, for which other numerical analyses were available from a previous study, including the results coming from both a one-dimensional beam element model and a more sophisticated shell element model. The resulting data represented an excellent basis for comparison and validation of the new aero-elastic coupling in QBlade. Based on the structural and aerodynamic data of the study turbine, an aero-elastic model was then constructed. A purely aerodynamic comparison to experimental data and a blade element momentum (BEM) simulation represented the benchmark for QBlade aerodynamic performance. Then, a purely structural analysis was carried out and compared to the numerical results from the former. After the code validation, an aero-elastically coupled simulation of a rotor self-start has been performed to demonstrate the capabilities of the newly developed model to predict the highly nonlinear transient aerodynamic and structural rotor response.

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Marten, David, Matthew Lennie, Georgios Pechlivanoglou, Christian Navid Nayeri, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Implementation, Optimization, and Validation of a Nonlinear Lifting Line-Free Vortex Wake Module Within the Wind Turbine Simulation Code qblade." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138, no. 7 (December 4, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4031872.

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The development of the next generation of large multimegawatt wind turbines presents exceptional challenges to the applied aerodynamic design tools. Because their operation is often outside the validated range of current state-of-the-art momentum balance models, there is a demand for more sophisticated, but still computationally efficient simulation methods. In contrast to the blade element momentum method (BEM), the lifting line theory (LLT) models the wake explicitly by a shedding of vortex rings. The wake model of freely convecting vortex rings induces a time-accurate velocity field, as opposed to the annular-averaged induction that is computed from the momentum balance, with computational costs being magnitudes smaller than those of a full computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The open source code qblade, developed at the Berlin Institute of Technology, was recently extended with a lifting line-free vortex wake algorithm. The main motivation for the implementation of an LLT algorithm into qblade is to replace the unsteady BEM code aerodyn in the coupling to fast to achieve a more accurate representation of the unsteady aerodynamics and to gain more information on the evolving rotor wake and flow-field structure. Therefore, optimization for computational efficiency was a priority during the integration and the provisions that were taken will be presented in short. The implemented LLT algorithm is thoroughly validated against other benchmark BEM, LLT, and panel method codes and experimental data from the MEXICO and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI tests campaigns. By integration of a validated LLT code within qblade and its database, the setup and simulation of LLT simulations are greatly facilitated. Simulations can be run from already existing rotor models without any additional input. Example use cases envisaged for the LLT code include: providing an estimate of the error margin of lower fidelity codes, i.e., unsteady BEM, or providing a baseline solution to check the soundness of higher fidelity CFD simulations or experimental results.

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Francis, Muyiwa F., Oluseyi O. Ajayi, and Joseph O. Ojo. "Development of a novel airfoil for low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine using QBlade simulation tool." Fuel Communications, September 2021, 100028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100028.

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Ruiz-Nucamendi, Nelson Octavio, Jose Billerman Robles-Ocampo, Perla Yasmin Sevilla-Camacho, and Luis Alberto Morales-Alias. "Metodología para el Modelado y simulación de pruebas de fatiga en álabes de aerogeneradores de baja potencia." Revista de Simulación y Laboratorio, June 30, 2019, 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/jsl.2019.20.6.23.32.

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This article presents the design, simulation and fatigue analysis of various aerodynamic profiles used in low power wind turbines. For this purpose, the model of a blade of a horizontal axis wind turbine with a nominal power of 5 kW is developed. The analysis of the lift, drag and power coefficients of the aerodynamic profiles was carried out with the XFLR5 software. The methodology used for the blade design is based on the interactions and convergence method called BEM. Also, to simulate the structural and aerodynamic part of the element, the QBlade program was used. With the main objective of ensuring that the fatigue safety factors mentioned in the IEC 61400 standard are achieved, the Simplified Load Model was applied. The maximum fatigue value of 21,421.66 N and the maximum flapwise moment value of 698.41 Nm were obtained.

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Lagdani, Oumnia, Mostapha Tarfaoui, Mourad Nachtane, Mourad Trihi, and Houda Laaouidi. "A numerical investigation of the effects of ice accretion on the aerodynamic and structural behavior of offshore wind turbine blade." Wind Engineering, December 29, 2020, 0309524X2098322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x20983220.

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In recent years, several wind turbines have been installed in cold climate sites and are menaced by the icing phenomenon. This article focuses on two parts: the study of the aerodynamic and structural performances of wind turbines subject to atmospheric icing. Firstly, the aerodynamic analysis of NACA 4412 airfoil was obtained using QBlade software for a clean and iced profile. Finite element method (FEM) was employed using ABAQUS software to simulate the structural behavior of a wind turbine blade with 100 mm ice thickness. A comparative study of two composite materials and two blade positions were considered in this section. Hashin criterion was chosen to identify the failure modes and determine the most sensitive areas of the structure. It has been found that the aerodynamic and structural performance of the turbine were degraded when ice accumulated on the leading edge of the blade and changed the shape of its profile.

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Muratoğlu, Abdullah, and Muhammed Sungur Demir. "NUMERICAL ANALYSES OF A STRAIGHT BLADED VERTICAL AXIS DARRIEUS WIND TURBINE: VERIFICATION OF DMS ALGORITHM AND QBLADE CODE." European Journal of Technic, December 30, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36222/ejt.643483.

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"DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE BLADE BY OPTIMIZING ITS CHORD USING QBLADE SOFTWARE." International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21090/ijaerd.66833.

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Holst, D., G. Pechlivanoglou, F. Wegner, C. N. Nayeri, and C. O. Paschereit. "Potential of Retrofit Passive Flow Control for Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 139, no. 3 (October 11, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4034543.

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The present paper analyzes the effect of passive flow control (PFC) with respect to the retrofitting on small horizontal axis wind turbines (sHAWTs). We conducted extensive wind tunnel studies on a high performance low Reynolds airfoil using different PFC elements, i.e., vortex generators (VGs) and Gurney flaps (GF). qblade, an open source blade element momentum (BEM) code, is used to study the retrofitting potential of a simulated small wind turbine. The turbine design is presented and discussed. The simulations include the data and polars gained from the experiments and give further insight into the effects of PFC on sHAWTs. Therefore, several different blades were simulated using several variations of VG positions. This paper discusses their influence on the turbine performance. The authors especially focus on the startup performance as well as achieving increased power output at lower wind speeds. The vortex generators reduce the risk of laminar separation and enhance the lift in some configurations by more than 40% at low Reynolds numbers.

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Ramadhani, Dieniar N. "Design and Simulation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Naca 0021 Rotor Angle." Procedia of Engineering and Life Science 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pels.v1i1.758.

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Much human energy needs are obtained from fossil fuels. This fossil energy is decreasing day by day. So that the utilization of natural energy such as solar energy, water energy and wind energy is being developed. Wind energy is energy that we can find, so it is very easy to use by using a turbine as the driving force. The vertical axis wind turbine is a type of wind turbine that is easier to apply in places where wind potential is not too large. This research was conducted by means of simulation using Qblade v0.963 software by comparing the influence generated from several numbers of wind turbine rotor blades. From the simulation process, it is known that the wind turbine rotor blades with 4 blades are the wind turbines capable of producing the greatest power, which is 75 Watts at a low TSR. So that in the manufacturing process it does not require large costs, but it still has to be built rigid and solidly.

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Handoyono, Nurcholish Arifin, and Abdul Ghofur Syamdatu Wardhana. "COMPARISON OF HINT WIND TINES OF AIRFOIL TYPE NACA 4412, NACA 23012, and NACA 16-212 USING QBLADE SOFTWARE." VANOS Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 4, no. 1 (July 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/vanos.v4i1.6112.

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Saverin, Joseph, Giacomo Persico, David Marten, David Holst, George Pechlivanoglou, Christian Oliver Paschereit, and Vincenzo Dossena. "Comparison of Experimental and Numerically Predicted Three-Dimensional Wake Behavior of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 140, no. 12 (August 6, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4039935.

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The evolution of the wake of a wind turbine contributes significantly to its operation and performance, as well as to those of machines installed in the vicinity. The inherent unsteady and three-dimensional (3D) aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) have hitherto limited the research on wake evolution. In this paper, the wakes of both a troposkien and a H-type VAWT rotor are investigated by comparing experiments and calculations. Experiments were carried out in the large-scale wind tunnel of the Politecnico di Milano, where unsteady velocity measurements in the wake were performed by means of hot wire anemometry. The geometry of the rotors was reconstructed in the open-source wind-turbine software QBlade, developed at the TU Berlin. The aerodynamic model makes use of a lifting line free-vortex wake (LLFVW) formulation, including an adapted Beddoes-Leishman unsteady aerodynamic model; airfoil polars are introduced to assign sectional lift and drag coefficients. A wake sensitivity analysis was carried out to maximize the reliability of wake predictions. The calculations are shown to reproduce several wake features observed in the experiments, including blade-tip vortex, dominant and minor vortical structures, and periodic unsteadiness caused by sectional dynamic stall. The experimental assessment of the simulations illustrates that the LLFVW model is capable of predicting the unsteady wake development with very limited computational cost, thus making the model ideal for the design and optimization of VAWTs.

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Marten, David, Georgios Pechlivanoglou, Christian Navid Nayeri, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Nonlinear Lifting Line Theory Applied to Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: Development of a Practical Design Tool." Journal of Fluids Engineering 140, no. 2 (October 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4037978.

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Recently, a new interest in vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) technology is fueled by research on floating support structures for large-scale offshore wind energy application. For the application on floating structures at multimegawatt size, the VAWT concept may offer distinct advantages over the conventional horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) design. As an example, VAWT turbines are better suited for upscaling, and at multimegawatt size, the problem of periodic fatigue cycles reduces significantly due to a very low rotational speed. Additionally, the possibility to store the transmission and electricity generation system at the bottom, compared to the tower top as in a HAWT, can lead to a considerable reduction of material logistics costs. However, as most VAWT research stalled in the mid 1990s, no sophisticated and established tools to investigate this concept further exist today. Due to the complex interaction between unsteady aerodynamics and movement of the floating structure, fully coupled simulation tools modeling both aero and structural dynamics are needed. A nonlinear lifting line free vortex wake (LLFVW) code was recently integrated into the open source wind turbine simulation suite qblade. This paper describes some of the necessary adaptions of the algorithm, which differentiates it from the usual application in HAWT simulations. A focus is set on achieving a high robustness and computational efficiency. A short validation study compares LLFVW results with those of a two-dimensional (2D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulation.

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Holst, D., A. B. Bach, C. N. Nayeri, C. O. Paschereit, and G. Pechlivanoglou. "Wake Analysis of a Finite Width Gurney Flap." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138, no. 6 (November 17, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4031709.

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The results of stereo particle-image-velocimetry (PIV) measurements are presented in this paper to gain further insight into the wake of a finite width Gurney flap. It is attached to an FX 63-137 airfoil which is known for a very good performance at low Reynolds numbers and is therefore used for small wind turbines and is most appropriate for tests in the low speed wind tunnel presented in this study. The Gurney flaps are a promising concept for load control on wind turbines but can have adverse side effects, e.g., shedding of additional vortices. The investigation focuses on frequencies and velocity distributions in the wake as well as on the structure of the induced tip vortices. Phase-averaged velocity fields are derived of a proper-orthogonal-decomposition (POD) based on the stereo PIV measurements. Additional hot-wire measurements were conducted to analyze the fluctuations downstream of the finite width Gurney flaps. Experiments indicate a general tip vortex structure that is independent from flap length but altered by the periodic shedding downstream of the flap. The influence of Gurney flaps on a small wind turbine is investigated by simulating a small 40 kW turbine in QBlade. They can serve as power control without the need of an active pitch system and the starting performance is additionally improved. The application of Gurney flaps implies tonal frequencies in the wake of the blade. Simulation results are used to estimate the resulting frequencies. However, the solution of Gurney flaps is a good candidate for large-scale wind turbine implementation as well. A FAST simulation of the NREL 5 MW turbine is used to generate realistic time series of the lift. The estimations of control capabilities predict a reduction in the standard deviation of the lift of up to 65%. Therefore, finite width Gurney flaps are promising to extend the lifetime of future wind turbines.

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Qin, Hongwei, Dan Feng, Wei Tong, Yutong Zhao, Mengye Peng, and Jingning Liu. "QBLKe: Host-side flash translation layer management for Open-Channel SSDs." Journal of Systems Architecture, July 2021, 102233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102233.

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Journal articles on the topic 'QBlade'

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