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Journal articles on the topic 'Qin Shi Huang'
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Abbas, Syed Tahir. "Qin Shi Huang's Legacy: Assessing the First Emperor's Impact on Chinese History." Indonesian Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences (ESA) 3, no. 2 (March 14, 2024): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/esa.v3i2.8115.
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Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, stands as a transformative figure in Chinese history, leaving a lasting impact that reverberates through millennia. This comprehensive exploration delves into the multifaceted dimensions of his rule, assessing his achievements, controversies, and enduring legacy. From his early life in the tumultuous Warring States period to the unification of China through ambitious military campaigns, Qin Shi Huang's journey unfolds against a backdrop of political intrigue and strategic brilliance. The examination of his governance reveals the imprint of Legalist philosophy, with centralization, administrative reforms, and standardized systems shaping the Qin Dynasty's brief but impactful existence. The study evaluates the cultural achievements that define Qin Shi Huang's legacy, notably the Terracotta Army and monumental constructions like the Great Wall. Beyond the archaeological marvels, the paper probes the controversies surrounding his rule, including harsh legal measures, the suppression of Confucianism, and the burning of books. Modern perspectives offer a nuanced reevaluation of his legacy in contemporary China, exploring the relevance of his governance structures and the cultural significance of his achievements in the 21st century. Qin Shi Huang's influence on subsequent dynasties, particularly the Han, is scrutinized, highlighting the enduring elements of his governance that shaped Chinese political thought. The abstract concludes by emphasizing the continued relevance of Qin Shi Huang's legacy, providing insights into the complexities of leadership, governance, and the continuity of Chinese history. As debates surrounding his legacy persist, Qin Shi Huang remains an enigmatic figure whose historical significance extends beyond his time, contributing to a dynamic discourse on China's past and its implications for the present and future
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Guo, Yanzi. "Contingency and Historical Inevitability in the Development of the Qin Dynasty." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4488.
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The history of the Qin dynasty is highly contingent and inevitable, with many historical events occurring with a strong sense of fatalism and sometimes quite inexorably. The rise of the Qin dynasty began with the reappointment of Shang Yang by King Xiao of Qin. It was a fortuitous decision, but the encouragement of agriculture and the emphasis on the army met the requirements of historical development. King Huiwen of Qin continued to follow Shang Yang’s changes and expanded Qin’s lands, and Qin continued to grow stronger. For various reasons, Ying Zheng, the later emperor Qin Shi Huang, also ascended to the throne and unified the other six states by defeating six other states one after another. The cause of unification would have been accomplished by the Qin or other state by contingency, but the unification of the late Warring States was inevitable. However, after the establishment of the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huang made significant mistakes in the political and cultural policies, and the empire soon fell. It was inevitable that tyranny would lead to the state’s downfall, but the end of the dynasty in just 15 years was somewhat contingent.
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Sun, Qianqi. "Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Shouldn’T Be Completely Excavation." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 10 (October 23, 2023): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v3i10.5681.
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This paper mainly discusses whether the current level of archaeology can fully open Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum. It discusses from four aspects: existing technology, resource investment, social influence and relevant policies. Considering that it still lacks the ability for comprehensive archaeological excavation, the partial excavation is still a better choice.
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Liu, Charles Y., Veronica Pagán, and Nelson H. S. Liu. "The Terra Cotta Army of Qin Shi Huang." World Neurosurgery 75, no. 3-4 (March 2011): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2011.02.028.
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Zilin, Wu. "The Museum of Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses." Museum International 37, no. 3 (September 1985): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1985.tb00572.x.
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Zilin, Wu. "The Museum of Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses." Museum International (Edition Francaise) 37, no. 3 (April 24, 2009): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5825.1985.tb00978.x.
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A., Kovalev. "THE DATING OF TILES AND TILE-ENDS COLLECTED DURING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PRE-HAN “LONG WALL” IN THE NORTH OF THE SHAANXI PROVINCE." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 35, no. 1 (2023): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2023)35(1).-11.
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The article is devoted to the problem of dating a segment of a long (or “great”) wall built in the pre-Han time within the borders of the present Shaanxi province. Traditionally, the construction of this fortified line, going to the North across the Ordos plateau (including the north of Shaanxi), is attributed to the reign of the Qin Zhao-hsiang-wang (after 272 BC). However, the author previously formulated a hypothesis that the wall of Zhao-hsiang-wang ended no further than the Suide county, and the northern section of the wall across the Jingbian, Hengshan, Yulin and Shenmu counties was subsequently built by order of Qin Shi-huang, which, thus, in 214–210 BC did not hold the entire Ordos, but only a narrow strip of land on its eastern outskirts. The article deals with dating finds (tile fragments) obtained from the first archaeological survey of these long walls in Shaanxi (published in a two-volume report in 2015). The author concludes that all found fragments of tile-ends find analogies in the antiquites of the Qin and Han periods, including two tile-ends made by craftsmen resettled from the Qi kingdom conquered by Shi-huang in 221 BC. Technological imprints on tile gutters either have a wide dating within the 4th–2 nd centuries BC, or unambiguously date back to the Han time. This refutes the assertion of the authors of the 2015 report that the tile finds allegedly indicate the construction of walls in the pre-Qin period.
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Yu, Yi Kyong. "Rhetorical inquiry of the Qin Shi Huang’ carved stone : A focus on Song." EASTERN CLASSIC STUDIES 44 (February 28, 2021): 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25086/hsdy.2021.44.165.
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Yuan, B., S. Liu, and G. Lu. "An Integrated Geophysical and Archaeological Investigation of the Emperor Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum." Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg11.2.73.
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Yong, Chang, and Li Tong. "Application of mercury survey technique over the mausoleum of emperor qin shi huang." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 23, no. 1 (January 1985): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90016-0.
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Parveen, Khalida, and Huma Akram. "Insight of Chinese culture by viewing historical picture of Qin Dynasty." Journal of Social Sciences Advancement 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jssa21-020103-08.
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Over the centuries, China still respectfully treasures rich Asian cultures, traditions, and customs. China is now famous all over the world for its mysterious wonders and cultural & natural heritages such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Terracotta Army, etc. The Chinese history is full with the exposition of outstanding features of Chinese culture such as great thoughts of Confucius, religious beliefs, traditional festivals and customs e.g., Chinese new year, language and calligraphy e.g., Shu Fa, four great inventions of ancient China e.g., papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass, traditional architecture and sculpture, traditional art forms, etc. The era of history of China before the time in power of Qin dynasty is known by name as the period of Warring States. This period started from 475 BC and ends at 221 BC. Seven Warring States were included in it i.e. Qin, Wei, Han, Yan, Chu, Zhao, and Qi. Zheng was the King of Qin, who started his journey to triumph over 6 states in the period of 230 BC. Qin was the 1st emperor of this unified state of China. Thus he was known by the name of “First Emperor of Qin” or “Qin Shi Huang”. This study provides a deep insight of Chinese history and it is illustrated that major achievements in Chinese culture and history are contributed in the era of Qin dynasty.
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Vladymyrov, Volodymyr. "The History of Chinese Pre-Journalism by Professor Li Liangrong: from Emperor Qin Shi Huang to Qin Dynasty." Scientific notes of the Institute of Journalism, no. 3/4 (72/73) (2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-1272.2018.73.1.
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The article represents the new facts, phenomena and trends on the early stages of Chinese journalism formation, taken from several sources, mainly (and for the first time in Ukrainian journalism studies) from the textbook on journalism theory of journalism by the Professor Li Liangrong from Fudan University (the People’s Republic of China). This is not the first attempt in Ukrainian journalism studies to learn how the Chinese pre-journalism was developed. However this is the first translation from the Chinese fragments of the text-book “Introduction to Journalism” as one of the most popular textbooks in China that was developed on the basis of scientific traditions of the famous Missouri School of Journalism in the United States. The translation from Chinese language is provided with the comments giving an opportunity to see theoretical basis of the historical aspect of formation of the media of one of the world’s superpowers, as well as the views of researchers of this country on the history of their own media, how they interpret the historical component of the contemporary Chinese journalism research. For translation, we have chosen the textbook by Professor Li Liangrong, one of the most authoritative representatives of the“old” elite of the Chinese journalism theory. The article cites the most important positions of the history of Chinese pre-journalism. For this purpose, the views of the Chinese author are the subjects to critical commenting. The historical researches from origin of the Chinese lettering to the beginning of the Qin Empire, the last imperial dynasty of China was described and commented. The article provides the Ukrainian reader with the opportunity to see for the first time in detail what views the prominent Chinese theorist has on how the history of journalism in this country arised and what are the conclusions of historical experience during this period according to Chinese colleagues. The article will also help Ukrainian media historians to understand better their own achievements and the lessons of our pre-history journalism development.
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Kang, Yijie, and Ariunaa Sh. "An Initial Exploration of the Historical Development and Origin of the Guzheng." Highlights in Art and Design 6, no. 1 (May 29, 2024): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gqgpm010.
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The guzheng (ancient zither), also referred to as han zheng, qin zheng, yao zheng, and luan zheng, is hailed as the “King of Music” and the “Eastern Piano.” It holds a significant place as a plucked instrument within the realm of traditional Chinese musical instruments, serving as a unique and important national treasure in China’s musical landscape. Dating back to the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE) and the Warring States period (475–221 BCE), it gained popularity in Shaanxi and Gansu regions. In 237 BCE, Li Si vividly depicted a traditional guzheng performance in his correspondence with Qin Shi Huang, describing the performer’s actions and the captivating music, henceforth leading to the instrument being commonly referred to as “Qin zheng.” He wrote, “The performer strikes the drum and beats the fou (an ancient Chinese percussion instrument), plays the zheng while rhythmically patting their thighs, and sings with deep emotion. The authentic music of Qin delights both the eyes and ears.” This study endeavors to delve into the origin and evolution of the guzheng, providing a dependable resource for the vast community of guzheng enthusiasts and practitioners.
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Lee, Kang-in. "A Study on the Two Images: ‘Chivalry’ and ‘Hero’ in the Movie 「The Emperor And The Assassin(荊軻刺秦王)」." Society for Chinese Humanities in Korea 84 (August 31, 2023): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2023.08.84.349.
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Wuxia is a great cultural archetype with a unique tradition in Chinese history. As a fifth-generation director, Chen Kaige is a leading figure in Chinese cinema. In 1998, he directed the large-scale wuxia historical drama「荊軻刺秦王」, the movie was produced in 1969. Although the movie was not successful at the box office, it reflected his unique sensitivity. Through the characters 荊軻, 秦王, and 刺, he conveyed the image of council and heroism. What director Chen Kaige sought to portray in the film is not just the greatness of Qin Shi Huang, who kills to unite the seven heroes of the nation, or to fulfill his personal desires, but a human spirit with a sublime ideal of saving the people of the world who are suffering and groaning from the war that he has always held in his heart. Here, we saw the poor King of Qin, who had no choice but to lose his own in order to achieve the great unification of the world, not the hero, King of Qin who had been well-known.
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Wang, Li. "The Relationship Between Imperial Power and Phantom Power in The Song Dynasty from A Psychological Point of View." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 28 (April 1, 2024): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/yvhsr855.
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From 221 B.C., when Emperor Qin Shi Huang claimed the title of Emperor, to 1911, when the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty, the period of feudal empire in China lasted more than two thousand years. To consolidate their rule, emperors of all dynasties continued to strengthen the centralization of power and put as much power as possible into their own hands. Therefore, during the two thousand years from the Qin to the Qing Dynasty, the centralization of China’s imperial autocracy was constantly strengthening. As an essential period in China’s history, the Song Dynasty profoundly impacted the later generations of society in all aspects of politics, economy, and culture. The relationship between imperial and relative power in the Song Dynasty has been a point of endless debate among scholars of later generations. In recent years, with the continuous development of psychohistory, more historians have begun to pay attention to more internal development. This paper combines historiography and psychology, exploring the inner of the emperor himself to conclude the relationship between imperial power and relative power in the Song Dynasty.
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Kim Kyung -ho. "Same Facts, but Different Records― On the Death of Qin Shi Huang andHis Succession by Hu Hai." DAEDONG MUNHWA YEON'GU ll, no. 100 (December 2017): 137–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18219/ddmh..100.201712.137.
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Wang, Zhenpeng. "On the Current Situation of Safety Management in Civil Engineering Construction." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/146p1479.
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Civil engineering information management is a mature and young subject, mature is civil engineering, civil engineering practice has been carried out for thousands of years, such as Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall. The youngest is the information management of civil engineering, which ensures that the cost, quality, schedule and safety of the project are fully controlled through information management. Civil engineering information management is an emerging discipline that has only been proposed in recent years with the modernization of project management. Although some results have been received, there are still some problems. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to clarify the significance of information management, discover problems in a timely manner, solve problems, and realize the informatization of construction project management as much as possible. Therefore, this paper discusses the practice of information construction of engineering project management.
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Mubing, Qiu. "Statues of Warriors and War Horses of the Han Dynasty." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 15, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2019-15-4-63-81.
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Terracotta statues of warriors and war horses represent a type of sculpture from ancient burials. They are an important part of the system of objects buried together with the deceased during the Han dynasty (the so-called Mintsi). Yun, the most characteristic funeral figurines which archaeologists find especially in the region of the Chu kingdom of the pre-Qin period, began to appear during the Chunqiu and the Warring States periods. The burial of statues of soldiers together with the deceased carried an authentic meaning connected with the burial of living warriors during the Shang dynasty. Terracotta statues of warriors and war horses in the tomb of Qin Shi Huang were completed in a very short time and mainly reproduced the figures of people and soldiers on high alert before the start of a military campaign. Despite the fact that the Han Dynasty succeeded the Qin Dynasty in the administrative system, it also drew some lessons, to varying degrees, regarding martial arts, as evidenced by the location combinations of the terracotta statues and horses. In 1965, a large burial place of the ancestor of Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Han dynasty, was discovered in the Shaanxi province north of Xianyang in Yangjiawan village. In history, it was known as Zhoushitsuy or Mound of Zhou Ancestors. The size and Ill. 1. National architectural monument. Han Dynasty. Mausoleum Han Yang Ling. Ill. 2. Grave pits in the Hanyangling Museum depth of the pits are not the same, the number of ceramic statues found is also various and of different shapes and sizes; however, most of the statues have a bright colour and a perfectly regular shape. These excavations of the Han terracotta statues have historical significance due to the fact that this is the first finding of terracotta statues of the Han period since the founding of New China.
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Li, Qing-Jie, Xue-Liang Fang, Ying-Qin Li, Jia-Yi Lin, Cheng-Long Huang, Shi-Wei He, Sheng-Yan Huang, et al. "Abstract 1999: DCAF7 acts as a scaffold to recruit USP10 for G3BP1 deubiquitylation and facilitates chemoresistance and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1999.
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Abstract Though docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy becomes the standard care for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), some patients could not benefit from this therapy. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We found that DCAF7 was highly expressed in TPF resistant NPC patients, and promoted the cisplatin resistance and metastasis of NPC cells. Mechanistically, DCAF7 facilitates the interaction between USP10 and G3BP1, resulting in the removal of K48-linked ubiquitylation of G3BP1 at Lys76 mediated by USP10, thus preventing the degradation of G3BP1 through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and facilitates the stress granule (SG)-like structures formation. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 successfully reversed the SG-like structures formation and oncogenic effects exerted by DCAF7. Importantly, NPC patients with elevated DCAF7 expression exhibited high risks of metastasis, and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study identifies DCAF7 as a pivotal cisplatin resistance gene, and sheds light on the underlying mechanism of TPF resistance in NPC patients. The DCAF7-USP10-G3BP1 axis provides potential therapeutic targets and biomarker for NPC treatment. Citation Format: Qing-Jie Li, Xue-Liang Fang, Ying-Qin Li, Jia-Yi Lin, Cheng-Long Huang, Shi-Wei He, Sheng-Yan Huang, Jun-Yan Li, Sha Gong, Kai-Lin Chen, Na Liu, Jun Ma, Yin Zhao, Ling-Long Tang. DCAF7 acts as a scaffold to recruit USP10 for G3BP1 deubiquitylation and facilitates chemoresistance and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1999.
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Witcher, Robert. "EDITORIAL." Antiquity 92, no. 362 (April 2018): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.28.
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Thirty years ago on a London street, an excited young teenager stood in a queue the likes of which he had never previously seen. The wait, however, was worth it, for the reward was the opportunity to see a small detachment of warriors from the Terracotta Army on their first visit to the city. For this particular young archaeologist, it was a glimpse of a foreign civilisation that made the local Roman ruins look desperately provincial by comparison. But it was not just I who was impressed; public interest in the event was extraordinary. With hindsight, it is easy to overlook the novelty that the warriors represented at that time. Fewer than 15 years had passed between the discovery of an army guarding the tomb of the Emperor Qin Shi Huang, large-scale excavations at the mausoleum complex and its inscription as a World Heritage Site, and the arrival of the exhibition in London at the start of an endless global tour as the new face (or faces) of Chinese cultural heritage.
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Aan Setiawan, Darwis, Muhammad Saddang, and Al-Muthmainnah. "Peradaban Islam di China." El-FAKHRU 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46870/elfakhru.v2i2.571.
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Abstrak Negara China untuk pertama kalinya disatukan oleh Kaisar Shi Huang Thi pada masa Kekaisaran Dinasti Qin (221-207 SM. Masuknya agama ke China memiliki beberapa teori, diantaranya: semenjak pada masa Rasulullah SAW dan baru masuk ketika pada masa khalifah Utsman bin Affan. Agama Islam mulai masuk dan menyebar di wilayah cina melalui beberapa cara, di antaranya melalui hubungan perdagangan, perkawinan ataupun dengan asimilasi atau persesuain budaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara jelas bagaimana Agama Islam bisa menyebar ke Negara China dan peranan Islam dalam perkembangan Negara China . Jenis penelitian ini dikategorikan sebagai penelitian kepustakaan (library research) atau studi pustaka. Penulis mengumpulkan dan membaca informasi yang didapat dari buku-buku, artikel, jurnal, maupun tulisan ilmiah lainnya. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kaum muslim di China telah mempunyai pengaruh dan memberikan kontribusi besar bagi perkembangan politik, ekonomi, dan budaya China. Selain itu perkembangan Islam di China pada masa Dinasti-Dinasti sangatlah berkembang baik dalam bidang komunikasi ataupun transportasi. Kata kunci : China, Agama Islam, Penyebaran Islam, Etnis Muslim
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Al Kathemi, Ibrahim, Markus Antonietti, and Roza Bouchal. "Highly Concentration Aqueous Electrolytes for Zinc Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024634mtgabs.
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Aqueous zinc batteries (AZB) emerged as a promising technology for renewable and low-cost storage devices.[1] Zinc (Zn) metal features high abundance, intrinsic safety, low cost (~USD $2 kg-1) and high theoretical capacity (820 mA h g-1).[2,3] However, AZBs do suffer from low Coulombic efficiency, dendrite growth and parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which restrict their practical applications.[4] To combat this problem, highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are employed to improve the cycling stability of AZBs.[5] In this work, we demonstrate that aqueous HCEs based on Zn and organic salts are a very effective way to address these issues. Aqueous eutectic electrolytes were obtained by simply optimizing the salt ratio, as evidenced by the low liquid-to-solid transition temperature. These unique HCEs feature a wider electrochemical stability window and an improved ionic conductivity. Additionally, the high-density of Zn cations near the electrode surface results in reversible and stable Zn electrodeposition - with relatively low overpotentials in comparison to other reported hybrid Zn electrolytes. Thus, this work presents an efficient, economically attractive and simple approach for the development of HCEs for practical applications of AZBs. References [1] J. Yang, B. Yin, Y. Sun, H. Pan, W. Sun, B. Jia, S. Zhang, T. Ma, Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 1–47. [2] Y. Shi, Y. Chen, L. Shi, K. Wang, B. Wang, L. Li, Y. Ma, Y. Li, Z. Sun, W. Ali, S. Ding, Small 2020, 16. [3] D. Kundu, B. D. Adams, V. Duffort, S. H. Vajargah, L. F. Nazar, Nat. Energy 2016, 1, 1–8. [4] H. Qin, W. Kuang, D. Huang, X. Zhang, J. Liu, L. Yi, F. Shen, Z. Wei, Y. Huang, J. Xu, H. He, J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10, 17440–17451. [5] F. Wang, O. Borodin, T. Gao, X. Fan, W. Sun, F. Han, A. Faraone, J. A. Dura, K. Xu, C. Wang, Nat. Mater. 2018, 17, 543–549.
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LI, Wenfang. "A brief notes: seven rocks with inscriptions to Qin Shi Huang (259 B. C. – 210 B. C.) and his countrywide inspections." National History 1, no. 8 (2008): nh20080806a0. http://dx.doi.org/10.3128/nh20080806a0.
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Setiadi, Hendra. "Makna frasa orang kudus yang telah meninggal bangkit menurut Matius 27:52 bagi orang Kristen masa kini." PNEUMATIKOS: Jurnal Teologi Kependetaan 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56438/pneuma.v14i2.111.
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Setiap manusia pasti akan mati, dan setiap manusia takut dengan yang namanya kematian karena manusia tidak tahu akan apa yang terjadi setelah kematian, contohnya adalah Kaisar China Qin Shi Huang pernah meminta para tabib istananya untuk mencarikan obat panjang umur. Bagaimana dengan orang-orang yang percaya kepada Yesus Kristus apakah mereka memiliki kepastian tentang kematian dan kebangkitan orang mati. Dengan kematian dan kebangkitan Yesus di kayu salib dan membangkitkan orang-orang kudus yang meninggal itu membuktikan bahwa Yesus Kristus berkuasa atas kematian bahkan atas alam semesta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian pustaka (Library research) dengan menggunakan buku-buku, jurnal, artikel dan bahan bacaan lainnya. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini bahwa kebangkitan orang mati sangat relevan sampai saat ini, artinya bahwa Pengikut Kristus harus memahami bahwa dibalik kematian ada kehidupan kekal di dalam Kristus Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa orang percaya harus memiliki pemahaman yang benar tentang makna kebangkitan orang mati, sehingga tidak lagi merasa kuatir akan kematian karena memiliki pengharapan yang pasti akan kehidupan kekal di dalam Kristus. untuk menyikapi hal ini, maka gereja memiliki tanggung jawab memberikan pengertian yang benar kepada orang percaya tentang makna kebangkitan orang mati yang sesuai dengan Firman Tuhan.
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Huang, Mengxue, Ruimin Ding, Lifang Chen, Jingchao Chen, Chaoqi Han, Wenwen Shi, Jie Yang, Shanshan Liu, and Xi Yin. "(Digital Presentation) Structure-Activity Relationship of M-N-C Electrocatalysts Synthesized Using a General Solution-Phase Coordination Approach." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 38 (August 28, 2023): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382294mtgabs.
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Metal- and nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) catalysts have great potential in heterogeneous catalysis. They are used to catalyze various crucial electrochemical reactions, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).1-4 The nitrogen-coordinated metal sites (MNx) have been considered the main active sites in these M-N-C catalysts. However, the synthesis of MNx moieties often undergoes a high-temperature heat-treatment step, resulting in low site density. On the other side, the coordination environment in the MNx sites is also affected by the metal species which induced the site formation. Therefore, it is challenging to single out the role of central metal in the structure-activity relationships for these MNx sites. In this presentation, we will discuss our recent progress in the development of a solution-phase coordination synthesis approach targeting M-N-C catalysts with high active-site density and well-defined coordination environments.5, 6 A series of M-N-C catalysts are synthesized via this approach by coordinating electroactive target metal ions with the nitrogen-coordinated metal-vacancy (MVNx) sites in N-C templated by sacrificial metals. With a combined experimental and computational approach, we explore the role of sacrificial metals, including s-, p-, 3d-, 4d-, and f-block metals, in forming various MVNx sites with unique coordination configurations. The structure-activity relationship between the coordination environment and the catalytic activity for ORR, HER, OER, and CO2RR is established by comparing the MNx site structures induced by various sacrificial metals. Furthermore, we will present the activity series of metal centers in M-N-C catalysts with the same and well-defined coordination environment for ORR, HER, OER, and CO2RR. These results will guide the future development of M-N-C catalysts. Acknowledgments Financial support from the State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences is greatly appreciated. This study is financially supported by the Shanxi Province grant (Grant No. 20210302123011, 202203021212007, and 202103021224442), and Key Research and Development (R&D) Projects of Shanxi Province (202102070301018). References J. Cui, Q. Chen, X. Li and S. Zhang. Recent advances in non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in acidic media and PEMFCs: an activity, stability and mechanism study. Green Chemistry, 23, 6898 (2021). H. He, H. H. Wang, J. Liu, X. Liu, W. Li and Y. Wang. Research Progress and Application of Single-Atom Catalysts: A Review. Molecules, 26, 6501 (2021). U. Martinez, S. Komini Babu, E. F. Holby, H. T. Chung, X. Yin and P. Zelenay. Progress in the Development of Fe-Based PGM-Free Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Advanced Materials, 31, 1806545 (2019). Y. Wang, X. Cui, L. Peng, L. Li, J. Qiao, H. Huang and J. Shi. Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Catalysts of Specifically Coordinated Configurations toward Typical Electrochemical Redox Reactions. Advanced Materials, 33, e2100997 (2021). M. Huang, R. Ding, J. Yang, W. Shi, S. Shi, L. Chen, S. Liu and X. Yin. Formation of Nitrogen-Coordinated Metal Sites (M = Fe, Co) via Solution-Phase Coordination on Nickel- And Nitrogen-Co-Doped Carbon Templates with Metal Vacancy-Nx Sites. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 169, 106507 (2022). M. Huang, L. Chen, R. Ding, W. Shi, Q. Qin, J. Yang, S. Liu and X. Yin. Solution-Phase Synthesis of Co-N-C Catalysts Using Alkali Metals-Induced N-C Templates with Metal Vacancy-Nx sites. ChemRxiv, doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-xnh88 (2022).
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Luo, Yong, Min Yang, Mingyang Guo, Xiaolong Zhong, and Yonghe Hu. "Huang Qin Hua Shi decoction for high-temperature- and high-humidity-induced cognitive-behavioral disorder in rats is associated with deactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 11 (September 23, 2019): 5752–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519875369.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Huang Qin Hua Shi (HQ) decoction on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in rats under high-temperature (hT)- and high-humidity (hH)-induced stress. Methods Male rats were randomized into four groups: rats without stress; rats induced with hT (35 ± 1°C) and hH (85 ± 5% humidity); rats induced with hT and hH and treated with HQ decoction; and rats induced with hT and hH and treated with mifepristone. After 3 weeks, rats underwent the Morris water maze and open-field test. Rat hypothalami were analyzed pathologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization. Serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosteroid (CORT) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The administration of mifepristone or HQ in stressed rats significantly improved their performance in the Morris water maze test and increased the central-to-peripheral ratio and incidence of deep rearing in the open-field test. Mifepristone and HQ also reversed histological changes in the hypothalami of stressed rats. Compared with control rats, GR mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and serum CRH, ACTH, and CORT were significantly elevated in rats stressed with hT and hH, and these changes were attenuated by mifepristone and HQ. Conclusion HQ decoction protects against hT- and hH-induced cognitive-behavioral disorder and its therapeutic effect is associated with decreased HPA axis activity.
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Lukyashko, Sergey. "Horse Ammunition. From the History of a Saddle." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (October 2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.5.1.
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Introduction. Horse ammunition was formed historically on a large geographical area. The most important component of it is a saddle. The ancient history of a saddle is not sufficiently investigated. It should be safely assumed that the oldest forms of seats appear together with the use of a horse for riding. We can confidently say that the appearance of the horsemen of the Cimmerians and Scythians in Western Asia in 8th – 7th centuries BC would not have been possible if there had been no such devices. There is a deep belief that horse riding in Western Asia arose under the Cimmerian-Scythian influence. Methods and materials. The presence of images of horsemen and archaeological material allow us to revisit the issue. Even on the Nimrodical relief we can trace the saddle blanket provided with breeching strap and the girth. This primitive form of soft saddle can be seen on Assyrian reliefs, where it is complemented by a breast collar. Analysis. The well-preserved saddle of the Pazyryk burial mounds, shows that in the 5th century BC a saddle becomes more complicated, paired pillows and hardwood arcs fastening pillows appear. This type of a saddle in the Asian part of the nomadic world survives until the 3rd century BC and is represented in the Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang. In the West, in the Scythian world, a simple coating with mounting straps exists in the 4th century BC, probably in the late 4th century BC, a wooden base – lence and pommels – appears in the Scythian saddle. Results. The archaeological material clearly indicates that a saddle was formed within the culture of Eurasian nomads in the 1st millennium BC, a rigid saddle appeared in the Scythian culture in the late 4th century BC.
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Kirilenko, Viktor, and Georgy Alekseev. "Criminal Prosecution of Political Leaders: Narrative Analysis of Modern Power Elite Crimes." Russian Journal of Criminology 17, no. 6 (December 26, 2023): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2023.17(6).523-535.
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Political stories about deceit, terror and contract killings have a significant impact on the legal and political culture of all the nations. Crime narratives have the potential to fundamentally change international relations and national politics. From the description of the policy of violence pursued by Qin Shi Huang in ancient China to the criminal legends about Rodrigo Borgia in Rome, from the Sarajevo assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 to the death of Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973 in Chile, we observe an aura of mystery around the motives of political crime and note the constant drama of the power struggle. Digital transformation has changed the format of criminal political stories by creating multimedia narratives around political leaders. It turned a traditional political detective story into a postmodern tragicomedy. The influence of end-to-end digital technologies on the modus operandi of terrorists, corrupt officials and political adventurers is due to the new opportunities that virtual reality provides for creating an image of the enemy in the political consciousness of the electorate. Stories about crimes possibly committed by the leaders of the party in power, and narratives about the betrayal of national interests by the opposition compete for the attention of the audience, whose worldview is becoming increasingly disenchanted in the context of a correspondence dialogue between Niccolo Machiavelli and Max Weber on the methods of legitimizing domination. Power elite’s crimes studied by narrative research methods reveal special patterns of actions of the party in power against the key opposition figures and vice versa, driven by their desire to destroy each other’s reputation. The analysis of political crime narratives confirms the hypothesis that the digital transformation of politics encourages the use of criminal narratives instead of physical violence in an attempt to defame and eliminate political leaders.
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KO, HYUN AH. "Silla’s Tale of 'Okdae(玉帶)' and Its Political Significance." Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 84 (November 30, 2022): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2022.84.103.
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In Silla, there are two tales relating to Okdae. These are records of a Cheonsaokdae(天賜玉帶) during King Jinpyeong’s reign in the middle ancient period and of a Heukokdae(黑玉帶) during King Sinmun’s reign in the middle period. These two records were noted early on in each period because they shared the motif of the Okdae. Cheonsaokdae is said to be one of the three treasures of Silla, along with the Jangyukjonsang(丈六尊像) and the Nine-story Wood Pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple. Hwangnyongsa Temple reflected the political ideology of Cakravartin(轉輪聖王) from King Jinheung’s reign onward and served as the national temple for protecting Silla. The two treasures of Hwangnyongsa Temple are noteworthy because the ideology of King Jeonryunseong of the middle ancient period was maintained even after King Jinheung and was based on the concepts of Sacred Bone(聖骨) and Seokgajok(釋迦族), which were emphasized from King Jinpyeong to King Seondeok. In the case of Cheonsaokdae, perceptions about Silla’s three treasures appear to have been formed during the reign of King Seondeok, given that it is related to the Jeseok faith(帝釋信仰), which was predominantly practiced during King Seondeok’s reign.
Meanwhile, in the records on Heukokdae from King Sinmun’s reign, black jade was considered to be associated with the Five Elements(五行說). The Five Elements theory, based on Confucianism, was introduced in Silla in the middle ancient period. Particularly worth noting is the fact that Qin Shi Huang, who united China for the first time, chose black as the primary color based on the Five Elements theory. During King Sinmun’s reign, a new ideology was required to match the status of the newly unified empire. Consequently, the tale of the “black jade,” influenced by the Five Elements theory, emerged.
Okdae can be viewed as a symbol of the ruler, and the tale of the two okdae is symbolic of the connection between the middle ancient period and the middle period, while the heukokdae of the middle period represents the process by which a new political idea was established.
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Huang, Lei, Lili Shi, Yajun Sun, Cao Lv, Chengcheng Gong, Chong Liu, Jun Yang, et al. "Abstract 2702: GQ1001 is a next generation HER2-targeting ADC with excellent druggability, safety and potency." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2702.
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Abstract Background: GQ1001 was developed to overcome the current limitation of existing HER2 ADCs by using the next generation site-specific conjugation and a stable linker technology, coined the intelligent ligase-dependent conjugation (iLDC) technology. iLDC provides a robust platform for the generation of ADC with high homogeneity and excellent stability. Our data show that GQ1001 is highly homogeneous with strong anti-tumor potency, more importantly, markedly enhanced linker stability and reduced off-target toxicity, and points to a safer HER2 ADC with a larger therapeutic window in human. Methods: In vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy and the mechanism of action (MOA) of GQ1001 were assessed using several HER2+ cancer cell lines and animal models. Ex vivo linker stability was assessed by incubating GQ1001 with the plasma from different species. Pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys and safety profiles in rats and monkeys were evaluated. Results: GQ1001 was generated by conjugating trastuzumab to DM1 via an unique open-ring containing linker and the enzyme-based site-specific conjugation technology that significantly increases the stability of GQ1001. Optimal physiochemical property of GQ1001was demonstrated from the long-term stability study in liquid formulation. GQ1001 demonstrated similar in vitro anti-cancer activities to T-DM1 in HER2+ tumor cells. However, T-DM1 showed significant non-specific cytotoxicity in HER2- cells while GQ1001 didn’t. In animal studies, GQ1001 induced a robust dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in multiple HER2-positive CDX and PDX models. From the combo treatment studies, GQ1001 showed synergistic anti-tumor response when combined with HER2-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors TKIs and chemotherapeutic agents in multiple HER2-positive models, including those resistant to anti-HER2 TKIs and/or mAbs. In ex vivo plasma stability assay, the DM1-shedding ratio of GQ1001 in human plasma was ~1/100th of that of T-DM1. This supreme linker stability was confirmed by the favorable pharmacokinetics in monkey with extremely low free DM1 exposure in circulation at a significantly lower level than T-DM1. The highest non-severely toxic dose HNSTD of GQ1001 in monkey was 45 mg/kg without any signs of peripheral neuropathy and interstitial lung disease, suggesting GQ1001 will demonstrate excellent tolerance in human. Consistent with this preclinical data, GQ1001 demonstrated superior tolerability profile in heavily pretreated HER2-positive advanced solid tumors patients in a global, open labeled multicenter phase Ia trial. Conclusions: GQ1001 is a unique HER2-targeting ADC that exhibits markedly-enhanced linker stability and safety profiles. Judging from preclinical data, GQ1001 demonstrates the potential to treat HER2-positive cancer patients, alone or in combination, who have progressed on previous HER2-targeting therapeutics with reduced toxicity. Citation Format: Lei Huang, Lili Shi, Yajun Sun, Cao Lv, Chengcheng Gong, Chong Liu, Jun Yang, Lu Jiang, Jinduo Yuan, Xuesong Li, Mingyu Hu, Xinju Gao, Yu Si, Hui Yang, Yan Shi, Bo Yang, Paul H. Song, Gang Qin, Biyun Wang. GQ1001 is a next generation HER2-targeting ADC with excellent druggability, safety and potency [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2702.
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Jang, Taejin, Lubhani Mishra, Maitri Uppaluri, Scott A. Roberts, and Venkat R. Subramanian. "(Digital Presentation) An Efficient Modeling Framework for Electrodeposition in Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 46 (July 7, 2022): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01461948mtgabs.
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Lithium metal batteries are drawing attention as a next generation of lithium-ion batteries due to their advantage of high theoretical capacity. However, the widespread application and commercialization of this potential battery technology is not achieved yet due to the poor cyclability and safety issues. Despite the recent progress1-2 and development of numerous strategies for the long and durable cyclability1-4, the analysis of lithium metal evolution still depends on the experimental approach in macroscale or molecular simulation in nanoscale5. In order to understand and optimize the system-level response of these lithium metal batteries, an accurate and robust modeling and simulation framework with a coupled macro and nanoscale approach is essential. In the previous reports, we have discussed simple 1D model to study stripping and plating of the lithium metal electrode and obtaining the characteristic inverse signatures in the cell voltage6, and appropriate boundary conditions ensuring mass conservation in a 2D model7. In this work, a 2D separator domain with initial surface morphology at the lithium metal electrode is considered for diffusion and migration of the lithium-ions in the domain along with reaction kinetics at the surface. The model is based on the mass and charge conservation in the system that captures the morphological evolution at the lithium metal electrode along the charge/discharge of the battery during cycling. This model is solved with in-house schemes based on spatial, temporal discretization schemes and coordinate transformation. The results show that the local current distribution at the electrode surface affects the rate and shape of the growth of the lithium metal at the negative electrode. The study has been performed for a wide range of geometric, kinetic and transport parameters. The proposed in-house model efficiently reaches a converged results compared with other numerical schemes both in speed and accuracy, and easily adaptive to optimizing tools towards cell design. Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy (DoE) through the Advanced Battery Materials Research Program (Battery500 Consortium). References K. N. Wood, E. Kazyak, A. F. Chadwick, K. H. Chen, J. G. Zhang, K. Thornton, and N. P. Dasgupta, ACS Cent. Sci., 2, 790-801 (2016). A. Pei, G. Zheng, F. Shi, Y. Li, and Y. Cui., Nano Lett., 17(2), 1132-1139 (2017). J. Liu, Z. Bao, Y. Cui, E. Dufek, J. B. Goodenough, P. Khalifah, Q. Li, B. Liaw, P. Liu, A. Manthiram, Y. S. Meng, V. R. Subramanian, M. F. Toney, V. V. Viswanathan, M. S. Whittingham, J. Xiao, W. Xu, J. Yang, X. Yang, and J. Zhang, Nat. Nanotechnol., 14 180-186 (2019). Y. Chen, Z. Yu, P. Rudnicki, H. Gong, Z. Huang, S. Kim, J. Lai, X. Kong, J. Qin, Y. Cui and Z. Bao, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 143(44), 18703-18713 (2021) S. Angarita-Gomez and P. B. Balbuena, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 22, 21369-21382, (2020) M. Uppaluri, A. Subramaniam, L. Mishra, V. Viswanathan, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 160547 (2020). L. Mishra, A. Subramaniam, T. Jang, K. Shah, M. Uppaluri, S. A. Roberts and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168, 092502 (2021).
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Huang, Rong, Gaigai Shen, Yu Ren, Kelin Zheng, Jiayu Wang, Yan Shi, Jiani C. Yin, et al. "Abstract 1358: Prognostic value of genetic aberrations and tumor immune microenvironment in primary acral melanoma." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1358.
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Abstract Purpose: Acral melanoma (AM) is the most common subtype in Chinese melanoma patients with a very poor prognosis. However, our understanding of the disease pathogenesis and molecular landscape is limited by the few studies that have been conducted. Here, we profiled the clinical characteristics, mutational landscapes and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of AM patients to gain insights into disease prognosis and potential treatment strategies. Methods: Tissue samples from 90 AM patients were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) tests. The prognostic potential of various mutational features and immune cell compositions were analyzed. Results: The majority of patients presented with stage II (45.6%) and stage III (38.9%) disease. The most common histological subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM, 44.4%), followed by nodular melanoma (NM, 33.3%) and superficial spreading melanoma (SSM, 11.1%). None of the patients had received anti-tumor treatment prior to surgery and 73.3% received treatments following surgery, including interferon, interferon combined with other drugs, chemotherapy, and anti-PD-1 therapy. The median disease-free survival (mDFS) was 21.3 months and median overall survival (mOS) was 60 months. More advanced stage and histological subtypes of NM and ALM were associated with worse prognosis in AM patients (HR=2.74, 95% CI=1.34-5.60, p = 0.01; HR=5.16, 95% CI=1.51-17.63, p = 0.01, respectively), while patients who received post-surgical treatments had better survival (HR=0.31, 95% CI=0.15-0.63, p<0.01). The most frequently altered genes included BRAF (14.5%), KIT (16.9%), NRAS (12%), NF1 (10.8%), APC (7.2%), and ARID2 (6%). Copy number variations (CNV) were commonly found in CCND1 (19.3%), CDK4 (19.3%), MDM2 (14.5%) and FGF19 (12%). CDK4 amplifications (HR=4.85, 95% Cl=1.72-13.70, p<0.01) and PTPN11 mutations (HR=5.73, 95% Cl=1.44-22.80, p = 0.01) were associated with shorter OS in AM patients. Patients with higher levels of M1 macrophage infiltration in the invasive margin derived markedly longer OS (HR=0.34, 95% CI=0.15-0.77, p = 0.01). Interestingly, in CDK4-amplified patients, there tended to be a low level of M1 macrophage infiltration in the invasive margin ( p = 0.06), which likely explains the poor prognosis in such patients. Conclusions: Our study provided a comprehensive portrait of the clinicopathological features, genetic aberrations and TIME profiles in AM patients and identified candidate prognostic factors. KeywordsAcral melanoma; tumor immune microenvironment; CDK4; M1 macrophages; prognostic factors Citation Format: Rong Huang, Gaigai Shen, Yu Ren, Kelin Zheng, Jiayu Wang, Yan Shi, Jiani C. Yin, Lanqun Qin, Guiying Zhang, Mengke Zhao, Xinyu Su, Luqiao Li, Fufeng Wang, Haimeng Tang, Yang Shao, Baorui Liu, Zhengyun Zou. Prognostic value of genetic aberrations and tumor immune microenvironment in primary acral melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1358.
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Hobold, Gustavo M., and Betar M. Gallant. "Beneficial Vs. Inhibiting Passivation By the Native Li SEI Revealed By Electrochemical Li+ Exchange." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022144mtgabs.
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Li anodes represent a theoretical 10-fold upgrade over the capacity of graphite at comparable potential, and as such are key anode candidates for next-generation high energy density (> 1000 Wh/L) batteries. However, Li still falls below the 99.95-99.97% CE required for long-life cycling(1) and displays rate capability an order-of-magnitude lower than necessary for fast-charging (>2 C).(2) Interestingly, intrinsic Li0/Li+ redox has been reported to be more facile (j 0 > 10 mA/cm2)(3) than graphite intercalation (j 0 = 1-3 mA/cm2)(4). In spite of this, the chemical exchange of Li+ through the native solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li is typically slow (0.5-3 mA/cm2),(5) and as such it can bottleneck Li+/Li0 redox(3) and increase charge-transfer resistance.(6) The SEI thus manifests itself by substantially decreasing the exchange current j 0 measured on Li down from its intrinsic kinetic value.(7) While multiple recent studies see j 0 as a relevant property in determining Li reversibility,(1) measuring j 0 in the presence of an SEI is not straightforward. Consequently, current literature presents widely varying numerical values of j 0 in the presence of an SEI, making it challenging to discern the relationship between j 0 and CE. To bridge this gap, Li+ exchange at the Li anode is here systematically quantified using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at slow scan rates and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), both of which allow an SEI to develop natively. To avoid ambiguity with the intrinsic Li0/Li+ redox exchange current j 0, exchange rates are here interpreted in the framework of a “pseudo”-exchange current, j 0 p, that represents the total rate of Li+ exchange on the electrode. j 0 p was measured across a selection of historically-relevant and modern electrolytes, spanning low (78.0%) to high (99.3%) CE. In both methodologies, a strong dependence of j 0 p on electrolyte chemistry was identified. These differences reflect a strong correlation between CE and j 0 p, with electrolytes that display higher j 0 p typically also displaying higher CE. Upon cycling, a dynamic behavior of Li+ exchange on both Cu and Li were observed, with j 0 p typically increasing through cycling, attributed to morphological changes induced by non-uniform plating/stripping inherent to Li electrochemistry.(8) We will discuss the implications of this dynamic behavior on both the formation cycle on Cu, as well as how j 0 p changes report on SEI evolution during cycling. Finally, it was found that cycling Li with current densities j beyond j 0 p leads to substantial capacity loss and low CE, whereas electrolytes that can sustain high j 0 p are insensitive to j. Altogether, our results indicate that Li+ exchange plays a dominant role in determining the rate capability and CE of Li anodes, with high-j 0 p electrolytes displaying higher CE and better rate capability than their low-j 0 p counterparts. G. M. Hobold, J. Lopez, R. Guo, N. Minafra, A. Banerjee, Y. Shirley Meng, Y. Shao-Horn and B. M. Gallant, Nature Energy, 6, 951 (2021). P. Albertus, S. Babinec, S. Litzelman and A. Newman, Nature Energy, 3, 16 (2018). D. T. Boyle, X. Kong, A. Pei, P. E. Rudnicki, F. Shi, W. Huang, Z. Bao, J. Qin and Y. Cui, ACS Energy Letters, 5, 701 (2020). Y.-C. Chang, J.-H. Jong and G. T.-K. Fey, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 147, 2033 (2000). A. B. Gunnarsdóttir, S. Vema, S. Menkin, L. E. Marbella and C. P. Grey, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8, 14975 (2020). A. Zaban, E. Zinigrad and D. Aurbach, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 100, 3089 (1996). J. N. Butler, D. R. Cogley and J. C. Synnott, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 73, 4026 (1969). J. Z. Lee, T. A. Wynn, M. A. Schroeder, J. Alvarado, X. Wang, K. Xu and Y. S. Meng, ACS Energy Letters, 4, 489 (2019).
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Cao, Wei, Jianjian Liu, Wentao Huang, Junwei Yang, Lei Shi, Yuan Li, Te Du, Xia Qin, Da Fei, and Runsheng Li. "Abstract 2650: Pre-clinical efficacy and toxicity profile of LM-24C5: A novel CEACAM5 x 4-1BB bispecific antibody in cancer immunotherapy." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2650.
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Abstract T-cell exhaustion is defined as T-cell dysfunction leading to loss of effector T-cells function. Restoring exhausted T-cells with agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) is a classical target with specific expression profiles in tumors. It has limited expression in normal adult tissues, but is overexpressed in multiple types of cancer, especially in colorectal carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we reported a novel bispecific antibody, LM-24C5 that specifically activates 4-1BB in a CEACAM5-dependent manner with localized T cell activation and reduced systemic toxicity. LM-24C5 was developed by introducing qualified 4-1BB heavy-chain variable into a human IgG1 CEACAM5 monoclonal antibody with disabled FcgR-mediated function. LM-24C5 was evaluated for its binding activity to human CEACAM5 and 4-1BB through protein and cell-based assays. The binding activity of LM-24C5 to tumor cells endogenously expressing CEACAM5 and activated primary T cells was confirmed. LM-24C5 was further evaluated in 4-1BB signalling reporter and co-culture assay with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In vivo anti-tumor activity of LM-24C5 was assessed in hu4-1BB knock-in mice implanted with colon cancer cell line MC38 overexpressing huCEACAM5. Percentage of tumor infiltrating T cells and central memory CD8+ T cells were evaluated by FACS analysis. In addition, 2-week repeated dose toxicity study of LM-24C5 was conducted in hu4-1BB/4-1BBL double-transgenic mice. LM-24C5 efficiently bound to huCEACAM5-postitive cells (EC50: 3.78 nM) and activated human primary T cells. It induced superior 4-1BB activity (EC50: 1.07 nM) than benchmark antibody Urelumab (EC50: 3.38 nM) in the presence of cells expressing CEACAM5. The strength of 4-1BB activation induced by LM-24C5 was correlated with CEACAM5 expression levels. LM-24C5 was also found to stimulate T-cell activation (CD4+ EC50: 0.471, CD8+: 0.482) in PBMCs in a CEACAM5-dependent manner leading to significant IFN-γ production. Injection of LM-24C5 led to complete tumor regression around one month post treatment. Moreover, the tumor-free mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge, suggesting that LM-24C5 can induce long-term protective immunological memory. We have also observed that LM-24C5 increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and percentage of central memory CD8+ T cells in spleens. LM-24C5 was well tolerated in hu4-1BB/4-1BBL double-transgenic mice at a dose of 100mg/kg given once weekly for 2 weeks. In summary, LM-24C5 is a novel CEACAM5 dependent 4-1BB bispecific agonist antibody that could redirect and activate T cells to CEACAM5 positive tumor cells by engaging 4-1BB antigen, thus positioned as a potential novel therapy for colorectal carcinoma and other CEACAM5 positive tumors. Citation Format: Wei Cao, Jianjian Liu, Wentao Huang, Junwei Yang, Lei Shi, Yuan Li, Te Du, Xia Qin, Da Fei, Runsheng Li. Pre-clinical efficacy and toxicity profile of LM-24C5: A novel CEACAM5 x 4-1BB bispecific antibody in cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2650.
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Synthesis and Luminescence Property. "HUANG Jun,SHAO Zhi-meng,REN Yin-bao,ZHAO Qing-er,HONG Jia-dan,WANG Qian,DENG De-gang,YU Hua,XU Shi-qing." Chinese Journal of Luminescence 36, no. 10 (2015): 1126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20153610.1126.
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So, H., I. T. Cheng, S. L. Lau, E. Chow, T. Lam, V. W. Hung, E. Li, et al. "POS0094 EFFECTS OF RANKL INHIBITION ON PROMOTING HEALING OF BONE EROSION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS USING HR-pQCT: A 2-YEAR, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2752.
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Background:Partial repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography (HR-pQCT) studies in patients with moderate to high disease activity using biologics [1]. Whether RANKL inhibition by denosumab is efficacious in healing existing erosions in RA patients with low disease activity or in remission on conventional synthetic DMARDs is uncertain.Objectives:To evaluate the effects of denosumab on erosion healing at 2-4 metacarpophalangeal head as determined by HR-pQCT in patients with RA with stable disease.Methods:This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. RA patients with disease activity score 28 joints (DAS28) ≤5.1 were randomized (1:1) to subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg or placebo once every six months for 24 months. The primary outcome was erosion healing at MCP 2-4 on HR-pQCT at 12 months. The effects of denosumab on erosion and joint space parameters on HR-pQCT and radiographs, disease activity and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI) were also examined.Results:At 24 months, HR-pQCT images were analyzed in 98 patients. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and imaging parameters were comparable between the two treatment groups (table 1). Seventeen patients in each group (placebo group: 17/52, 32.6%; denosumab group: 17/50, 34.0%) achieved sustained low disease activity (DAS28 ≤ 3.2) throughout the 24 months. At 12 months, changes in erosion parameters on HR-pQCT were similar between the two groups. At 24 months, new erosions (19% vs 9%, p=0.009) and erosion progression (34% vs 16%, p<0.001) were more common in the placebo group than the denosumab group. Erosion healing was seen in a significantly higher proportion of patients in the denosumab group (20% vs 6%, p=0.045) at 24 months. The details of the changes in HR-pQCT erosion parameters are shown in figure 1. No significant differences in the changes in joint space parameters on HR-pQCT, van der Heijde-Sharp erosion score, DAS28 and HAQ-DI were observed between the two groups at 12 and 24 months.Table 1.Baseline clinical, demographic, disease activity parameters and medicationsPlacebo (n=55)Denosumab (n=55)Total (n=110)Age56.5 ± 7.157.2 ± 8.556.8 ± 7.8Gender (Female)47 (86)41 (75)88 (80)Disease duration (years)8.5 ± 6.87.3 ± 6.97.9 ± 6.8Rheumatoid factor positive40 (72)38 (69)78 (71)ACPA positive43 (78)44 (80)87 (79)DAS28-CRP2.43 ± 0.832.6 ± 0.922.51 ± 0.88DAS28-CRP>3.28 (15)13 (24)21 (19)HAQ-DI (0-3)0.31 ± 0.380.46 ± 0.470.39 ± 0.43csDMARDs49 (89)52 (95)101 (92)Combination csDMARDs26 (47)33 (60)59 (54)Glucocorticoids5 (10)5 (9)10 (9)vdH- Sharp erosion score10.4 ± 18.48.9 ± 13.89.6 ± 16.2vdH- Sharp JSN score12.4 ± 17.711.5 ± 17.211.9 ± 17.4Lumbar spine aBMD, g/cm20.914 ± 0.1470.930 ± 0.1430.922 ± 0.145Total hip aBMD, g/cm20.837 ± 0.1020.847 ± 0.1460.841 ± 0.125Femoral neck aBMD, g/cm20.681 ± 0.0990.695 ± 0.1280.687 ± 0.114Data are reported as mean ± SD or number (%). ACPA: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody; DAS28: disease activity score 28; csDMARDs: conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug. HAQ-DI: health assessment questionnaire disability index; vdH- Sharp score: Van der Heijde- Sharp score; aBMD: areal bone mineral densityConclusion:Although no differences in erosion parameters were observed at 12 months, denosumab was more efficacious than placebo in erosion repair on HR-pQCT after 24 months.References:[1]Finzel S, Rech J, Schmidt S, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor blockade induces limited repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis: a micro CT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:396-400.Figure 1.Changes in erosion parameters by HR-pQCT. (A) Percentage of patients with overall erosion healing; (B) Outcome of individual erosion with healing, progression and new erosion detected across study period; change in (C) mean erosion volume; (D) total erosion volume; (E) erosion width; (F) erosion depth and (G) marginal osteosclerosis per patient.Disclosure of Interests:Ho SO: None declared, Isaac T. Cheng: None declared, Sze-Lok Lau: None declared, Evelyn Chow: None declared, Tommy Lam: None declared, Vivian W Hung: None declared, Edmund Li: None declared, James F Griffith: None declared, Vivian WY Lee: None declared, Lin Shi: None declared, Junbin Huang: None declared, Yan Kitty Kwok: None declared, Isaac C Yim: None declared, Tena K. Li: None declared, Vincent Lo: None declared, Jolly M Lee: None declared, Jack Jock Wai Lee: None declared, Ling Qin: None declared, Lai-Shan Tam Grant/research support from: Grants from Novartis and Pfizer
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Zhang, Peng, Christian Hölscher, and Xun Ma. "Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in spinal cord injury." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2016-0053.
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AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic event that can profoundly affect a patient’s life, with far-reaching social and economic effects. A consequential sequence of SCI is the significant neurological or psychological deficit, which obviously contributes to the overall burden of this condition. To date, there is no effective treatment for SCI. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic strategies for SCI is highly prioritized. Flavonoids, one of the most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites, are the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qin) or Ginkgo biloba (Ying Xin). Accumulated research data show that flavonoids possess a range of key pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-cardiovascular disease, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. Based on this, the flavonoids show therapeutic potential for SCI diseases. In this paper, we will review the pharmacological properties of different types of flavonoids for the treatment of SCI diseases, and potential underlying biochemical mechanisms of action will also be described.
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Ulrich, Julian, Yan Ying Lee, Jelena Popovic-Neuber, Andre Weber, and Ulrike Krewer. "Conveniently Revealing Lithium-Ion Battery Reaction Kinetics Using Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (August 28, 2023): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012637mtgabs.
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Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis (NFRA) can be considered a nonlinear modification of galvanostatic EIS. Due to an increased AC excitation, higher harmonics are additionally present in the voltage response of the cell [1]. Here, a single particle model (SPM) [2] in the frequency domain is used for the simulation of the NFR of lithium-ion batteries (LiB). The time-dependent processes (double-layer charging, solid diffusion) are linear in currently available SPMs. Hence, they can be described algebraically as impedances in the frequency domain. From the nonlinear, time-independent equations (Butler-Volmer, Nernst), for the case of sinusoidal excitations, a system of algebraic equations for the fundamental and higher harmonics up to a freely selectable order N is derived. By combining these systems with the impedances, we obtain a still nonlinear SPM in the frequency domain, which can be solved in a purely algebraic way for the higher harmonics. The proposed model enables researchers to conveniently analyze the NFR of LiBs. This is especially beneficial for investigations of the reaction kinetics since charge transfer coefficients can be obtained directly by parameterizing the model with NFR measurements. The abilities of the model are shown with two exemplary cell setups. At first, a symmetric cell built from metallic lithium is analyzed. The measured impedance is used to parameterize a simple equivalent circuit model (ECM), including transport through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The resulting exchange current densities are used within the frequency domain SPM, which represents a nonlinear version of the ECM. Subsequently, the charge transfer coefficients of the plating/stripping reaction can be obtained conveniently by comparing the NFR measurements with the SPM response. Since the sum of obtained charge transfer coefficients is smaller than one, they are interpreted in the sense of Marcus-Hush-Chidsey kinetics [3], which is possible within a certain range of overpotential. This leads to a distinct value for the solvent reorganization energy. The calculated value is in coincidence with literature values, which are relying on high scan rate CVs with ultramicroelectrodes [4]. Secondly, a full pouch cell (NMC622/Graphite) was analyzed in a similar manner. Even though the SPM cannot capture microstructural effects of the porous electrode, a sufficient fit for the EIS measurement was found. After a subsequent parameterization of the charge transfer coefficients, the NFR measurement and simulation again agree well. The resulting values for intercalation reorganization energies at the graphite anode and NMC cathode are even lower than for the plating/stripping reaction. The reorganization energies could not be validated due to the lack of literature values. However, available values for LFP [5] and a value based on unpublished data for graphite [6], are also lower compared to the plating/stripping reaction. The proposed method is very promising since it can directly capture the complete nonlinear kinetics of an electrode. Due to the frequency dependence of LiBs, the separation of kinetic and diffusive effects remains as convenient as it is for EIS. If reorganization energies are considered as given, two persistent challenges in EIS analysis could be tackled: The separation of SEI resistance and charge transfer resistance since the latter is considered as nonlinear. In addition, the ionic transport resistance and charge transfer resistance could be separated for the same reason. In the future, microstructural effects should be integrated into the model. Vidaković-Koch, T.; Miličić, T.; Živković, L. A.; Chan, H. S.; Krewer, U.; Petkovska, M. Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis: A Recent Review and Perspectives. Opin. Electrochem. 2021, 30, 100851. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COELEC.2021.100851. Ning, G.; Popov, B. N. Cycle Life Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Electrochem. Soc. 2004, 151 (10), A1584. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1787631/XML. Henstridge, M. C.; Laborda, E.; Rees, N. V.; Compton, R. G. Marcus–Hush–Chidsey Theory of Electron Transfer Applied to Voltammetry: A Review. Acta 2012, 84, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2011.10.026. Boyle, D. T.; Kong, X.; Pei, A.; Rudnicki, P. E.; Shi, F.; Huang, W.; Bao, Z.; Qin, J.; Cui, Y. Transient Voltammetry with Ultramicroelectrodes Reveals the Electron Transfer Kinetics of Lithium Metal Anodes. ACS Energy Lett. 2020, 5 (3), 701–709. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00031. Bai, P.; Bazant, M. Z. Charge Transfer Kinetics at the Solid-Solid Interface in Porous Electrodes. Commun. 2014, 5 (1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4585. Gao, T.; Han, Y.; Fraggedakis, D.; Das, S.; Zhou, T.; Yeh, C. N.; Xu, S.; Chueh, W. C.; Li, J.; Bazant, M. Z. Interplay of Lithium Intercalation and Plating on a Single Graphite Particle. Joule 2021, 5 (2), 393–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOULE.2020.12.020. Figure 1
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Liu, Zhijun, Yucun Zhou, Weilin Zhang, Jie Hou, Xueyu Hu, and Meilin Liu. "Sulfur- and Coking-Tolerant Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 47 (October 9, 2022): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471761mtgabs.
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Sulfur- and Coking-tolerant Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Zhijun Liu,1 Yucun Zhou,1 Weilin Zhang,1 Jie Hou,1 Xueyu Hu,1 Meilin Liu1, * 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States Abstract Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have potential to be one of the most efficient systems for direct conversion of a wide variety of chemical fuels into electricity. 1-3 However, the lack of sulfur- and coking-tolerant anodes still hinders the development of direct hydrocarbon-fueled SOFCs for efficient and cost-effective operation. The conventional Ni-based anodes may suffer from carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning when they are directly exposed to sulfur-containing hydrocarbon fuels, resulting in degradation in performance or even destruction of the anodes. 4-6 In this presentation, we will report a conventional Ni-Zr0.84Y0.16O2-δ (YSZ) anode decorated with Ce and Ba-based catalyst coatings to significantly enhance the sulfur and coking tolerance. Results suggest that the enhanced sulfur tolerance is attributed to the evenly distributed Ce-based catalyst on the inner surface of the porous Ni-YSZ anode while the enhanced coking tolerance is benefited from the Ba-based catalyst layer on the top of the anode. SOFCs with the catalysts-modified Ni-YSZ anodes show minimal degradation when hydrogen with 100 ppm H2S is used as the fuel. More importantly, stable operation is demonstrated for direct utilization of sulfur-containing liquid fuels (e.g., octane and gasoline). This work demonstrates the great potential of catalyst coatings for enhancing contaminant tolerance and durability of SOFC electrodes. Z. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Qin, Y. Gu, H. Yu, S. Tao, B. Qian and Y. Chao, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. (2022). S. Sengodan, M. Liu, T.-H. Lim, J. Shin, M. Liu and G. Kim, J. Electrochem. Soc., 161, F668 (2014). Z. Cheng, J.-H. Wang, Y. Choi, L. Yang, M. C. Lin and M. Liu, Energy Environ. Sci., 4, 4380 (2011). T. Hays, A. M. Hussain, Y.-L. Huang, D. W. McOwen and E. D. Wachsman, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 1, 1559 (2018). Y. Chen, B. deGlee, Y. Tang, Z. Wang, B. Zhao, Y. Wei, L. Zhang, S. Yoo, K. Pei, J. H. Kim, Y. Ding, P. Hu, F. F. Tao and M. Liu, Nat. Energy, 3, 1042 (2018). L. Yang, S. Wang, K. Blinn, M. Liu, Z. Liu, Z. Cheng and M. Liu, Science, 326, 126 (2009).
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Reiner, Sofia, Clément Pechberty, Julia Maibach, and Patrik Johansson. "Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Miscibility Studied By Spectroscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-022314mtgabs.
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Interfaces, interphases, and surfaces are of immense interest to the battery research community since the key reactions and much of the kinetics that determine the performance of the cell occur there. While solid/liquid and solid/solid interfaces have been thoroughly studied, liquid/liquid interfaces have attracted much less attention. Here we target the liquid/liquid interfaces between two liquid electrolytes, employed to create dual electrolyte batteries. The grand idea is that based on two either chemically or mechanically immiscible electrolytes we can expand the overall electrochemical stability window to achieve both high electrolyte oxidation stability on the positive electrode and efficient and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the negative electrode [1][2]. To understand the dual electrolyte systems created we study diffusion across the liquid/liquid interfaces, the formation of any emulsion layers, and if there are chemical reactions occurring. We use confocal Raman spectroscopy focusing on the interface between two porous separators soaked with two different electrolytes as well as in situ Raman depth profiling with micrometer resolution, including the role of pressure to the stack of separators (both glass fibre and polymer based). The observations of for example diffusion and mixing are subsequently correlated with the physicochemical properties of the two electrolytes in order to pave the way for rational design of a dual electrolyte cell. [1] S. He, S. Huang, Y. Zhao, H. Qin, Y. Shan and X. Hou. “Design of a Dual-Electrolyte Battery System Based on a High-Energy NCM811-Si/C Full Battery Electrode-Compatible Electrolyte”. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021 13 (45), 54069-54078. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17841 [2] Ren, Y., Manthiram, A., “A Dual-Phase Electrolyte for High-Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater”. 2022, 12, 2202566. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202202566
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van Casteren, Adam, Peter W. Lucas, David S. Strait, Shaji Michael, Nick Bierwisch, Norbert Schwarzer, Khaled J. Al-Fadhalah, et al. "Evidence that metallic proxies are unsuitable for assessing the mechanics of microwear formation and a new theory of the meaning of microwear." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 171699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171699.
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Mammalian tooth wear research reveals contrasting patterns seemingly linked to diet: irregularly pitted enamel surfaces, possibly from consuming hard seeds, versus roughly aligned linearly grooved surfaces, associated with eating tough leaves. These patterns are important for assigning diet to fossils, including hominins. However, experiments establishing conditions necessary for such damage challenge this paradigm. Lucas et al . (Lucas et al . 2013 J. R. Soc. Interface 10 , 20120923. ( doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0923 )) slid natural objects against enamel, concluding anything less hard than enamel would rub, not abrade, its surface (producing no immediate wear). This category includes all organic plant matter. Particles harder than enamel, with sufficiently angular surfaces, could abrade it immediately, prerequisites that silica/silicate particles alone possess. Xia et al. (Xia, Zheng, Huang, Tian, Chen, Zhou, Ungar, Qian. 2015 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112 , 10 669–10 672. ( doi:10.1073/pnas.1509491112 )) countered with experiments using brass and aluminium balls. Their bulk hardness was lower than enamel, but the latter was abraded. We examined the ball exteriors to address this discrepancy. The aluminium was surfaced by a thin rough oxide layer harder than enamel. Brass surfaces were smoother, but work hardening during manufacture gave them comparable or higher hardness than enamel. We conclude that Xia et al .'s results are actually predicted by the mechanical model of Lucas et al . To explain wear patterns, we present a new model of textural formation, based on particle properties and presence/absence of silica(tes).
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Kazuhiro, Intō. "Review of Liangtou she: Ming mo Qing chu de diyi dai Tianzhujiaotu (Two-Headed Snakes: The First Generation of Chinese Catholics in the Late Ming and Early Qing), by Huang Yinong. Xinzhu, Taiwan: Guoli Qinghua Daxue Chubanshe, 2005." Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2010-010106.
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Zhang, Qing, and Yuru Wang. "(Digital Presentation) Self-Discharge Study of Carbon-Based Supercapacitors with Tunable Pore Size." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 8 (August 28, 2023): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0181116mtgabs.
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Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), as a major type of energy storage devices besides rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, holds excellent properties such as high power density and ultra-long cycling stability[1-3]; however, its fast self-discharge process has become the major issue that impedes its development and application. Even though research on EDLCs’ self-discharge has demonstrated that the fast self-discharge rate can be tuned even repressed through modifying certain structural properties of electrodes or electrolytes[4-9], to the end of realizing full control over the self-discharge process requires unveiling the fundamental relation between structural parameters (i.e., the pore structure, the surface functionalities, the electrolytic ion size and shape, and etc.) and the self-discharge performance. Carbon, due to its superior chemical stability, high surface area, natural abundance, etc.[4,10], has become one of the main types of electrode materials under extensive research interest for developing advanced EDLCs. Herein, we focus on tuning the pore size, one of the major structural properties of carbon materials relating to its electrochemical performance, to study its effects on self-discharge process and to learn how to construct the optimal pore structure with respect to certain application requirements. In this work, porous carbon materials with designed pore structure are prepared via soft-template method to analyse the self-discharge performance. Through investigating the effects of pore size, as the single variable, on the self-discharge process, as well as on the micro-electrochemical process on the electrode/electrolyte interface, underlying mechanism between pore size and the self-discharge performance has been constructed. These findings should provide guidance on how to locate the optimal pore size for a chosen electrolyte and to realize control over self-discharge, which will serve as solid references for designing the next-generation EDLCs with high performance and controllable self-discharge rates. Reference [1] X. Chen, R. Paul, L. Dai, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2017, 4(3), 453-489. [2] G. Wang, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev ., 2012, 41, 797-828. [3] Y. Liu, Y. Shen, L. Sun, J. Li, C. Liu, W. Ren, F. Li, L. Gao, J. Chen, F. Liu, Y. Sun, N. Tang, H. Cheng, Y. Du, Nat. Commun., 2016, 7, 10921. [4] Q. Zhang, C. Cai, J.W. Qin, B.Q. Wei, Nano Energy., 2014, 4, 14-22. [5] T. Tevi, H. Yaghoubi, J. Wang, A. Takshi, J. Power Sources., 2013, 241, 589-596. [6] L. Chen, H. Bai, Z. Huang, L. Li, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 1750-1759. [7] G. Shul, D. Bélanger, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 19137-19145. [8] M. Xia, J. Nie, Z. Zhang, X. Lu, Z.L. Wang, Nano Energy., 2018, 47, 43-50. [9] J. Menzel, E. Frackowiak, K. Fic, Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 332, 135435. [10] D.P. Dubal, O. Ayyad, V. Ruiz, P. Gomez-Romero, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 1777–1790. Figure 1
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Huang, Y. Q., Q. B. Zhang, J. X. Zheng, G. L. Jian, T. H. Liu, X. He, F. N. Xiao, Q. Xiong, and Y. F. Qing. "POS0136 ROLES OF AUTOPHAGY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRIMARY GOUTY ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 280.1–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3592.
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Background:Gout is a chronic autoinflammatory disease caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition [1].Acute gout is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction that resolves spontaneously within a few days[2], which is one of the distinguishing features of gout compared to other arthropathies or self-inflammatory diseases. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cellular growth, survival, differentiation, development and homeostasis [3]. Studies have demonstrated that autophagy might play a key role in the pathogenesis of primary gouty arthritis (GA) [4-7]. However, the roles of autophagy in the development of gout have not yet been elucidated.Objectives:The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in autophagy-related gene (ATG) mRNA and protein in patients and the clinical importance of these genes in primary gouty arthritis (GA) and to explore the roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of GA.Methods:The mRNA and protein expression levels of ATGs (ATG3, ATG7, ATG10, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, ATG4B and LC3-2) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 196 subjects, including 57 acute gout patients (AG group), 57 intercritical gout patients (IG group) and 82 healthy control subjects (HC group). The relationship between ATG expression levels and laboratory features was analyzed in GA patients.Results:The expression levels of ATG4B, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, ATG10 and LC3-2 mRNA were much lower in the AG group than in the IG and HC groups (p<0.05), while the ATG7 mRNA level was much higher in the AG group than in the IG and HC groups (p<0.05). The protein expression levels of LC3-2, ATG3, ATG7 and ATG10 were much higher in the AG group than in the other groups, while those of ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1 and ATG4B were far lower in the AG group than in the other groups (p<0.05). In GA patients, the levels of ATG mRNA and protein correlated with laboratory inflammatory and metabolic indexes.Conclusion:Altered ATG expression suggests that autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of GA and participates in regulating inflammation and metabolism.References:[1]Dalbeth N, Choi HK, Joosten LAB, Khanna PP, Matsuo H, Perez-Ruiz F, et al. Gout. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5: 69.doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0115-y.[2]Schauer C, Janko C, Munoz LE, Zhao Y, Kienhöfer D, Frey B, et al. Aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps limit inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. Nat Med. 2014;20: 511-517.doi:10.1038/nm.3547.[3]Han Y, Zhang L, Xing Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Tang P, et al. Autophagy relieves the function inhibition and apoptosis-promoting effects on osteoblast induced by glucocorticoid. Int J Mol Med. 2018;41: 800-808. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3270.[4]Yang QB, He YL, Zhong XW, Xie WG, Zhou JG. Resveratrol ameliorates gouty inflammation via upregulation of sirtuin 1 to promote autophagy in gout patients. Inflammopharmacology. 2019;27: 47-56.doi:10.1007/s10787-018-00555-4.[5]Mitroulis I, Kambas K, Chrysanthopoulou A, Skendros P, Apostolidou E, Kourtzelis I, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is associated with IL-1β and autophagy-related signaling in gout. PLoS One. 2011;6: e29318.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029318.[6]Crişan TO, Cleophas MCP, Novakovic B, Erler K, van de Veerdonk FL, Stunnenberg HG, et al. Uric acid priming in human monocytes is driven by the AKT-PRAS40 autophagy pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114: 5485-5490.doi:10.1073/pnas.1620910114.[7]Lee SS, Lee SW, Oh DH, Kim HS, Chae SC, Kim SK. Genetic analysis for rs2241880(T > C) in ATG16L1 polymorphism for the susceptibility of Gout. J Clin Rheumatol. 2019;25: e113-e115.doi:10.1097/rhu.0000000000000685.Disclosure of Interests:Yu-Qin Huang: None declared, Quan-Bo Zhang Grant/research support from: National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program) (no.81974250) and Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province (no.2018JY0257), Jian-Xiong Zheng: None declared, gui-lin jian: None declared, tao-hong liu: None declared, Xin He: None declared, fan-ni xiao: None declared, qin xiong: None declared, Yu-Feng Qing Grant/research support from: Science and Technology Project of Nanchong City (no.18SXHZ0522)
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Hu, Yonghan, Xin Li, Bin Huang, Liang Kong, Meijie Le, Yan Li, Cungang Liu, et al. "Abstract A071: XNW14010:A highly selective KRASG12C inhibitor with potent efficacy in animal model of pancreatic cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2022): A071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-a071.
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Abstract KRAS mutations are frequently found in various types of cancers with an overall mutation frequency of 19.3%. G12C mutation of KRAS (KRASG12C) represents 11.4% of all KRAS mutations in cancer. Targeting KRAS mutations as a cancer treatment strategy has long been investigated for over 30 years already but still remains unconquered field. XNW14010 is a highly selective KRASG12C inhibitor that is rationally designed from AMG510, another proven covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C with potential antineoplastic activity. Compared to AMG510, XNW14010 demonstrated a better pharmaceutical potential and a better safety profile. XNW14010 does not have an axial chiral center shown in AMG510, thus the production cost of this agent could be vastly reduced. The in vitro efficacy of XNW14010 was tested in a variety of cancer cell lines with either wild type KRAS or different mutant KRAS, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The result shows that XNW14010 potently inhibits the activity of KRASG12C, but not wild type KRAS or KRAS bearing other mutations. Specifically, in a pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2, which bears KRASG12C, the IC50 of XNW14010 is 26 nM. Furthermore, XNW14010 demonstrated a much less plasma protein binding (PPB) than AMG510 (50.4% versus 93.2%, respectively), suggesting much great potential to penetrating into tumor tissue for XNW14010 compared to AMG510. XNW14010 exhibited comparable or superior pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to AMG510 after oral administration in animal studies. More interestingly, XNW14010 has an improved brain penetration capability. The brain/plasma ratio of XNW14010 exposure is two folds as high as that of AMG510 and the Cmax of XNW14010 in brain tissue is also much higher. XNW14010 had a wider therapeutic window and good tolerance compared to AMG510, both in mouse and dog models, suggesting potentially better safety profile in humans. We also compared the antineoplastic activity of XNW14010 with that of AMG510 in vivo in Xenograft mouse models including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The results demonstrated that XNW14010 has comparable antineoplastic activities to AMG510 when administered at the same doses. In pancreatic cancer, the total growth inhibition (TGI) is 90% when administered at the dose of 10 mg/kg QD. Given the better PPB, superior brain penetrating capacity, and similar antineoplastic activitie of XNW14010 compared to AMG510 in non-clinical studies, XNW14010 is expected to be a potent therapeutic candidate in treating cancers bearing KRASG12C, including pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Yonghan Hu, Xin Li, Bin Huang, Liang Kong, Meijie Le, Yan Li, Cungang Liu, Xiaojun Liu, Bin Qian, Jing Qiang, Qifeng Shi, Wengui Wang, Yuchuan Wu, Zhenwei Wu, Linfeng Xu, Jinfeng Zhao. XNW14010:A highly selective KRASG12C inhibitor with potent efficacy in animal model of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A071.
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Jin, Yongzhen. "Feng Huang Nie Pan—Lv You Yu Jing Zhong De Zhe Xi Nan She Zu Wen Hua Bian Qian (Phoenix Nirvana—Cultural Changes of She Ethnic Group in Southwestern Zhejiang in the Context of Tourism). By Yunmei Qiu. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2018. pp. 286. ¥78.00 (paper)." Journal of East Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2019.43.
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Moon, Hyein, Alessandro Innocenti, Maider Zarrabeitia, Stefano Passerini, Huiting Liu, Huang Zhang, and Marcel Weil. "Sustainable and Cost-Effective Bio-Waste-Derived Hard Carbon Synthesis for Sodium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 5 (August 28, 2023): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015944mtgabs.
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The commercialization of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is around the corner to support on electrification of various applications, especially focused on light electromobility and stationary applications. The anode of choice in SIBs is hard carbon (HC) following the success story of graphite anode in lithium-ion batteries. [1-4] One of the greatest advantages of HC is that the bio-waste precursor can be used, enhancing sustainability and provides cheap material price from its abundance. However, bio-waste HC often undergoes a strong acidic/basic pre-/post-treatment for removing impurities and increasing carbon yield but decreases initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and total sodium uptake in turn. [5,6] We attempted to find a more sustainable solvent to replace the traditional method for such HCs. In this work, the morphology, microstructure, and electrochemical performance characteristics of hazelnut shells-derived HCs were investigated when processed in different pre-treatment agents (i.e., no pre-treatment, acid treatment, and water washing). [7] The results reveal that hazelnut shell derived-HCs produced via facile and sustainable water washing outperform those obtained via other processing methods in terms of ICE, capacity uptake and retention. Moreover, the applicability of the hazelnut shell-derived HC is demonstrated in a sodium-ion full-cell. Finally, the cost-ecological effectiveness of sustainably processed HC compared to acid processed one was investigated and confirmed by life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost analysis. [1] CATL, “CATL Unveils Its Latest Breakthrough Technology by Releasing Its First Generation of Sodium-ion Batteries,” 2021. [2] L. Cailloce, https://newscnrsfr/articles/a-battery-revolution-in-motion 2015. [3] S. Kuze, J. Kageura, S. Matsimoto, T. Nakayama, M. Makidera, M. Saka, T. Yamaguchi, T. Yamamoto, K. Nakane, R&D Report 2013, 1–13. [4] A. Rudola, A. J. R. Rennie, R. Heap, S. S. Meysami, A. Lowbridge, F. Mazzali, R. Sayers, C. J. Wright, J. Barker, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2021, 9, 8279–8302. [5] S. Ghosh, R. Santhosh, S. Jeniffer, V. Raghavan, G. Jacob, K. Nanaji, P. Kollu, S. K. Jeong, A. N. Grace, Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 16315. [6] K. L. Hong, L. Qie, R. Zeng, Z. Q. Yi, W. Zhang, D. Wang, W. Yin, C. Wu, Q. J. Fan, W. X. Zhang, Y. H. Huang, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014, 2, 12733–12738. [7] H. Moon, A. Innocenti, H. Liu, H. Zhang, M. Weil, M. Zarrabeitia, S. Passerini, ChemSusChem 2022 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201713
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Li, huihui, Dongdong Zhou, Zeshun Yv, Yuqian Liao, Jie Huang, Shujuan Sun, fangchao zheng, et al. "Abstract PO3-06-07: Efficacy and safety of sintilimab in combination with anlotinib plus metronomic chemotherapy in advanced triple negative breast cancer (SPACE): preliminary results of a single-arm, multicenter phase II trial." Cancer Research 84, no. 9_Supplement (May 2, 2024): PO3–06–07—PO3–06–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po3-06-07.
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Abstract Background: Antiangiogenic drugs have demonstrated synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 antibody in advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Anlotinib is an oral multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that strongly inhibits VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, and c-kit. Preclinical studies showed that metronomic chemotherapy inhibited angiogenesis and enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy in TNBC via modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. We hereby conducted a single-arm, multicenter, phase II trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) plus anlotinib and metronomic chemotherapy as a potential novel therapeutic strategy in advanced TNBC and explore potential biomarkers. Methods: Forty-four cases were planning to be included in this trial. The eligible patients who had received no more than two lines of chemotherapy for metastatic disease were enrolled and received sintilimab (200 mg iv q3w) and anlotinib (12 mg po d1-14 q3w) plus capecitabine (500 mg po, tid) or vinorelbine (40 mg po, tiw) until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints are disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The safety profile has also been assessed. Results: As of April 2023, a total of 44 patients were enrolled, and 42 patients were evaluable for efficacy. 3 patients (7.1%) achieved complete response (CR). 6 patients (14.3%) achieved partial response (PR). 25 patients (59.5%) achieved stable disease (SD).The ORR is 21.4% (95%CI 0.103-0.368) and DCR is 81.0% (95%CI 0.810-0.659). The median PFS was 5.06 months (95%CI 2.051-8.069). The most common grade 1 or 2 adverse events (AEs) include elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (52.38%, 22/42), elevated bilirubin (23.81%, 10/42), hand-foot syndrome (22.22%, 8/42), leukopenia (16.67%,7/42), nausea (14.29%, 6/42). Grade 3 AEs include elevated bilirubin (2.38%, 1/42), hypertension (2.38%, 1/42) and herpes zoster (2.38%, 1/42). No grade 4 or 5 AEs occurred. Conclusions: Our date showed that sintilimab in combination with anlotinib plus metronomic chemotherapy have shown favorable efficacy and acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced TNBC. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2100044725 Citation Format: huihui Li, Dongdong Zhou, Zeshun Yv, Yuqian Liao, Jie Huang, Shujuan Sun, fangchao zheng, Baojiang Li, Shu Fang, Ling Qiang, Guohua Ren, Bing Bu, Pengfei Qiu, Xinzhao Wang, Chao Li, Fangli Cao, Qian Shao, Dali Han, Lihua Song, Baoxuan Zhang, Bingjie Fan, Liang Xu, Xuemei Xie, Xianguang Zhao, Lanping Liu, Wanlong Li, Zhenbo Wang, Changmin Liu, Hui Fu, Xiao Sun, Zhiqiang Shi, Fengxiang Li. Efficacy and safety of sintilimab in combination with anlotinib plus metronomic chemotherapy in advanced triple negative breast cancer (SPACE): preliminary results of a single-arm, multicenter phase II trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-06-07.
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Kim, J. W., J. Y. Jung, H. A. Kim, and C. H. Suh. "AB0141 GUT MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS IN KOREAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1250.2–1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.940.
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BackgroundIn the development of various illnesses including autoimmune diseases, many studies proving the crucial role of gut microbes are gradually being reported. Alterations of gut microbiota can lead to abnormalities in the host immune system, causing autoimmune, which can ac as pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiotas affecting SLE and to investigate their association with disease activities.MethodsFecal samples of 38 patients with SLE in Ajou Lupus Cohort and 52 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers were provided by the same protocol. We analysed the components of the gut microbiota in feces via 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing, and evaluated alpha and beta diversities. Demographic, laboratory, and medication data of SLE patients were obtained through medical records, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyse the association between disease activity and gut microbiota.ResultsWe observed a significant decrease in species richness in the beta diversity analysis by NMDS plots compared to controls in the SLE group. Compared with SLE and healthy controls (HCs), significant differences were found at phylum, genus, species levels in the taxonomic composition. At the species level, there were 7 species with a significantly higher relative abundance and 7 species with a lower relative abundance in the SLE group compared to the HCs, of which the reduction ofFaecalibacterium prausnitziiandPrevotella copri(p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) played an important role in SLE. Pearson correlation analysis suggested thatFaecalibacterium prausnitzii waspositively correlated with complement 3 and complement 4 (r = 0.44 and r = 0.49, respectively), andPrevotella copriwas positively correlated with total lymphocytes (r = 0.45).ConclusionThere was a significant difference in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota between SLE patients and healthy controls in Korean population. In particular,Faecalibacterium prausnitziiandPrevotella copri,which are greatly reduced in patients with SLE, are expected to provide potential targets for new treatment.References[1]Zhan Y, Liu Q, Zhang B, Huang X, Lu Q. Recent advances in systemic lupus erythematosus and microbiota: from bench to bedside. Front Med (2022) 16(5):686-700. Doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0957-7.[2]Chen Y, Lin J, Xiao L, Zhang X, Zhao L, Wang M et al. Gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus: A fuse and a solution. J Autoimmun (2022) 132:102867. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102867.[3]Xiang S, Qu Y, Qian S, Wang R, Wang Y, Jin Y et al. Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disruption of gut microbiota: a meta-analysis. Lupus Sci Med (2022) 9(1):e000599. Doi: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000599.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Chen, Si, Dong Pan, Haiyue Gong, and Patric Jannasch. "Poly(arylene alkylene)s Carrying Quaternary Ammoniums via Flexible Phenylpropyl Spacers as Hydroxide Conducting Membranes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 39 (December 22, 2023): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02391885mtgabs.
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Anion exchange membranes (AEM)s are attracting growing research interests as central components in various alkaline energy conversion and storage devices such as AEM fuel cells and water electrolyzers.1,2 Compared to the devices operated under acidic conditions, the alkaline conditions open up for possibilities to use, e.g., nickel and iron catalysts instead of platinum. However, the insufficient hydroxide conductivity and long-term stability of AEMs at elevated temperatures are still hindering a widespread application of these devices.3 An effective strategy to improve AEM properties by structure design is to functionalize hetero-atom free polymer backbones with quaternary ammonium cations via flexible spacers.4-6 In the present work, we have synthesized a series of AEM materials by tethering three different quaternary ammonium cations to poly(arylene alkylene)s via a phenylpropyl spacer (Figure 1a). The Friedel-Crafts acylation and polyhydroxyalkylation employed in the monomer and polymer syntheses are both free of noble metals and have excellent yields. All the polymers prepared in this way formed robust membranes reaching high hydroxide conductivities – up to 175 mS/cm at 80 °C (Figure 1b). PpT-DMP, carrying dimethyl piperidinium cations, was found to have the highest alkaline stability with less than 7% ionic loss after treatment in 7 M aq. NaOH at 90 oC during 240 h. The hydroxide conductivity of PpT-DMP reached 104 mS/cm at an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.79 mequiv./g., which is still quite high. Atom force microscope (AFM) phase imaging revealed a phase separated morphology of PpT-DMP, most probably involving ion-clustering (Figure 1c). In this presentation we will further discuss the synthesis of these polymers, and influence of the phenylpropyl spacer on AEM properties. [1] Xue, J.; Zhang, J.; Liu, X.; Huang, T.; Jiang, H.; Yin, Y.; Qin, Y.; Guiver, M. D. Toward alkaline-stable anion exchange membranes in fuel cells: cycloaliphatic quaternary ammonium-based anion conductors. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 2022, 5, 348-400. [2] Chatenet, M.; Pollet, B. G.; Dekel, D. R.; Dionigi, F.; Deseure, J.; Millet, P.; Braatz, R. D.; Bazant, M. Z.; Eikerling, M.; Staffell, I.; Balcombe, P.; Horn, Y. S.; Schafer, H. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2022, 51, 4583-4762. [3] Varcoe, J. R.; Atanassov, P.; Dekel, D. R.; Herring, A. M.; Hickner, M. A.; Kohl, P. A.; Kucernak, A. R.; Mustain, W. E.; Nijmeijer, K. N.; Scott, K.; Xu, T.; Zhuang, L. Anion-exchange membranes in electrochemical energy systems. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 3135-3197. [4] Dang, H. S.; Jannasch, P. Exploring different cationic alkyl side chain designs for enhanced alkaline stability and hydroxide ion conductivity of anion-exchange membranes. Macromolecules 2015, 48, 5742-5751. [5] Allushi, A.; Pham, T. P.; Olsson, J. S.; Jannasch, P. Ether-free polyfluorenes tethered with quinuclidinium cations as hydroxide exchange membranes. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 27164-27174. [6] Lee, W. H.; Kim, Y. S.; Bae, C. Robust Hydroxide Ion Conducting Poly(biphenyl alkylene)s for Alkaline Fuel Cell Membranes. ACS Macro Lett. 2015, 4, 814-818. Figure 1. a) Poly(arylene alkylene)s tethered with different quaternary ammonium cations via phenylpropyl spacers, b) hydroxide conductivity of the AEMs in the fully hydrated state, and c) an AFM phase image of PpT-DMP. Figure 1