Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / QMiX / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: QMiX.

Journal articles on the topic 'QMiX'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'QMiX.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Matos, Felipe de Souza, Rayana Duarte Khoury, Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, Frederico Canato Martinho, Eduardo Bresciani, and Marcia Carneiro Valera. "Effect of EDTA and QMIX Ultrasonic Activation on the Reduction of Microorganisms and Endotoxins in Ex Vivo Human Root Canals." Brazilian Dental Journal 30, no. 3 (June 2019): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902470.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of QMiX and 17% EDTA associated to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or manual agitation (MA) on the reduction of E. faecalis, E. coli and LPS from root canals. Forty single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10), according to the final irrigation protocol: EDTA+MA, QMiX+MA, EDTA+PUI, QMiX+PUI. Sample collections were obtained from the root canal content immediately before preparation (baseline-S1), after instrumentation (S2), after final irrigation protocol (S3) and 7 days after instrumentation and final irrigation (S4). The antimicrobial effectivity and on endotoxin content were analyzed by culture procedure (CFU/mL) and LAL assay (EU/mL), respectively. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test (α=5%). QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI reduced 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis bacteria and also prevented E. faecalisregrowth at S4. EDTA significantly reduced E. coli, but it was not effective in reducing E. faecalis. All protocols reduced EU/mL when compared to S1, however at S4 there was a significant reduction of EU/mL only in the QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI groups in relation to S3 and S2, respectively. Final irrigation with QMiX associated with MA or PUI had superior antibacterial efficacy compared to EDTA, eliminating 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis strains. In addition, QMiX+PUI reduced 97.61% of the initial content of LPS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Souza, Matheus Albino, Felipe Trentin Motter, Tobias Pitton Fontana, Marlos Barbosa Ribeiro, Daniela Cristina Miyagaki, and Doglas Cecchin. "Influence of ultrasonic activation in association with different final irrigants on intracanal smear layer removal." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i1.8647092.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim: To evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation (US) with different irrigant regimens in smear layer removal. Methods: One hundred bovine incisors were instrumented and divided into ten groups (n=10) according to final irrigation protocols: distilled water (DW); DW+US; 17% EDTA; QMix; 10% citric acid; 37% phosphoric acid; 17% EDTA+US; QMix+US; 10% citric acid+US; 37% phosphoric acid+US. The samples were then submitted to scanning electron microscopy where a score system was used to evaluate the images and effectiveness of proposed treatments. The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests for intergroup comparisons as well as the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests for intragroup comparisons at 5% significance level. Results: In the cervical third, groups 17% EDTA, QMix, 10% citric acid, 17% EDTA+US, QMix+US and 10% citric acid+US were more effective in smear layer removal (p<0.05); in the middle third, groups 17% EDTA+US and QMix+US were more effective in smear layer removal (p<0.05); in the apical third, groups 17% EDTA,17% EDTA+US and QMix+US were more effective in smear layer removal (p<0.05). Conclusions: US can aid 17% EDTA and QMix in smear layer removal at the middle third and QMix at the apical third, contributing to the cleaning of root canal system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Koçak, Mustafa Murat, Sibel Koçak, Baran C. Saġlam, and Sevinç A. Türker. "Influence of QMix Irrigant on the Accuracy of Four Different Electronic Apex Locators." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 5, no. 1 (2016): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1118.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of four different electronic apex locators in the presence of various irrigation solutions or dry canal condition. Nineteen mandibular incisor teeth were selected. The real working lengths (RWL) of teeth were measured with #15 K-file. The electronic working lengths (EWLs) were measured with Root ZX mini, Raypex 6, iPex II, and Propex II under the condition of dry canal and in the presence of sodium hypochlorite and QMix. The difference between EWL and RWL was calculated. Root ZX mini was more accurate than Propex II under dry condition. No difference was found between the electronic apex locators in the presence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). In the presence of QMix, Propex II and Root ZX mini demonstrated more accurate measurements than iPex II. Root ZX mini was found more accurate under dry condition than in the presence of QMix. Raypex 6 demonstrated more accuracy in the presence of QMix when compared with NaOCl. iPex II showed similar measurements with all tested solutions. Propex II was more accurate in the presence of QMix. All devices can be considered reliable when used with QMix irrigation solution and with any irrigant. How to cite this article Koçak MM, Koçak S, Sa?lam BC, Türker SA. Influence of QMix Irrigant on the Accuracy of Four Different Electronic Apex Locators. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):23-27.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Öztekin, Faruk, and Özkan Adıgüzel. "The effects of different irrigation agents on root canal dentine micro-hardness and surface roughness." International Dental Research 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no1.3.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim: Successful endodontic treatments rely on sufficient mechanical preparation and irrigation of the root canal followed by an adequate three-dimensional filling. This study investigated the changes in root dentine micro-hardness and surface roughness upon treatment with different irrigating agents. Methodology: A total of 60 human maxillary incisors and canine teeth were used in this study. The crowns of all teeth were decoronated and roots were divided longitudinally. The samples were separated into three groups prior to irrigation. A 5% NaOCl irrigation agent was applied to the first group, a QMix agent was used for the second group, and a 2% CHX agent was used for the third group. All irrigations were performed for 15 minutes. Following irrigation, microstructural and surface-roughness measurements were taken again from all samples. Results: Micro-hardness was not significantly different between QMix or 5% NaOCl (p>0.05). A significant difference was observed between the QMix- and 2% CHX-treated groups, and between the 5% NaOCl- and QMix-treated groups (p<0.05). A significant difference in surface roughness was observed between the QMix and 2% CHX, and between the 5% NaOCl and QMix (p<0.05). No difference in surface roughness was observed between 5% NaOCl or 2% CHX. The 5% NaOCl and QMix agents reduced the dentine micro-hardness equal to or more than that of the 2% CHX agent. The QMix agent also increased the dentine surface roughness significantly more than the other agents. The 5% NaOCl and 2% CHX agents increased surface roughness equally. Conclusions: It was seen that all of the irrigation agents used in our study affected dentin microhardness and surface roughness at different rates. How to cite this article: Öztekin F, Adıgüzel Ö. The effects of different irrigation agents on root canal dentine micro-hardness and surface roughness. Int Dent Res 2019;9(1):16-21. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Singh, Gautam, Charul Gupta, Mahesh P. Singh, Kunwar S. Singh, and Abhishek Mishra. "Effect of QMix 2 in 1, BioPure MTAD and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An in vitro Study." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 7, no. 1 (2017): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1169.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the effect of QMix, a mixture of tetracycline, citric acid, and detergent (MTAD), and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) on the microhardness of the root canal dentin. Materials and methods A total of 30 single-rooted teeth were decoronated at 15 mm from the root apex. Root canal instrumen- tation using step back technique was done and the specimens were split into two halves using diamond disc. These were embedded in acrylic blocks and sent for testing by Vickers hard- ness test. The other half of the specimens was divided into four groups. Control group: In this, normal saline was used. Group I: MTAD was used. Group II: 17% EDTA was used. Group IV: QMix 2 in 1 (DENTSPLY) was used. The specimens were immersed in test irrigant for 5 minutes in closed glass plates. The tested specimens were sent for Vickers hardness test under 100 gm load for 15 seconds. The post Vickers hardness number readings were recorded and sent for statistical analysis. Results Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc test was applied for pairwise comparison. QMix showed significantly less reduction in microhardness than EDTA and QMix: Normal saline > QMix>EDTA>MTAD. Conclusion QMix as a root canal irrigant is efficient as it caused least reduction of microhardness of dentin. It has antibacterial properties and is also efficient for smear layer removal. How to cite this article Gupta C, Singh G, Singh MP, Agarwal M, Singh KS, Mishra A. Effect of QMix 2 in 1, BioPure MTAD and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):17-20.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Arslan, Dilara, Mehmet Burak Guneser, Alper Kustarci, Kursat Er, and Seyda Herguner Siso. "Pulp tissue dissolution capacity of QMix 2in1 irrigation solution." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 03 (July 2015): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.163229.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue dissolution efficacy of four root canal irrigation solutions (sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], chlorhexidine gluconate [CHX], Octenidine [OCT], and QMix 2in1) on bovine pulp tissue. Materials and Methods: Fifty bovine pulp tissue samples, each weighing 6.55 mg, were prepared and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 10) according to the dissolution irrigants used: (1) 5.25% NaOCl group; (2) 2% CHX group; (3) OCT group; (4) QMix 2in1 group; and (5) control group (saline solution). These samples were then placed into special bovine dentin reservoir models and immersed for 1 h with each test solution (0.1 mL of each) at room temperature. The pulp samples were then blotted dry and weighed again. The percentage of weight loss was calculated. Statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests (P = 0.05). Results: Saline solution did not dissolve the bovine pulp tissue. All groups, except OCT, dissolved pulp samples more effectively than the control group (P < 0.05). The highest tissue dissolution was observed in 5.25% NaOCl group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the tissue-dissolving effect between QMix 2in1 and those of 2% CHX. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, NaOCl exhibited the best tissue-dissolving effect out of all solutions tested. CHX and QMix 2in1 were able to dissolve pulp tissue but less than NaOCl. OCT and saline solutions could not exhibit significantly tissue-dissolving effectiveness. This study shown that QMix 2in1 has little capacity to dissolve pulp tissue therefore used alone is not sufficient for this purpose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lima, Carolina Oliveira de, Fernanda Leal Fonseca de Carvalho, Sandra Rivera Fidel, Celso Neiva Campos, Jefferson Jose de Carvalho Marion, Rivail Antonio Sergio Fidel, and Maíra do Prado. "Efeito de diferentes protocolos de irrigação final na remoção da smear layer." Dental Press Endodontics 9, no. 2 (May 24, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2358-2545.9.2.043-049.oar.

Full text

Abstract:

Objetivo: esse estudo avaliou o efeito de protocolos de irrigação final, associados ao uso de EDTA e QMix, na remoção de smear layer. Métodos: foram utilizados 40 dentes humanos com canal único. Os canais foram instrumentados com sistema ProTaper Universal SX-F3. As substâncias químicas utilizadas durante o preparo foram hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25% (NaOCl) ou clorexidina a 2% (CHX) gel. Terminado o preparo, os dentes foram divididos em oito grupos, de acordo com os irrigantes: G1) NaOCl 5,25% + EDTA 17% + NaOCl 5,25%; G2) NaOCl 5,25% + EDTA 17% + água destilada (AD); G3) NaOCl 5,25% + QMix + NaOCl 5,25%; G4) NaOCl 5,25% + QMix + AD; G5) CHX 2% gel + EDTA 17% + CHX 2% solução; G6) CHX 2% gel + EDTA 17% + AD; G7) CHX 2% gel + QMix + CHX 2% solução e G8) CHX 2% gel + QMix + AD. As amostras foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura ambiental, antes e após os protocolos de irrigação final. As imagens foram classificadas por escores, em relação à presença de smear layer, e os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: o G1 mostrou os melhores resultados em relação à remoção de smear layer (p < 0,05). A CHX gel 2% mostrou menor formação de smear layer, quando comparada ao NaOCl, após o preparo biomecânico; e o NaOCl apresentou melhor limpeza como irrigante final (p < 0,05). Conclusões: o NaOCl como irrigante final, combinado ao EDTA, mostrou melhor capacidade de remoção da smear layer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bjelovic, Ljiljana, Jelena Krunic, Nikola Stojanovic, Jelena Eric, and Tatjana Kanjevac. "Evaluation of permeability of root dentin after different irrigation protocols." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 9-10 (2018): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170731193b.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction/Objective. This study was aimed at evaluating dentin permeability after irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and final rinse with chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) + CHX, and new combination products: QMiX or MTAD. Methods. Roots of 60 maxillary incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12) before instrumentation and irrigation with NaOCl according to the final irrigation regimen: CHX (2% CHX), EDTA + CHX (17% EDTA + 2% CHX), QMiX, MTAD, and control group (distilled water). After final irrigation, ten roots of each group were horizontally sectioned and dye penetration was evaluated in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Remaining samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey?s test. Results. Less dye penetration was found in CHX group compared with control as well as with QMiX and MTAD group in all thirds (p < 0.05). A significant difference between the control and EDTA + CHX, QMiX or MTAD group was observed only in the apical root third (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Dentin permeability was significantly reduced after final irrigation with CHX, but not after use of other final irrigation solutions, except in the apical third of the root canal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kapoor, Sidharth, Naveen Manuja, Seema Chaudhary, Harsimran Kaur, Chaitra TR, and Ashish Amit Sinha. "Effect of Qmix and Other Irrigants on Dentin Adhesives in Pulp Chambers of Primary Teeth: SEM Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 5 (January 1, 2017): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.5.363.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To compare the effect of different endodontic irrigants on microleakage of adhesives used within pulp chamber of primary molars. Study Design: 72 Primary molars were divided into 6 groups, according to 3 irrigants and 2 adhesives used. After de-roofing the pulp chamber, pulp was extirpated. In 36 samples, pulp chambers were bonded with Xeno V+ after irrigation with either QMix (Group1); 17%EDTA+5%NaOCl (Group2) or normal saline (Group3) and in other half samples, pulp chambers were bonded with SinglebondUniversal after irrigation with either QMix (Group 4); 17%EDTA+5% NaOCl (Group5) or normal saline (Group 6). All the samples were restored with Filtek Z350. Ten teeth from each group were assessed for dye penetration. Two samples in each group were viewed under scanning electron microscope. Data was statistically analyzed using Mann–Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Mean microleakage scores were: Group 1-1.5±0.70, Group 2-1.6±.51, Group 3-2.4±0.96, Group 4-1.2±0.42, Group 5-1.2±0.42, Group 6-1.1±0.32. Conclusions: Irrigation with QMix significantly reduced the microleakage of XenoV+ but had no significant effect on microleakage of SinglebondUniversal. Irrigation with EDTA/NaOCl or QMix had no detrimental effect on the sealing ability of either of the adhesive tested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Tanomaru-Filho, Mario, Camila Almeida Nascimento, Norberto Batista Faria-Junior, Gisele Faria, and Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru. "Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus faecalis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 5 (2014): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1586.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) alone or associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX against biofilm and planktonic Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [American type culture collection (ATCC) 29212]. Materials and methods The solutions 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR, 2% CHX, 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR, 0.2% CTR, and QMiX were evaluated. E. faecalis biofilms were induced for 14 days on bovine dentin blocks. The irrigants were evaluated after contact with E. faecalis suspension and biofilm for 1 and 3 minutes. After that, serial decimal dilutions were made and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and the colony-forming unit (CFU) 1 ml was determined. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance. Results All microorganisms were eliminated by direct contact of the irrigants with planktonic cells. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR were able to completely eliminate the microorganisms by direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm. CHX presented effectiveness similar to CHX + CTR CTR, and QMiX after 1 minute of contact and similar to NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR after 3 minutes (p > 0.05), but was unable to completely eliminate the microorganisms. CTR and QMiX did not differ from each other. Conclusion CTR addition to CHX and NaOCl solutions did not improve the antimicrobial activity against biofilm. All evaluated irrigants and associations presented activity against planktonic E. faecalis. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR eliminated biofilm after 1 and 3 minutes of direct contact. Clinical relevance Addition of CTR does not modify the antibiofilm effectiveness of CHX and NaOCl. How to cite this article Nascimento CA, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria-Junior NB, Faria G, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus Faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):603-607.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Prado, M. C., F. Leal, R. A. Simão, H. Gusman, and M. Prado. "Effect of QMix with ultrasonic irrigation in smear layer removal." Dental Materials 30 (2014): e118-e119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.246.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Naeem, Alaa M., and Iman M. Al-Zaka. "The influence of different root canal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of AH plus and Bioceramic sealers." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 33, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v33i2.2935.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The bond strength of endodontic sealers with dentin is a very important property for maintaining the integrity and seal of the root canal filling. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of various irrigants (QMix, 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl) on the push-out bond strength of AH plus and Bioceramic sealers. Materials and methods: Forty eight freshly extracted maxillary first molars human teeth with striaght palatal root were used in the study. The collected samples were randomly divided into three groups of equal sample size (n=16), according to the final irrigation regimen as follows: Group (1): QMix 2 in 1, Group (2): 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Group (3): 2.5% sodium hypochloride. All samples were instrumented using Edge file X7 rotary instrument reaching file size 40/.04 as the final master apical file. After that each group was randomly divided into two subgroups (n=8) according to the type of sealer used: AH Plus and Total Fill BC Sealer. Obturation was conducted using single cone technique with gutta percha (GP) to all experimental roots. Two-millimeter thick slices were obtained from the middle section of the root. Bond strength of sealers was measured via a universal testing machine by using stainless steel plunger. Then, the data were statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test (Bonferroni’s test). Results: The push-out bond strength was significantly increased by the “irrigant” factor (P≤0.05) and by “sealer/irrigation solution” interaction (P≤0.05). Final rinse with QMix solution with BC sealer showed the highest mean value of bond strength (5.976 MPa), with a significant difference with other groups (P≤0.05), while NaOCl with AH Plus sealer showed the lowest mean value of bond strength (3.811 MPa). Conclusion: Final irrigation of the root canals with different irrigants improved the endodontic sealer's bond strength, and QMix had a positive influence on the adhesion of BC sealer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Manoj Chandak, Richa Modi, Aditya Patel, Pooja Chandak, Madhulika Chandak, Rakhi Chandak, and Anuja Ikhar. "Comparative assessment of various root canal sealer for failure mode after obturation; An in vitro study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 7994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.4725.

Full text

Abstract:

Success of root canal treatment depends upon five major steps. Among them, biomechanical preparation is most important. Root canal system shows various anatomical variations. These variations will help microorganism to harbour themselves. In order to disinfect the root canal, various irrigating solutions are used. These chemical solutions may change the surface characteristics of root dentin. Hence, this study was carried out with an aim- to determine the failure mode of sealer after obturation using the various irrigating solution. The study was carried out using 40 extracted premolars. Biomechanical preparation was done using the crown down technique. Various irrigating solutions, namely, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, QMIX 2 in1, 17% EDTA liquid were used for irrigation. Later obturation was done using AH plus sealer and cold condensation technique. A section of 5mm root was obtained at the middle one third. Push out bond strength was evaluated and the mode of failure of the sealer was noted. The maximum number of mixed failure mode (n=7) in Qmix 2 in1as well as in 2% CHX. Similarly, in 5.25% NaOCl, 8 samples showed Mixed failure mode. However, in 17% EDTA, the equal number of the sample had Adhesive and Mixed type of failure mode (n=5). Use of EDTA + CHX or QMix during final irrigation significantly improved sealer penetratin resulting in impervious seal to the obturation. Thus contributing to the success of endodontic treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kara Tuncer, Aysun. "Effect of QMix 2in1 on Sealer Penetration into the Dentinal Tubules." Journal of Endodontics 41, no. 2 (February 2015): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.10.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Stojicic, S., Y. Shen, W. Qian, B. Johnson, and M. Haapasalo. "Antibacterial and smear layer removal ability of a novel irrigant, QMiX." International Endodontic Journal 45, no. 4 (November 16, 2011): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01985.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kara Tuncer, A., S. Tuncer, and SH Siso. "Effect of QMix irrigant on the microhardness of root canal dentine." Australian Dental Journal 60, no. 2 (February 26, 2015): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adj.12242.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

GRÜNDLING, Grasiela Longhi, Tiago André Fontoura de MELO, Francisco MONTAGNER, Roberta Kochenborger SCARPARO, and Fabiana Vieira VIER-PELISSER. "QMix® irrigant reduces lipopolysacharide (LPS) levels in an in vitro model." Journal of Applied Oral Science 23, no. 4 (August 2015): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720140488.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Arslan, Dilara, Mehmet Burak Guneser, Asiye Nur Dincer, Alper Kustarci, Kursat Er, and Seyda Herguner Siso. "Comparison of Smear Layer Removal Ability of QMix with Different Activation Techniques." Journal of Endodontics 42, no. 8 (August 2016): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Chaudhary, Anjum, Mohit Kumar, and Sonali Taneja. "Evaluation of the effect of calcium hydroxide and endodontic irrigants on the push-out bond strength of fiber post - an in vitro study." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 91, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-999.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. In recent years, fibre-reinforced composite posts have been proposed for the restoration of root filled teeth as an alternative to pre-fabricated posts or metal dowels.Aims and objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of endodontic irrigants used for removal of calcium hydroxide on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root canal dentin.Methods. Forty human permanent single-rooted mandibular premolars with relatively straight roots were taken and access cavities were prepared and biomechanical preparation done using Rotar Y protaper file till size F2. The samples were divided into Experimental group and Control group. In Experimental groups Intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide was removed by 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA (Group1), MTAD (Group II) and Qmix (Group III). Control group did not receive Intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing. Canals were obturated using size F2 protaper gutta-percha points and AH plus sealer. After storage for 24 hours, post space was prepared. Forty Tenax fiber post (Coltene) were cemented with Rely X U200 resin. The roots were then transversally sectioned into 3 slices of 1mm thickness corresponding to cervical, middle and apical third. The slices obtained were subjected to micro-push-out bond strength test using a universal testing machine. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA test. P value of .05 was considered as statistically significant level.Results. The mean push-out bond strength values for controls, NaOCl/EDTA, MTAD and QMIX group at cervical third were 10.17, 15.84, 20.39 and 20.98 whereas at apical third 4.78, 8.85, 11.66 and 12.10.Conclusion. Qmix showed higher push-out bond strength values followed by MTAD and NaOCl/EDTA. All the groups showed lowest push-out bond strength values in the apical third followed by middle and the maximum in the cervical region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Nogo-Zivanovic, Dajana, Ljiljana Bjelovic, Vladimir Ivanovic, Tatjana Kanjevac, and Irena Tanaskovic. "Consideration of the Therapeutic Potential of Irrigants in Endodontic Therapy." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2016-0095.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe main objective of endodontic treatment is to remove vital and necrotic remnants of pulp tissue and microorganisms and their toxic products from the root canal. During chemo-mechanical endodontic preparation, a smear layer is formed on the wall of the canals. Due to an inability to remove all tissue remnants and the smear layer from the root canal by mechanical instrumentation, it is necessary to use irrigation to ensure sufficient cleaning and disinfection of the largest part of the root canalicular system. The most commonly used irrigants are sodium hypochlorite (Na-OCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid and chlorhexidine (CHX). Recently, the irrigants QMix and MTAD have been introduced to the market. They are a mixture of different components having antimicrobial, organolytic and mineralytic effects on canal detritus and the smear layer. This review article investigates irrigants in terms of the nature of their effect, their efficiency, optimal concentration, and method of use, and the interactions between the irrigants most commonly used in endodontic therapy are discussed, with special emphasis on QMix and MTAD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Koizumi, Satoshi, Yohei Noda, Tomoki Maeda, Takumi Inada, Satoru Ueda, Takako Fujisawa, Hideki Izunome, Robert A. Robinson, and Henrich Frielinghaus. "Advanced Small-Angle Scattering Instrument Available in the Tokyo Area. Time-Of-Flight, Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Developed on the iMATERIA Diffractometer at the High Intensity Pulsed Neutron Source J-PARC." Quantum Beam Science 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs4040042.

Full text

Abstract:

A method of time-of-flight, small-angle neutron scattering (TOF-SANS) has been developed based on the iMATERIA powder diffractometer at BL20, of the Materials and Life Sciences Facility (MLF) at the high-intensity proton accelerator (J-PARC). A large-area detector for SANS, which is composed of triple-layered 3He tube detectors, has a hole at its center in order to release a direct beam behind and to detect ultra-small-angle scattering. As a result, the pulsed-neutron TOF method enables us to perform multiscale observations covering 0.003 < q (Å−1) < 40 (qmax/qmix = 1.3 × 104) and to determine the static structure factor S(q) and/or form factor P(q) under real-time and in-situ conditions. Our challenge, using unique sample accessories of a super-conducting magnet and polarized neutron, is dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) for contrast variation, especially for industrial use. To reinforce conventional SANS measurements with powder materials, grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) or reflectivity is also available on the iMATERIA instrument.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Garrett, John, and Ghassan Yassin. "QMix: A Python package for simulating the quasiparticle tunneling currents in SIS junctions." Journal of Open Source Software 4, no. 35 (March 20, 2019): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.01231.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Arslan, H., A. D. Uygun, A. Keskin, E. Karatas, F. Seçkin, and A. Yıldırım. "Evaluation of orange-brown precipitate formed in root canals after irrigation with chlorhexidine and QMix and spectroscopic analysis of precipitates produced by a mixture of chlorhexidine/NaOCl and QMix/NaOCl." International Endodontic Journal 48, no. 12 (January 17, 2015): 1199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.12427.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Giardino, Luciano, Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade, and Riccardo Beltrami. "Antimicrobial Effect and Surface Tension of Some Chelating Solutions with Added Surfactants." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 5 (October 2016): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600985.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy and surface tension of established irrigating solutions with a new experimental chelating solution in infected dentin tubes. Twenty-five specimens were randomly assigned to each of the irrigating solutions. Twenty specimens were used as negative and positive controls. After 21 days of contamination with E. faecalis, the irrigating solutions MTAD, QMiX and Tetraclean NA were delivered into each infected root canal. The solutions were removed and dentin samples were withdrawn from the root canals with sterile low-speed round burs with increasing ISO diameters. The dentin powder samples obtained with each bur were immediately collected in separate test tubes containing 3 mL of BHI broth. After that, 100 μL from each test tube was cultured on blood agar. The grown colonies were counted and recorded as colony-forming units (CFU). The surface tension of the irrigants was measured using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer. A Kruskal Wallis nonparametric ANOVA and a Friedman test were used (p<0.05). Tetraclean NA showed lower surface tension and CFU values than MTAD and QMiX. Better antibacterial action and low surface tension were observed for Tetraclean NA, probably due to the improved penetration into the root canal and dentinal tubes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wahjuningrum, DianAgustin, MakkunraiEka Kramatawati Elizabeth, FikariniHadi Puteri, AndiAinul Mardiyah, and Ari Subiyanto. "Cytotoxicity assay of sodium hypochlorite and QMix on cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells." Journal of International Oral Health 11, no. 4 (2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_48_19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bago Jurič, Ivona, Vanda Plečko, Ivica Anić, Sanja Pleško, Suzana Jakovljević, Jean Paul Rocca, and Etienne Medioni. "Antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy, Nd:YAG laser and QMiX solution against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 13 (March 2016): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.176.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Elnaghy, A. M. "Effect of QMix irrigant on bond strength of glass fibre posts to root dentine." International Endodontic Journal 47, no. 3 (July 6, 2013): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.12145.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Aksel, Hacer, Ahmet Serper, Sukru Kalayci, Guler Somer, and Cevat Erisken. "Effects of QMix and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on decalcification and erosion of root canal dentin." Microscopy Research and Technique 79, no. 11 (August 8, 2016): 1056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22745.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Gupta, Shilpi, Mallikarjuna Kenchappa, Puneet Gupta, Sandhya Chaurasiya, Priyamvada Sharma, and Saurabh Satyarth. "Smear layer removal in primary teeth using a novel irrigant, QMix: An in vitro study." Journal of Cranio-Maxillary Diseases 4, no. 2 (2015): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-9588.163258.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Venghat, Shaheen, and Mithra Hegde. "Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Efficacy Using QMix 2in1, Chitosan, Smear Clear and Glyde." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 13, no. 4 (January 10, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2016/23185.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kalyoncuoglu, E., ESen Tunc, S. Ozer, C. Keskin, K. Bilgin, and A. Birinci. "Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1 as a final irrigant: An in vitro study." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 19, no. 6 (2016): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.164344.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Taneja, Sonali, Manju Kumari, and Surbhi Anand. "Effect of QMix, peracetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on calcium loss and microhardness of root dentine." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 17, no. 2 (2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.128058.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Souza, Matheus Albino, Amanda Montagner, Daniel Lima Dalla Lana, Cristina Mattos Pimental Vidal, Ana Paula Farina, and Doglas Cecchin. "Comparative evaluation of the retaining of QMix and chlorhexidine formulations on human dentin: a chemical analysis." Clinical Oral Investigations 21, no. 3 (April 30, 2016): 873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1837-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Eliot, Colin, John F. Hatton, Gregory P. Stewart, Charles F. Hildebolt, M. Jane Gillespie, and James L. Gutmann. "The effect of the irrigant QMix on removal of canal wall smear layer: an ex vivo study." Odontology 102, no. 2 (January 19, 2013): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-012-0102-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Koçak, Sibel, Ersan Çiçek, Baran Can Sağlam, Mustafa Murat Koçak, and Sevinç Aktemur Türker. "Influence of Diode Laser Application on the Efficiency of QMiX and EDTA Solutions in Removing Smear Layer." Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 33, no. 11 (November 2015): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2015.3910.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Irmak, Özgür, Ekim Onur Orhan, Kamuran Görgün, and Batu Can Yaman. "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy analysis of precipitate formed after mixing sodium hypochlorite and QMix 2in1." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): e0202081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202081.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Yılmaz, Koray, Pelin Tüfenkçi, and Mehmet Adıgüzel. "The effects of QMix and EndoActivator on postoperative pain in mandibular molars with nonvital pulps: a randomized clinical trial." Clinical Oral Investigations 23, no. 11 (February 27, 2019): 4173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02856-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ballal, Nidambur Vasudev, Isha Jain, and Franklin R. Tay. "Evaluation of the smear layer removal and decalcification effect of QMix, maleic acid and EDTA on root canal dentine." Journal of Dentistry 51 (August 2016): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.06.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Dai, Lin, Khaled Khechen, Sara Khan, Brian Gillen, Bethany A. Loushine, Courtney E. Wimmer, James L. Gutmann, David Pashley, and Franklin R. Tay. "The Effect of QMix, an Experimental Antibacterial Root Canal Irrigant, on Removal of Canal Wall Smear Layer and Debris." Journal of Endodontics 37, no. 1 (January 2011): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.10.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Pai, Swathi, and Manuel S. Thomas. "The Effect of QMix, an Experimental Antibacterial Root Canal Irrigant, on Removal of Canal Wall Smear Layer and Debris." Journal of Endodontics 37, no. 6 (June 2011): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.04.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mohammed, Menna, Tawfik Hossam, and Abeer Elgindy. "The Effect of Qmix and Sodium Hypochlorite as Root Canal Irrigants on Root Canal Cleanliness Using Different Irrigation Techniques." Ain Shams Dental Journal 18, no. 2 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0032636.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Nguimalet, Cyriaque Rufin. "Changements enregistrés sur les extrêmes hydrologiques de l’Oubangui à Bangui (République centrafricaine) : analyse des tendances." Revue des sciences de l’eau 30, no. 3 (March 28, 2018): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044246ar.

Full text

Abstract:

Principal affluent septentrional du Congo, l’Oubangui à Bangui a un bassin transfrontalier, s’étendant en RDC (République démocratique du Congo) sur 499 000 km2. Quatre variantes du climat tropical humide influencent son régime selon un gradient pluviométrique sud-nord (1 600-1 000 mm) mais la soudano-guinéenne prédomine sur la majeure partie du bassin. Cet article caractérise les fluctuations des débits (Q) extrêmes (crues et étiages) de l’Oubangui et les tendances enregistrées dans le temps, au regard de la variabilité hydrologique notée depuis 1971. Des données de débits moyens journaliers extrêmes, maximum (Qmax) et minimum (Qmin) sur la période 1911-2014, ont été utilisées. Des tests statistiques (indices d’irrégularité R, recherches des tendances et changements de dates d’apparition des crues et étiages, etc.) leur ont été appliqués pour identifier parmi les périodes hydroclimatiques dans le bassin de l’Oubangui, laquelle détermine l’instabilité et/ou la stabilité du régime de ces extrêmes hydrologiques. Ainsi, les Qmax et Qmin ont connu une période de stabilité grossière, relayée par une baisse relativement plus sévère sur les Qmin (R = 0,64) que sur les Qmax (R = 0,56). Cette tendance est confirmée sur l’évolution du coefficient A (R = 0,56), alors que les indices d’irrégularité R ordinaire (R = 0,51) et décennal (R = 0,83), et le coefficient de tarissement (R = 0,59) présentent des degrés relatifs de hausse ou de sécheresse hydrologique sur l’Oubangui à Bangui. La corrélation Qmax/Qmin montre une tendance moyenne à la hausse (R = 0,51), laquelle ferait noter que la faible réduction des Qmax équilibre la baisse accentuée des Qmin. En effet, cette dégradation hydrologique est diversement notable sur l’Oubangui : 16 % de réduction sur les Qmax depuis 1975 contre 47 % sur les Qmin depuis 1982. Ceci confirme en outre l’ampleur de la sécheresse actuelle, tarissant ou disparaissant de sous-affluents. Aussi, les dates de crue sont elles passées d’octobre (1911-2014) à novembre (1971-2014) et celles d’étiage de mars-avril (1911-2014) à avril (1971-2014). Les crues d’inondation se réduisent aussi au profit des crues moyennes et des étiages de plus en plus prononcés. Cela est établi par les ruptures (segmentation de Hubert) montrant une baisse sur les Qmax (R = 0,84) et Qmin (R = 0,81). Dans ce contexte, une exacerbation de ces tendances positives ou négatives (baisse des crues et étiages, et/ou sévérité des étiages) engendrera de notables impacts sociétaux à Bangui et le long de ce corridor fluvial.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Aydın, Zeliha Uğur, Taha Özyürek, Büşra Keskin, and Talat Baran. "Effect of chitosan nanoparticle, QMix, and EDTA on TotalFill BC sealers’ dentinal tubule penetration: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study." Odontology 107, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-018-0359-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Küçük, Meltem, and Fatma Kermeoğlu. "Efficacy of different irrigation methods on dentinal tubule penetration of Chlorhexidine, QMix and Irritrol: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study." Australian Endodontic Journal 45, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12309.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Shrestha, Rajesh R., Jennifer Pesklevits, Daqing Yang, Daniel L. Peters, and Yonas B. Dibike. "Climatic Controls on Mean and Extreme Streamflow Changes Across the Permafrost Region of Canada." Water 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050626.

Full text

Abstract:

Climatic change is affecting streamflow regimes of the permafrost region, altering mean and extreme streamflow conditions. In this study, we analyzed historical trends in annual mean flow (Qmean), minimum flow (Qmin), maximum flow (Qmax) and Qmax timing across 84 hydrometric stations in the permafrost region of Canada. Furthermore, we related streamflow trends with temperature and precipitation trends, and used a multiple linear regression (MLR) framework to evaluate climatic controls on streamflow components. The results revealed spatially varied trends across the region, with significantly increasing (at 10% level) Qmin for 43% of stations as the most prominent trend, and a relatively smaller number of stations with significant Qmean, Qmax and Qmax timing trends. Temperatures over both the cold and warm seasons showed significant warming for >70% of basin areas upstream of the hydrometric stations, while precipitation exhibited increases for >15% of the basins. Comparisons of the 1976 to 2005 basin-averaged climatological means of streamflow variables with precipitation and temperature revealed a positive correlation between Qmean and seasonal precipitation, and a negative correlation between Qmean and seasonal temperature. The basin-averaged streamflow, precipitation and temperature trends showed weak correlations that included a positive correlation between Qmin and October to March precipitation trends, and negative correlations of Qmax timing with October to March and April to September temperature trends. The MLR-based variable importance analysis revealed the dominant controls of precipitation on Qmean and Qmax, and temperature on Qmin. Overall, this study contributes towards an enhanced understanding of ongoing changes in streamflow regimes and their climatic controls across the Canadian permafrost region, which could be generalized for the broader pan-Arctic regions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Aksel, Hacer, and Ahmet Serper. "Concentration and time-dependent effect of initial sodium hypochlorite on the ability of QMix and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to remove smear layer." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 20, no. 3 (2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.218314.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Nogo‐Živanović, Dajana, Tatjana Kanjevac, Ljiljana Bjelović, Vladimir Ristić, and Irena Tanasković. "The effect of final irrigation with MTAD, QMix, and EDTA on smear layer removal and mineral content of root canal dentin." Microscopy Research and Technique 82, no. 6 (February 20, 2019): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23239.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Kolanu, Sreeha K., Bolla Nagesh, Phani HD Vaaka, and Swapnika Polineni. "Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Ability of Novel Irrigant QMix compared with Others at Apical Third of the Root." World Journal of Dentistry 9, no. 3 (2018): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1537.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Vaid, Deepa, Nimisha Shah, Dwij Kothari, and Priyanka Bilgi. "Additive effect of photoactivated disinfection on the antibacterial activity of QMix 2in1 against 6-week Enterococcus faecalis biofilms: An in vitro study." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 20, no. 1 (2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.209072.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Banode, AnkurMahesh, Vandana Gade, Sanjay Patil, Jaykumar Gade, Deepika Chandhok, and Roshan Sinkar. "Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal with 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, 10% Citric Acid and Newer Irrigant QMix: In Vitro Study." Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 1, no. 2 (2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2393-8692.172030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!