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1
Myra, A. Abayon. "Diversity of macrobenthic invertebrates in the mangrove ecosystem of Leyte, Philippines." Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 25, no. 5 (2024): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14644186.
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A study on benthic macroinvertebrates was conducted in the coastal areas of Barangay Old Kawayan in Tacloban City and Barangay Tangan in Carigara, Leyte, focusing on the species diversity within the sites’ mangrove ecosystems. The study employed quadrat and transect sampling methods, with two stations established at each site. Within each station, three transects were laid perpendicular to the shoreline to gather data. In Old Kawayan, 15 species and a total of 2,107 macrobenthic invertebrates were found, with the girdled horn snail (<em>Cerithideosilla </em>spp) being the most abundant species at 1,434 individuals. In contrast, Tangan Carigara recorded seven distinct species with a total count of 111 individuals, dominated by the telescope shell (<em>Telescopium </em>spp), which had 35 individuals. The study sites recorded members belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (four different species) and Phylum Mollusca (eleven different species), with the latter showing a significantly high relative abundance of 93.73%. The community of Tangan Carigara exhibited higher species richness and evenness, making it a more diverse and balanced ecosystem, while the community of Old Kawayan showed higher species dominance. The contrasting factors between the two study sites include water salinity, the presence of a sandy substrate, and the specific mangrove species present. Understanding the population numbers of individuals in the study sites is crucial for gaining valuable insights into the conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems. published by the <strong> Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)</strong>
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Muhammad Rafique Pitafi. "A Statistical Comparison of Box Quadrat, Open Quadrat and Transect Sampling Techniques for Accurate Diversity and Abundance Assessment of Oedipodinae Grasshopper Community." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 01 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2025.0901390.
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Accurate monitoring of grasshopper populations is vital for understanding ecosystem health and for the formulation of conservation strategies. This research compares the efficacy of three sampling techniques such as Box Quadrat, Open Quadrat, and Transect for assessing grasshopper diversity and abundance in the grasslands of Sindh Agriculture University, TandoJam, Pakistan, over a period from May to September 2023. A total area of 40m² was surveyed using each method to evaluate their effectiveness in capturing species richness and population density. These results reveal that the method is superior in terms of capturing species diversity, identifying 25% more species compared to the Box Quadrat and 15% more than the Open Quadrat. The Transect method also demonstrated the highest statistical significance in estimating population density, with a 20% lower coefficient of variation compared to the other methods. In contrast, the Box Quadrat method showing good precision in density estimates, identified four species overall, indicating a trade-off between precision and speciesdiversity. The Open Quadrat method, with its moderate variability, provided intermediate results but was less effective in consistently capturing rare species. Findings highlight the Transect method’s effectiveness in providing a comprehensive view of grasshopper populations and their spatial distribution. The Box Quadrat method's precision and the Open Quadrat method’s flexibility offer valuable alternatives depending on specific research goals and habitat characteristics. This study contributes to refining grasshopper monitoring techniques and offers practical recommendations for enhancing ecological surveys and conservation planning.
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Lamontagne, S., and J. B. Rasmussen. "Estimating Crayfish Density in Lakes Using Quadrats: Maximizing Precision and Efficiency." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 3 (1993): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-071.
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We provide a method to estimate the number of quadrat samples needed to obtain precise crayfish densities at a site or transect for two quadrat sizes (1 and 10 m2). We based the analysis on data from a survey of 61 depth-transects from 31 lakes representing a gradient in crayfish density. There was no significant difference between density estimates obtained with different quadrat sizes for six transects where both quadrats were used. Fewer samples were needed with the large quadrat, but it was more efficient to use a 1-m2 quadrat at densities above 0.3 crayfish∙m−2 because less effort (i.e. diving time) was required to collect the requisite number of samples. There was a linear relationship between density estimates by quadrat and timed counts (a more rapid method to estimate crayfish density), but timed counts were less accurate.
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Akisiimire, Hindrah, William Tinzaara, Keneth Tumwebaze, and Charles K.Twesigye. "Assessment of vegetation in Murchison falls national park five years after the completion of oil and gas exploration." East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences 3, no. 1 (2022): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.5s.
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Uganda discovered petroleum deposits in commercially viable quantities in 2006. Most areas such as Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP) where petroleum has been discovered overlap with wildlife and nature conservation with high biodiversity and sensitive ecosystems. This study sought to study the vegetation frequency index, relative abundance and diversity in former oil pads five years after the completion of oil and gas exploration in MFNP. We counted all observed plant species following a systematic random sampling technique using a (1mx1m) quadrat for herbs, (5mx5m) quadrat for shrubs, and (10mx10m) quadrat for trees. Data was collected using a 60m line transect to record the identified plant species. The study used a total of eight quadrats per transect and the total number of transects were 32. A quadrat was placed every after 7m along the line transect in and outside the oil pads. Each transect begun from the center (placard) of the oil pad going in directions of center to north, center to south, center to east, and center to west. This was carried out for purposes of replication and the same procedure was carried out for the control area. The same procedure was conducted at a frequency of wet (4th-30th April 2019) and dry (1st-30th June 2019) seasons. The counted data was later transformed and analyzed using t-statistical tests and chi- square tests in SPSS version 20 software. The study recorded uniform and non-uniform plant species and the mean vegetation diversity of 1.9±0.06 in oil pads and 1.71±0.12 in control areas. The study identified 31 different plant species, and among these, seven plant species were recorded in oil pads, eight in control areas. The results of vegetation relative abundance and diversity between oil pads and control areas were generally similar. However, the study observed some plant species such as Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) in control areas that were completely absent in oil pads. Further studies focusing on edaphic assessments, soil chemical, and biological analysis to better understand the impacts of oil exploration in the protected area are recommended.
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Lee, David W. "Canopy dynamics and light climates in a tropical moist deciduous forest in India." Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, no. 1 (1989): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400003229.
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ABSTRACTThe canopy dynamics and light climates within a 20 by 60 m quadrat were studied in a disturbed moist deciduous forest near Bombay, India. A map was drawn of individual trees within the quadrat, the taxa were identified, and their phenology was followed from November 1984 to July 1985. The quadrat contained 14 species, the most common being Tectona grandis, Terminalia tomentosa, Butea monosperma, Mitragyne parviflora and Albizia procera. Some individuals were in leaf at all times, more so at the moister east end of the quadrat. In November at the end of the rainy season, light measurements documented percentages of total daily photosynthetic photon fluence (PPF) at 10.0% of full sunlight; 44% of this flux was due to sun-flecks whose duration was approximately 17% of the daytime hours. Values for six sites were similar to mid-day measurements along a 40 m transect, and consistent with the 94% canopy cover of the sites, photographed with a fish-eye lens. The March dry season measurements revealed a more intense radiation environment (54% of solar PPF), and 59% of the photosynthetic photon flux density at mid-day along the transect. Canopy openings were increased to a mean of 59.4%. Light in the understorey in November was spectrally altered, with typical R:FR ratios of 0.30, compared to March values identical to those of sunlight, at 1.10.
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Alftisi, Malakalrahma Abdurazag, Raneem Banur Osman, Rokaia Mohammed Elalem, and Fathi Goma Al-Sghair. "Ecological Characteristics Study of the Vegetation Cover for the Protected Area Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tripoli-Libya." Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 1, no. 4 (2019): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v1i4.478.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the vegetation characteristics to determine the dominant species because the selected study area never has been ecologically studied before. The study was carried out in the period from April to the end of May 2018 two trips per week. To achieve the study, two methods were used Quadrat Method and Lines-transect Method. 19 lines-transect were randomly distributed with a length of 50 meters in the study area. A total of 92 quadrats 4 m2 selected for perennial plants and 60 quadrats 1 m2 for annual plants (grasses) were distributed to the Line-transect; all plant species and their numbers that appeared in the quadrat were recorded. Vegetation characteristics (density, frequency, and abundance) and their relative values of each plant species were calculated from quadrat, whereas cover and the relative cover was calculated from Line-transect. The results showed that the highest density in annual plants was 32.1 plant / m2 for Stipacapensis followed by Scabiosaarenaria with 15.6 plants /m2, while in perennial plants was found (14.7 plant / m2) for Plantagoalbicans followed by Helianthemumlippii density with (3.26 plant / m2). The obtained results also showed that S.Arenaria has the highest frequency 80%, then S. capensis with 78.30% in annual plants, in perennial plantsP. albicans has the highest frequency (97.8%) followed by H. lippii with (70.6%). It appears from results obtained that the highest cover recorded was (15.8%) for S. capensis followed by P. albicans (12.4%). From the results, the annual plants have the highest value were 187.92 for plant species S. capensis followed by S. arenaria with 148.8. Through the results obtained, the plantcommunity of the study area is Stipa capensis - Scabiosa arenaria Community.
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Li, Shixuan, Jiannan Yao, Yang Lin, et al. "Bias in Discontinuous Elevational Transects for Tracking Species Range Shifts." Plants 14, no. 2 (2025): 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14020283.
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Climate change is compelling species to seek refuge at higher elevations and latitudes. While researchers commonly study these migrations using discontinuous elevational transects, this methodology may introduce significant biases into our understanding of species movement. These potential biases could lead to flawed biodiversity conservation policies if left unexamined. To address this concern, we utilized species distribution data from a novel continuous elevational transect to evaluate the accuracy of discontinuous transect methods. Our analysis focused on how quadrat spacing and survey time intervals affect bias in estimating species range shifts. The results were striking: the widely used settings for discontinuous transects failed to detect 7.2% of species, inaccurately estimated shift distances for 78% of species, and produced an overall error rate of 86%. Wider quadrat spacing increased these error rates, while longer survey intervals generally reduced them. Moreover, discontinuous transects consistently underestimated species shift distances, with this underestimation becoming more pronounced over longer survey periods. Our pioneering assessment of bias in discontinuous elevational transects demonstrates that a 50 m quadrat spacing combined with a 60-year survey interval optimizes monitoring species range shifts for conservation planning. This baseline protocol could be further strengthened through supplementary, frequent surveys targeting high-elevation species—a strategic approach that maximizes accuracy while maintaining cost-effectiveness.
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Montilla, Luis M., Emy Miyazawa, Alfredo Ascanio, et al. "The use of pseudo-multivariate standard error to improve the sampling design of coral monitoring programs." PeerJ 8 (April 22, 2020): e8429. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8429.
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The characteristics of coral reef sampling and monitoring are highly variable, with numbers of units and sampling effort varying from one study to another. Numerous works have been carried out to determine an appropriate effect size through statistical power; however, these were always from a univariate perspective. In this work, we used the pseudo multivariate dissimilarity-based standard error (MultSE) approach to assess the precision of sampling scleractinian coral assemblages in reefs of Venezuela between 2017 and 2018 when using different combinations of number of transects, quadrats and points. For this, the MultSE of 36 sites previously sampled was estimated, using four 30m-transects with 15 photo-quadrats each and 25 random points per quadrat. We obtained that the MultSE was highly variable between sites and is not correlated with the univariate standard error nor with the richness of species. Then, a subset of sites was re-annotated using 100 uniformly distributed points, which allowed the simulation of different numbers of transects per site, quadrats per transect and points per quadrat using resampling techniques. The magnitude of the MultSE stabilized by adding more transects, however, adding more quadrats or points does not improve the estimate. For this case study, the error was reduced by half when using 10 transects, 10 quadrats per transect and 25 points per quadrat. We recommend the use of MultSE in reef monitoring programs, in particular when conducting pilot surveys to optimize the estimation of the community structure.
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Bowman, DMJS. "Diversity Patterns of Woody Species on a Latitudinal Transect From the Monsoon Tropics to Desert in the Northern Territory, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 5 (1996): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960571.
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A belt transect, made up of 15 contiguous cells (width, 3.5° of longitude; length, 1° of latitude), was established from the monsoon tropics on the central north coast of the Northern Temtory (11°S) to the central Australian desert on the South Australian border (26°S). On this transect, mean annual rainfall was found to have a negative exponential decay with latitude, with arid conditions commencing at around 18"s-the limit of the monsoonal rains. The mean elevation of each cell steadily increased from the north coast to reach a maximum average elevation of 700 m at around 23°S. The mean alphadiversity (quadrat species richness), and mean beta-diversity (turnover of species along an environmental gradient) was determined for each of the 15 cells by sub-sampling a large 20 × 20 m quadrat data set (N > 2000) collected during the course of the Northern Territory 1:106 vegetation mapping program. It was found that there was little within-cell variation of beta-diversity of woody species which occurred in at least five quadrats, as approximated by the first axis of a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of these data. The mean first axis DCA scores were strongly correlated with latitude (r = 0.99); thus, there is no evidence for a floristic disjunction in the composition of common woody species between the monsoon tropics and desert. Mean alpha-diversity had a bimodal distribution on the latitudinal transect, with the maximum mean quadrat richness in the monsoon tropics and a second smaller peak occurred in central Australia, with the lowest levels of alpha-diversity to the south of the limit of the monsoon rains. This pattern was mirrored by the mean number and mean Shannon-Wiener diversity of 1:106 vegetation map units on the transect. It was found that 81% of the variance of mean alpha-diversity was explained by mean annual rainfall and mean elevation for the 15 cells. The increase in mean alpha-diversity in central Australia appears to be related to environmental heterogeneity associated with mountainous terrain. It is possible that the central Australian mountains are a refuge for plants that were more widespread during the last ice-age. It is unknown whether the woody species diversity patterns are in equilibrium with the prevailing climate. More data on the palaeo-environments of the Northern Territory are required to answer this question.
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Kadi, Achmad. "Makroalgae di Paparan Terumbu Karang Kepulauan Anambas." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 12, no. 1 (2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.12.1.49-53.
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Macroalgae research in Anambas Islands that is the reef flats Jemaja, Pemutus and Matak Waters was carried onJune 2005. Survey method on the research using quadrat transect. Macroalgae is a marine flora which containsChlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae. Biodiversity in the research location was 18 species. Thehigher diversity index (H) was 0.24 and equitability index (e) was 0,105. The higher density of species were 207individuals. Dominant species was 22,83% by Sargassum polycystum.
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Fitriani, Indah, Nur Faisal Andani, Anggi Indah Yuliana, and Ahmad Syaifudin. "Keanekaragaman Vegetasi Pohon pada Lahan Pekarangan di Desa Tambakrejo Kecamatan Jombang Kabupaten Jombang." Agrotechnology Research Journal 5, no. 2 (2021): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v5i2.51253.
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Tambakrejo Village is an urban area located in the Jombang District. Tree vegetation continues to decline; one of the factors is the conversion of the function of yardland to residential areas. Changes in the land area will impact the structure of tree vegetation. This research was conducted by purposive sampling in 4 hamlets. Transects and species were included as random effects using the transect quadrat method (quadrat transect) by purposive sampling with tree size (10x10 m<sup>2</sup>). The data analysis was done qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative data analysis using vegetation analysis, namely: Importance Value Index (IVI), Dominance (C), and Diversity Index (Ĥ). Strata 3 tree vegetation H’ index in Tambakrejo Village, each hamlet is different, for Tambakberas Hamlet, H’ index value is 3.11%, Gedang Hamlet 2.97%, Nglungu Hamlet 2.91%, and for Petengan Hamlet 2, 89%. Most of the hamlets in Tambakrejo Village fall into medium-level diversity. INP index of Tambakberas Hamlet of 22.59% and lowest 2.07%. Gedang of 27.57% and lowest 2.84%, Nglungu of 19.76%, and lowest 2.86% Petengan of 28.79% and lowest 2.73%, The lowest Important Value Index is due to the transfer of the function of yard land for residential areas.
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Iyanleba, Jonathan Yohanes, Rene Ch Kepel, John Leonard Tombokan, Kristen F. I. Kondoy, Stephanus Vianny Mandagi, and Alex D. Kambey. "Community Structure of Macroalgae in the Coastal Waters of Tiwoho Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency." Jurnal Ilmiah Platax 13, no. 1 (2025): 50–57. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v13i1.60693.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the morphology and anatomy of each macroalgae species and to analyze the community structure of macroalgae from the study location. Data collection was carried out using the Line Transect method with quadrat sampling techniques conducted at the lowest tide. Temperature measurement was done using a thermometer and salinity using a refractometer, while substrate determination was visually assessed based on the type of substrate. The results of this study found 7 species, consisting of 1 species of red algae, 4 species of brown algae, and 2 species of green algae. The morphology of these algae types varies with different anatomies based on cross and longitudinal sections of each part of the algal thallus. The highest species density was Turbinaria ornata (transect 1), while the lowest density was Halimeda opuntia and Sargassum polycystum (transect 1), Turbinaria ornata (transect 2 and transect 3). The macroalgae diversity index values on the three transects were in the medium category. The species evenness index values on the three transects were stable. The species richness index values on the three transects were in the low category. The dominance index values on the three transects were in the low category. Keywords: Macroalgae, Community, Transect, Quadrat, Tiwoho. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan morfologi dan anatomi masing-masing spesies makroalga, dan menganalisis stuktur komunitas makroalga dari lokasi penelitian. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode Line Transect dengan teknik sampling kuadrat yang dilakukan pada saat surut terendah. Pengukuran suhu menggunakan Termometer dan salinitas menggunakan Refraktometer, dan untuk penentuan substrat dilihat secara visual jenis dari substrat tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 7 spesies yang terdiri dari 1 spesies alga merah, 4 spesies alga coklat dan 2 spesies alga hijau. Morfologi jenis-jenis alga tersebut beragam dengan anatomi yang berbeda berdasarkan potongan melintang dan memanjang dari masing-masing bagian thallus alga. Kepadatan spesies tertinggi yaitu Turbinaria ornata (transek 1) sedangkan kepadatan terendah yaitu Halimeda opuntia dan Sargassum polycystum (transek 1), Turbinaria ornata (transek 2 dan transek 3). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman makroalga pada ketiga transek termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Nilai indeks kemerataan jenis pada ketiga transek termasuk dalam keadaan stabil. Nilai indeks kekayaan jenis pada ketiga transek termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Nilai indeks dominasi pada ketiga transek termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Kata kunci: Makroalga, Komunitas, Transek, Kuadrat, Tiwoho.
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Khairunnisah, Khairunnisah. "Dominansi Bintang Laut (Asteroidea) di Pantai Awang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah." Biocaster : Jurnal Kajian Biologi 4, no. 3 (2024): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/biocaster.v4i3.309.
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This study aims to determine the dominance of sea stars (Asteroidea) at Awang Beach, Central Lombok Regency. The research type is descriptive comparative. Sampling was conducted at three stations: Station I, Station II, and Station III, using the transect-quadrat method. Data collection techniques included direct observation and documentation. The parameter measured was sea star dominance. The results indicate that the sea star dominance index at the three stations is 0.576, categorized as low.
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Kamal, Samsul, Nursalmi Mahdi, and Humaira ,. "KEANEKARAGAMAN KARANG DI ZONA LITORAL PERAIRAN IBOIH KECAMATAN SUKAKARYA KOTA SABANG." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 3, no. 1 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v3i1.991.
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A research on " Coral Diversity in Iboih Aquatic Littoral Zone at Sukakarya District of Sabang City " has been conductedfrom 25 to 27 of May 2013.This study aims to find out the coral species and its diversity index on Iboih aquatic littoral zone at Sukakarya District of Sabang City. The datawere collected by using direct observation and non- destructive sampling techniquesusing transect methods Quadrat and Line Transect method. Physical andchemical factors were measuredincluding temperature, pH , salinity, brightness and depth.The results showed that there were 38 species out of 14 familia of coral found on Iboih aquatic littoral zone at Sukakaryadistrict of Sabangcity. The diversity Index of coral in Iboih aquatic littoral zone at Sukakarya district of Sabangcitywas high (Ĥ=3.28).
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Watung, Preisy Meicy Meriam, Rene Charles Kepel, and Lawrence J. L. Lumingas. "The inventory of macroalgae in the Mantehage Island waters, Wori sub-district, North Minahasa district in North Sulawesi Province." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 4, no. 2 (2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.4.2.2016.14077.
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This study was carried out in Mantehage Island waters, covering Bango, Tinongko, Buhias, and Tangkasi, with an objective of knowing the taxa composition of macroalgae through morphological studies. Data collection used Line Transect method with quadrat. Three 100 m-transect line were placed perpendicular to the coastline. Distance between transects was 50 m, and the quadrat used was 1 x 1 m². Results found 44 species of microalgae, consisting of 3 divisions, 3 classes, 10 orders, 18 families, and 26 genera. Green algae comprised 3 orders, 6 families, 11 genera, and 23 species. Brown algae consisted of 3 orders, 3 families, 5 genera, and 5 species. Red algae had 4 orders, 8 families, 10 genera and 16 species. Keyword : Macroalga, species, Mantehage Island. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan di pulau Mantehage, yakni Desa Bango, Tinongko, Buhias, dan Desa Tangkasi, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi taksa makroalga melalui pendekatan morfologi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Line Transect kuadrat. Tiga garis transek sepanjang 100 m diletakkan tegak lurus garis pantai dengan jarak antar transek 50 m dan jarak antar kuadrat 10 m. Ukuran kuadrat yang dipakai adalah 1 x 1 m². Hasil penelitian menemukan 44 spesies, yang terdiri dari 3 divisi, 3 kelas, 10 ordo, 18 famili dan 26 genera. Alga hijau terdiri atas 3 ordo, 6 famili, 11 genera dan 23 spesies. Alga cokelat terdiri atas 3 ordo, 3 famili, 5 genera dan 5 spesies. Adapun alga merah terdiri atas 4 ordo, 8 famili, 10 genera dan 16 spesies. Kata Kunci : makroalga, species, Pulau Mantehage 2Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi
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Eman, Ailen Imanuel, Erly Yosef Kaligis, Chatrien Annita Luzianna Sinjal, and Billy Theodorus Wagey. "KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEPADATAN ECHINOIDEA DAN ASTEROIDEA DI RATAAN TERUMBU KARANG PERAIRAN TONGKAINA DAN BAHOWO KOTA MANADO (." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 9, no. 1 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.1.2021.33075.
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The waters of Tongkaina, which are part of northern Manado's waters, are known to have mangrove, seagrass, and seaweed ecosystems. Therefore efforts are needed to manage the population and diversity of echinoderms in these waters. Echinoderms' ecology has an essential role in maintaining the marine ecosystem's balance, which plays a role in recycling nutrients. This study aimed to determine diversity, species density, species relative density, species frequency, species relative frequency, dominance, and the index of importance of Echinoidea and Asteroidea's species in the waters of the Tongkaina Village and their density. The method used in this research is the quadratic line transect method. First of all, the survey was conducted to the sampling site's location in the coral reef flats of Tongkaina Village's waters, including Tongkaina beach and Bahowo beach, before operating the sampling. Then the observation stations were determined, namely Tongkaina waters (near Batu Meja) and Bahowo waters. The quadratic line transect method is used in this research. Species of class Echinoidea and Asteroidea in the quadrat were recorded among the total of individuals, and the species is documented. This study's results indicate that six species were found, including the survey, and five species were found based on the line transect method with 182 individuals. Including Asteroidea 85 Individuals and Echinoidea 99 Individuals. Value of Diversity at station 1 has a value of H '= 1.170 with a dominance of C = 0.364, while at Station 2 has a value of H' = 1.232 and dominance value of C = 0.316. the highest density in Station 1 is Diadema savigny 1.967 ind/m2 relative 50.86%, and Linckia laevigata with the highest frequency Fi = 0.533. The highest important value index is Diadema savigny, with a value of 81.09%, while at station 2, the Protoreaster nodosus has the highest value of important value index with a value of 87.51%. These species also have the highest density of 0.933 ind/m2 and a relative number of 41.79%.Keywords: Tongkaina, Echinoderm, Line Transect Quadrat Method, Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Coral Reef Flat
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Munirah Mulyati, Samsul Kamal, Elita Agustina, Nafisah Hanim, and Rizky Ahadi. "KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA DI ZONA LITORAL PANTAI SEURUDONG KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN." KENANGA : Journal of Biological Sciences and Applied Biology 5, no. 1 (2025): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.22373/kenanga.v5i1.7475.
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This study aimed to determine the diversity of gastropods in the littoral zone of Seurudong Beach, Sawang District, South Aceh Regency. The research method used a combination of transect and quadrat methods. The research site was divided into 3 different stations. Each station consisted of 3 observation points, with each point placed 4 research plots. Transect lines were drawn from each point vertically from the coast. The transect line used measured 40x10 m, in each transect line there were 4 plots measuring 1x1 m which were placed intermittently with a distance of 10 m between plots. The data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. A total of 882 gastropod individuals from 24 species and 13 families were found across the three research stations. The diversity of gastropod species found in the littoral zone of Seurudong Beach is in the medium category, with an H' value of 2.473. Environmental measurements recorded the following parameters: temperature (29–31°C), pH (7.9–8.5), and salinity (30–32‰). These values comply with the seawater quality standards established in Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004, indicating favorable and normal ecological conditions at the study site.
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Limbu, Umbu N., Antonia P. Bao, Anastasia H. P. Enga, and Oriensi Y. K. Teftae. "Keanekaragaman Laba-Laba (Araneae) Di Desa Ubedolumolo I Kecamatan Bajawa Kabupaten Ngada." Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (JP-IPA) 6, no. 01 (2025): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.56842/jp-ipa.v6i01.516.
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Spiders play an important role in agriculture, plantations, and settlements by preventing pest insects. Efforts to conserve ecosystems are fundamentally a right and an absolute obligation for every generation because an ecosystem harbors a wealth of biodiversity, one of which is spiders. The purpose of the research is to determine the diversity of spider species (Araneae) found in the Ubedolumolo I bamboo forest. The research method used is Explorative Descriptive through observation and documentation at each transect. The transect used is a belt transect combined with a quadrat transect. The data obtained were then analyzed for species diversity, uniformity, and dominance of spiders (Araneae). The results show that the number of spiders obtained was 11 species classified into 5 families, with a total of 924 individual spiders overall. The spider species include Argiope appensa, Argiope versicolor, Macracantha hasselti, Nephila pilipes, Heteropoda venatoria, Tigrosa aspersa, Pardosa milvina, Leucauge tessellata, Leucauge argyra, Tylorida ventralis, and Opadometa fastigata. The spider species diversity index of 2.187452 falls into the moderate index category, the evenness index of 0.912239 falls into the high index category, and the dominance index of 0.138877 falls into the low index category.
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Bongga, Marthen, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Deisle RH Kumampung, Kakaskasen A. Roeroe, Sandra Olivia Tilaar, and Joudy Sangari. "KAJIAN KONDISI KESEHATAN PADANG LAMUN DI PERAIRAN MOKUPA KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 9, no. 3 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.3.2021.36519.
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Seagrass ecosystems services in the coastal waters are included as primary producers, nutrient recycler, bottom stabilizers, sediment traps, and erosion barriers. Gleaning fisheries in seagrass bed in Mokupa waters could cause damage on seagrass, that can be marked by changes in seagrass cover. The purposes of this study were to identify the types of seagrasses and to determine the health condition of seagrass bed ecosystem in Mokupa waters. The research method used in this study is quadrat transect method. Data collection was carried out by laid three transects (100 m) with distance between each transect was 50 m. A square frame (50×50 cm2) which is divided into 4 squares is placed on the right side of the transect, with 10 m distance between frame. This study found four types of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule pinifolia and Halophila ovalis. E. acoroides have the highest percentage cover (16.19%) followed byT. hemprichii (6.91%), H. pinifolia (4.50%) and H. ovalis (1.56%) respectively. Seagrass cover in the study area is considered medium (26-50%) while the health condition was poor (29.25%).
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Afrianto, Whisnu Febry, Agus Hikmat, and Didik Widyatmoko. "Plant Species Diversity and Degree of Homogeneity after the 2010 Eruption of Mount Merapi, Indonesia." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 12, no. 2 (2020): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23525.
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The eruption in 2010 of Merapi Mount changed the diversity of plant species. The objective of this research was to investigate the diversity of plant species on Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The sampling area was divided into three different levels of damage (heavy, medium, and mirror). The research was conducted by using line-transect and quadrat method. We were conducted using line-transect and quadrat method. The research showed that Acacia decurrens has the highest Important Value Index (IVI) at the heavy damage area of Cangkringan Resort (CR) and Kemalang Resort (KR) as well as in mirror damage area of Selo Resort (SR). The most important species at medium damage area of Dukun Resort (DR) were Albizia lopantha and Pinus merkusii. The pioneer species at Non-Cover Area (NCA) among others were Trema cannabina, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Imperata cylindrical, Buddleja asiatica, Anaphalis javanica. Eupatorium riparium were the most important species of herb in all four locations based on SIMPER, but it was not dominant in NCA. The homogeneity of plant in Cangkringan Resort and Selo Resort (C < D < E) were normally distributed, whereas NCA, DR, and KR (E ≥ D) were homogeneous. Analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling and value of ANOSIM (RANOSIM =0.69; p = 0.0001) demonstrated that all site locations have significance differences. This research was not only focusing on survey of vegetation diversity, but also frequency class distribution. Through this study of frequency of species provides a database for conservation biodiversity and restoration program.
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Jannah, Andita Nur, Ni Made Ernawati, and Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi. "KEANEKARAGAMAN EPIFAUNA DI HUTAN MANGROVE TELUK GILIMANUK, BALI." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 18, no. 2 (2024): 286. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2024.v18.i02.p11.
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The intertidal zone is a unique coastal region, between the highest and lowest tide lines, experiencing submergence during high tide and exposure as land during low tide. This condition creates a dynamic habitat with high biodiversity. This study evaluates the diversity and abundance of Gastropods in the intertidal zone of Gilimanuk Bay, which faces pressure from human activities such as fisheries, energy, and tourism. The research was conducted in September-November 2023. Epifaunal sampling was carried out using the 2m x 2m quadrat transect method at 16 stations. At each station, 5 quadrat transects were sampled. The results showed that 29 species from 14 epifaunal families were found in Gilimanuk Bay, with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index indicating a moderate category (2.26-0.79). The evenness index varied between stations, while the dominance index indicated no dominant species. This study emphasizes the importance of conservation and management of natural resources to maintain the diversity and stability of the Gilimanuk Bay ecosystem. Keywords: Ecosystem; Epifauna; Diversity; Gilimanuk Bay
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Triani, Sofi Caesar, Melfa Aisyah Hutasuhut, and Zahratul Idami. "Composition Structure And Distribution Patterns Of Pandanaceae Family Plants In Batang Gadis Resort 7 Sopotinjak National Park, Mandailing Natal District North Sumatra." JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS 9, no. 3 (2023): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v9i3.5069.
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The Pandanaceae family includes Monocotyledoneae plants that have tree, liana, and shrub habitus. This study aims to determine the types of the Pandanaceae family, diversity index, and distribution patterns of the Pandanaceae family at Resort 7 Sopotinjak Batang Gadis National Park, Batang Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra which was carried out in February - April 2022. The method used in this research is a survey method with the technique of making quadrat plots by purposive sampling on 3 research transects, each transect consisting of 8 plots. The results obtained 7 species from the Pandanaceae family, namely Benstonea eatrocarpa (Griff.), Benstonea parva (Ridl.) Callm & Buerki, Benstonea sp., Freycinetia angustifolia Blume, Freycinetia sumatrana Hemsl, Pandanus furcatus Roxb., Pandanus houlettii Carriere. The diversity index of the Pandanacaeae family in Resort 7 Sopotinjak Batang Gadis National Park in transect 1 was 0.397, in transect 2 was 0.637, and in transect 3 was 0.079 which indicated that the level of diversity was low. The morisita index (Id) of the Pandanaceae family in Resort 7 Sopotinjak Batang Gadis National Park is 9.45, which indicates that the distribution pattern is clustered. The Pandanaceae family is found in highland tropical forests with high rainfall and reproduces vegetatively (budding) under favorable environmental conditions.
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Tahir, I., R. C. Kepel, and R. Jamaluddin. "Assessment of mangrove condition of Mare Island, North Maluku, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (2021): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012056.
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Abstract This work aimed to determine the condition of mangroves according to the species density and mangrove canopy cover in marine conservation area of Mare Gam Village, Mare Island. The data were collected using the nested quadrat line transect method. The level of species density was calculated based on the criteria for mangrove growth, namely seedlings, saplings and trees. The results showed that there were 9 types of mangroves, based on the value of species density and canopy cover, the condition of mangroves at the observation site was in the good and dense category.
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Leonard, GH, and RP Clark. "Point quadrat versus video transect estimates of the cover of benthic red algae." Marine Ecology Progress Series 101 (1993): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps101203.
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Nang’oni, Marystella W., Karanja Rebecca, Thomas Dubois, et al. "Pollinator Diversity and Floral Calendar of Forage Resources for Pumpkin, Machakos County, Kenya." African Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 4, no. 2 (2023): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/ajpas.v4i2.413.
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The abundance and diversity of bees correlate with the abundance and diversity of forage resources. Pollinator reservoirs in croplands can augment pollination of flowering crops by increasing pollinator diversity and abundance. Therefore, this study provides empirical evidence on the diversity and abundance of alternative forage resources in two landscape classes with pumpkin fields. The study was undertaken in 32 pumpkin farms; 16 for each natural difference vegetation index (NDVI classes). Flowering plants were identified and counted within and around farms at 2 m × 2 m quadrat and 4 m × 50 m belt transect from the middle of the farm towards the exit. Approximately 142 plant species were recorded and their abundance varied between NDVI classes and across months. In the 2 m × 2 m quadrat 6,765 plants were observed in May in low NDVI and 4,399 in medium NDVI were recorded in May. Abundance, diversity and annual floral resource structure for honeybees in low and medium Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) classes in Machakos County were determined. The 4 m × 50 m belt transect had the highest numbers of plants (1,434-20,825) and plant species across the months and between NDVI classes. At least 35% of plants remained actively flowering during the sampling period, therefore, can serve as alternative forage sources for pollinators. Our inventory of plants can be used to develop a floral calendar for adoption by farmers for on-farm management of pollinators. The floral calendars will be predictive tools used to detect a correlation between flowering plants, seasons and pollinators.
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Letsoin, Imanuel Junisa Adolfina, Mercy Maggy Franky Rampengan, Verawati Ida Yani Roring, and Helen Joan Lawalata. "DIVERSITY OF ECHINODERMS ON THE BEACH OF RANOWANGKO II VILLAGE, KOMBI DISTRICT, MINAHASA REGENCY." RUMPHIUS Pattimura Biological Journal 6, no. 1 (2024): 048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/rumphiusv6i1p48-55.
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This research is motivated by the lack of studies and absence of research data on the diversity of Echinoderms on the Beach of Ranowangko II Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. The aim of this study is to determine the diversity of the phylum Echinodermata found on the Beach of Ranowangko II Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. Sampling in this research used the quadrat transect method with 3 transect lines, each line being 100 m long, and 10 quadrats, each measuring 1 x 1 m². The results of the study found 4 classes and 5 species including the class Asteroidea (Protoreaster nodosus), class Ophiuroidea (Ophiocoma scolopendrina), class Echinoidea (Tripneustes gratilla), class Holothuroidea (Holothuria atra & Holothuria vagabunda), and there were 21 individuals, and the dominant species is Holothuria atra from the Holothuroidea class of which there are 11 individuals, indicating that the diversity index (H’) of the phylum Echinodermata on the Beach of Ranowangko II Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency is moderate with a value of 1.204.
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Tshering, Chungdu, and Tshering Wangmo. "Floristic Composition and Species Diversity of Wintering Herbs in Blue pine Forest of Thimphu District, Bhutan." Asian Plant Research Journal 11, no. 3 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3210.
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Aims: This study was carried out to document wintering herbs species in the blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) forest of Kawang Gewog under Thimphu district, Bhutan. To generate baseline data on species diversity and composition of the winter herbaceous layer in the blue pine forests of the study area.
 Study Design: To evaluate the floral diversity and composition of herbs, stratified random sampling was used.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Thimphu district within the altitudinal range of 2400 m to 2700 m A.S.L. The fieldwork was conducted during the month of December to January 2019 and during March 2020.
 Methodology: Four line transects were established randomly, with sampling points placed at 25-meter intervals along the transect. For adequate data collection, three 3X3 meter quadrats were laid along a straight line perpendicular to the transect, using species-area Type I curves (strictly nested curves). Each quadrat was then divided into 100 equal sub-quadrats, with a distance of 5 meters separating each quadrat.
 Results: A total of 60 herb species belonging to 46 genera and 22 families. The Shannon-wiener index of species diversity (H’) showed 1.73 value suggesting higher diversity in the study site with an altitude of 2600 m to 2700 m compared to other sites with an altitude range of 2400 m to 2500 m, H’ value of 1.59.
 Conclusion: The study conducted reports the finding on diversity and the composition of herbs occurring in the winter season from Kawang Gewog under Thimphu district. The present study also discusses the diversity and evenness of herbs influenced by elevation and anthropogenic influences.
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Bonnet, V. H., A. W. Schoettle, and W. D. Shepperd. "Postfire environmental conditions influence the spatial pattern of regeneration for Pinus ponderosa." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 1 (2005): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-157.
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Regeneration of ponderosa pine after fire depends on the patterns of seed availability and the environmental conditions that define safe sites for seedling establishment. A transect approach was applied in 2002 to determine the spatial distribution of regeneration from unburned to burned areas within the landscape impacted by the Jasper Fire of 2000 in the Black Hills of South Dakota (USA). Canopy conditions alone, reflecting seed availability, at the stand level were not correlated with regeneration success. However, canopy conditions in combination with ground conditions explained patterns of regeneration success at the plot level (2 m × 6 m scale), and ground conditions explained these patterns at the quadrat level (0.2 m × 0.2 m scale). Only at the finer level of the quadrat could environmental factors explain seedling survival. Safe sites were characterized, in part, by the presence of scorched needle litter on blackened mineral soil. Areas with high understory cover restricted regeneration in the undisturbed forest and reduced seedling survival in the burned areas. The description of environmental conditions that favor and discourage ponderosa pine regeneration success will improve our understanding of how environmental heterogeneity within burned areas will contribute to the future forested landscape.
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Kim, Taihun, Dae-Won Lee, Han-Jun Kim, et al. "Estimation of the Benthic Habitat Zonation by Photo-Quadrat Image Analysis along the Fringing Reef of Weno Island, Chuuk, Micronesia." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (2022): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111643.
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Benthic habitat zonation is described from in situ observations and seabed photographs taken from the coastal area of Weno Island, Chuuk, Micronesia. Habitat groups, types, and boundaries are defined by visible substratum characteristics (i.e., in situ and by digital imaging of photo-quadrats along transect lines), and by cluster and ordination analyses using relative coverage percentage of identified classification categories. The statistical similarity between habitat groups is determined by Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Benthic habitat groups with significant influence on the determination of habitat type are isolated by the similarity percentage (SIMPER) test. In addition to the standard practices of using transect lines and collecting data in accordance with the already well-implemented and thoroughly-tested benthic habitat classification scheme for tropical reef monitoring, we applied simple statistics that enable comparative data interpretation. Our simple, repeatable methods provide a framework for benthic habitat-related monitoring research that allows the comparison of results across regions.
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Septian, Immanuel S. T., Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Veibe Warouw, James J. H. Paulus, Rosita A. J. Lintang, and Reny L. Kreckhoff. "STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS LAMUN DI DESA DARUNU KECAMATAN WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 10, no. 3 (2022): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.10.3.2022.55015.
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Seagrass meadows have ecological roles such as habitats of other organisms, as primary producers in shallow waters, as substrates stabilizer, as well as carbon storage. The seagrass meadow community structure and condition of Darunu Village Waters has never been reported. The study purposes are to find out and analyze seagrass species abundance, community structure and diversity index. Data collection of seagrass community structure was taken using the line transect method. Three 100 m line transects were laid from the coast perpendicular to the sea. The distance between each transect is 50m . Then the data was taken using a 50 x 50 cm2 quadrant. The quadrat was placed from 0 m to 100m and the distance between each quadrat was 10 meters. This study found 6 types of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule pinifilia, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The diversity index of seagrass species at the research site was moderate (1 ≤ H' ≤ 3 diversity of medium species).
 Keywords: Darunu Village, Community Structure, Padang Lamun.
 
 ABSTRAK
 Kawasan ekosistem padang lamun yang ada di Perairan Desa Darunu sampai saat ini belum pernah ada informasi tentang keadaan struktur komunitas lamun yang ada disana. Padang lamun memiliki nilai ekologis seperti habitat organisme lain, produsen primer di perairan dangkal, penstabil substrat, dan bahkan penyimpan karbon di perairan dangkal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun apa saja yang terdapat di perairan Desa Darunu dan juga untuk mengetahui gambaran dari struktur komunitas lamun yang ada di perairan Desa Darunu. Pengambilan data bioekolgi lamun struktur komunitas diambil dengan menggunakan metode line transect yang ditarik tegak lurus ke arah laut menjauhi pantai dengan jarak sejauh 100 meter, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan kuadran cm2 yang sebelumnya sudah diletakkan pada titik awal 0 meter sampai dengan seterusnya di sepanjang garis transek dengan jarak antar kuadran yaitu 10 meter. Hasil penelitian menemukan 6 jenis lamun yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule pinifilia, Syringodium isoetifoliumKeanekaragaman jenis lamun di lokasi penelitian berdasarkan Shannon-Wiener memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman sedang (1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3 keanekaragaman spesies sedang).
 Kata Kunci: Desa Darunu, Struktur Komunitas, Padang Lamun.
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Lessy, M. R., J. Bemba, N. Wahiddin, Supyan, I. Taeran, and Z. Galitan. "Ecological characteristics of mangroves and coral reefs at Central Weda Sub-District, North Maluku." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (2021): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012057.
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Abstract Increase of human activities on coastal area in Central Weda Sub-District has caused degradation of coastal ecosystems. Even though coastal ecosystems have an essential role in marine ecology, such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, they are sometimes undermined by economic or commercial interests. This study aimed to determine density and cover percentage of mangrove forests and coral reefs in Central Weda Sub-district, North Maluku. Data collection on coral reef ecosystem components was carried out by applying georeferenced photo-transect and line transect quadrat techniques. While for mangroves, data collection included species diversity and tree/canopy cover percentage. Study result showed that based on lifeform percentage of coral reefs, most of the study areas were in a good category with 23.95% coverage, moderate condition 39,5%, and poor condition 36.6%. The coral reefs in good and moderate conditions were found at location having relatively low human activities. Whereas percentage of mangrove cover from all stations ranged from 78,39 to 78,76% with Important Value Index ranging from 106,79% to 158,32%.
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Himawan, Mahardika Rizqi, Muhammad Dipa Hariadi, Alfian Pratama, and Wiwid Andriyani Lestariningsih. "Penilaian Kondisi Terumbu Karang Di Area Perairan Dangkal Tanjung Pantai Senggigi, Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 11, no. 2 (2025): 363–72. https://doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v11i2.879.
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This study aims to assess the condition of coral reefs based on benthic composition in the shallow waters of Tanjung, Senggigi Beach, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Data collection was carried out through diving using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method by analyzing 50 quadrat photos taken along a 50-meter transect line, processed with the CPCe software. The analysis revealed that live coral (Coral) was the most dominant benthic component, with an average cover of 91.38% ± 13.72%, which falls under the "very good" category. Macroalgae and abiotic components such as sand and coral rubble were present but in very small proportions. The coral community was dominated by complex growth forms such as Acropora tabular, Acropora branching, Coral foliose, and Coral massive, which are known for their relatively fast growth and adaptability to clear water with stable substrates. These findings indicate that the reef ecosystem in the waters of Tanjung Senggigi is in very good condition and provide a scientific foundation for developing effective management and conservation strategies for the area.
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Umboh, Syanet C. S., Unstain N. W. J. Rembet, and Anneke V. Lohoo. "Community of starfish in the coastal area of Mokupa Village, sub-district of Tombariri, Minahasa district, North Sulawesi Utara." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 4, no. 1 (2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.4.1.2016.13502.
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This study was carried out in the coastal waters of Mokupa, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. It was aimed to know the sea star community. The study was beneficial as information source of the sea star. Data collection employed a quadrat-transect method in new moon and full moon. There were 3 sampling points randomly selected. Each transect was placed 10 1x1 m quadrats along 100 m-transect seaward. The species found were Protoreaster nodosus, Linckia laevigata, Archaster typicus, Culcita novaeguineae, Pentaster obtusatus. Higher mean number was found in new moon than in full moon. The dominant species in Mokupa waters was Protoreaster nodosus. Keywords : Starfish, community, Mokupa Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perairan pantai Desa Mokupa Kecamatan Tombariri Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunitas bintang laut. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai sumber informasi tentang bintang laut. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek-kuadran pada bulan baru dan bulan purnama. Setiap transek diletakan 10 buah kuadran dengan ukuran 1x1 meter sepanjang 100 m transek ke arah laut. Jenis bintang laut yang ditemukan yaitu Protoreaster nodosus, Linckia laevigata, Archaster typicus, Culcita novaeguineae, Pentaster obtusatus. Jumlah rata-rata individu bintang laut di bulan baru lebih banyak dari pada bintang laut dibulan purnama. Jenis bintang laut yang dominan diperairan pantai Desa Mokupa yaitu Protoreaster nodosus. 2,3 Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi
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Galicia, Rocel S., and Hannie T. Martin. "Woody Species Diversity and Conservation Status of Tumauni Watershed Natural Park, Isabela, Philippines." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 24, no. 1 (2025): D1631. https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2025.v24i01.d1631.
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The study was conducted within the Protected Area of the Tumauini Watershed Natural Park located in the municipality of Tumauini province of Isabela along the western part of the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. The protected areas in the Philippines cover 39% of the total forest cover. Protection and conservation of protected areas is significant due to the increasing habitat loss and biodiversity loss. The main objective of the study is to assess the tree diversity of the park using the modified belt-transect method adopted by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The transect line has a distance of 2 kilometers and a total of 9 stations. A Nested Quadrat was established along the transect line for tree identification. Results of the assessment show that the park has a species richness of 34 tree species in eight families and 26 genera. Species diversity indicates low (2.4) to very low (1.12) based on the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index despite the high number of individuals found in the watershed area. The low diversity of the watershed is affected by the rampant anthropogenic activities and naturally-induced hazards occurring in the protected area. Shorea polysmerma is the most dominant and the most important species, with an Importance Value index of 38.78. Three species of trees were recorded as generalists in the area such as Calophyllum blancoi, Shorea palosapis, and Ficus sp.
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Wafa, Khairuw, Thamrin Thamrin, and Syafruddin Nasution. "DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF BIVALVIANS IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE REGION OF VILLAGE ANAK SETATAH, KEPULAUAN MERANTI REGENCY." Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 6, no. 3 (2023): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.6.3.398-405.
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This study was conducted from May to June 2022 to know the species, abundance, diversity, and distribution patterns in the tidal areas of Anak Setatah Village. As supporting data in this study, several environmental parameters were also measured, including water quality, sediment type, and sediment organic matter content. The study method was a survey method, where sampling used the quadrat transect method. The results found that there were three species of bivalves. Where the abundance among stations ranged from 0.49 to 0.74 and/m2. The value of the species diversity index ranged from 0.91 to 1.41, which was classified as moderate, and the matter of the distribution pattern ranged from 6.28 to 9.71 with a clumped distribution pattern
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McGarvey, Richard, John E. Feenstra, Stephen Mayfield, and Erin V. Sautter. "A diver survey method to quantify the clustering of sedentary invertebrates by the scale of spatial autocorrelation." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 2 (2010): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08289.
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Sedentary benthic invertebrates exhibit clustering at a range of spatial scales. Animal clustering reduces the precision of diver surveys and can accelerate overexploitation in dive fisheries. Dive harvesters target the densest aggregations of males and females that produce the highest rates of egg fertilisation during mass spawning events. By quantifying these effects of harvesting on fertilisation success, measuring animal clustering can inform stock management for reproductive sustainability. We present a method to measure the spatial extent of density aggregations down to 1 m, extending a previously described leaded-line survey design. Applying this method to abalone, research divers counted individuals in successive 1 × 2 m2 quadrats lying along adjoining pairs of 1 × 100 m2 transects. Clusters were observed as neighbouring quadrats of high animal density. Spatial autocorrelations at inter-quadrat distances of 1 to 100 m were calculated for four surveys, with eight pairs of transects swum in each survey. For all four surveys, inside two survey regions, spatial autocorrelation declined to non-significant levels at a distance of ~20 m. Quantified by the distance within which density counts are correlated, this quadrat-within-transect method provides a diver survey measure of the scale of spatial aggregation for sedentary invertebrates such as abalone, sea cucumbers and urchins.
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Jason G. Tuang-tuang. "Thriving Seagrasses in Rocky Sandy Substrate in Tinabilan, Northwest Leyte, Philippines." East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 9 (2022): 1881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v1i9.1258.
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The coastline of Palompon, Leyte has endowed with rich seagrass abundance and diversity which supports the well-established Siganid industry. Baseline information on the cover and species composition were gathered using the transect-quadrat method. Results showed that there were four (4) species of seagrasses identified in the coastal area of Tinabilan, Palompon, Leyte. Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hemprichii were observed in all the sampling stations. The average percentage cover of seagrasses was 8.36% which revealed in poor condition. However, the poor percentage cover condition can be associated with the topography and environmental factors in the area which is observed to have been dominated with rocky-sandy substrate and high temperature which possibly affects negatively the biological processes of the seagrass species.
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Yigeremu, Alemayehu, and Mesfin Woldearegay. "Woody Species Diversity, Composition, and Regeneration Status of Abbo Sacred Forest, Southern Ethiopia." Scientific World Journal 2022 (November 4, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9112578.
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This study was conducted in Abbo Sacred Forest in Wonsho district, Sidama Zone of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR), southern Ethiopia, to investigate the woody species diversity, vegetation structure, and regeneration status of the forest. A systematic sampling design was employed to collect vegetation data. Sixty quadrats of 20 m × 20 m were laid at every 200 m interval between each quadrat and 400 m apart between each line transect following the altitudinal gradient. Quadrats of 20 m × 20 m were used to record DBH and the height of all woody plant species reaching a height of ≥2 m and a DBH of ≥2 cm. For the inventory of seedlings and saplings, five subplots of 2 m × 2 m, one at the center and the other four on each corner of the main quadrat, were used. DBH, height, seedling, and sapling density of woody species were recorded in each quadrat. The data were analyzed by using Shannon–Wiener diversity and equitability indices, and the structural analysis was carried out based on frequency, density, DBH, height, and basal area/ha−1. The importance value index was also computed. Regeneration status was computed by comparing the density data of saplings and seedlings with those of mature trees. A total of 63 woody species belonging to 56 genera and 35 families were identified. Three endemic species to Ethiopia were recorded. Analysis of selected woody species showed diverse population structures. The findings of this study revealed that small trees and shrubs dominated the forest, suggesting its status under a secondary stage of development. Some woody species require urgent conservation measures. Therefore, local and regional stakeholders should integrate and work together to develop and implement sound conservation and management strategies that encourage the sustainable utilization of forest resources.
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Steinke, I., and K. J. Hennenberg. "On the power of plotless density estimators for statistical comparisons of plant populations." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 3 (2006): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-135.
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Reliable density estimations of plant populations and their statistical comparison are fundamental in many ecological studies. Typical sampling methods are plotless density estimators (PDE) and plot counts. A simulation study was performed to examine the power of these sampling methods for the statistical comparison of the densitiesof two plant populations. The variable area transect estimator, the ordered distance estimator, and Byth’s T-square estimator were considered and compared with the quadrat count estimator. The relative root-mean-squared error and the relative bias were used to explore the quality of the estimators, and robust confidence intervals and standard deviation estimators were given. Tests were developed to compare the population densities of two independent populations, and the performance of the tests was examined. All simulations were run for spatially random and aggregate data patterns. For completely random data, all estimators and all tests behaved well if they were based on the same sampling intensity. For the aggregate pattern, all PDE’s were negatively biased, but the quadrat count estimator was unbiased. Nonparametric confidence intervals had the most robust performance for aggregate data. The results of the presented simulation study demonstrate that plant ecologists should avoid PDE for both density estimation and statistical testing except when the pattern of a population is known to follow a completely random spatial pattern. Instead, the use of the plot count estimator is recommended.
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Roem, Muhamad, Andi Niar, and Dori Rachmawani. "ASOSIASI KOMUNITAS MAKROZOOBENTOS PADA PADANG LAMUN DI PERAIRAN PULAU PANJANG KEPULAUAN DERAWAN." Journal of Aquatropica Asia 7, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/joaa.v7i1.3284.
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Macrozoobentos is one of the basic organisms of waters associated with the seagrass ecosystem. This study aims to determine the correlation between the density of Macrozoobentos and seagrass cover in the seagrass ecosystem in the waters of Panjang Island. Sampling was done during lowest tide periode by a quadrat transect method consisting of 3 transects and spanned 50 from coral reefs to coastal areas. The results obtained 83 Type Macrozoobentos of 8 Classes with a total of 4,097 ind. The type of seagrass found on Pulau Panjang consists of Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium and Enhalus acoroides, average seagrass density of 6 stations in Panjang Island waters ie Thalassia hemprichii 644 / m2 and The lowest is the seagrass type Enhalus acoroides 76 stands / m2.
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Oktavia, Rita, and Suryanti Suryanti. "Karakteristik dan Keanekaragaman Echinodermata Di Kawasan Perairan Pantai Lhok Geulumpang Aceh Jaya." Biospecies 13, no. 2 (2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/biospecies.v13i2.9941.
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kawasan Perairan pantai Lhok Geulumpang telah menjadi lokasi pariwisata di beberapa titik bagian pinggiran pantai. Kajian ekologi dan kekayaan jenis biota laut Aceh Jaya masih sedikit terpublikasi. Selain itu kelompok sea urchin (bulu babi) bernilai ekonomis karna gonad/ telur bulu babi dapat dijadikan bahan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi jenis, indeks keanekargaman dan pola sebaran Echinodermata di kawasan perairan Pantai Lhok Geulumpang Aceh Jaya. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada November-Desember 2019 di kawasan perairan Pantai Lhok Geulumpang Aceh Jaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi dua metode transek yaitu transek garis (line transect) dan transect kuadrat (quadrat transect). Stasiun 1 lokasi pantai bersubstrat pasir tidak terdapat batuan karang dan lokasi ke 2 bersubstrat terumbu karang dan batuan karang. Spesies yang ditemukan dikoleksi untuk dilakukan identifikasi dilaboratorium Biologi STKIP Bina Bangsa Meulaboh. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh  3 jenis Echinodermata, yang terdiri dari 2 famili dan 3 ordo. Tiga spesies yang ditemukan adalah Echinothrix diadema (Linnaeus, 1758), Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774) dan  Colobocentrotus atratus (Linnaeus, 1758). Dari hasil analisis ditemukan kemerataan jenis (J’) pada substrat berpasir bernilai J’=0,93165 dan pada substrat bebatuan bernilai J’=0,84251 menunjukkan kemerataan jenis tergolong Tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis indek keanekaragaman Shannon wiener (H’). Pada stasiun substrat berpasir H’= 1,4994 menunjukkan keanekaragaman jenis tergolong rendah. Sedangkan pada stasiun substrat batuan diperoleh H’= 1,5096 tergolong keanekaragaman sedang. Indeks kekayaan jenis Malgaref pada stasiun substrat berpasir DMg= 1,2427 dan pada stasiun Bersubstrat batuan diperoleh DMg= 1,0499 menunjukkan indek kekayaan jenis Malgaref tergolong rendah.
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Willis, Andrew, Tim H. Sparks, Bernard Felinov Rodrigues, and Phillip John Charles Harris. "Organic amendment increases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in primary coastal dunes." European Journal of Ecology 2, no. 2 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eje-2016-0011.
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AbstractPlastic pots were inserted beneath seedlings of a shallow-rooted C4grass species, Ischaemum indicum, with and without a root-impenetrable nylon sachet filled with organic matter (OM) amendment, at seven stations along an interrupted belt transect in which plant community and soil chemistry had been previously surveyed. The transect was perpendicular to mean high-water mark (MH-WM) across a primary coastal dune system in Goa, India, where summer monsoon is the predominant weather feature. The Quadrat survey of plant frequency was made in stations when the above-ground biomass was estimated to be highest. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal (AMF) spore density and diversity were determined morphologically in amended and control pots soils, and in OM sachet residues, after host-plant desiccation when monsoon rains had ceased. Twenty-seven AM fungal spore morphotypes were isolated from the pots containing OM amended rhizosphere soils, 19 from controls and 14 from OM residues in the sachets. Gigaspora margarita proved to be the dominant spore in all treatments. Eight morphotypes recovered from amended pots were not recovered from the controls. There was an increasing trend in species diversity in amended pots away from MH-WM. Spore recovery from the three regimes showed variable distribution that indicated differing AMF species strategies.
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Tamala, Demianus, Irwanto Irwanto, and Yulianus Dominggus Komul. "Study On The Distribution Of Pongamia Pinnata Trees In The Coastal Forest Of Hatusua Village, Kairatu Subdistrict, West Seram Regency." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 7, no. 2 (2024): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v7i2.12133.
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Study on the Distribution of Pongamia Pinnata (Pongamia Pinnata) Wood Species on the Coastal Forest of Hatusua Village, Kairatu Subdistrict, West Seram Regency. The research objective is to determine the morphology and distribution pattern of Pongamia Pinnata wood, using data collection methods such as purposive sampling surveys, a combination of transect and quadrat line methods conducted along the observation paths on the coastal forest. The results of the study show that morphologically, Pongamia Pinnata wood is a tree with woody stems, grayish in color, round in shape with rough and protruding stem surfaces. The height of this tree ranges from 8 to 37.5 meters with a stem diameter reaching 84 cm. The vegetation species diversity for seedling level = H’=2.79, Sapling = 3.46, and tree level H’ =3.17, which is classified as experiencing moderate to high diversity with a clustered distribution pattern
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Fensham, R. J., R. J. Fairfax, D. Pocknee, and J. Kelley. "Vegetation patterns in permanent spring wetlands in arid Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 6 (2004): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04043.
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A transect-based quadrat survey was conducted within 11 spring wetlands fed by permanent groundwater flows from the Great Artesian Basin at Elizabeth Springs in western Queensland. Flow patterns within individual wetlands change with sedimentation associated with mound building, siltation of abandoned drains and changes in aquifer pressure associated with artificial extraction from bores. The pattern of floristic groups for the wetland quadrats was poorly related to soil texture, water pH, slope and topographic position. Patterns were most clearly related to wetland age as determined from aerial photography, with a clear successional sequence from mono-specific stands of Cyperus laevigatus on newly formed wetland areas to more diverse wetland assemblages. However, evidence from other Great Artesian Basin springs suggests that succession can also result in reduced species richness where the palatable tall reed Phragmites australis develops mono-specific stands.
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Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi, and Ronal Kurniawan. "Growth, Mortality, Exploitation Rate, and Recruitment of Blood Clam (Anadara granosa) in the Rangsang Barat Waters, Riau Province." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 21, no. 1 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.7-14.
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Growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and recruitment of Anadara granosa cockle in Rangsang Barat coastal waters were studied from July to October 2019. The objective of this research was to study growth. mortality. exploitation rate and recruitment of A granosa cockle. Sampling was done monthly at three main stations. The cockle collected from plot 1 x 1 m2 on quadrat transect. The result showed that the asymptotic length (L∞) of P. acutidens was 30.45 mm. annual growth coefficient (K) was 0.83 per year. The total mortality (Z) was 4.46 per year. natural mortalities (M) was 1.60 per year and fishing mortalities (F) was 2.86 per year. The rate of exploitation (E = 0.64) of blood clams in Rangsang Barat waters has begun to threaten sustainability. The recruitment occurred every month. the peaks occurred in July (13.83 %) dan August (13.08 %).
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Aida, D. Perpetua, F. Amparado Ruben, G. Gorospe Jessie, A. Coronado Wenceslao, and A. Vedra Sonnie. "Status of seagrass ecosystem in Kauswagan, Lanao Del Norte and Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental, Southern, Philippines | JBES 2021." Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES 18, no. 3 (2021): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6613101.
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The study was conducted to determine the present status of seagrass resources of Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental, and Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte, and compared this through time with secondary data. It employed the transect-quadrat methods. Perpendicular to the shoreline, three (3) 100-m transect lines at the 200-m intervals between each transect were laid. Seven seagrass species were recorded comprising 38.6% of the total number (19) of seagrass species found in the Philippines. The seagrass community in all sites surveyed showed that it is highly dominated by <em>Thalassia hemprichii </em>species. However, there were no significant differences in species richness and diversity based on a single-factor ANOVA statistical analysis (p>0.5). The abundance of <em>T. hemprichii</em> could probably be due to the prominent characteristic of this species where it could grow well in different types of habitats with various environmental conditions. The condition of seagrass beds in both areas was fair and the low Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index of seagrass in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte (H’=0.76±0.22) and in Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental respectively (H’=0.40±0.35) indicate low stability in the community, which means that the condition of the seagrass ecosystem could be under threat, both from natural and anthropogenic activities. Over time, a fluctuating trend in species composition and a notable decline in seagrass species diversity and abundance have been observed in both areas. This present status calls for an immediate response from the decision-makers concerned about the sustainable management and conservation of seagrass resources. Journal Name: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES
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Kacholi, David Sylvester. "Population structure, harvesting rate and regeneration status of four woody species in Kimboza forest reserve, Morogoro region - Tanzania." Plants and Environment 2, no. 3 (2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/2582-3744.2020.sep.94.
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Kimboza forest reserve is recognized as an IUCN category IV-habitat and species management area, but the information on population structure, harvesting rate and regeneration status of four commercial woody species, namely; Khaya anthotheca, Milicia excelsa, Pterocarpus angolensis and Dalbergia melanoxylon in the forest are lacking. This study, therefore, aims to fill this gap. A total of five transects were established in the forest whereby within each transect, five nested quadrats of 20 m × 20 m were placed at 200 m distance for sampling stems with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm and stumps of the target species. Stems with DBH <10 cm were counted in a quadrat of 5 m × 5 m placed within the big quadrat. The findings show that density of stems & harvesting rate for Khaya anthotheca, Milicia excelsa, Pterocarpus angolensis and Dalbergia melanoxylon were 4.8 stems ha-1 & 6.6 stumps ha-1, 12.6 stems ha-1 & 3.4 stumps ha-1, 16.0 stems ha-1 & 2.8 stumps ha-1, and 5.6 stems ha-1 & 1.2 stumps ha-1, respectively. The DBH class distribution for Khaya anthotheca, Milicia excelsa and Pterocarpus angolensis displayed a good regeneration pattern, however, the last two were interrupted in high size classes. The Dalbergia melanoxylon revealed a poor regeneration pattern. The study recommends that illegal harvest of the species should be controlled, environmental education be provided to locals, and stringent measures be institutionalized against illegal loggers.
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SAPAR, NUR FITRYANIE, and PATRICIA NATIN. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF ABIOTIC FACTORS TO THE ABUNDANCE OF BEACH MORNING GLORY (IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE) BETWEEN TWO BEACH LOCATIONS." BORNEO AKADEMIKA 5, no. 2 (2021): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ba/v5i2/82290.
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The beach morning glory is utilized as traditional medicine by the public but studies about this plant are still lacking. This study aims to identify the effect of soil organic matter (SOM) and heavy metal concentration on the distribution and abundance of the beach morning glory between Lok Kawi Beach and Teluk Likas Beach in Sabah. Sampling was conducted in August 2020, prior to the implementation of Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO). The field work experimental design for the sampling was based on line transect and quadrat sampling method. The plant abundance was determined by using the quadrat (point-intercept method). The soil organic matter was analysed by using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method and the heavy metals concentration was analysed by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the mean abundance of beach morning glory was higher in Teluk Likas Beach than in Lok Kawi Beach (p = 0.001). For the mean Lead (Pb) concentration, it was higher in Lok Kawi Beach than in Teluk Likas Beach (p = 0.01). The mean of soil organic matter (p = 0.88), zinc (Zn) (p = 0.12) and copper (Cu) (p = 0.54) did not differ much between both locations. For the correlation, the abundance of beach morning glory was not affected by the heavy metals’ concentration (Pb, Zn and Cu). The relative abundance of beach morning glory was not affected by the SOM and heavy metals concentration. Further research is needed to determine its bioactive compounds and efficacy.
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Lawere, Millenia S., Erly Y. Kaligis, Frans Lumuindong, Suria Darwisito, Medy Ompi, and Noldy F. G. Mamangkey. "IDENTIFIKASI JENIS DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN ECHINODERMATA DI RATAAN PERAIRAN SEKITAR DESA TAMBALA KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 11, no. 3 (2024): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.11.3.2023.53706.
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Echinoderms are very important in marine ecosystems and are useful as a component in the food chain. Echinoderms can be detritus eaters, herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. This research was conducted for 2 weeks. The methods used are the cruise method and the quadrat transect method. The roaming method is carried out at 2 stations with data collection that is 100 m long. Next, data collection using the quadratic transect method was carried out by drawing a 10 m long transect line and placing a quadratic plot in a zig-zag manner next to the transect line. There were 5 plots observed measuring 1m x 1m with a plot distance of 2 m. Determining the distance of each station is 50 m from the first transect line and other transect lines. The results of research on the waters of Tambala Village that were obtained as a whole included four classes, namely Asteroidea, Holothuroidea, Echinoidea, and Ophiuroidea with a total of 8 types. Based on data analysis using the quadratic transect method, it was obtained: at station I H' = 1.067, the highest species density of Echinometra mathaei was 6.4 ind/m2 and the relative density was 55.49%, while at station II it was obtained H'= 0.831, the density the highest species Ophiocoma erinaceus was 15.53 ind/m2 and the relative density was 54.56%.Keywords: Echinoderms, Diversity, Abundance of species
 ABSTRAKEchinodermata sangat penting di dalam ekosistem laut dan bermanfaat sebagai salah satukomponen dalam rantai makanan. Echinodermata dapat bersifat sebagai pemakan detritus, herbivora, carnivora dan omnivora. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 2 minggu. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode jelajah (cruise method) dan metode transek kuadrat. Metode jelajah dilakukan pada 2 stasiun dengan pengambilan data yaitu sepanjang 100 m. Selanjutnya pengambilan data menggunakan metode transek kuadrat dilakukan dengan menarik garis transek sepanjang 10mdan diletakkan plot kuadrat secara zig-zag di samping garis transek. Plot yang diamati sebanyak 5 buah yang berukuran 1m x 1m dengan jarak plot 2 m.Penentuan jarak tiap stasiun yaitu berjarak 50 m dari garis transek pertama dan garis transek lainnya.Hasil penelitian pada perairan Desa Tambala yang diperoleh secara keseluruhan meliputi empat kelas yaitu Asteroidea, Holothuroidea, Echinoidea, dan Ophiuroidea debngan total 8 jenis. Berdasarkan analisis data menggunakan metode transek kuadrat, maka diperoleh: pada stasiun I H’ = 1,067, kepadatan spesies tertinggi Echinometra mathaei sebesar 6,4 ind/m2 dan kepadatan relative sebesar 55,49% sedangkan pada stasiun II diperoleh H’= 0,831, kepadatan spesies tertinggi Ophiocoma erinaceus sebesar 15,53 ind/m2 dan kepadatan relatif sebesar 54,56%.Kata Kunci: Echinodermata, Keanekaragaman, Kelimpahan jenis
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Rahfika, Rahfika, Ibadur Rahman, and Paryono Paryono. "Komposisi Jenis dan Tutupan Lamun di Perairan Dusun Pandanan, Sekotong, Lombok Barat." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 10, no. 2 (2024): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v10i2.624.
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Seagrasses can live on muddy, sandy and broken coral or rock substrates. Seagrass ecosystems are often found in areas with thick sandy mud substrates. Seagrass beds are one of the aquatic ecosystems that have high water productivity, and have a vital role for the associated biota that live around them, both as a feeding ground, nursery ground, and spawning ground. The purpose of this study was to see the species composition and cover of seagrass species in the waters of Pandanan Hamlet, Sekotong, West Lombok. Seagrass data collection was carried out at low tide, using the line transect method by making the observation path into three replicates with a length of 100 m each, a distance of 50 m each transect. The 50 cm quadrat frame is placed on the right side of the transect with a distance of 10 m between one quadrant and the other so that the total quadrant on each transect is 11 quadrants. The results showed that the composition of seagrass species found in the waters of Pandanan Hamlet, Sekotong, West Lombok as many as 7 (seven) seagrass species, namely: S. isoetifolium, C. rotundata, E. acoroides, T. hemprichii, H. ovalis, H. uninervis and H. pinifolia with Seagrass Cover in the Waters of Pandanan Hamlet Sekotong, Lombok is included in the category of moderate and rare with the percentage of seagrass species S. isoetifolium (2.78%-9.36%), C. rotundata (1.39%-6.91%), E. acoroides (7.03%-14.75%), Thalassia hemprichii (2.31%-9.66%), H. ovalis (2.5%-0.98%), H. uninervis (0.038%) and H. pinifolia (4.64%). The index of importance at the 2 stations had different values. The type of E. acoroides has the highest INP value at both stations, with values of 61.54% and 62.06% respectively. Ecological Index in the Waters of Pandanan Hamlet, Sekotong, West Lombok includes: Seagrass Diversity Index with the value obtained (1.43 and 1.65). Diversity Index with values (0.8 and 0.92) and Dominance Index with values (0.26 and 0.22).