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Journal articles on the topic 'Quadrupole method'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Valetov, Eremey, Martin Berz, and Kyoko Makino. "Computation of the main and fringe fields for the electrostatic quadrupoles of the muon g − 2 storage ring." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 36 (December 2, 2019): 1942041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19420417.

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We developed a highly accurate and fully Maxwellian conformal mapping method for calculation of main fields of electrostatic particle optical elements. A remarkable advantage of this method is the possibility of rapid recalculations with geometric asymmetries and mispowered plates. We used this conformal mapping method to calculate the multipole terms of the high voltage quadrupoles in the storage ring of the Muon [Formula: see text] Experiment (FNAL-E-0989). Next, we demonstrate that an effect where the observed tunes correspond to a voltage that is about [Formula: see text] higher compared to the voltage to which the Muon [Formula: see text] quadrupoles are set is explained by the conceptual and quantitative differences between the beam optics quadrupole voltage and the quadrupole voltage at the plates. Completing the methodological framework for field computations, we present a method for extracting multipole strength falloffs of a particle optical element from a set of Fourier mode falloffs. We calculated the quadrupole strength falloff and its effective field boundary (EFB) for the Muon [Formula: see text] quadrupole, which has explained the experimentally measured tunes, while simple estimates based on a linear model exhibited discrepancies up to [Formula: see text].

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2

Krishnan, M. angala S., and B. C. Sanctuary. "A Spherical Tensor Method for Pure NQR." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1986): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-1-267.

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The multipole operator technique is used to exploit the rotational invariance of the Hamiltonian. The technique and its effectiveness for the pure quadrupole hamiltonian with arbitrary asymmetry parameter are discussed for spins ≦ 5/2. The time evolution of the quadrupolar alignment tensor is presented analytically for various spins. The dynamics of the full density matrix are given.

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3

Talman, Richard, and John Hauptman. "A merged quadrupole-calorimeter for CEPC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 33 (November 22, 2016): 1644025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16440255.

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The luminosity [Formula: see text] of colliding beams in a storage ring such as CEPC depends strongly on [Formula: see text], the half-length of the free space centered on the intersection point (IP). [Formula: see text] is also the length from the IP to the front edges of the two near-in quadrupoles that are focusing the counter-circulating beams to the IP spot. The detector length cannot, therefore, exceed [Formula: see text]. Since [Formula: see text] increases strongly with decreasing [Formula: see text], there is incentive for reducing [Formula: see text]; but this requires the detector to be shorter than desirable. This paper proposes a method for integrating these adjacent quadrupoles into the particle detector to retain (admittedly degraded) active particle detection of those forward going particles that would otherwise be obscured by the quadrupole. A gently conical quadrupole shape is more natural for merging the quadrupole into the particle detector than is the analytically exact cylindrical shape. This is true whether or not the calorimeter is integrated. It will be the task of accelerator physicists to determine the extent to which deviation from the pure quadrupole field compromises (or improves) accelerator performance. Superficially, both the presence of strongest gradient close to the IP and largest aperture farther from the IP seem to be advantageous. A tentative design for this merged, quadrupole-calorimeter is given.

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4

Rafiee, Marjan A., and Nasser L. Hadipour. "Electronic structure characterization of FeIII-protoporphyrin IX (FeIII-PPIX) and β-hematin using calculated nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and Mössbauer parameters." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-163.

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In this work, we performed the ab initio calculation of quadrupolar parameters of 17O and 14N atoms in FeIII-protoporphyrin IX (FeIII-PPIX) and β-hematin molecules. Furthermore, the quadrupole splitting of iron atoms in these molecules were calculated. The calculations were carried out to explore the differences between the electronic structures of FeIII-PPIX and β-hematin. The results show that the value of quadrupole splitting of iron atom, Δ(57Fe), in FeIII-PPIX is exactly three-fold of its value in β-hematin. The electric field gradient (EFG) at the site of quadrupolar nuclei were calculated to obtain quadupolar parameters (χ, η, and Δ), using B3LYP method and an all-electron representation for iron (62111111/3311111/3111), as well as the 6-31G* basis for all other atoms.Key words: nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), hematin, β-hematin, malaria.

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5

Vydmysh, Andriy, Oleksandr Voznyak, and Mykhailo Zamrii. "DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE MAXIMUM ACHIEVABLE GAIN (TRANSMISSION) KmS." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 3(98) (October 30, 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-3-3.

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Increasing the level of semiconductor devices, improving their characteristics significantly affects the potential stability in a wide range of frequencies. Classical methods and standard measuring equipment are not designed to measure the parameters of potentially unstable transistors. Measuring systems are excited uncontrollably, which increases the measurement error. Therefore, today there is an urgent task of measuring the parameters of both transistors in particular and quadrupoles in general, in the frequency range of potential instability. The clock frequency at which modern computer equipment works is close to the microwave range (ultrahigh frequencies), which makes the problem of measuring and calculating the various functional units of the computer quite relevant. The development of new methods and means of measuring the parameters of potentially unstable quadrupoles in the microwave range is an important scientific field that can significantly improve the accuracy of their measurement on standard equipment. The conducted researches and the developed technique allow to increase accuracy of measurement of parameters of four-poles and to provide stability of experimental installation at measurement of parameters of any four-pole. The proposed methods are more efficient and solve the problem of measuring the S-parameters of potentially unstable quadrupoles in the microwave range. The parameters of the quadrupole have the dimensions of the elements of standard W-parameters, their measurements are performed in the microwave range with an error of less than 5%, and to a lesser extent depends on the coefficient of stability of the measuring path than when measuring S-parameters. When measuring the parameters of the quadrupole, there is no need to use the modes of short circuit and XX or make measurements with a coordinated measuring path, which allows to increase the measurement accuracy and ensure stability when measuring potentially unstable quadrupoles with Ks> 0.

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6

Pailhes, J., C. Pradere, J. L. Battaglia, J. Toutain, A. Kusiak, A. W. Aregba, and J. C. Batsale. "Thermal quadrupole method with internal heat sources." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 53 (March 2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.10.005.

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7

Glebova, Tatyana, and N. V. Konenkov. "Quadrupole Mass Filter Transmission in Island a of the First Stability Region with Quadrupolar Excitation." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 8, no. 3 (June 2002): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.492.

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With quadrupolar excitation of ions by a small auxiliary RF field, the first stability region of the quadrupole mass filter splits into islands of stability. This study is of the first upper island, “A”. We calculate the location of this island for different values of the excitation parameter, q‘. Ion trajectory calculations are used to study the influence of the input fringing fields and the separation time. The Runge-Kutta–Nustrom–Dormand-Prince (RK–N–DP) method of order 6(7) is used for integration of the equations of ion motion. It is found that a weak auxiliary RF signal improves the peak shape for quadrupole mass filters that have weak field distortions.

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8

Sudakov, M. Yu, and E. V. Mamontov. "Analysis of the quadrupole mass filter with quadrupole excitation by the envelope equation method." Technical Physics 61, no. 11 (November 2016): 1715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784216110268.

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9

Lee, Youngseok, Sanghyeop Oh, Jangjae Lee, Chulhee Cho, Sijun Kim, and Shinjae You. "A Quantification Method in Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Measurement." Applied Science and Convergence Technology 30, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.2.50.

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10

Fazleyev, N. G. "Theoretical Study of the Indirect Quadrupole-Quadrupole Interactions in Metals and Alloys." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1990): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-3-428.

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Abstract The indirect multipole interactions of nuclei and impurity paramagnetic ions in metals and alloys via conduction electrons are investigated by means of the dielectric function method. The Hamiltonian of the indirect quadrupole-quadrupole interaction of impurity paramagnetic ions and nuclei is constructed selfconsistently, taking into account the exchange interactions and correlations of the conduction electrons as well as the antishielding effects. It is shown that the energy of these indirect quadrupole interactions of the nuclei and the paramagnetic ions decreases with the distance as R ~ 3 , oscillating with a period which is determined by the wave vector on the Fermi surface and the distance R. The influence of these indirect quadrupole-quadrupole interactions on the width and shape of the NMR lines is studied.

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11

Brentner, Kenneth S., and Peter C. Holland. "An Efficient and Robust Method for Computing Quadrupole Noise." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 42, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.42.172.

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12

Hosoda, M., K. Horii, H. Nomura, and K. Sakai. "Wideband measurement of shear induced birefringence by quadrupole method." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 5 (May 2006): 054101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2200764.

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13

Trajber, Csaba, Miklós Simon, and Sándor Bohátka. "A method for uniform optimization of quadrupole pre-filters." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6, no. 7 (July 1992): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060711.

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14

Seddighi Chahrborj, S., S. M. Sadat Kiai, M. R. Abu Bakar, I. Ziaeian, and Y. Gheisari. "Homotopy analysis method to study a quadrupole mass filter." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 47, no. 4 (April 2012): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.2041.

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15

Seddighi Chaharborj, S., S. M. Sadat Kiai, M. R. Abu Bakar, I. Ziaeian, and Y. Gheisari. "Homotopy analysis method to study a quadrupole mass filter." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 47, no. 8 (August 2012): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.3048.

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16

Degiovanni, Alain, Benjamin Remy, and Stéphane Andre. "Transient radiation-conductive heat transfer problems: “The quadrupole method”." Journal of Thermal Science 11, no. 4 (November 2002): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11630-002-0050-0.

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17

Acosta, R., H. Robert, and D. Pusiol. "Two-frequency imaging method for multi-level quadrupole systems." Applied Magnetic Resonance 15, no. 1 (August 1998): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03161881.

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18

WRZOSEK-LIPSKA, K., M. ZIELIŃSKA, K. HADYŃSKA-KLȨK, Y. HATSUKAWA, J. IWANICKI, J. KATAKURA, M. KISIELIŃSKI, et al. "SHAPE EVOLUTION IN HEAVIEST STABLE EVEN-EVEN MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPES STUDIED VIA COULOMB EXCITATION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 02 (February 2011): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311017831.

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The quadrupole shape evolution in heaviest stable Mo isotopes is studied in terms of the shape coexistence phenomenon occurrence in this region of nuclear chart. Quadrupole deformation parameters of the 96,98,100 Mo isotopes in the low-lying (ground and excited) 0+ states were deduced using Coulomb excitation method. In all cases rich sets of electromagnetic reduced matrix elements were determined using the GOSIA code and then analysed using the Quadrupole Sum Rules formalism. Discussion of the experimental results in comparison with the predictions of microscopic calculations within the general quadrupole collective Bohr Hamiltonian model is presented for 100 Mo .

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19

Lucken, E. A. C. "A Theoretical Study of the Vibrational Dependence of the Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Constants of some Diatomic Molecules." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 49, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1994): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1994-1-221.

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Abstract The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant was calculated as a function of inter nuclear distance for nine quadrupolar nuclei in eight diatomic molecules by the STO 321G method. From the value of the field-gradient and its first and second derivatives the vibrational dependence of the coupling constants were calculated and shown to com pare satisfactorily with experiment. The behaviour of the field-gradient as a function of inter nuclear distance can in most cases be rationalized in terms of the field-gradient that will arise for the infinitely separated atoms.

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20

Yamada, Kazuhiko, Daisuke Aoki, Kazuko Nakazono, and Toshikazu Takata. "Sulfur-33 NQR investigation of the electric-field-gradient tensor in an organosulfur compound." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 74, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2019-0003.

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Abstract33S nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies of 33S-enriched S-4-phenyl 4-toluenethiosulfonate were observed in the range of 22.96–23.31 MHz at temperatures between 110 and 300 K. A single sharp signal was observed at all the temperatures. The two-dimensional (2D) nutation echo method was applied at 150 K, providing the 33S electric field gradient (EFG) tensor information, the quadrupolar coupling constant, CQ, of 42.3 MHz and the asymmetry parameter, ηQ, of 0.80(9). Quantum chemical calculations were performed to obtain the 33S EFG tensor orientations with respect to the molecular frame.

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21

Li, Yong Ping, Guang Wu Zhu, and Hong Zeng. "Research on Control Method of the Atmospheric Composition Detectors." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.207.

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The operational principle and working mode of the Atmospheric Composition Detectors(ACDs) based on the Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer(QMS) were introduced in this paper, the computer control method were detailed analyzed. Through the theoretical calculation and calibration experiment, researching results indicate that it has high resolution and performance.

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22

He, Muyi, Dan Guo, Yu Chen, Xingchuang Xiong, Xiang Fang, and Wei Xu. "Ion collision crosssection measurements in quadrupole ion traps using a time–frequency analysis method." Analyst 139, no. 23 (2014): 6144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01216j.

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23

RODRÍGUEZ-GUZMÁN, R. R., J. L. EGIDO, and L. M. ROBLEDO. "DESCRIPTION OF THE SUPERDEFORMED BAND OF 36Ar WITH THE GOGNY FORCE." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304001862.

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The superdeformed band of 36 Ar is studied with the Gogny force D1S and the angular momentum projected generator coordinate method for the quadrupole moment. The band head excitation energy, moments of inertia, B(E2) transition probabilities and stability against quadrupole fluctuations at low spin are studied. The Self Consistent Cranking method is also used to describe the superdeformed rotational band. In addition, properties of some normal deformed states are discussed.

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24

Berdnikov, A. S., N. V. Konenkov, A. G. Kuzmin, and S. V. Masyukevich. "On the application of the method of stroboscopic samples in the study of quadrupole excitation and quadrupole resonance." NAUCHNOE PRIBOROSTROENIE 29, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18358/np-29-1-i126134.

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25

Peterson, Amelia C., Jason D. Russell, Derek J. Bailey, Michael S. Westphall, and Joshua J. Coon. "Parallel Reaction Monitoring for High Resolution and High Mass Accuracy Quantitative, Targeted Proteomics." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 11, no. 11 (August 3, 2012): 1475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.o112.020131.

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Selected reaction monitoring on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is currently experiencing a renaissance within the proteomics community for its, as yet, unparalleled ability to characterize and quantify a set of proteins reproducibly, completely, and with high sensitivity. Given the immense benefit that high resolution and accurate mass instruments have brought to the discovery proteomics field, we wondered if highly accurate mass measurement capabilities could be leveraged to provide benefits in the targeted proteomics domain as well. Here, we propose a new targeted proteomics paradigm centered on the use of next generation, quadrupole-equipped high resolution and accurate mass instruments: parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). In PRM, the third quadrupole of a triple quadrupole is substituted with a high resolution and accurate mass mass analyzer to permit the parallel detection of all target product ions in one, concerted high resolution mass analysis. We detail the analytical performance of the PRM method, using a quadrupole-equipped bench-top Orbitrap MS, and draw a performance comparison to selected reaction monitoring in terms of run-to-run reproducibility, dynamic range, and measurement accuracy. In addition to requiring minimal upfront method development and facilitating automated data analysis, PRM yielded quantitative data over a wider dynamic range than selected reaction monitoring in the presence of a yeast background matrix because of PRM's high selectivity in the mass-to-charge domain. With achievable linearity over the quantifiable dynamic range found to be statistically equal between the two methods, our investigation suggests that PRM will be a promising new addition to the quantitative proteomics toolbox.

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26

Frauendorf, S. "The low-energy quadrupole mode of nuclei." International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, no. 09 (September 2015): 1541001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315410013.

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The phenomenological classification of collective quadrupole excitations by means of the Bohr–Hamiltonian (BH) is reviewed with focus on signatures for triaxility. The variants of the microscopic BH derived by means of the Adiabatic Time-Dependent Mean Field theory from the Pairing-plus-quadrupole–quadrupole interaction, the Shell Correction Method, the Skyrme Energy Density Functional, the Relativistic Mean Field Theory and the Gogny interaction are discussed and applications to concrete nuclides reviewed. The Generator Coordinate Method for the five-dimensional quadrupole deformation space and first applications to triaxial nuclei are presented. The phenomenological classification in the framework of the Interacting Boson Model is discussed with a critical view on the boson number counting rule. The recent success in calculating the model parameters by mapping the mean field deformation energy surface on the bosonic one is discussed and the applications listed. A critical assessment of the models is given with focus on the limitations due to the adiabatic approximation. The Tidal Wave approach and the Triaxial Projected Shell Model are presented as practical approaches to calculate spectral properties outside the adiabatic region.

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27

Köster, A. M., P. Calaminici, and N. Russo. "Nuclear quadrupole coupling constants from the Gaussian density-functional method." Physical Review A 53, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 3865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.53.3865.

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28

Cederberg, James, Richard Thomas, and David Bartz. "An approximate image solution method for the electrostatic quadrupole lens." American Journal of Physics 58, no. 3 (March 1990): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.16195.

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29

Sinyavsky, Nikolay, Ivan Mershiev, and Irina Korneva. "Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitors by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Relaxometry Method." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 9, no. 4 (2015): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.09.04.17.

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30

Gusmão, Eriosvaldo F., Régis T. Santiago, and Roberto L. A. Haiduke. "Accurate nuclear quadrupole moment of ruthenium from the molecular method." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 19 (November 21, 2019): 194306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5128655.

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31

Hoyer, Chad E., Xuefei Xu, Dongxia Ma, Laura Gagliardi, and Donald G. Truhlar. "Diabatization based on the dipole and quadrupole: The DQ method." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 11 (September 21, 2014): 114104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4894472.

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32

Bagger, Alexander, Ties Haarman, Anna Puig Molina, Poul George Moses, Hirofumi Ishii, Nozomu Hiraoka, Yu-Han Wu, Ku-Ding Tsuei, Ib Chorkendorff, and Frank De Groot. "1s2p resonant inelastic X-ray scattering combined dipole and quadrupole analysis method." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516016933.

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In this study an analysis strategy towards using the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) technique more effectively compared with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is presented. In particular, the question of when RIXS brings extra information compared with XAS is addressed. To answer this question the RIXS plane is analysed using two models: (i) an exciton model and (ii) a continuum model. The continuum model describes the dipole pre-edge excitations while the exciton model describes the quadrupole excitations. Applying our approach to the experimental 1s2p RIXS planes of VO2 and TiO2, it is shown that only in the case of quadrupole excitations being present is additional information gained by RIXS compared with XAS. Combining this knowledge with methods to calculate the dipole contribution in XAS measurements gives scientists the opportunity to plan more effective experiments.

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IWASAKI, HIROTOMO. "A NEW METHOD TO MEASURE THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTY OF THE W BOSON IN e+e− COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 14 (June 10, 1992): 3291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92001460.

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With the effective WW γ couplings incorporating the magnetic dipole, electric dipole, magnetic quadrupole and electric quadrupole moments of the W boson, the cross-section of e+e− → e±νe W ∓ is evaluated exactly and its sensitivity to these moments is investigated. The background elimination is discussed for the measurement of the WW γ couplings, and the resulting event rate of the single-W production is evaluated at [Formula: see text] and 500 GeV. Also, a new method for the precision measurement of the WW γ coupling is proposed: it utilizes the distinction of the W boson energy distributions of the annihilation and nonannihilation contributions and reduces the systematic errors.

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Yamada, K., and T. Hosokawa. "Suppressing the X–Y coupling effect in compact electron storage rings." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597013186.

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The x–y coupling effect, especially the tilt of the beam profiles, in the Super-ALIS compact electron storage ring has been effectively eliminated. The main feature of this method is the suppression of the most harmful Fourier components of the skew-quadrupole perturbation by using just one thin skew-quadrupole magnet. Therefore, the method should be simple and effective for coupling suppression in compact storage rings that have little space for correction instruments.

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35

Lin, Shunshun, Jing Zhang, Yahui Gao, Xiaoming Zhang, Shiqing Song, Zhangde Long, and Eric Karangwa. "Rapid and sensitive gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the determination of organic acids in tobacco leaves." Anal. Methods 6, no. 14 (2014): 5227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00688g.

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36

Jiang, Ting, Miyi He, Dan Guo, Yanbing Zhai, and Wei Xu. "Ion collision cross section analyses in quadrupole ion traps using the filter diagonalization method: a theoretical study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 17 (2016): 12058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00613b.

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37

Qing, Zhi-Xing, Xiu-Bin Liu, Hui-Min Wu, Pi Cheng, Yi-Song Liu, and Jian-Guo Zeng. "An improved separation method for classification of Macleaya cordata from different geographical origins." Analytical Methods 7, no. 5 (2015): 1866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02600d.

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In this study, an improved separation method for the metabolomic study of polar and basic secondary metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) using an “Xcharge C18” column has been developed.

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38

MOHAMMED-AZIZI, B. "NUMERICAL APPROACH OF THE MICROSCOPIC–MACROSCOPIC METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics C 21, no. 05 (May 2010): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183110015415.

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A numerical method close to the Strutinsky procedure (but better) is proposed to calculate the deformation energy of nuclei. Quadrupole (triaxial) deformations are considered. Theoretical as well as practical aspects of the method are reviewed in this paper. A complete FORTRAN program illustrates the feasibility of the method. The numerical method employed in this paper avoids the main drawback of the Strutinsky method, that is to say the well known dependency of the results on the inherent two free parameters.

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39

Gao, Yin Han, Jing Zhou, Wei Wang, and Bao Jun Wu. "Data Acquisition and High Speed Storage by FPGA Implementation in the Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.901.

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A design method of data acquisition and data storage buffer control logic in the quadrupole mass spectrometry was proposed. The control logic builds a high-speed built-in FIFO memory on FPGA to buffer of mass spectrometry data. FIFO storage capacity of 16K bytes and simultaneous reading and writing speed of 60Mbps were realized by control logic system. The data acquisition and storage buffer system had been used on the Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry to reduce the single scanning time of MS analysis. A higher sensitivity had been obtained by increasing the scanning rate of mass spectrometer.

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40

Hartmann, P., and G. Scheler. "Ist 91Zr-Festkörper-Kernresonanzspektroskopie praktikabel?" Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-0112.

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Abstract91Zr solid state NMR spectra have been observed for samples possessing different zirconium local-site environments (e.g. phosphates, fluorides). Depending on the quadrupole coupling, different NMR experiments have been utilized. In case of weak quadrupole coupling, magic angle spinning (MAS) is suitable. Otherwise, spin echo techniques are necessary to overcome “acoustic ringing’’ and receiver dead-time limitations. Using the step echo method, the detection of the very broad 91Zr signals is not limited by non-uniform spectral excitation. The obtained 91Zr chemical shifts range from -246 ppm to 208 ppm, the quadrupole coupling frequencies from 50 kHz to 2.7 MHz..

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Monago, Kenneth Osondu, and Charles Otobrise. "Virial coefficients of nitrogen from a quadrupolar site–site potential function." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 15, no. 03 (May 2016): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633616500243.

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This work describes a procedure for the numerical calculation of third virial coefficients of simple linear molecules. The method is applied to nitrogen using a site–site model pair-potential and the triple dipole term. Values of volumetric and acoustic second and third virial coefficients of nitrogen are reported over a wide range of temperature and compared with experimental data of several authors. The effect of including the quadrupole–quadrupole energy to the pair potential is investigated and the results suggest that the contributions of the quadrupole moment to second and third virial coefficients are non-negligible at low temperatures.

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42

Pascual-Caro, Sergi, Francesc Borrull, Carme Aguilar, and Marta Calull. "Determination of Synthetic Cathinones in Urine and Oral Fluid by Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Low-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Method Comparison." Separations 7, no. 4 (October 2, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7040053.

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Synthetic cathinones have become very popular recreational drugs. Therefore, determining them in biological samples is now a matter of concern. In recent years, different methods that have been developed can determine these drugs at low-concentration levels. In general, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry detection plays an important role in these methods and the trend is to use low-resolution and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In this article, for the first time, we compare these two analyzers using an Orbitrap and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in order to determine a group of synthetic cathinones in urine and oral fluid samples. For this comparison, we evaluated and compared different parameters: Method detection and quantification limits, linearity, apparent recoveries, matrix effect, repeatability (intra-day), reproducibility (inter-day), and accuracy. Similar results were obtained for the two analyzers for the apparent recoveries and matrix effect. However, triple quadrupole showed higher sensitivity compared to Orbitrap for both urine and oral fluid samples. The quantification limits in urine and the detection limits in saliva were two times lower for triple quadrupole. Finally, when blind samples were analyzed to study the accuracy, similar results were obtained for both analyzers.

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BARAN, A., A. STASZCZAK, J. DOBACZEWSKI, and W. NAZAREWICZ. "COLLECTIVE INERTIA AND FISSION BARRIERS WITHIN THE SKYRME-HARTREE-FOCK THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 02 (February 2007): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307005879.

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Spontaneous fission barriers, quadrupole inertia tensor, and zero-point quadrupole correlation energy are calculated for 252,256,258 Fm in the framework of the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock+BCS theory. Two ways of computing collective inertia are employed: the Gaussian Overlap Approximation to the Generator Coordinate Method and cranking ansatz. The Skyrme results are compared with those of the Gogny-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov model.

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Chen, Xiu-Ping, Fang Zhang, and Yin-Long Guo. "Validating an ion mobility spectrometry-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry method for high-throughput pesticide screening." Analyst 144, no. 16 (2019): 4835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an00873j.

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45

Su, Yuan-Da, Xiao-Ming Tang, Chun-Xi Zhuang, Song Xu, and Long Zhao. "Mapping formation shear-velocity variation by inverting logging-while-drilling quadrupole-wave dispersion data." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): D491—D498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0136.1.

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The logging-while-drilling (LWD) quadrupole wave is a dispersive wave mode guided along the borehole with a drill collar. The wave is sensitive to the formation alteration caused by drilling. We inverted LWD quadrupole-wave dispersion data to estimate a radial shear-velocity profile away from the wellbore. We also explored the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem and solved it by using a constrained inversion method. This was done by constraining the high-frequency portion of the model dispersion curve with another curve calculated using the near-borehole velocity. The constraint condition is based on the physical principle that a high-frequency LWD quadrupole wave has a shallow penetration depth and is therefore sensitive to the near-borehole shear velocity. Particularly, we found that a monotonically continuous velocity profile can be well approximated using a one-zone equivalent model, allowing for a drastic simplification of the inversion process. We used theoretical modeling and real data examples to validate the method for the LWD wave data. The quadrupole dispersion data and the inversion results clearly demonstrated that formation alteration can occur even while the well is being drilled.

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46

Böttcher, R., and W. Windsch. "Quadrupole Effects in 14N and 2D Ligand ENDOR Studies of a Bis(glycinato)-Cu(II) Complex in Triglycine Sulfate Single Crystals." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1986): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-1-285.

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The analysis of the 14N and 2D quadrupole interactions in the bis(glycinato)-Cu(II) complex in triglycine sulfate single crystals reveals the efficiency of the ENDOR method. In both cases the complete quadrupole tensors are measured and analyzed. The 14N quadrupole couplings are explained using the Townes-Dailey approach to obtain the electronic population near the nitrogens. Using the well known relationship between the 2D couplings and the N-D bond lengths as well as the fact that the axis corresponding to the tensor component of largest magnitude lies along the N-D bond, the position of the deuterons in this Cu(II) complex is estimated.

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47

Robert, H., D. Pusiol, E. Rommel, and R. Kimmich. "On the Reconstruction of NQR Nutation Spectra in Solids with Powder Geometry." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 49, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1994): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1994-1-209.

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Abstract In single crystals the NQR nutation frequency depends on the relative orientation of the coil and the quadrupole axes. In powders the nutation lineshape is a superposition of spectra from the randomly oriented single crystals, so that powder patterns appear in such experiments if the reconstruction is performed by the Fourier transform method. In this paper an alternative reconstruction method of nutation spectra is suggested making use of the Hankel Transform. In this way the nutation spectra are simplified. Singularities arising with experiments for the determination of the asymmetry parameter η can easily be resolved. In the particular case of an axially symmetric quadrupolar tensor and a homogeneous radiofrequency field one can reduce the powder pattern to a single line without heterogeneous broadening with respect to orientation. Further improvement o f the nutation spectra can be achieved by taking advantage of the maximum entropy method, which strongly reduces apodisation and noise problems. Applications of the new data manipulation techniques to N Q R imaging methods published elsewhere and 2D zero-field N Q R spectroscopy are reported.

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Wei, Wenlong, Xia Wang, Jinjun Hou, Changliang Yao, Zijin Feng, Jianqing Zhang, Sumei Han, et al. "Implementation of a Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer for Fingerprint Analysis: Venenum bufonis as a Case Study." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23113020.

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The mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used for profiling chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, there are few studies reporting quality control of TCM based on mass spectrometry fingerprint (MSF) due to its complicated operation and high cost. The aim of this study was to extend the application of MSF for quality evaluation of TCM. In this study, an MSF based on single quadrupole mass spectrometry method was established, and was successfully used for the quality control of Venenum bufonis (VB), a famous TCM which was used clinically for cancer treatment in China. The results showed that the superiority of MSF for more chemical information exposure and the finding of more potential chemical markers (eight versus four) compared with the traditional photo-diode array (a kind of ultra violet detector, PDA). Besides, the performance of MSF was also validated by similarity and principle component analysis (PCA) of MS data acquired on two other mass spectrometry (low-resolution, triple quadrupole, QQQ, and high-resolution, quadruple time-of-flight, Q-TOF), showing high consistency with QQQ and Q-TOF, but robustness with few parameters’ settings. Based on our study, MSF could be widely applied for the quality control of TCM.

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WRZOSEK, K., M. ZIELIŃSKA, J. CHOIŃSKI, T. CZOSNYKA, Y. HATSUKAWA, J. IWANICKI, J. KATAKURA, et al. "SEARCH FOR SHAPE COEXISTENCE IN EVEN – EVEN STABLE MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPES USING COULOMB EXCITATION METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 02 (March 2006): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306004235.

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Coulomb excitation experiments were performed with 96 Mo , 98 Mo and 100 Mo isotopes using both beam and target excitation. As a result, quadrupole deformation parameters were deduced for two lowest-lying (ground and excited) 0+ states. Surprising shape changes of these states were observed.

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Haiduke, Roberto L. A., Albérico B. F. da Silva, and Lucas Visscher. "The nuclear electric quadrupole moment of lutetium from the molecular method." Chemical Physics Letters 445, no. 4-6 (September 2007): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.061.

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