Academic literature on the topic 'Qualitative research design'

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Journal articles on the topic "Qualitative research design"

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Malagon-Maldonado, Gabriella. "Qualitative Research in Health Design." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 7, no. 4 (July 2014): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193758671400700411.

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Tetnowski, Jennifer. "Qualitative Case Study Research Design." Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders 25, no. 1 (May 2015): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ffd25.1.39.

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Qualitative case study research can be a valuable tool for answering complex, real-world questions. This method is often misunderstood or neglected due to a lack of understanding by researchers and reviewers. This tutorial defines the characteristics of qualitative case study research and its application to a broader understanding of stuttering that cannot be defined through other methodologies. This article will describe ways that data can be collected and analyzed.
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Ward, Michael M. "Study design in qualitative research." Journal of General Internal Medicine 8, no. 2 (February 1993): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02599996.

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Cooper, S., and R. Endacott. "Generic qualitative research: a design for qualitative research in emergency care?" Emergency Medicine Journal 24, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2007.050641.

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Wilson, R. Dale, and John W. Creswell. "Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 2 (May 1996): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3152153.

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Magnan, Sally Sieloff, and John W. Creswell. "Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches." Modern Language Journal 81, no. 2 (1997): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328794.

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Morse, Janice M. "The Paradox of Qualitative Research Design." Qualitative Health Research 13, no. 10 (December 2003): 1335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732303258368.

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Pitman, Mary Anne. "Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach:Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach." Anthropology Education Quarterly 29, no. 4 (December 1998): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1998.29.4.499.

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Foris, Diana, Cristina Nicolau, and Tiberiu Foris. "The Eco-Modular Construction: Qualitative Research on its Marketing Use, Design and Development." SIJ Transactions on Industrial, Financial & Business Management 03, no. 01 (February 24, 2015): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijifbm/v3i1/03020050102.

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Smith, Joanna, Hilary Bekker, and Francine Cheater. "Theoretical versus pragmatic design in qualitative research." Nurse Researcher 18, no. 2 (January 21, 2011): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr2011.01.18.2.39.c8283.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Qualitative research design"

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Ondin, Zeynep. "Design Thinking Across Different Design Disciplines: A Qualitative Approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83858.

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Even though disciplines that are not traditionally affiliated with design have started to show interest in design thinking such as business, education, healthcare, engineering, and IT (Clark and Smith, 2008; Cross, 2007, 2011; Dorst, 2011; Finn Connell, 2013; Lawson, 2004, 2006; Owen, 2007; Razzouk and Shute, 2012) design thinking studies has tended to focus on limited design disciplines such as architecture, engineering design, and industrial design and there are not enough studies to prove that designers in different design fields perform design processes as design thinking literature proposed (Kimbell, 2011). This qualitative study explores the design process of professionals from different design disciplines, in order to understand the similarities and differences between their process and the design activities proposed by the design thinking literature. Design strategies of experts from different design disciplines were studied and compared, in relation to the activities proposed by the design thinking literature. This basic qualitative study was designed to use semi-structured interviews as the qualitative method of inquiry. This study employed purposeful sampling, specifically criterion sampling and snowball sampling methods. The researcher interviewed nine designers from instructional design, fashion design, and game design fields. A semi-structured interview protocol was developed and participants were asked demographic questions, opinion and values questions, and ideal position questions. Demographic questions provided background information such as education and number of years of design experience for the participants. Opinion and value questions were asked to learn what participants think about the research questions. Ideal position questions let participants describe what good design would be. The researcher analyzed the interview data and the results were reported in a way to demonstrate the differences and similarities within and across disciplines.
Ph. D.
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Srirangarajan, Bhooma. "Visualizing Primary Design Research: Analyzing Interviews in Primary Design Research using Qualitative Research and Ethnographic Principles and Graphic Design to Communicate the Results." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406880596.

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Álvaro, de Lima Filipe Miguel. "The State of QR codes : A qualitative research on Swedish premium fashion brands." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16784.

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Brands are now more aware of the importance of implementing a mobile marketing strategy by employing a QR code campaign with the intent of enhancing brand awareness and strength the relationship with customers. Thus, an extensive research has been conducted on this subject with focus on the Swedish premium fashion market .The purpose of this research study is to analyze a new mobile marketing tool called Quick-response (QR) codes, and understand this phenomenon on the premiumfashion segment in Sweden, while relating at the same time with concepts such as customer relationship management and brand awareness. In this study a qualitative research method was chosen, by applying qualitative semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis.The research shows that there is a problem with customers' awareness regarding QR codes and its usage. Companies should also be educated for the importance of integrating a mobile marketing program within their marketing and communication strategy. Nonetheless, the study has shown that brands may increase brand awareness and drive CRM if all the requirements above stated are fulfilled, since all of the participants in this research acknowledge the relationship between a brand and its customers extremely important.
Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing
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Freese, Lauren N. "Corporate Apprenticeships in Design Research: Interdisciplinary Learning Practices of an Emergent Profession." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535465775968169.

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Hällgren, Nina. "Designing with Urban Sound : Exploring methods for qualitative sound analysis of the built environment." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240078.

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The licentiate thesis Designing with Urban Sound explores the constitution and qualitative characteristics of urban sonic space from a design-oriented and practice-based perspective. The act of lifting forth and illuminating the interaction between architecture, the creation of sound and a sonic experience aims to examine and develop useful tools and methods for the representation, communication and analysis of the exterior sonic environment in complex architectural spaces. The objective is to generate theoretical and practical knowledge within the field of urban sound planning and design by showing examples of different and complementary ways of communicating and analyzing sound than those which are commonly recognized.
Licentiatavhandlingen Designa med stadens ljud undersöker det urbana ljudrummets konstitution och kvalitativa egenskaper utifrån ett designorienterat och praktiknära perspektiv. Avsikten med arbetet är att utveckla verktyg och metoder för representation, kommunikation och analys av stadens exteriöra ljudmiljö genom att synliggöra interaktionen mellan arkitektur, ljudbildning och upplevelse. Genom att visa exempel på andra sätt att kommunicera och analysera ljud i staden än dagens vedertagna metoder, är syftet är att bidra till kunskapsutvecklingen inom fältet för urban ljudplanering- och design.

QC 20181211

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Khanna, Amar. "Exploring human response to odors as a design research tool: a qualitative investigation." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1329423133.

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Prather, Evin Gamal. "The Research and Design of an Inclusive Dishwashing Appliance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1172865150.

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Garfield, M. Robert III. "Controlling the Inputs of Hand Tool Development through Design Research." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428048311.

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Freixieiro, Gomes de Mello Rafael. "Design-led future forecasting model for mobile communications." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13142.

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Since the establishment of the wireless sector, design has been playing a wide range of roles. Specialized literature has been extensively reporting the use of this discipline associated with NPD, focusing on hardware and software development in the mobile communications. On the other hand, evidences of its use to support forecasting are scarce and generic. Finally, formal publications addressing future forecasting from a design perspective in the context of mobile communications have never been reported, leading to a knowledge gap that needs to be addressed. This research investigates the strategic roles, applications and contributions of design and designers for future forecasting in the wireless telecom sector. As a comprehensive discipline, it is used to examine and identify a number of factors that might influence/impact in the development of visionary solutions supporting the design team of traditional handset manufacturers to make better decisions in order to ‘shape’ the future in the wireless industry. Considering these ideas, the aim of this research is to create a ‘design-led future forecasting model for mobile communications’ to assist and support traditional manufacturers’ design team. This PhD study relies on a qualitative methodology comprising a number of data collection and analysis tools (e.g. literature review, case studies analysis, in-depth experts’ interviews, workshops and Grounded Theory). To create the intended framework, extensive secondary and primary data; theoretical and practical inputs were brought together, analysed and combined. The proposed model was evaluated through two rounds of experts’ interviews complemented by two workshops with potential users (e.g. design students) to check and explore its practicalities when applied to design for the future. Finally, this study bridges future forecasting and the wireless telecom through the use of design to address the literature gap. The richness of the developed model provides practical assistance to traditional manufacturer’s design team informing about a broad spectrum of aspects that should be considered when designing for the future in the mobile telecom industry, supporting strategic decision making in different stages of the future-led design process.
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Beck, Lotte [Verfasser], and Johann [Akademischer Betreuer] Lambsdorff. "Anticorruption in Public Procurement - A Qualitative Research Design / Lotte Beck. Betreuer: Johann Graf Lambsdorff." Passau : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Passau, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102440661X/34.

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Books on the topic "Qualitative research design"

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Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1994.

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Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1996.

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Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2005.

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Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2013.

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1929-, Coyne A. Barbara, and Smith Mary Jane 1938-, eds. Nursing research: Qualitative methods. Bowie, Md: Brady Communications Co., 1985.

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Judith, Preissle, and Tesch Renata, eds. Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993.

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Marshall, Catherine. Designing qualitative research. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage Publications, 1989.

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Marshall, Catherine. Designing qualitative research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1999.

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Marshall, Catherine. Designing qualitative research. 4th ed. Thousands Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2006.

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Marshall, Catherine. Designing qualitative research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Qualitative research design"

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Nuttavuthisit, Krittinee. "Research Design." In Qualitative Consumer and Marketing Research, 83–107. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6142-5_4.

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Cardano, Mario. "The qualitative research design." In Defending Qualitative Research, 64–111. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge advances in research methods: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429464232-5.

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Patten, Mildred L., and Michelle Newhart. "Consensual Qualitative Research Design." In Understanding Research Methods, 171–73. Tenth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315213033-55.

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Aspland, Tania. "Misconceptions of Qualitative Research Design." In Discourse, Power, and Resistance Down Under, 9–22. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-509-0_2.

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Welch, Catherine. "Good Qualitative Research: Opening up the Debate." In Collaborative Research Design, 401–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5008-4_16.

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Pereira, Isabel, Rita Cadima, Hugo Menino, and Inês Araújo. "E-mentoring: A Content Analysis Design." In Computer Supported Qualitative Research, 117–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43271-7_11.

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Bearman, Margaret. "Key Concepts in Qualitative Research Design." In Healthcare Simulation Research, 73–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26837-4_10.

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Jensen, Kari B., and Amy K. Glasmeier. "Policy, Research Design and the Socially Situated Researcher." In The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Geography, 82–93. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9780857021090.n6.

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Jungmann, Maximilian. "Qualitative research design and case selection." In The Politics of the Climate Change-Health Nexus, 127–31. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145646-7.

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Branaghan, Russell J., Joseph S. O’Brian, Emily A. Hildebrand, and L. Bryant Foster. "Qualitative Human Factors Research Methods." In Humanizing Healthcare – Human Factors for Medical Device Design, 17–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64433-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Qualitative research design"

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Gabrielse, Gorm, and Tore Kirstensen. "Doing qualitative studies, using statistical reasoning." In Design Research Society Conference 2016. Design Research Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2016.462.

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Yemtim, Adolphe, Achille Sévérin Lebongo Onana, Charlotte Ray, Jamie Cross, Craig Martin, and Arno G. Verhoeven. "Methods Across Borders: reflections of using design-led qualitative methods in Burkina Faso." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.599.

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Cook, Devon. "Developing a transdisciplinary, qualitative approach to writing technology research." In SIGDOC '19: The 37th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3328020.3353912.

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Kose, Nilay Gulfer, and Abdusselam Selami Cifter. "A Qualitative Study on Turkish Medical Device Manufacturers and the Attention They Place on Human-Centred Design." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.439.

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Mars Aicart, María del Lidón, Tomás Ruiz Sánchez, and María Rosa Arroyo López. "QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR STUDIES." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4268.

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Qualitative methodology is extensively used in a wide range of scientific areas, such as Sociology and Psychology, and it is been used to study individual and household decision making processes. However, in the Transportation Planning and Engineering domain it is still infrequent to find in the travel behavior literature studies using qualitative techniques to explore activity-travel decisions. The aim of this paper is first, to provide an overview of the types of qualitative techniques available and to explore how to correctly implement them. Secondly, to highlight the special characteristics of qualitative methods that make them appropriate to study activity-travel decision processes. Far from been an unempirical or intuitive methodology, using qualitative methods properly implies a strong foundation on theoretical frameworks, a careful design of data collection and a deep data analysis. For such a purpose, a review of the scarce activity-travel behavior literature using qualitative methods, or a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, is presented. The use of qualitative techniques can play a role of being a supplementary way of obtaining information related to activity-travel decisions which otherwise it would be extremely difficult to find. This work ends with some conclusions about how qualitative research could help in making progress on activity-travel behavior studies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4268
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Gagnon, Caroline, Danielle Dagenais, and Valérie Côté. "A Place to Be or, at Least, a Space to See: a qualitative inquiry on the experience and appreciation of extensive green roofs." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.358.

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Wallisch, Anne, and Kristin Paetzold. "A QUALITATIVE INVENTORY OF USER INTEGRATION METHODS AND THEIR USAGE IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE." In 15th International Design Conference. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia; The Design Society, Glasgow, UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0235.

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Holtkamp, Philipp, Wael Soliman, and Mikko Siponen. "Reconsidering the Role of Research Method Guidelines for Qualitative, Mixed-methods, and Design Science Research." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.755.

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Cabitza, Federico, and Angela Locoro. "Mapping the Knowledge Artifact Terrain - A Quantitative Resource for Qualitative Research." In 1st International Workshop on the design, development and use of Knowledge IT Artifacts in professional communities and aggregations. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005662704440451.

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Kazmer, David, and Liang Zhu. "Qualitative Reasoning for Decision Synthesis." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dfm-21162.

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Abstract A qualitative reasoning approach is presented for decision support. This approach is initiated with the generation and normalization of a qualitative model including relationship matrix, importance weightings, control limits for decision variables, and specification limits for performance attributes. An extensive Simplex method is then utilized for mapping the global feasibility of the decision problem. Finally, the approach interprets and simplifies the results from the multi-dimensional feasibility space back to the qualitative model. The paper also presents application of the approach to process tuning of multilayer sheet extrusion and concept development of a 2nd generation reusable launch vehicle to orbit. The results indicate that the developed approach is a viable alternative to currently practiced decision analysis methods. Specifically, the approach uses: 1) tightened specification limits rather than a weighted multi-attribute objective relationship, 2) determines global system feasibility from active constraints rather than local parametric optimization, and 3) establishes correlations based on dynamic Pareto-optimal frontiers rather than manual estimations. While the approach is potentially useful, further research is required to extend the methods to non-linear, stochastic, and uncharacterized engineering systems.
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Reports on the topic "Qualitative research design"

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Dempsey, Terri L. Handling the Qualitative Side of Mixed Methods Research: A Multisite, Team-Based High School Education Evaluation Study. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0039.1809.

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Attention to mixed methods studies research has increased in recent years, particularly among funding agencies that increasingly require a mixed methods approach for program evaluation. At the same time, researchers operating within large-scale, rapid-turnaround research projects are faced with the reality that collection and analysis of large amounts of qualitative data typically require an intense amount of project resources and time. However, practical examples of efficiently collecting and handling high-quality qualitative data within these studies are limited. More examples are also needed of procedures for integrating the qualitative and quantitative strands of a study from design to interpretation in ways that can facilitate efficiencies. This paper provides a detailed description of the strategies used to collect and analyze qualitative data in what the research team believed to be an efficient, high-quality way within a team-based mixed methods evaluation study of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) high-school education. The research team employed an iterative approach to qualitative data analysis that combined matrix analyses with Microsoft Excel and the qualitative data analysis software program ATLAS.ti. This approach yielded a number of practical benefits. Selected preliminary results illustrate how this approach can simplify analysis and facilitate data integration.
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Olsen, Laurie. The PROMISE Model: An English-Learner Focused Approach to School Reform. Loyola Marymount University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.3.

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Findings from a 3-year (2006-2009) evaluation of the PROMISE Model pilot are presented in this policy brief that seeks to address three questions: 1) What is the PROMISE Model ?; 2) What changes occurred in schools as a results of implementing the PROMISE Model ?; and 3) What are the lessons learned from the PROMISE Model pilot that can contribute to an understanding of school reform for English Learners? A qualitative, ethnographic approach allowed for exploration of the research questions. The researcher identified five foundational elements to the PROMISE Model. Implementation of the PROMISE Model increased use of EL specific research-based approaches to student grouping, placement, instruction, school structures, curriculum choices, program design and practices in addition to more knowledgeable and advocacy-oriented leaders and distributive leadership. The brief presents five lessons learned that contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of a school reform model on English Learners. Two policy recommendations include: 1) broadly disseminate research on effective EL education and provide an infrastructure of support with EL expertise; and 2) adopt the PROMISE Model or components of the model as a viable school improvement strategy.
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Piper, Benjamin, Yasmin Sitabkhan, Jessica Mejia, and Kellie Betts. Effectiveness of Teachers’ Guides in the Global South: Scripting, Learning Outcomes, and Classroom Utilization. RTI Press, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0053.1805.

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This report presents the results of RTI International Education’s study on teachers' guides across 13 countries and 19 projects. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we examine how teachers’ guides across the projects differ and find substantial variation in the design and structure of the documents. We develop a scripting index so that the scripting levels of the guides can be compared across projects. The impact results of the programs that use teachers’ guides show significant impacts on learning outcomes, associated with approximately an additional half year of learning, showing that structured teachers’ guides contribute to improved learning outcomes. During observations, we find that teachers make a variety of changes in their classroom instruction from how the guides are written, showing that the utilization of structured teachers’ guides do not create robotic teachers unable to use their own professional skills to teach children. Unfortunately, many changes that teachers make reduce the amount of group work and interactivity that was described in the guides, suggesting that programs should encourage teachers to more heavily utilize the instructional routines designed in the guide. The report includes a set of research-based guidelines that material developers can use to develop teachers’ guides that will support effective instructional practices and help improve learning outcomes. The key takeaway from the report is that structured teachers' guides improve learning outcomes, but that overly scripted teachers' guides are somewhat less effective than simplified teachers' guides that give specific guidance to the teacher but are not written word for word for each lesson in the guide.
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Hornby, Amanda, and Emilie Vrbancic. Library Impact Practice Brief: Library Outreach Assessment. Association of Research Libraries, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/brief.uwashington2021.

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As part of ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative, the University of Washington (UW) Odegaard Library’s Undergraduate Student Success Team designed an assessment framework for outreach to undergraduates. This practice brief describes the UW team’s outreach and assessment planning processes, the qualitative and quantitative assessment methods employed, the results of their assessment program, the lessons learned, and the best practices that emerged over several years and several iterations of conducting library outreach assessment. The brief presents both long-term reflections and most recent applications between 2016–2021.
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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, et al. Prehospital Airway Management: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.

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Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.
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Reproductive intentions and choices among HIV-infected individuals in Cape Town, South Africa: Lessons for reproductive policy and service provision from a qualitative study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1002.

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Abstract:
While many HIV-infected individuals do not wish to have children, others want children despite their infected status. The desire and intent to have children among HIV-infected individuals may increase because of improved quality of life and survival following commencement of antiretroviral treatment. In developing countries such as South Africa, where the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide reside, specific government reproductive health policy and service provision for HIV-infected individuals is underdeveloped. This policy brief presents findings from a qualitative study that explored HIV-infected individuals’ reproductive intentions, decision-making, and need for reproductive health services. The study also assessed the opinions of health-service providers, policymakers, and influential figures within nongovernmental organizations who are likely to play important roles in the shaping and delivery of reproductive health services. Conducted at two health centers in the Cape Town metropolitan area in South Africa from May 2004 to January 2005, the study focused on issues that impact reproductive choice and decision-making and identified critical policy, health service, and research-related matters to be addressed.
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