Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Qualité des produits'
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Fouquet, Chantal. "Contrôle de la qualité microbiologique des cosmétiques." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P021.
Full textRaymond, Gérard. ""Le concept de qualité : une évaluation empirique des éléments d'information de la qualité d'un produit agro-alimentaire"." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21016.
Full textThis research answers a main question : determine which attribute has more value than an other and for which quality aspect. An analysis framework is developped to interpret the concept multidimentionality. Three research axes are developped : 1- which are the product quality attributes used by the consumer. 2- which is their relative importance. 3- which is personnal factors influence on product quality attributes. A qualitative (interviews and prompt protocols) and quantitative methods (conjoint measurement, cluster and discriminant analysis, log-linear and peterson & mahajan partial square omega) are used to test the hypotheses. Two principal theorical consequences can be drawn from this research. The olson hypothesis cannot been generalized and no personnal factors allow to differentiate a group of consumers from another
Bollou, Pohe Mélanie Patricia. "Importance de l'assurance qualité dans un établissement d'investigation clinique en cosmétologie." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P086.
Full textHachicha, Farah. "Qualité des Produits, Qualité de la main d’oeuvre et Sanctions optimales dans la Théorie de l’Agence." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020032/document.
Full textAfter a general introduction and a survey of literature, the contribution of this thesis is to establish a link between the goods market and the labor market and to propose optimal legal system to deter opportunistic behavior within the company. Throughout the thesis, we consider a monopoly that produces two types of good. Consumers are heterogeneous according to their preferences to quality. Chapter 2 analyzes different agency structures to determine the best structure that allows both to maximize the profit of the company and maximize the welfare of consumers and employees. Chapter 3 examines distortion of the quality of goods and the level of the workers’ effort with adverse selection on the goods market and the labor market compared with perfect information. This chapter examines the role of the consumer and the judge to discourage this kind of opportunistic behavior.Keywords: Quality of goods, quality of labor, optimal contract, portfolio of contract, opportunism, collusion, social welfare, optimal sanctions, firm design, law and economics
Rezki-Hanchour, Lahouaria. "Contribution à l'amélioration de processus industriels : contrôle, assurance et maitrise de la qualité des produits." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0018.
Full textOuardighi, Fouad El. "Qualité des produits et comportement du consommateur : évidence empirique et optimisation." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100028.
Full textThis thesis focuses on, - determination of a quality, measure of objective quality, - definition of optimal quality over the product life cycle, - analysis of optimal quality and promised quality in context of information asymmetry
Guerra, Francesco. "Trois essais sur le rôle que la qualité des produits joue dans le commerce international." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARE057.
Full textThis dissertation consists of three chapters that represent a contribution to the research on the role of product quality in international trade. The first chapter presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between the volatility of bilateral trade flows and the quality of products exported. We argue that, under the hypothesis of non-homothetic preferences, the variability of income generates larger fluctuations of the demand of high-quality imported products. Our findings indicate that a possible drawback of exporting high-quality products is represented by the higher exposure to income variability of destination countries. The second chapter sets up an empirical analysis on cross-country panel data to estimate the effect of the quality up-grade of exported products on the change of the wage premium measured at industry level.Our findings show that industries which up-grade the quality of exports, increase the average level of wages paid, implying a change in the workforce composition towards categories of better paid jobs. In the third chapter, we examine whether consumer's valuation for quality of French imported products is stronger in countries where consumers' tastes are similar to the French ones. To identify taste proximity, we rely on information collected from the online travel company TripAdvisor. The findings of our empirical analysis suggest that consumer’s valuation for product quality depends on the origin of imports and is stronger for products imported from countries with similar tastes to that of French consumers
Kompany, Elaheh. "Un nouveau procédé de déshydratation de fruits et légumes : amélioration de la qualité du produit fini." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD278.
Full textJeanneret, Crettez Marie-Hélène. "Compatibilité, standardisation et qualité des produits : stratégies concurrentielles et politique industrielle." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010009.
Full textFrom the consume point of view, compatibility and standardization often increase the perceived qality of a given product. In a duapoly model with vertical differentiationmmm it is shown that standardization increases global surplus and can be obtained even though it leads to higher degree of competition. It is also shown that antitrust policy may impede firms from standardize. In the case of international trade, an appropriate tariff policy may incitate firms to standardiza, but the result of a public policy implimented through a public firm depends on the nature of the foreign firm
HOLLENDER, CHABI SYLVIE. "La relation prix-qualité : une analyse en termes d'efficience." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1EC01.
Full textTom, Ahmat. "Contribution au séchage solaire des produits carnés : Modélisation et réalisation d'un séchoir adapté aux pays tropicaux." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0013/document.
Full textThis study deals with the modeling of heat and mass transfers during solar drying of beef, and between this product and its environment, at the scale of the product and thereafter at the scale of the process. At the scale of the product, desorption isotherm and drying kinetics of fresh beef were determined and modeled to characterize and predict the hygroscopic behavior of the beef during its drying. At the scale of the process, we proposed a model of solar drying of beef, adapted to a solar dryer that was designed and manufactured for the solar drying of beef in tropical environment (Solar dryer of Kilichi). This model was validated by experimental tests conducted in situ, in a tropical country (Cameroon- N'gaoundéré). The impact of solar drying on the quality of the product was investigated through microbiological and biochemical analyzes conducted on beef samples, dried at the laboratory with a solar dryer that was designed and manufactured to obtain a good control of solar drying parameters. These analyzes showed that the impact of solar radiation on the destruction of microorganisms is more significant than that of the drying temperature. Biochemical analysis showed that drying induces a severe lipid oxidation but has no impact on the lipid content of the meat
Escala, Thierry. "Le travail de qualification : signes officiels de qualité et référence territoriale." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20052.
Full textThe purpose of this Ph-D is to complete by product's approach the scholar works on quality. It supposes to consider the making of and not the finished state of the product. So, qualification is the process of qualities' identification and inscription in the product. Regular adjustments are needed between product's identification on market and the coordination and the activity of each operator. Qualification is a real work as distributed activity. This Ph-D analyse in detail this process from singular case of Red Labelling Lamb. Four results back up the Ph-D's main concept : qualification levels. First, as far as quality, agricultural collectiv action and public action are elaborated in cooccurence. Second result is about substance of market. Observation of concrete acts of qualification allow us to identify several circulation spaces in the name of differentiated expectations of the supply chain intermediaries. As well as the operators create this differentiation conditions, the product can be considered as an homogeneous good. Third result is about collective shapes. From a unique structure, the analysed labelling product built a significant link between independant organisations. The relevant group's borders fluctuate as the qualification level. At last, settle down the product in a generic market shape open possibilities of its publicisation in a territorial common good. By collection effect, this publicisation qualifies the territory. So, we have a political extension of the collective shapes. Qualification working gets through the classical distinction of political and economical activities
Labatut, Sophie. "Produits cosmétiques et d'hygiène corporelle vendus en officine." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P020.
Full textDebruyne, Michel. "Conception et management de la qualité dans les entreprises de distribution." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL12002.
Full textQuality is a complex managerial variable. It is not only a technical, economical and marketing variable but also a strategic and organizational one that must be conceived in relation with the environment of the firm. So, this research works out adjusted proposals with characteristics of large-scale retailing offer. Consequently, our objective is double - to spell out the criteria of quality in this sector - to study the successful conditions of a quality strategy for these firms
Danieau, Loïc. "La Démarche qualité dans l'agro-alimentaire." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT012A.
Full textSaurat-Canouet, Sandrine. "Mise en place d'un réseau assurance qualité radiopharmaceutiques." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P066.
Full textMartin, Julien. "Prix, qualité et commerce international." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010035.
Full textBesombes, du Pontavice Cécile. "Pluralité d'acteurs et incertitude sur la qualité des produits : les mondes de qualité dans la filière viande bovine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100136.
Full textGuenand, Anne. "Contribution à la conception préliminaire intégrant la variabilité des préférences clients : application au design de produits technologiques à contenus numériques." Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0054.
Full textImproving the quality of products constitutes a permanent effort of the industrial companies for satisfying their customers and obtaining new markets. Paradoxically, the rationalization of the means of design and production leads to a relative standardization of products, and we observe a renewal of the immaterial values (emotional and symbolic expectations) linked to the product. Designing desirable products for even more demanding and fickle users becomes an important challenge for the industrial companies: the feelings aroused by the appearance of products, by their functions and by the behaviour induced by the products’ use are the linchpin of their success but are difficult to predict. The control of the customer satisfaction is based largely on the understanding and the integration, in the upstream phases of the design process, of the subjective factors which structure the preferences and activate the act of purchase. In this thesis, we show the necessity of developing a specific approach regarding needs exploration - based on a theoretical approach of the active perception and design thinking - and regarding the products design process - based on the theoretical approach of robust design - to facilitate the emergence of innovations that guarantee better customer satisfactions. We propose in this thesis a Preliminary Robust Design method. We expose this method through two design cases. The first case describes the design of a new music player taking into account the variability of the preferences connected to the variety of the emotional states of the user. The second case, led within the framework of a partnership with France-Telecom, presents the innovative design of an interpersonal communication device, which takes into account the variability of the preferences connected to the variety of the communicational modalities between two users. This method helps to design products and services that better satisfy the paradoxical expectations and preferences of the customers, by transforming the set of expectations in a new function "variability" of the product, which is then joined to the design specifications in the design process
Guerra, Anne-Sophie. "Métrologie sensorielle dans le cadre du contrôle qualité visuel." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS037.
Full textThe thesis deals with the problem of visual quality control of high quality manufactured products. We make the hypothesis that the control of this quality will be still realized many years by a visual inspection of the products. The first chapter presents a bibliographical study of different elements relating to the quality control in general, and particularly, the visual inspection. The chapter 2 describes the generic approach that we propose to perceive, then evaluate an anomaly. This approach separates in a formal way the perception of an anomaly from its evaluation. We show that this distinction gives a better comprehension of the variability sources in the visual inspection. Based on the approaches very largely used within the framework of the sensory analysis, our approach thus formalizes these two steps in order to reduce the variability in the decision of conformity during a visual inspection. The chapter 3 proposes a structuring metrological approach having for objective to guarantee the accuracy and the reduced variability in time and space. Our suggestion, based on the concepts of a dimensional metrology, integrates the specificities related to any sensory measurement carried out by the man, and in particular the part of significant subjectivity which can be associated to this measurement. Based on the evaluation of only one anomaly, we describe in the chapter 4 an approach allowing to decide acceptance or refusal of a product combining various anomalies on various surfaces. Our approach, based on the Taguchi's loss function, makes it possible to generalize with the visual inspection the approaches of tolerance largely used in geometrical quality of the products. The chapter 5 illustrates the application of these concepts within the company with which we collaborated. It also proposes a synthesis of profits that such an approach can produce
Manier, Gaëtane. "Les impuretés dans les produits sucriers isuus de la betterave : caractérisation et incidence sur la qualité du sucre." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0319.
Full textThe sugar beet products contained non-sugars which were characterized and their composition evolution during the process was followed. Some of these (polysaccharides or colorants) thought to be harmful, were synthesised or directly obtained from sugar beet extracts. Their impact on the sucrose crystal quality was observed. The effect of specific treatment (extraction of impurities; modification of production parameters) on sugar beet products to the sucrose quality was studied. This work confirmed that colorants (caramels, PDAH, melanoïdins) and polysaccharides (pectins and dextrans) are harmful for the sucrose crystal quality. Crystallization performed in the laboratory allowed to observe the impurities transfer inside the crystal. These impurities were extracted and characterized. Our results indicate that harmful impurities are not high molecular weight compounds. Components included in the tested sugar correspond to a mixture of colorants but also to oligosaccharides DP<8
Kobenan, Kouamé Jean-Moïse. "Contribution à l’évaluation de la qualité de la collaboration en conception de produits." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI081/document.
Full textToday functional structure of enterprises requires teamwork and project mode organization. These projects are carried out by experts from different domains of expertise. Besides the teams need supporting tools in order to improve the efficiency of their design process and to propose adapted solutions to complex design problems. In the course of their meetings and collaborative activities they create group awareness through their interactions and creation of various artifacts. This thesis studies mechanisms that underlie performance of collaborative design team in synchronous meeting. In this thesis we demonstrate the links between Transactive Memory System (TMS), Collaborative Design Activities (CDA) and Objects called Resources (RSC), and identify the elements that drive these links. A survey has been used to study collaborative design teams in academic environment. Then, we performed direct observation of two teams during synchronous collaborative design meetings with a serious game Delta Design on interactive table. Results show that if performance is enhanced statistically by good TMS or CDA, and the link is demonstrate, so is the links between CDA RSC. However, the lack of statistical strong correlation between TMS and RSC seems to show that team members are not conscious of using artifacts during TMS building. While artifacts on interactive table are more solicited and decision making activities seems to be more important during their session. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of collaborative design teams and offers tools to evaluate collaborative design activities
El, Haouzali Hafida. "Deroulage du peuplier : effets cultivars et stataions sur la qualité des produits dérivés." Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENAM0025.
Full textPeeling industry is the major application for poplar resource composed with more and more cultivars. A comprehensive evaluation of wood quality of these different cultivars is necessary for a better knowledge of their adequacy to different conventional (light packaging, plywood) or innovative applications (LVL for construction) in order to help foresters in their choices. This research participates to this approach focusing on poplar peelability, veneer quality, mechanical properties of plywood and LVL produced from 10 cultivars (5 well-known by professional and 5 promising new ones) coming from 4 different types of forest stations. Three trees having been harvested per station and per cultivar, the tests have been performed on 120 trees: 40 of them have been peeled in 1. 4 mm thick, 40 in 3 mm thick at laboratory scale. The other 40 trees have been peeled in industry in order to collect estimation of qualitative and quantitative production yields. Veneer quality has been evaluated measuring curl-up, surface quality (roughness, plushy surfaces), thickness variation, lathe checking. These veneers have been used to manufacture 320 plywood and LVL boards using two types of glue (PVAC and MUF). Each board has been characterized by non destructive and destructive bending and shearing tests. The results show that veneer quality mainly depends of peeling thickness and of radial position into the tree. Boards’ mechanical performances are linked to veneer thickness and glue types. No cultivar or stations effect haven been clearly identified, it is not necessary to adapt peeling and board manufacturing processes according to cultivars and station. Nevertheless, it seems relevant to discuss about an increase of poplar rotation duration in order to be able to use this wood for construction. Finally, technical proposals are made to bypass the presence of tension wood into poplar producing fuzzy surfaces
Longuet, Patrick. "Le consommateur et le risque alimentaire : vers un modèle intégrateur d'équilibre." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0011.
Full textOur work is focused on food risk and particularly the analysis of the consumer behavior in a real risky situation. Our theoretical framework is translated from the models based upon stability, used in many other sciences. Our central question is based on : how to get a better understanding of the consumer behaviour in a risky situation?We have followed two major steps in our work. Firstly, a review of literature gives us the conceptual framework and secondly, an empirical study explore the dimensions involved in the crisis evaluation by the consumer himself. Our methodological plan used the scenario method, and we have both conducted a qualitative and quantitative study. We finally give the results of our work and try to establish the limits and the future possibilities for further research works
Avrillon, Laetitia. "Démarche de résolution de problèmes qualité dans le cadre de produits nouveaux de haute technologie." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS035.
Full textIndustrial products currently developed are more and more complex and make use of several technologies at the same time. Moreover, design times are increasingly reduced, bringing new constraints during pre-industrialization phases. Companies have to rapid solve many problems by involving experts who have a partial knowledge of the product limited to their field of specialty. These new constraints are rarely taken into account in traditional problem solving methods. The purpose of the research work developed in this PhD thesis is quality problem solving methodology for new high technology products. By "quality problem", we mean any technical problem due to a special cause concerning the product or the process. The aim of the study is thus to propose a methodological structure adapted to this context from an organizational, sociocultural and technical point of view. The structure must be adaptable to the future evolution of this type of company: cohabitation of stabilized products and newly developed products. The objective is not to propose yet another problem solving method but rather a tunable structure in accordance with each configuration. The suggested principle is founded on a basic structure (phases and tools) modified by two assessments: the assessment of the problem profile and the assessment of its methodological state. The crossing of these two evaluations allows us to build a contextualized problem solving method with the phases that remain to be created and dedicated instrumentation for each phase. We worked on three main axes to develop this instrumentation : -selection of the methods and tools that are the most adapted to our context, improvement of these entities, analysis of the potential positive interactions between them -development of new tools -analysis of methodologies for other fields (criminology and accidentology) which have similar constraints to the studied context and their adaptation to industry. This PhD bas been carried out in the frame of a "CIFRE convention" with TRIXELL committed to the development and production of a complete family of X-ray flat panel digital detectors for the entire radiological imaging industry
Alceu, Amoroso Lima Marcelo. "Qualité d'utilisation des ressources dans l'émergence technologique : recherche-experimentation, diagnostic et propositions de solutions." Lyon 2, 1991. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1991/alceuamorosolima_m.
Full textThe main contributions of this thesis are : (a) the adaptation of a method of experimental research in management, based on the socio-economic intervention developped by the "institut de socio-économie des entreprises et des organisations" at Lyon, France (named research-experimentation) that allowed us to obtain significant information from the actors of a complex, diffuse and often hidden organisational problematics ; (b) the proposition of a global model of comprehension of the technology emergency that articulates organisational phenomena, technological phenomena and competitive phenomena ; (c) the reconstitution of the disfunctions of the technological emergency, which allowed us to build an inventory of themes of disfunciton that is usefull in the diagnostics of a particular situation of technology emergency and also to make a description of the identified disfunctions; (d) the identification of the causes of disfunction in technology emergency and the proposition of solutions and concrete tools of management in order to solve them
Arbex, de castro vilas boas Alexandre. "Comment piloter au champ la qualité de la tomate d’industrie ? : impact du déficit hydrique, du génotype et des procédés sur la qualité finale des produits transformés." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0701/document.
Full textTomato is the second most consumed vegetable in the world and most of it is consumed in processed form. The industry tomato is typically a demanding crop in water. Production is mainly in the Mediterranean zone, facing increasingly frequent periods of drought, and constrained, in the context of climate change, to reduce the withdrawal of water resources for its agriculture. Water is a major factor affecting the yield and quality of tomatoes, so there is a direct link between upstream agriculture (production) and industrial downstream (processing). Although works to better understand pre-post-harvest links exists, better adapting production to changing climatic constraints remains a challenge for the industry, and it is in this context that this thesis work is located. In this context, the objective of the thesis was to analyze during the chain of production and processing, the impact of agronomic and technological factors on the quality of tomato purées, and to identify during this chain levers to improve the taste, nutritional and environmental of the finished product. Given this objective, this work was constructed to analyze 1) what are the main agronomic and technological factors responsible for the variability of the quality of fresh and processed fruit within the French production areas of industrial tomatoes; 2) what are the effects of variety, water supply, stage of development and process on the quality of fresh fruits and their suitability for processing; 3) what are the processes responsible for the changes in the rheological properties of the purees. Our results showed differences in the quality of fruit and processed products between the two major French industrial tomato production regions in 2015. The choice of cultivar and practices, such as planting density or production cycle time, were responsible for these differences. In the absence of a water deficit, climatic differences (thermal amplitudes and cumulative precipitation) did not seem to be a major factor of variation. Exploration of pre-post-harvest links then confirmed that the commonly used harvest criteria (yield and °Brix) provided little information on the processing ability of tomatoes. In addition, we have shown that decreasing irrigation to replace only 60% of plant evapotranspiration has had little effect on the yield of fresh fruit, and has increased dry matter yield to + 27%, which is positive for the plant. The efficiency of the use of irrigation water has thus been increased by an average of 20% over the entire cycle. The composition of the dry matter of the fruits at harvest was not significantly affected by the water deficit in 2016. On the other hand, when these same fruits were transformed according to industrial processes, the water deficit improved the viscosity of the purees without affecting its color. It also limited the loss of viscosity obtained when the process has a low temperature maceration phase (Cold Break (CB)). This result suggested that the enzymatic reactivity of the tissues was reduced. On the other hand, more drastic water stress in 2017 led to significant differences in dry matter content. As the purees are concentrated to the same SSC content, then the WD purees, which less water has been removed, shows a lower viscosity. The mastery of the dry matter is not the only factor affecting the rheology of purees. It is a complex phenomenon depending on several factors. Indeed, when the differences in viscosity are induced by the cooking method, it is mainly the viscosity of the serum (liquid part of the mash) that is involved. When the viscosity variations are induced by the use of Variety with a high potential for viscosity (Ketchup tomato), it is the size and shape of the particles and their aggregation potential that are involved
Baldin, Claire. "La qualité sanitaire et environnementale comme variable stratégique du commerce agricole Nord-Sud : une étude entermes de normes et de technologies agricoles." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0025.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to study how quality norms as international norms SPS and TBT, standards or labels… setting up by North Countries. These non-tariff barriers play an important role in agricultural trade of South countries. We show that these measures have protectionism effects and are use as competitiveness trade strategy. In the first chapter we study the impact of SPS and TBT in the North-South trade. From a literature empirical and econometric analysis, we identify “stylized facts” that characterize the quality policies in agricultural trade. In the second chapter, we realize the scope and the limits of the main models of vertical differentiation, which consider the standards or the labels as quality signal or as trade barrier when the signal is establish by the government. To complete these analyses, we develop a mixed duopoly model with horizontal product differentiation to explain how south countries can conserve their comparatives advantages. In the third chapter, we show how the new agricultural technologies – organic agriculture, biotechnology and precision farming – have increased North-South disparities. We develop an international duopoly model with horizontal product differentiation. Firstly, we explain how precision farming allows the implementation of subsidies trade policy from North countries and, secondly, we show how this policy can threaten the competitiveness of South countries
Danovics, Vadims. "L' indication géographique de produits agricoles dans l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010038.
Full textBouvard, Marie-Christine. "Microbiologie des produits cosmétiques et contrôle par bioluminescence." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1P064.
Full textLamani, Viola. "International trade, trade costs and quality of traded commodities." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0746/document.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to identify the effects of trade costs on the quality structure of international trade flows. In chapter one we empirically analyze the determinants of Cognac export flows and emphasize the role of trade costs. We show that, as with other luxury products, the elasticity of Cognac exports to distance is negative and relatively small. Meanwhile, average customs duties do not have a significant impact on the intensive margin, but we find that they negatively affect the probability of trade, after correcting for an endogeneity bias. In chapter two we empirically test the validity of the Alchian and Allen effect that states that per-unit charges increase the relative demand of higher quality goods. We use data on Cognac exports by quality designations. The measure of Cognac quality is objective and invariant over time. Our results show that distance and specific duties increase the share of exports of higher quality Cognac. We also examine the impact of containerization on Cognac's quality mix from 1967 to 2013. In chapter three we build a theoretical model of a North-South duopoly where firms compete in prices on both markets. We use this framework to study the impact of several trade policy instruments (import tariff, quota and quality standard) on the product R&D investment of the Northern firm. Our results show that the Northern firm's R&D expenditures increase with each policy instrument except for the import quota
Nagorny, Pierre. "Contrôle automatique non-invasif de la qualité des produits : Application au procédé d'injection-moulage des thermoplastiques." Thesis, Chambéry, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CHAMA008.
Full textInline quality control of the product is an important objective for industries growth. Controlling a product quality requires measurements of its quality characteristics. One hundred percent control is an important objective to overcome the limits of the control by sampling, in the case of defects related to exceptional causes. However, industrial constraints have limited the deployment of measurement of product characteristics directly within production lines. Human visual control is limited by its duration incompatible with the production cycle at high speed productions, by its cost and its variability. Computer vision systems present a cost that reserves them for productions with high added value. In addition, the automatic control of the quality of the appearance of the products remains an open research topic.Our work aims to meet these constraints, as part of the injection-molding process of thermoplastics. We propose a control system that is non-invasive for the production process. Parts are checked right out of the injection molding machine.We will study the contribution of non-conventional imaging. Thermography of a hot molded part provides information on its geometry, which is complementary to conventional imaging. Polarimetry makes it possible to discriminate curvature defects of surfaces that change the polarization angle of reflected light and defects in the structure of the material that diffuse light.Furthermore, specifications on products are more and more tighter. Specifications include complex geometric features, as well as appearance features, which are difficult to formalize. However, the appearance characteristics are difficult to formalize. To automate aspect control, it is necessary to model the notion of quality of a part. In order to exploit the measurements made on the hot parts, our approach uses statistical learning methods. Thus, the human expert who knows the notion of quality of a piece transmits his knowledge to the system, by the annotation of a set of learning data. Our control system then learns a metric of the quality of a part, from raw data from sensors. We favor a deep convolutional network approach (Deep Learning) in order to obtain the best performances in fairness of discrimination of the compliant parts. The small amount of annotated samples available in our industrial context has led us to use domain transfer learning methods.Finally, in order to meet all the constraints and validate our propositions, we realized the vertical integration of a prototype of device of measure of the parts and the software solution of treatment by statistical learning. The device integrates thermal imaging, polarimetric imaging, lighting and the on-board processing system necessary for sending data to a remote analysis server.Two application cases make it possible to evaluate the performance and viability of the proposed solution
Deeb, Salah. "Contribution méthodologique à la maîtrise conjointe de la qualité d’un produit et de ses processus de production par une modélisation des concepts qualité." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10005/document.
Full textIn today’s world of globalization, quality becomes a strategic tool to face the new economic and social stakes of the enterprise by its impact on jointly controlling the quality of the product and the processes supporting its production as well. This control is directly related to the coherent organization of the quality activities which are structured on the different enterprise levels. One of the major challenges is to set up the quality process as a process according to the “system” definition; i.e. a process which effectively integrates the quality activities on the different enterprise levels as well as with other processes belonging to the enterprise. Coping to this challenge, several methodologies and methods were proposed to support the whole or a part of modelling the process quality. However, the lack of formalization harms the effectiveness and the efficiency of their application. Regarding this double report on integration and lack of formalization, our contribution consists in developing a generic quality approach for formalising a process quality at the tactical level linked to the other enterprise levels. This approach is in accordance with the TQM to control and improve jointly the quality of the product and the production process. Since we propose and automated approach, it can be deployed from the design phase to the exploitation phase of the process quality control. The originality of this work consists on the unification, in the form of meta-models, of the quality concepts on the basis of: the process approach defined in the standard ISO9000:2000, the function "quality management" as defined by the standard IEC/ISO62264, the quality methods, and finally on the modelling of relevant indicators. The feasibility of this approach is shown by an application case of a manufacturing process
Odou, Philippe. "L'utilisation des schémas catégoriels dans le processus d'évaluation d'un produit : une application aux catégories associées au pays d'un produit." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0045.
Full textOudin-Pohl, Caroline. "Essai de constitution d'un dossier cosmétique pour un gel amincissant préparé et commercialisé en officine." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOP033.
Full textMartin, Marguerite. "Les marchés de l'indigo en France : flux, acteurs, produits (XVIIè - XVIIIè siècles)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H053.
Full textFrom the middle of the 17th to the end of the 18th century, the French empire had a dominant position in the market for indigo in Europe. From Saint-Domingue, indigo was imported in France and then reexported to the Mediterranean and North European countries. Indigo was a tropical dyestuff that was widely used in the textile industry on cotton, silken and woolen textiles. The dyeing industry was one of the most innovative sectors in the textile industry, closely connected with new inflows of tropical dyestuffs, technical exchanges with Asia and the Americas and the birth of modem chemistry. This dissertation aims at showing how in the long distance trade, producers and users of indigo were able to communicate, considering that indigo was a highly heterogeneous dyestuff
Etienne, Marie-Cécile. "Démarches en vue de la constitution d'un dossier cosmétique : application au shampooing antipelliculaire A.C.T.O." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOP032.
Full textLacombe-Saboly, Michèle. "Les déterminants de la qualité des produits comptables des entreprises : le rôle du dirigeant." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT4002.
Full textThe accounting information is called now "accounting product"; this designation leads to ask for what are the factors which influence their quality. The manager has a mainly part : this fact has been enlighted by an empirical research : he express his needs on relevant information for management, he makes organizational choices for financial function. The analysis of these needs and choices shows the trade-off between relevance and reliability
Sarrouf, Muriel. "Les normes privées relatives à la qualité des produits : étude d’un phénomène juridique transnational." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020053/document.
Full textThe recent proliferation of private standards is not only of growing interest to economists who seek to evaluate its impact on trade flows; it is also relevant to international law, particularly to international economic law, in a double perspective. First, from the perspective of legal theory, the legal status of private standards has still to be determined. Second, from an empirical standpoint, private standards have the potential to negatively impact the access of developing countries to the markets of developed countries. This raises the question of the opportunity and modalities of submitting them to the disciplines of the WTO Agreements. This study demonstrates that private standards are one of the expressions of broader ‘transnational law’, a body of law that has been developing in parallel to ‘traditional’ state-centered international law. This implies that international law cannot merely consider private standards as an object to be disciplined; rather, the traditional ‘repressive’ approach should be rejected in favor of a more collaborative approach stressing the interrelations between the two bodies of norms as well as possible forms of coordination
Larceneux, Fabrice. "Stratégies de signalisation de la qualité : l'impact des labels sur le processus de décision des consommateurs." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090047.
Full textDompnier, Lucille. "Le jugement de qualité d'un objet manufacturé : le réseau conceptuel sous-jacent." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5013.
Full textQuality has become an absolute necessity for a product's manufacture. Therefore, knowing what representation a person has of that quality has became an important goal. Conceptual representation of objects and of their properties is analyzable in semantic features. The theories known as "theory-based" theories (Ahn, 1998 ; Rehder & Hastie, 2001) postulate on the existence of a network of causal relations between features. The goal of our study is to highlight these causal relations for two objects (a car and a computer) in the context of quality judgment and to determine the effect of the knowledge of the participants on this network. Our results point out that the feature's nature determines its causal status and this feature's causal status determines its relief and its verbalization. The level of knowledge of the participants has an impact on the establishment of relations between features' values. The results are discussed using the models of "theory-based" theories
Rigoureau, Bertrand. "Le matériel à usage unique dans la transfusion sanguine : l'évolution de sa contribution dans l'amélioration de la qualité des produits sanguins labiles." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P102.
Full textGarat, Christine. "Le contrôle dans l'industrie cosmétique et l'application des bonnes pratiques de laboratoire de contrôle." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P067.
Full textTallec, Fabien. "Rôle de l'action collective dans la construction de la qualité dans une filière agro-alimentaire : analyse des différentes formes de coordination des commerçants de la filière des céréales sèches au Mali." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS025S.
Full textImproving the quality has become one of the stakes in agro-commodity chains. In developing countries, this process has sped up in the last twenty-two years because of the liberalization of the agricultural sector and the market segmentation. In these countries, improvement of the quality is subdued to specific constraints. First of all, states have neither the ability nor the credibility to support official norms of quality. Secondly, variability of the agro-climatic conditions leads to a large heterogeneity of the quality of the agricultural production. This thesis focuses on the coordination of economic agents of these commodity chains for the improvement and validation of their quality, including these different constraints. The framework is along the line of a neo-institutional economic way of thinking and uses the theory of transaction cost and the theory of collective action. In this case, the quality is as an endogenous variable and depends on the governance of agricultural chains. The analysis of the non-irrigated cereal chains in Mali shows a symbiotic relationship between the vertical coordination (linked with the traditional networks) and the horizontal coordination (using the collective action between the bosses of the networks) in improving the quality. The study case of three traders’ groups displays their efficiency when they are located in the pivotal role of commodity chains. The approach by the collective action in the three different devices underlines the determining factors to improve the quality
Havreljuk, Filip. "Évaluation visuelle des arbres feuillus sur pied et valeur des produits transformés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26104.
Full textTemperate deciduous forests of southern Quebec are of great economic importance because they are the main supply source of the appearance wood products industries. However, the difficulty of linking the external characteristics of a tree to the internal quality of its wood creates supply-related uncertainties, since the quality of selected trees for harvest may not correspond to the real needs of these processing industries. The main objective of this study was to improve the supply forecasts of hardwood processing industries by linking the quality assessment of standing trees to their products assortment and their monetary value. One of the most important internal factors affecting the value of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) lumber is the presence of a reddish-brown colored area in the center of the stem called red heartwood. Samples from 12 locations throughout the temperate zone in southern Quebec showed that regional differences in the radial proportion of the colored area in both species were mainly due to factors related to tree development, such as age and radial growth around the colored area. Part of the variability in sugar maple was also associated with the annual minimum temperature of a sampling location. In addition, the study of 64 sugar maple and 32 yellow birch trees that were harvested, bucked into logs and processed into lumber showed that among all defect types that need to be considered for tree marking, visible evidence of fungal infections and cracks had the largest negative influence on value in both species. The analysis of the lumber products assortment showed that the proportion of the best grades increased with the length and the diameter of the logs, so that it was higher at the bottom of the stem. Logs with a large red heartwood area produced more wood of lesser value. Overall, these results link the visual assessment of standing trees to the quality and value of processed products to allow better decision making in the hardwoods supply chain.
Dagnelie, Romain. "Développement d'un capteur chimique de polluants atmosphériques à transduction optique et à la base de matériaux nanoporeux : application à la détection des composés carbonylés pour le contôle de la qualité de l'air." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112311.
Full textDuring the last decade, the increase of the awareness of the importance of indoor air quality and its potential impact on human health has stimulated an interest in formaldehyde, a carcinogen for humans. Because of its numerous emission sources (plywood, isolation foam, adhesive resins, cosmetic, etc…), CH2O is a ubiquitous indoor pollutant whose concentrations can vary from a few ppb to more than 100 ppb in homes. Over this domain of concentration, a few methods are commercially available, such as gas chromatography combined with a methanation process or the Hantzsch method involving the bubbling of the contaminated air in a liquid reactant. However, those sensors have a few drawbacks in terms either of simplicity of the sampling, heavy maintenance or high cost and high cost of consumables. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, fast and sensitive sensor which can detect a wide range of concentration of formaldehyde is an important and significant challenge. The present thesis work was achieved in the “Chemical Sensors” team of the Francis Perrin Laboratory (LFP), a unit of the Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) associated with the National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS). Various strategies were developed to obtain very sensitive and selective sensors. With nanoporous SiO2 thin layers deposited on quartz substrate, acting as a sponge to trap the pollutants and whose pore size distribution can be tailored to filter the pollutants by their size, a first selectivity can be obtained. These nanoporous materials were synthesized with tetramethoxysilane precursors (TMOS) using the Sol-Gel process. With the use of 4-amino-3-pentene-2-one (Fluoral-P), which absorbs in the UV and which reacts selectively with formaldehyde, a product, the 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) is obtained which absorbs and fluoresces over the visible region. By collecting the DDL fluorescence, it is possible to detect CH2O over a wide range of concentrations, from 400 ppt to 200 ppb. A home-made prototype was developed which comprises four units: the light source composed of a light emitting diode (LED, 410 nm) with its power supply, a flow cell unit equipped with a micro-pump, a detection unit equipped with a miniaturized spectrometer from Ocean Optics and a computer to drive the experiments. The prototype response was studied as functions of the formaldehyde concentration, under various conditions of flow rate, exposure duration, temperature (5-50 °C) and relative humidity (0-70 %) and the calibration curves were established. With a pulsed-mode detection implying 2 to 3 minutes of exposure of the sensor to the pollutant, 40 measurements can be collected with a single sensitive layer. As water vapor was found to be the major interference in the formaldehyde detection, we have explored three main routes to reduce or suppress the effect of humidity: i) the replacement of Fluoral-P by a more hydrophobic derivative, the 4-Amino-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one, ii) the potentiality of various hydrophobic porous xerogel monoliths and thin films to be water-repellent and iii) the addition of a drying unit. Few methylated (Methyltrimethoxysilane) and fluorinated (3,3,3-Trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane) alcoxide co-precursors were combined in various proportions with TMOS to give materials with different hydrophobicity properties. We have shown via contact angle measurements and thermo-gravimetric analyses that fluorinated xerogel monoliths and thin films display the most hydrophobic character since the water droplets does not diffuse into the matrix. However, their permeability to water vapor is totally different. To scale the permeability of porous material to water vapor, we proposed a new and original method based on the quantitative measurement of the lifetime of a probe molecule, Fluoral-P, trapped in the matrix and which is hydrolyzed in humidified atmosphere. With this method, we not only demonstrated that the fluorinated xerogels, repellent to liquid water, still display permeability to water vapour, but also could quantify the efficiency of those materials to slow down the water vapor diffusion. Finally, the addition of a drying CaCl2 unit to trap water vapor allows the use of the sensor over the entire domain of humidity up to 100 %. During this work, we have participated to two campaigns of measurements of formaldehyde. The first one taking place in the south suburb of Paris involved four laboratories and the measurement of outdoor pollutants, with formaldehyde content as low as 400 ppt to few ppb and high humidity (60 %). The second one, organized by the Institute of National Institute of Environment and Industrial Risks was dedicated to the inter-comparison of both commercial apparatus and methods under development in laboratories. Moreover, a collaboration has been established with the CEA-LETI of Grenoble for the fabrication of an industrial prototype, INDIGO, whose performances are under investigation
Abdelnour, Abanob. "Développement d'étiquettes RFID UHF pour la traçabilité et le contrôle de qualité des produits alimentaires, Application : production de fromage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT081/document.
Full textIn the food sector, the use of RFID makes it possible to improve the safety of food while ensuring better traceability and better monitoring of products. The work of the thesis was mainly carried out within the framework of a project in cooperation with several academic and industrial partners in the cheese sector where the main objective of the project is to develop UHF RFID tags adapted to the constraints of food products by ensuring a dual function: a traceability function with unitary identification, and then a sensing function of cheese maturation by indirect measurement of its electromagnetic and physicochemical properties.The first step of the project was the characterization of the electromagnetic parameters of food products during ripening in order to achieve an appropriate design of the tag antenna. Knowledge of these properties is essential to meet industrial requirements and to integrate systems in right conditions. Also, a correlation study is carried out between the variation of the dielectric properties and that of the chemical properties during the period of cheese ripening. This study helps to understand the difference between cheese types and allows determining the main parameters to follow during cheese maturation for the design of the sensor tag.The second step was the design of identification tags for the traceability of food products during the manufacturing process. The primary objective is to create a UHF RFID tag with a performance that meets the needs of manufacturers in the cheese sector regarding the size, memory and reading distance while respecting the health standards at the packaging level as well as the substrate used. Several UHF RFID tag configurations were realized and tested in an industrial environment where the results obtained show the effectiveness of using an RFID system to automate the traceability of products in the cheese sector.The third step is the design of sensor tags to track the degree of maturation of products during the ripening period. A first solution, based on the exploitation of the effect of variation of the dielectric properties on the tag reading distance, shows a lack of performance due to the small variations as well as the difficulties of measurement in a real environment. A second solution based on the analysis of gas evolution rate shows the possibility of estimating the degree of cheese maturation. However, the sensor activation power and the high cost represent significant challenges and thus it was difficult to adopt this solution. Finally, two alternative solutions to measure the effect of gas evolution were presented. The idea is based on monitoring other parameters varying due to the increase of gas release during cheese maturation. The first sensor tag configuration traces the variation of product dimension due to maturation using a resistive sensor. On the other hand, the second sensor tag configuration measures the change of pressure inside the product packaging due to gas production. The results obtained show that these two sensor RFID tag configurations can offer simple and practical solutions for controlling the cheese ripening process
Paulic, Pascale. "Mise au point sur l'élastine et contribution à l'étude de sa qualité." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P108.
Full textNicolas, Mélanie. "Ozone et qualité de l'air intérieur : interactions avec les produits de construction et de décoration." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134593.
Full textUn banc d'exposition contrôlée a été mis au point pour étudier les interactions entre l'ozone et seize produits de construction et de décoration fréquemment rencontrés dans les environnements intérieurs. Pour tous les matériaux testés, une disparition d'ozone significative, comprise entre 8% pour une peinture glycérophtalique et 89% pour un lambris en pin brut, a été observée. Des vitesses apparentes de dépôt de l'ozone sur les matériaux variant de 0,003 à 0,158 cm•s-1 ont été calculées. Les émissions des matériaux sont modifiées en présence d'ozone. Certains composés sont détectés en concentrations inférieures (styrène, alcènes C12) tandis que d'autres sont retrouvés en concentrations nettement supérieures, notamment des aldéhydes (formaldéhyde, acétaldéhyde, benzaldéhyde, C5 à C10), des cétones et des acides carboxyliques. Lors d'essais conduits sur un lambris en pin, la prédominance des mécanismes hétérogènes dans la disparition d'ozone a été mise en évidence, la contribution des réactions en phase homogène étant estimée entre 5 et 20 %.
L'impact de la pollution photochimique sur la qualité de l'air intérieur a été étudié durant les étés 2003 et 2004 dans la maison expérimentale MARIA du CSTB. Il apparaît que la pollution extérieure (NO, NO2 et O3) est complètement transférée dans la pièce par le système de ventilation. Près de 80% à 95% de l'ozone est éliminé à l'intérieur de la pièce, témoignant ainsi de la présence d'importants puits d'ozone. Des sous-produits réactionnels ont été identifiés, en particulier le formaldéhyde, l'hexaldéhyde, le benzaldéhyde et le nonanal. Il apparaît que la réactivité en phase hétérogène prédomine sur les réactions en phase gazeuse, bien que des réactions d'ozonolyse d'alpha-pinène aient été observées dans la pièce. Les variations quotidiennes des concentrations intérieures de l'ozone et de certains composés (formaldéhyde, hexaldéhyde) soulignent le rôle de la réactivité chimique et des paramètres environnementaux (surtout la température) sur les émissions de certains matériaux, et donc sur leurs concentrations dans l'air intérieur.
Un modèle simple de prédiction des concentrations intérieures de polluants a été mis au point. Les prévisions sont réalisées d'après les concentrations extérieures des polluants et intègrent la réactivité en phase homogène et en phase hétérogène. Pour NO, les données simulées et réelles sont quasiment identiques tandis que le modèle surestime les concentrations intérieures de NO2, probablement du fait de l'absence de prise en compte du dépôt de NO2 sur les surfaces intérieures. Les prévisions des concentrations intérieures d'ozone sont très satisfaisantes.
Salaün, Philippe. "Conduite auto-adaptative de réactions discontinues en vue de l'optimisation de la qualité des produits." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL144N.
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