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Journal articles on the topic 'Qualité phytosanitaire'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Aouadi, Nawel, Francis Macary, and Adeline Alonso Ugaglia. "Évaluation multicritère des performances socio-économiques et environnementales de systèmes viticoles et de scénarios de transition agroécologique." Cahiers Agricultures 29 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020016.

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Le défi majeur du monde agricole aujourd’hui est de réduire de façon drastique l’usage des pesticides tout en maintenant un niveau de rendement, de qualité et de rentabilité satisfaisant. Dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche, nous avons étudié l’usage des produits phytosanitaires dans le Bordelais. Nous avons ensuite évalué les performances des systèmes viticoles existants afin de construire des scénarios de changement de pratiques pour réduire le recours aux pesticides, et préserver l’environnement et la santé humaine. Trente-huit viticulteurs pratiquant différents modes de conduite ont été interrogés. Les systèmes ont été évalués en utilisant deux méthodes d’analyse multicritère d’aide à la décision appartenant à la famille des méthodes ELECTRE : ELECTRE Tri-C et ELECTRE III. Sept critères d’évaluation ont été retenus, dont trois pour les performances socioéconomiques (rentabilité économique, charge de travail, complexité du système viticole) et quatre pour les performances environnementales (pression phytosanitaire, écotoxicité des pesticides, pratiques agroécologiques, niveau de la dérive des produits). Trois scénarios de changement de pratiques ont été construits en intégrant les bonnes pratiques identifiées sur le terrain : un scénario conventionnel raisonné optimisé (scénario Raisonné-Max) ; deux scénarios en démarche agroécologique : Agroécologie (avec usage optimisé de produits de synthèse) et Agroécologie-Bio (sans produits de synthèse). ELECTRE Tri-C a permis d’affecter chaque système viticole ainsi que les trois scénarios dans l’une des quatre catégories prédéfinies de performance. Puis ELECTRE III les a classés dans chaque catégorie. On note une supériorité de la performance socio-éco-environnementale des scénarios agroécologiques et des systèmes biologiques. Cela tient principalement à un niveau de valorisation de la production plus élevé dans ces systèmes et à un niveau de pression phytosanitaire plus faible lié aux pratiques plus favorables au renforcement de la biodiversité. Ces résultats axés sur des démarches concrètes et réalistes constituent des modèles adaptables à des exploitations viticoles conventionnelles.
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2

Macary, Francis, Fiona Guerendel, and Adeline Alonso Ugaglia. "Quels apports de la littérature pour comprendre et construire la transition agroécologique en viticulture ?" Cahiers Agricultures 29 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020035.

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En s’appuyant sur une revue de la littérature, l’article propose un état de l’art centré sur l’agroécologie, concept polysémique, afin d’en éclairer la portée pour la viticulture et son application, dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche destiné à comprendre et construire la transition agroécologique dans les vignobles. L’agroécologie est tour à tour considérée comme une discipline scientifique proposant une analyse systémique en intégrant des sciences humaines et sociales, un ensemble de pratiques intégrant les principes de l’écologie en agronomie (travailler avec la nature), ou un mouvement social. L’échelle d’analyse a progressivement été élargie depuis le niveau de la parcelle agricole vers celui des territoires, jusqu’à des approches globales du système alimentaire. La vigne est une monoculture pérenne pour laquelle les enjeux de la transition agroécologique sont particulièrement importants eu égard notamment à la forte pression des pesticides appliqués en vue de la protection phytosanitaire. Ce débat, devenu sociétal, implique une évolution des systèmes de production viticole afin de satisfaire les enjeux environnementaux et de santé publique. Pour construire et évaluer des scénarios de transition agroécologique auprès des professionnels de la filière, nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature qui a pu mettre en évidence différentes pratiques agroécologiques dans les vignobles : préservation de la biodiversité, baisse de l’usage des pesticides par une régulation des bioagresseurs et des adventices, conservation de la qualité des sols, adaptation au changement climatique. Elle permet également de discuter des enjeux d’élargissement de l’acception du concept d’agroécologie dans le contexte actuel. Ces éléments sont essentiels à l’identification de critères d’évaluation pour la construction de scénarios d’évolution des modes conventionnels de production viticole dans le cadre de la transition écologique.
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3

ORYNTAEV, Zhambyl, Zhanna AKSHATAYEVA, Gulnar AIGARINOVA, Zhanna KALKANOVA, and Gulnur RASHEVA. "Legal Issues for Ensuring Phytosanitary Safety and Environmental Protection." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 3 (2020): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.3(43).05.

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Phytosanitary safety is determined by the possibilities of ensuring food safety, which guarantees the sustainable development of the state and improvement of the quality of life. The specifics of ensuring regulation of phytosanitary safety are the principles of equilibrium regulation and the establishment of a holistic perception of safety parameters on the part of both regulatory bodies and regulatory agencies. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the formation of safety in the field of phytosanitary surveillance is determined not only by directly controlling the quality of plant raw materials, but also by the food products and materials that are subsequently produced from them. The authors have demonstrated aspects of the implementation of integrated surveillance, analysed the legal systems of various countries that can be sources of supervision and control in the field of phytosanitary safety. The article shows the possibility of expanding the standardisation programs of food raw materials and finished products for phytosanitary facilities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that ensuring phytosanitary safety on a global scale will reduce the need for food supply of individual countries and increase the depth of processing of current food technologies. Ultimately, this will affect the possibility of intensifying social development programs of individual countries and regions.
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4

Sanjuán-Herráez, Daniel, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Luis Juan-Peiró, Agustín Pastor, and Miguel de la Guardia. "Determination of indoor air quality of a phytosanitary plant." Analytica Chimica Acta 694, no. 1-2 (2011): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.039.

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5

Dukhnevych, Andrii V., Nataliia V. Karpinska, and Iryna V. Novosad. "Phytosanitary examination: Ukraine experience and international standards." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 2 (2021): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.262-268.

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The article explores Ukraine’s experience in conducting phytosanitary expertise based on international standards. It was stated that Ukraine should develop a series of draft in national legislation in the field of quarantine and plant protection, which would be adapted to the legislation of the European Union and at the same time meet the requirements of the International Plant Protection Convention. In this area, Ukraine has already partially implemented some structural reforms in the phytosanitary sector, but these processes require continued state support and encouragement, international coordination that will facilitate the development of agriculture in general. Such coordination can be undertaken primarily in the framework of international universal organisations within the UN system, in particular within FAO. It has been emphasised that Law of Ukraine No. 2501-VIII “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Regulation of Some Phytosanitary Procedures” came into force on February 2, 2019. Among the innovations are the granting of the right to carry out expert examination to private laboratories, new terms in the field of plant quarantine and the creation of the Register of Phytosanitary Certificates issued. It has been concluded that Ukraine is currently actively applying international standards, participating in their development and registering official translations of international standards for phytosanitary measures. Developing national and applying international standards, as a key factor in creating a quality system in the field of plant quarantine, not only ensure full fulfilment by Ukraine of its obligations under the IPPC and SPS, agreeing on the phytosanitary safety of exported quarantine cargoes, but also increase the competitiveness of the domestic vegetal products in the world market. This creates a positive image of Ukraine as a reliable trading partner that does not violate the requirements of other countries and guarantees the conformity of product quality, phytosanitary procedures to internationally recognised standards. Therefore, for qualified phytosanitary examinations, the mechanism of guaranteeing compliance with national and international standards, amending legislation, introducing effective penalties for violation of the rules and procedure for conducting phytosanitary examinations should be a promising area
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6

Pogodina, I. V., and A. V. Gusarov. "Phytosanitary standards and their impact on international trade in plant and agricultural products (problem statement)." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 26, 2020): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-6-130-134.

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Relevance and methods. he article examines the impact of phytosanitary standards on international trade in plant products. It is noted that it is complex in two ways: on the one hand, phytosanitary control protects against low-quality goods, non-native pests and diseases, on the other – negatively affects international trade, makes it difficult for small producers to enter the market, especially when it comes to developing countries. The study provides examples of Vietnam and Chile. Results. It is concluded that excessively strict phytosanitary regulations act more as a barrier than as a catalyst for trade. Moreover, there is a tendency to tighten requirements. The authors draw attention not only to the necessity, but also to the complexity of harmonization of phytosanitary standards.
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7

Vieira, Jucilayne Fernandes, Sandro de Oliveira, Zarela Casas Navarro Zanatta, Elisa Souza Lemes, Francisco Amaral Villela, and Antonio Carlos Souza Albuquerque Barros. "Physiological and phytosanitary potential of rocket seeds." Ciência Rural 45, no. 2 (2015): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20130728.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of rocket; the research was done at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and greenhouse of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Four lots of the cultivar "Antonella'' were tested for following features: initial and final moisture content, germination rate, first count of germination, accelerated aging with saline solution, dry matter contents, seedling shoot and root length, emergence speed index, emergence of seedlings in substrate, electrical conductivity and sanitary condition. A completely randomized design with four replications was used for all tests done and means were compared by Tukey test (P≤0.05). For all tests performed it was concluded that despite changes in the ranking of the best lots, there was agreement regarding the indication of the inferiority of the lot 3 in all tests and it was also observed that the incidence of fungi associated with seeds of rocket interfere with the physiological quality of the lots.
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8

Silva, Givanildo Z. da, Cibele C. Martins, Luciana C. do Nascimento, Gabriel G. Barreto, and Otília R. de Farias. "Phytosanitary quality of Brachiaria brizantha ‘BRS Piatã’ seeds in function of climate conditions." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 4 (2019): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n4p237-243.

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ABSTRACT Infected seeds are one of the main pathogen transmission vehicles, and they are responsible for significant losses in production fields; phytosanitary defense depends on the inoculum and climatic factors. Thus, in this study, it was aimed to identify climatic variables of the regions that propitiate the production of Brachiaria brizantha ‘BRS Piatã’ seeds infected with phytopathogenic fungi. Temperature and rainfall data were obtained from 10 production fields, and phytosanitary quality of the seeds was evaluated with the filter paper method; the means were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric analysis. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the climatic variables and seed phytosanitary quality. Sites with maximum temperatures higher than 30 °C, mean values close to 25 °C, and rainfall less than 82 mm during harvest were favorable to the incidence of Fusarium spp. The incidence of Bipolaris sp. in the seeds of Piatã grass was favored by temperatures around 19 and 20 °C during the maturation phase. The highest incidence of Exserohilum sp. occurred at the sites in which the temperature during harvest was close to 20 °C and accumulated rainfall, between 167 and 181 mm.
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9

Marisa M Wall. "Phytosanitary irradiation and fresh fruit quality: cultivar and maturity effects." Stewart Postharvest Review 11, no. 3 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2212/spr.2015.3.6.

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10

Golding, John B., Penta Pristijono, and Baogang Wang. "Effect of Phytosanitary Irradiation Treatment on the Storage Life of ‘Jiro’ Persimmons at 15 °C." Horticulturae 6, no. 4 (2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040092.

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Irradiation is becoming a more accepted phytosanitary market access treatment for some international horticultural trades. However, there is little information on the effects of phytosanitary irradiation treatment on persimmon fruit quality. ‘Jiro’ persimmon fruit were treated with an average of 769 Gray (Gy) at a commercial phytosanitary irradiation X-ray facility to examine the effect of this market access treatment on fruit quality during storage. After treatment, fruit were stored in air at 15 °C for up to three weeks. The results showed that, in general, there was no effect of irradiation treatment on fruit weight loss, calyx appearance, fruit firmness (objective and subjective), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), internal appearance, and ethylene production rate. There were some treatment differences in fruit respiration rates and some aspects of fruit appearance and colour, where irradiated fruit had higher respiration rates and were slightly darker with higher levels of skin blemish, although these measured differences were not commercially significant. This study showed the promise of using low dose irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for ‘Jiro’ persimmons, but more work is required to test other persimmon cultivars and other storage and marketing environments.
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11

Ахметзянов, Marsel Akhmetzyanov, Таланов, Ivan Talanov, Вафина, and Liliya Vafina. "PHYTOSANITARY STATE OF CROPS AND WINTER RYE PRODUCTIVITY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, no. 1 (2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19298.

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The article presents the results of studies on the influence of basic soil tillage and nutrition backgrounds to reduce of plants prevalence by root rot and leaf diseases, increasing yield productivity and quality of winter rye grain.
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12

Puia, Jacqueline Dalbelo, Leandro Camargo Borsato, Marilize Cristina Gonçalves de Oliveira, Adriano Thibes Hoshino, Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri, and Sandra Cristina Vigo. "Phytosanitary Quality of Genotypes of Wheat Seeds Used Northern Paraná State." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 6 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n6p57.

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Wheat seeds can be infested and/or infected by microorganisms that might cause deterioration of this propagation structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health quality of sixteen wheat genotypes grown in northern Paraná. Therefore, seeds of each genotype were submitted to the blotter test with 16 repetitions, 400 seeds per sample, for phytosanitary quality evaluation. The identification of the fungi was performed based on their morphological characteristics and quantified data. The results revealed variations in incidence, with 20 fungi genera in the analyzed samples. The fungi Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Bipolaris sp. were found in 100% of the analyzed samples, while Mucor sp. and Alternaria sp. were in 89% and 78% of the samples, respectively. The main pathogens that cause diseases in the aerial part of wheat were not found, or were low incidence in all materials analyzed. The pathogens with the highest incidence associated with wheat seeds were groups of storage fungi and known to produce mycotoxins.
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13

Teixeira, Cleonice Campos, Mauri Martins Teixeira, Haroldo Carlos Fernandes, Edney Leandro da Vitória, Paulo Roberto Cecon, and Derly José Henriques da Silva. "QUALITY CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC SPRAYING IN TOMATO." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 28 (November 23, 2020): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.8577.

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Tomato is a vegetable of great importance on the national scene. One of the problems of this culture is the great susceptibility to attack by pests and diseases. Thus, one of the most used practices is chemical control with phytosanitary products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical parameters of pneumatic spraying in tomato culture, through the study of the volumetric index and the population of spray droplets, aiming to reduce the spray volume, obtain the best efficiency and the social and environmental safety of the applications. The study of the droplet population was performed using water-sensitive paper labels. These labels were placed in the canopies of the tomato plants at three different heights and two positions. The sprays were made using a pneumatic backpack sprayer. After applying the syrup (dye + water), the water-sensitive paper labels were collected and subjected to the coverage and droplet density analyses by the computer program “CIR” version 1.5. The pneumatic sprayer proved to be efficient for the application of phytosanitary products in the tomato. The percentage of the target covered area ranged from 2.1 to 8.3% for volumetric indices as a function of thirds and positions, whereas the density of droplets ranged from 145.4 to 690.1 drops cm-2 for thirds and positions of the tomato plants evaluated. Finally, the volumetric index of 5 mL m-3, with a consequent spray volume of 50 L ha-1, met the parameters of a quality spray.
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14

Tong, Jonathan, Cyril Rakovski, and Anuradha Prakash. "Phytosanitary Irradiation Preserves the Quality of Fresh Blueberries and Grapes during Storage." HortScience 50, no. 11 (2015): 1666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.11.1666.

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The objective of this study was to monitor the effects of irradiation on the quality of blueberries and grapes treated at phytosanitary dose levels. Blueberry varieties ‘Star’, ‘Jewel’, and ‘Snowchaser’ and grape varieties ‘Sugraone’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ were irradiated at a target dose of 400 Gy (range of 400–590 Gy for blueberries and 400–500 Gy for grapes) and stored for 3 and 18 days under refrigeration, plus 3 days at ambient temperatures and evaluated for quality. Storage affected quality of both fruit more than irradiation treatment and there were significant differences among varieties. Irradiated ‘Star’ blueberries maintained their firmness and sensory scores and resisted decay. Alternatively, irradiated ‘Jewel’ blueberries decreased in firmness but sensory scores for overall liking were higher than the control following 3 weeks of storage. ‘Snowchaser’ blueberries were harvested late in the blueberry season and were not as affected by treatment or time due to their initial compromised nature. Firmness was the primary attribute affected by irradiation for both varieties of grapes, but sensory testing showed that consumers did not have a preference for control or irradiated fruit. With respect to other attributes such as color, weight loss, and soluble solids concentration (SSC)/titratable acidity (TA), there were differences among fruit varieties but treatment effects were not significant. Our results show that both, blueberries and grapes, have a high tolerance for phytosanitary irradiation and that storage affects their quality more than irradiation treatment.
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Kwon, Song, Hye Jin Kwon, Ju Hyun Ryu, and Yu Ri Kim. "Dose Effect of Phytosanitary Irradiation on the Postharvest Quality of Cut Flowers." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 23, no. 2 (2020): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2020.23.2.171.

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16

Fulano, Alex M., Geraldin M. W. Lengai, and James W. Muthomi. "Phytosanitary and Technical Quality Challenges in Export Fresh Vegetables and Strategies to Compliance with Market Requirements: Case of Smallholder Snap Beans in Kenya." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031546.

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Kenya is one of the leading exporters of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Europe, but the export volume has remained below potential mainly due to failure to meet the market quality standards. The quality concerns include the presence of regulated and quarantine pests, pesticide residues, harmful organisms, and noncompliance with the technical standards. These challenges call for the development of alternative approaches in overcoming the phytosanitary and quality challenges in the export of snap beans and other fresh vegetables. These may include integrated pest management (IPM) approaches that incorporate non synthetic chemical options, such as diversified cropping systems, plant and microbial-based pesticides, varieties with multiple disease and pest resistance, insecticidal soaps, pheromones and kairomones, entomopathogens and predators. These approaches, coupled with capacity-building and adherence to the set quality standards, will improve compliance with export market requirements. The aim of this paper is to increase knowledge on implementing good practices across the value chain of fresh vegetables that would lead to improved quality and thereby meeting institutional requirements for the export market. The novelty of the current review is using snap beans as a model vegetable to discuss the challenges that must be mitigated for the quest of achieving high quality and increased volume of fresh export products. Whilst many of the publications have focused on alternatives to synthetic pesticides in addressing MRLs in fresh vegetable exports, there is a disconnect between research and industry in achieving chemical residue and pest free export vegetables. This review describes the phytosanitary and technical challenges faced by smallholder farmers in accessing export markets, evaluates the phytosanitary and quality requirements by the niche markets, and explores the strategies that could be used to enhance compliance to the institutional and market requirements for fresh vegetables.
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Makarenko, Natalia, Valeria Bondor, and Volodymur Makarenko. "Environmental inspection agro tech – guarantee sustainable development agricultural systems." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2476.

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Shown the expediency of the environmental expertise technologies of growing crops in terms of impact on soil fertility, crop phytosanitary status, quality, chemicals migration, biological soil activity, crop productivity, which ensure avoidance of adverse impact on the environment and human health.
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18

Magarey, Roger D., Daniel M. Borchert, and Jay W. Schlegel. "Global plant hardiness zones for phytosanitary risk analysis." Scientia Agricola 65, spe (2008): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000700009.

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Plant hardiness zones are widely used for selection of perennial plants and for phytosanitary risk analysis. The most widely used definition of plant hardiness zones (United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum) is based on average annual extreme minimum temperature. There is a need for a global plant hardiness map to standardize the comparison of zones for phytosanitary risk analysis. Two data sets were used to create global hardiness zones: i) Climate Research Unit (CRU) 1973-2002 monthly data set; and ii) the Daily Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). The CRU monthly data set was downscaled to five-minute resolution and a cubic spline was used to convert the monthly values into daily values. The GHCN data were subjected to a number of quality control measures prior to analysis. Least squares regression relationships were developed using GHCN and derived lowest average daily minimum temperature data and average annual extreme minimum temperatures. Error estimate statistics were calculated from the numerical difference between the estimated value for the grid and the station. The mean absolute error for annual extreme minimum temperature was 1.9ºC (3.5ºF) and 2/3 of the stations were classified into the correct zone.
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Shimizu, G. D., J. C. B. Paula, L. T. M. Ribeiro, et al. "Control of spot on pomegranate fruit in field and phytosanitary quality during postharvest." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 15, no. 3 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v15i3a8218.

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Tsybulya, Natalia, Elvina Fedorenko, and Liliya Gribkova. "Ecological and Phytosanitary Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality in Preschool Institutions of Novosibirsk." BIO Web of Conferences 11 (2018): 00040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181100040.

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Special assortment of plants demonstrating high antimicrobial activity was tested in the play rooms of kindergartens in Novosibirsk. Preliminary laboratory experiments revealed universal activity of these plant species against test objects: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. Microbial pollution of air in the play rooms of 12 kindergartens in Novosibirsk was monitored taking into account the presence or absence of plants in the rooms. The dynamics of microbial pollution of the rooms was studied: the composition and number of colonyforming units per 1 m3 (CFU/m3), the fractions of opportunistic pathogenic microfrlora (staphylococcus, enterobacteria). The plants with the leaf area 1.5-3.0 m2 per 100 m3 of the room volume caused a significant effect of volatile exo-metabolites: a decrease in total microbial pollution, a decrease in the number of opportunistic staphylococci and enterobacteria by a factor of 1.5-3.5, and in some cases a decrease in the number of saprophitic bacteria of Sarcina genus. Results of the investigation may be recommended for wide application in order to optimize the indoor conditions of kindergartens.
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Dias, Vanessa S., Guy J. Hallman, Olga Y. Martínez-Barrera, et al. "Modified Atmosphere Does Not Reduce the Efficacy of Phytosanitary Irradiation Doses Recommended for Tephritid Fruit Flies." Insects 11, no. 6 (2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060371.

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Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) has been successfully used to disinfest fresh commodities and facilitate international agricultural trade. Critical aspects that may reduce PI efficacy must be considered to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of approved treatment schedules. One factor that can potentially reduce PI efficacy is irradiation under low oxygen conditions. This factor is particularly important because storage and packaging of horticultural commodities under low oxygen levels constitute practices widely used to preserve their quality and extend their shelf life. Hence, international organizations and regulatory agencies have considered the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of PI doses for insects infesting fresh commodities stored under low oxygen levels as a rationale for restricting PI application under modified atmosphere. Our research examines the extent to which low oxygen treatments can reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation for tephritids naturally infesting fruits. The effects of normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (~5% O2), and severe hypoxia (< 0.5% O2) on radiation sensitivity of third instars of Anastrepha fraterculus (sensu lato), A. ludens (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated and compared at several gamma radiation doses. Our findings suggest that, compared to normoxia, hypoxic and severe-hypoxic conditioning before and during irradiation can increase adult emergence and contribute to advancement of larval development of tephritid fruit flies only at low radiation doses that are not used as phytosanitary treatments. With phytosanitary irradiation doses approved internationally for several tephritids, low oxygen treatments applied before and during irradiation did not increase the emergence rates of any fruit fly species evaluated, and all treated insects died as coarctate larvae. Thus, the findings of our research support a re-evaluation of restrictions related to phytosanitary irradiation application under modified atmospheres targeting tephritid fruit flies.
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Carpes, Dauto Pivetta, Airton Dos Santos Alonço, Antônio Robson Moreira, et al. "DISTRIBUIÇÃO LONGITUDINAL DE SEMENTES DE SOJA COM DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE TRATAMENTO FITOSSANITÁRIO POR UM DOSADOR DE DISCO ALVEOLAR HORIZONTAL." Nativa 6, no. 5 (2018): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i5.5696.

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A expressão do potencial genético da cultura da soja, possui relação direta com a qualidade da operação de semeadura, bem como, a utilização de sementes de elevado vigor e qualidade sanitária. O tratamento fitossanitário de sementes, é uma alternativa utilizada com a finalidade de proteger as sementes e plântulas nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento da cultura contra a ação de patógenos causadores de danos. Deste modo, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes métodos e produtos utilizados para o tratamento fitossanitário de sementes de soja, observando o seu efeito no desempenho de um dosador de disco alveolar horizontal. Os fatores observados foram os diferentes métodos de tratamento fitossanitário de sementes em quatro níveis, tratamento em tambor rotativo, adição de polímeros em tratamento industrial, tratamento industrial com adição de grafite e sementes sem adição de produto (testemunha). O segundo fator, foram as diferentes densidades de semeadura em quatro níveis (12, 14, 16, 18 sem m-1). As variáveis analisadas foram os espaçamentos entre sementes, aceitáveis, múltiplos, falhos e precisão. Após a análise e interpretação dos dados concluiu-se que, tanto o lubrificante sólido grafite como também os polímeros de recobrimento, podem ser utilizados sem que ocorra redução da qualidade de distribuição longitudinal de sementes com tratamento fitossanitário.Palavras-chave: densidade de semeadura, dosador de precisão, polímeros adesivos. LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOYBEAN SEEDS WITH DIFFERENT METHODS OF PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENT BY A HORIZONTAL PERFORATED DISC METER ABSTRACT:The expression of the genetic potential of the soybean crop is directly related to the quality of the sowing operation, as well as the use of high vigor seeds and sanitary quality. Phytosanitary treatment of seeds is an alternative used to protect seeds and seedlings in the early stages of development of the crop against the action of pathogens causing damage. In this way, the objective was to evaluate different methods and products used for the phytosanitary treatment of soybean seeds, observing its effect on the performance of a horizontal disk metering. The factors observed were the different methods of phytosanitary treatment of seeds at four levels, rotary drum treatment, addition of polymers in industrial treatment, industrial treatment with addition of graphite and seeds without addition of product (control). The second factor was the different sowing densities at four levels (12, 14, 16, 18 without m-1). The analyzed variables were seed spacings, acceptable, multiple, fail and precision. After the analysis and interpretation of the data, it was concluded that both the graphite solid lubricant and the coating polymers can be used without reducing the quality of the longitudinal distribution of seeds with phytosanitary treatment.Keywords: seeding density, metering precision, adhesive polymers.
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Porsev, I. N., V. A. Zadvornev, V. V. Polovnikova, and N. A. Nemirova. "New potato varieties under intensive phytosanitary technology in the Trans-Urals." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2010-02.

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Cultivation of new varieties of potatoes is a guarantee of high yields and improvement of the phytosanitary situation. The selection of adaptive to adverse environmental factors and more productive potato varieties when growing them using phytosanitary intensive technology has been carried out. According to the purpose potato varieties are divided into table, technical, feed, and universal. Under the environments of the Kurgan region according to statistical data the potato crop in 2018 amounted to 93,6 thousand tons (111 % compared to the level of 2017) with an average yield of 22,0 t/ha. Potatoes are good feed for livestock. In terms of digestibility of organic matter (83–97 %), it as well as forage root crops, is in the fi rst place among plant feed. To feed animals are used the tubers raw or steamed form, as well as top in silage. Processed products, as well as mezga and barda are also excellent feed for livestock and other species of agricultural animals. It has been found during the comprehensive assessment of the quality of tubers that the studied potato varieties in the Central zone of the Kurgan region produce products of diff erent quality. The main prerequisites for realizing the genetic potential of the variety is its cultivation in agro ecological conditions that most fully meet the biological requirements, which allows us to identify not only the potential productivity of potato varieties, but also to determine the possibility of obtaining quality products. The best varieties for cultivation in the production conditions of JSC “Potato” in the Ketovsky district in the Kurgan region were identifi ed using intensive production technology. According to the results of the production test we can recommend Gala variety (commercial yield of 36,4 t/ha) and Bellarosa variety with commercial yield of 25,6 t/ha and one hundred percent marketability of tubers.
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Mariano Caproni, Csaignon, Renata Alves Lara Silva Rezende, Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues, and Moacir Pasqual. "Effect of applying Bacillus-based products on the production of strawberry cultivars." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 17, no. 2 (2021): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n2.a432.

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Oneof the factors that can compromise the strawberry culture is theuse of seedlings without phytosanitary quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of three biological products in the production of strawberry cultivars. For this, six cultivars ('Camino Real', 'Festival', 'Oso Grande', 'Albion', 'San Andreas'and 'Camarosa') were selected to receive the following treatments: T1) Onix (2.4 mL) + Qualit (0.6 mL) (Bacillus methylotrophicus+ Trichoderma asperellum); T2) Rhizos (2.4 mL) + Qualit (0.6 mL) (Bacillus subtilis+ Trichoderma asperellum) and T3) Control. After the production cycle, the total production (g kg-1), estimated average production (kg ha-1) and number of fruits in each plot were evaluated. 'Festival' and 'Oso Grande' were the most productive cultivars and their greatest yields were observed in the presence of Bacilluscompared to control. Plants grown in the presence of B. methylotrophicusand B. subtilisshowed a higher number of fruits. The use of these biological products is important for strawberry cultivation.
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FAGUNDES, LOVANE KLEIN, UBIRAJARA RUSSI NUNES, OSMAR DAMIAN PRESTES, TIÉLE STUKER FERNANDES, EDUARDO JOSÉ LUDWIG, and NATHÁLIA SAIBT. "RICE SEED TREATMENT AND RECOATING WITH POLYMERS: PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND RETENTION OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 4 (2017): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n412rc.

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ABSTRACT The use of chemical seed treatment is an important tool in the protection of seedlings and has contributed to the increase of rice yield (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality and quantify the retention of chemical products in rice seeds treated with insecticide and fungicide coated with polymers. Six seed treatments were used: control, phytosanitary treatment and phytosanitary treatment and coating with the polymers, Florite 1127®, GV5® Solid Resin, Polyseed CF® and VermDynaseed®. The physiological quality was evaluated by the test of germination and vigor by first count tests, germination speed index, shoot length, radicle length, seedling dry mass and sand emergence. To determine the retention of the active ingredients metalaxyl-M and thiamethoxam, an equipment called extractor was used. The experiment was organized in a completely randomized design (DIC) and the averages were separated by the Scott Knott test (p≤0.05). Seed treatment with the fungicide and insecticide, coated with the polymers, Florite 1127®, Solid Resin GV5®, Polyseed CF® and VermDynaseed®, did not affect the physiological quality of rice seeds. Solid Resin GV5®, Polyseed CF® and VermDynaseed® polymers were efficient at retaining thiamethoxam in the rice seeds, preventing some of the active ingredients of the insecticide from being leached through the sand columns immediately after the simulated pluvial precipitation.
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26

Giovanardi, D., E. Biondi, M. Ignjatov, R. Jevtić, and E. Stefani. "Impact of bacterial spot outbreaks on the phytosanitary quality of tomato and pepper seeds." Plant Pathology 67, no. 5 (2018): 1168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12839.

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27

Malik, A. U., M. Umar, R. Hameed, et al. "PHYTOSANITARY IRRADIATION TREATMENTS IN RELATION TO DESAPPING AND PROCESSING TYPES AFFECT MANGO FRUIT QUALITY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1012 (November 2013): 681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.1012.91.

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Nambeesan, Savithri, John Doyle, Helaina Capps, Chip Starns, and Harald Scherm. "Effect of Electronic Cold-PasteurizationTM (ECPTM) on Fruit Quality and Postharvest Diseases during Blueberry Storage." Horticulturae 4, no. 3 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4030025.

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With the growing popularity of blueberries and the associated increase in blueberry imports and exports worldwide, delivering fruit with high quality, longer shelf-life, and meeting phytosanitary requirements has become increasingly important. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of electron beam irradiation using a new Electronic Cold-PasteurizationTM (ECPTM) technology on fruit quality, microbial safety, and postharvest disease development in two southern highbush blueberry cultivars, ‘Farthing’ and ‘Rebel’. Fruit packed in clamshells were subjected to four levels of ECPTM irradiation (0, 0.15, 0.5, and 1.0 kGy) and evaluated for fruit quality attributes, surface microbial load, and postharvest disease incidence during various storage times after treatment and cold storage. Overall, there was no effect of irradiation on visual fruit quality in either cultivar. Fruit firmness and skin toughness in ‘Farthing’ was reduced following irradiation at 1.0 kGy, but no such effect was observed in ‘Rebel’. Other fruit quality characteristics such as fruit weight, total soluble solids content, or titratable acidity were not affected. Irradiation at 1.0 kGy significantly reduced total aerobic bacteria and yeast on the fruit surface, and in the case of ‘Rebel’, also levels of total coliform bacteria. There was no significant effect of irradiation on postharvest disease incidence in these trials. Overall, data from this study suggests that an irradiation dose lower than 1.0 kGy using ECPTM can be useful for phytosanitary treatment in blueberry fruit while avoiding undesirable effects on fruit quality in a cultivar-dependent manner.
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Battiston, E., S. Di Marco, E. Angelini, and L. Mugnai. "The emergent diseases in grapevine nursery: Critical point analysis for developing a protected and sustainable propagation process." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501026.

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The diffusion of emergent pathogens in grapevine nursery is increasingly compromising the sanitary quality of the propagation material. The complexity of the problem lies on the plurality of plant diseases involved and on the high environmental and economic impact of the conventional methods applied to comply the phytosanitary standards. By a critical point analysis, the study suggests the development of nursery strategies focused on the sanitary quality of the production and on its long-term environmental sustainability.
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Davis, Erica E., and Robert C. Venette. "Methyl Bromide Provides Phytosanitary Security: A Review and Case Study for Senegalese Asparagus." Plant Health Progress 5, no. 1 (2004): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2004-1122-01-rv.

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The authors describe how the USDA-APHIS currently uses methyl bromide for imported asparagus, and explore whether methyl bromide treatment schedules might be adequate to control pests of asparagus from Senegal without adversely affecting the quality of the produce. Accepted for publication 21 October 2004. Published 22 November 2004.
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Melo, Oscar, Alejandra Engler, Laura Nahuehual, Gabriela Cofre, and José Barrena. "Do Sanitary, Phytosanitary, and Quality-related Standards Affect International Trade? Evidence from Chilean Fruit Exports." World Development 54 (February 2014): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.005.

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32

Engler, Alejandra, Laura Nahuelhual, Gabriela Cofré, and Jose Barrena. "How far from harmonization are sanitary, phytosanitary and quality-related standards? An exporter’s perception approach." Food Policy 37, no. 2 (2012): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.12.003.

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33

Ornelas-Paz, José de Jesús, María Belén Meza, David Obenland, et al. "Effect of phytosanitary irradiation on the postharvest quality of Seedless Kishu mandarins (Citrus kinokuni mukakukishu)." Food Chemistry 230 (September 2017): 712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.125.

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34

Beznosko, I., A. Parfenyuk, T. Gorgan, L. Gavrilyuk, and Y. Turovnik. "Ecological signifcance of winter wheat varieties in phytosanitary optimization of agroecosystems." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-180-187.

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Mycobiota of Podolyanka and Poliska 90 winter wheat varieties seeds was found to be represented mainly by fungi of the Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Trichothecium genera which are characterized by various levels of pathogenicity, depending on the physiological and biochemical properties the host variety. Signifcant increase is air temperature and relative humidity during the wheat flowering and milking stage of grain ripening contributed to the spread of micromycetes of the genus Alternaria Nees. (50 %). The seeds the affected by fungi Alternaria were physiologically underdeveloped, had low energy and germination, which averaged 40 %. Plants form such seeds lag behind in growth and development. It is established that the physiological and biochemical mechanism of Podolyanka winter wheat variety stimulates mycelium radial growth and intensity of fungi Alternaria sporulation indicating the rapid reproduction of micromycetes, which contributes to the contamination of agrophytocenoses by propagative structures of the pathogen. However, the intensity of spore formation and the rate of mycelium radial growth on Poliska 90 variety seeds, was signifcantly lower. This fact gives reason to believe that the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the Poliska 90 variety plants is able to restrain the intensity of the genus Alternaria micromycetes spore formation at an ecologically safe level. It was found that the seeds of the Podolyanka and Poliska 90 winter wheat varieties are low in protein content and have high humidity. In terms of raw gluten content, they are classifed in the quality group 3. Isolates of fungi the genus Alternaria developed more intensively on the Podolyanka winter wheat variety grain, which is characterized by a lower content of protein and gluten. However the development of fungi was signifcantly lower on the Poliska 90 variety grain, which is characterized by a slightly higher content of protein and gluten. System-ecological approach to the improvement of agroecosystems in organic farming can be carried out using indicators of the variety physiological and biochemical properties interaction with physiological properties of phytopathogenic fungi, namely sporulation intensity and mycelial radial growth rate. This can increase the level of biosafety in agroecosystems and improve the quality of plant raw materials. Key words: the frequency of occurrence, mycelium radial growth, sporulation intensity, phytosanitary optimization, wheat winter agrphytocenoses.
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35

Hammad, A., A. Gabarty, and R. A. Zinhoum. "Assessment irradiation effects on different development stages of Callosobruchus maculatus and on chemical, physical and microbiological quality of cowpea seeds." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 4 (2020): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000865.

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AbstractIrradiation is a physical, environmentally friendly treatment which does not leave any residues in the product. It is increasingly used as an alternative to methyl bromide and other chemical fumigants for disinfestation of insect pest in stored grains. In this research, we try to evaluate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses in the range of 50–1200 Gy on the different stages of Callosobruchus maculatus. It was found that no adults emerged after irradiation of eggs at 450 Gy. No emerging adults (F1 generation) have been shown when larvae or pupae were exposed to 650 Gy. Also, no emerging adult has been shown from the parental C. maculatus adults irradiated with 650 Gy. When suppression of F1 generation was used for the measuring effective irradiation dose and phytosanitary efficacy, 650 Gy was required for disinfestation of cowpea seed weevils. The irradiation dose level of 650 Gy was used for the large-scale confirmatory tests applied to 27,754 adults of C. maculatus in cowpea seeds resulting in non F1 adults' production with a confidence level of 93.77%. All the physical and chemical characteristics of cowpea seeds were non-significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the irradiation dose of 650 Gy. Meanwhile, this irradiation dose very slightly reduced the microbial load of cowpea seeds. We recommend the generic dose 650 Gy as the phytosanitary irradiation dose for the cowpea seed weevil.
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36

Jain, A., J. J. Ornelas-Paz, D. Obenland, K. Rodriguez (Friscia), and A. Prakash. "Effect of phytosanitary irradiation on the quality of two varieties of pummelos (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.)." Scientia Horticulturae 217 (March 2017): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.01.029.

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37

Jamieson, L. E., N. E. M. Page-Weir, M. J. Griffin, S. P. Redpath, and A. Chhagan. "Prevalence of tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc) on red capsicum fruit in choice and nochoice tests." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5894.

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Tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli) was first recorded in New Zealand in 2006 Exports to Australia must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) to comply with New Zealands phytosanitary export certification requirements Fumigation reduces the quality of the capsicums In tests using high densities of TPP adults TPP laid eggs mainly on the top of the calyx and the stem and some on the body of the fruit although far fewer eggs than were laid on tomato or capsicum leaves Given the choice between capsicum fruit body stem and calyx or capsicum leaves 992995 of eggs were laid on leaves Nymphs that hatched from the few eggs laid on the calyx and stem did not survive indicating that capsicum fruit are a poor host for TPP No eggs were laid beneath the capsicum calyx Some exported capsicums are washed using high pressure washing equipment which might dislodge TPP eggs The very low incidence and survival of TPP on capsicum fruit could result in this fruit already meeting or exceeding the phytosanitary requirements of the importing country
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38

Calore, Ricardo A., Marcelo da C. Ferreira, Nara E. L. Rodrigues, and Alessandra K. Otuka. "Distribution pattern, surface tension and contact angle of herbicides associated to adjuvants on spraying and control of Ipomoea hederifolia under rainfall incidence." Engenharia Agrícola 35, no. 4 (2015): 756–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n4p756-768/2015.

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ABSTRACT Scarlet Morning Glory is considered to be an infesting weed that affects several crops and causes serious damage. The application of chemical herbicides, which is the primary control method, requires a broad knowledge of the various characteristics of the solution and application technology for a more efficient phytosanitary treatment. Therefore this study aimed to characterize the effect of rainfall incidence on the control of Ipomoea hederifolia, considering droplet size, surface tension, contact angle of droplets formed by herbicides liquid on vegetal and artificial surfaces, associated to adjuvants and the volumetric distribution profile of the spray jet. The addition of the adjuvants to the herbicide spraying liquid improved the application quality, as it influenced the angle formed by the spray by broadening the deposition band of the spray nozzle and thus the possible distance between the nozzles on spray boom and due the changes at droplet size, which contribute to a safety application. The rainfall occurrence affected negatively the weed control with the different spraying liquids and also the dry matter weight, suggesting that the phytosanitary product applied was washed off.
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39

McDonald, Heather, Mary Lu Arpaia, Fred Caporaso, et al. "Effect of gamma irradiation treatment at phytosanitary dose levels on the quality of ‘Lane Late’ navel oranges." Postharvest Biology and Technology 86 (December 2013): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.018.

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40

Monllor, Paula, Gema Romero, Raquel Muelas, Carlos A. Sandoval-Castro, Esther Sendra, and José Ramón Díaz. "Ensiling Process in Commercial Bales of Horticultural By-Products from Artichoke and Broccoli." Animals 10, no. 5 (2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050831.

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Wastes from artichoke and broccoli crops and cannery industries represent an environmental problem. A viable option to this problem is ensiling them for use as ruminants feed. The aim of this study was to characterise the ensiling process of broccoli and artichoke by-products and assess their suitability to be part of the ruminant diet, as well their minimum shelf life. Twenty-one commercial round bale silos (300 kg and 0.64 m3) of each by-product were made. Samples were analysed at days 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 200 to determine microbial populations, fermentation metabolites, nutritional components, and phytosanitary residues. Feedstuffs showed good suitability for ensiling, and stabilisation was achieved on day 30. The variables with the greatest significant differences among sampling times were microbial populations and fermentative components. There were no important dry matter losses, and some significant differences were observed in the nutritional composition, especially in crude protein and fibrous fractions, but they were not relevant for the loss of nutritional quality of silages. The phytosanitary residues determined on day 200 were below the maximum residue limits set by European legislation. So, ensiling these by-products in commercial round bale silos is a suitable and profitable technique that allows their preservation for a long time (200 days).
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41

Serapian, Tamar, and Anuradha Prakash. "Comparative evaluation of the effect of methyl bromide fumigation and phytosanitary irradiation on the quality of fresh strawberries." Scientia Horticulturae 201 (March 2016): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.12.058.

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42

Do Carmo, Romualdo Frederico, Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima, Samuel Alves Da Silva, and Eduardo Abilhoa Mattar. "DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE Khaya ivorensis EM PLANTIO IRRIGADO." Nativa 6, no. 2 (2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i2.5007.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, a qualidade do fuste e o estado fitossanitário da espécie Khaya ivorensis em um plantio irrigado no município de Janaúba, estado de Minas Gerais. O plantio possui espaçamento 5 m x 5 m, em sistema de irrigação por micro aspersão. Foram distribuídas aleatoriamente cinco parcelas permanentes de 600 m² e mensurados DAP e altura total de todas as árvores das parcelas aos 24 e 36 meses de idade. Foi determinada a qualidade do fuste e verificado o estado fitossanitário aos 36 meses. O IMA para o volume foi de 2,33 m³/ha aos 24 meses e de 3,37 m³/ha aos 36 meses, sendo o ICA entre os dois anos de 5,46 m³/ha. Em média, 85,59% dos indivíduos apresentaram fustes retos e sem galhos laterais, 3,39% apresentaram fustes retos com galhos laterais e 11,02% apresentaram fustes com alguma tortuosidade, em maior ou menor grau. Quanto à análise fitossanitária, 76,27% dos indivíduos se apresentaram totalmente saudáveis; 22,03% ataque por fungos; e 1,69% ataque por pragas. Os ataques por fungo e pragas não causaram prejuízos à produtividade e foram classificados como de intensidade nula, podendo-se concluir que o plantio apresentou características quantitativas e qualitativas adequadas.Palavra-chave: mogno-africano, madeira-nobre, volume, fitossanidade, qualidade do fuste. ANALYSIS OF THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF KHAYA IVORENSIS IN IRRIGATED PLANTING ABSTRACT:The present study had as objective to evaluate the growth, the quality of the phytosanitary status of the species Khaya ivorensis in an irrigated plan in the city of Janaúba, Minas Gerais state. The planting has 5m x 5m spacing, in a micro drip irrigation system. Five permanent plots of 600 m² were randomly distributed and DBH and total height of all trees were plotted at 24 and 36 months of age. The quality of the stem was determined and the phytosanitary status verified at 36 months. The AAI for the volume was 2.33 m³ / ha at 24 months and 3.37 m³ / ha at 36 months, with an CAI between the two years of 5.46 m³ / ha. On average, 85.59% of the individuals had straight and lateral branches, 3.39% had straight branches with lateral branches and 11.02% presented stems with some tortuosity, to a greater or lesser degree. Regarding the phytosanitary analysis, 76.27% of the individuals presented totally healthy; 22.03% fungal attack; And 1.69% pest attack. Fungus and pest attacks did not cause any damage to productivity and were classified as of zero intensity, and it can be concluded that the planting presented adequate quantitative and qualitative characteristics.Keywords: mahogany-african, wood-noble, volume, plant health, quality of the stem. DOI:
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Campayo, Ana, Kortes Serrano de la Hoz, M. Mercedes García-Martínez, M. Rosario Salinas, and Gonzalo L. Alonso. "Spraying Ozonated Water on Bobal Grapevines: Effect on Wine Quality." Biomolecules 10, no. 2 (2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020213.

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Ozonated water is being introduced as an alternative phytosanitary treatment to control grapevine diseases in a context in which the reduction of chemical pesticides has become an urgent necessity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of spraying grapevines with ozonated water on the enological, phenolic, and aromatic qualities of Bobal wines during two consecutive growing seasons. In the first season, ozonated water was applied once during the ripening period on grapevines trained on the traditional gobelet system (S1). In the second season, three applications were performed between fruit set and harvest on grapevines grown on a vertical trellis system (S2). The S1 treatment led to a wine with an increased alcoholic degree and a remarkably higher phenolic content, which resulted in preferable chromatic characteristics. The S2 treatment maintained the total phenolic content but significantly enhanced stilbenes and flavanols and also reduced anthocyanins, which negatively affected the wine colour. Regarding aroma, both treatments reduced the content of glycosylated precursors and had different effects on free volatiles, both varietal and fermentative. Thus, the metabolic response of grapevines to the ozonated water stress, and therefore the quality of wines, depended on the ozone dose received by the plants.
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44

Hanagasaki, Takashi. "Studies with Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 Vitória in Okinawa, Japan: Vegetative propagation and a tractor tyre stress test." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 9, no. 2 (2021): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(9)243-248.

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Feeding of high quality grass is critical to ensure breeding cows remain healthy with high reproductive rates and growing and fattening cattle achieve good growth rates. The Brazilian grass cultivar, Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 Vitória, is highly nutritious and is known for its drought tolerance. In view of its low seed production potential in subtropical Japan and of phytosanitary problems (contamination with soil particles) of imported seed, a study was conducted in Okinawa to assess 2 methods of propagating this cultivar vegetatively. Cutting stems (culms) at about 10 cm from ground level and inserting them 3 cm into a 50:50 compost:soil mixture produced a 77% success rate in terms of rooted plantlets in a glasshouse compared with 67% for cutting the culm at 3 nodes from the base, subsequently allowing 2 weeks for adventitious roots to form on the lowest node, then cutting below the node where roots emerged and planting the rooted propagule in the same mixture. It seems that the simple process of cutting stems at about 10 cm from ground level and inserting them into a suitable mixture of soil and compost should result in an acceptable yield of plantlets for establishment of an MG5 forage crop. However, locating a source of high-quality seed free of phytosanitary problems seed would seem to be a better solution to increase the areas in Okinawa planted to MG5.In the tractor tyre stress trial conducted over 2 years, an MG5 forage crop established from seed showed depressed yields on the treatment subjected to tractor tyre pressure but performed as well as Chloris gayana, a much-used forage grass in Okinawa.
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Nameth, S. T. "Priorities in seed pathology research." Scientia Agricola 55, spe (1998): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90161998000500017.

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Seed pathology as a subdisipline of plant pathology is relatively new. Paul Neergard is considered the father of seed pathology. Recent developments in the area of seed pathology technology allow for more ecofriendly seed treatments and more reliable seed health testing. Due to economics and new interest in environmental issues, research into the viability of biological seed treatments is becoming more common. The use of sophisticated DNA amplification technologies allows for the detection of seedborne pathogens that might go undetected using more conventional means. These types of research will be fundamental in guaranteeing seed health quality standards and achieving phytosanitary requirements throughout the world in the new millennium.
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46

Runno-Paurson, Eve, Asko O. Hannukkala, Katrin Kotkas, Mati Koppel, Ingrid H. Williams, and Marika Mänd. "Impact of Phytosanitary Quality of Seed Potato and Temporal Epidemic Progress on the Phenotypic Diversity of Phytophthora infestans Populations." American Journal of Potato Research 90, no. 3 (2013): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9299-y.

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47

Zeynalov, A. S. "Methodological foundations of plant protection from dangerous pests in nurseries of fruit and berry crops." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 60, no. 1 (2020): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2020-60-169-176.

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In the production of planting material, it is important to choose a healthy, highly productive source material, with typical varietal characteristics, and, if necessary, their disinfection), as well as reliable protection against dangerous pests at further stages of cultivation. This requires a scientifically based methodological approach and phytosanitary measures in several areas. First of all, it is required to study and classify in detail hazardous pests and pathogens, select methods for accounting and identifying in accordance with their degree of danger and the quality category of planting material. Apply comprehensive measures to prevent the entry of pests in the territory of growing planting material and timely eliminate the centers of potential threat.
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48

Maddox, Darrell A. "Implications of new technologies for seed health testing and the worldwide movement of seed." Seed Science Research 8, no. 2 (1998): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500004177.

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AbstractNew techniques for the accurate and feasible detection of many seedborne pathogens have been developed over the last 25 years. These include conducive environmental incubation and identification (many seedborne fungi), liquid plating assay (seedborne bacteria), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (seedborne viruses) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Regardless of the detection methodology, the specificity, sensitivity, reliability, efficiency of the assay and an understanding of pathogen tolerance in a seedlot need to be considered before a technique is an acceptable clinical seed health test. Acceptable seed health tests are tools for disease risk-management and routinely used in seed quality assessment. Seed health issues are increasingly important in international seed trade. With the advent of free trade, many countries are redefining their phytosanitary requirements with the goal of preventing introduction of a devastating pathogen into their country. However, many phytosanitary regulations are implemented without fully understanding the economic threat of a pathogen or a complete scientific analysis of a pathogen's presence in that country. This has led to confusing regulations, unnecessary tests or inspection requirements and unjustified trade barriers. To provide a means to answer scientifically the problems encountered in the worldwide movement of seed, an international movement has emerged to standardize seed health tests and inspection practices for international seed trade. The impact of standardization on the free trade of seed and the goals of the International Seed Health Initiative (ISHI) will be discussed.
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49

Sea, Sokrith, Cyril Rakovski, and Anuradha Prakash. "Ripening Quality of ‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.) Subjected to Phytosanitary X-ray Irradiation Treatment Followed by Simulated Retail Display." HortScience 50, no. 2 (2015): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.279.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of phytosanitary X-ray irradiation on the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of early- and late-harvest ‘Bartlett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) during ripening under simulated commercial conditions. Irradiation delayed ripening, which in turn affected respiration rate, ethylene production, and firmness. Irradiation decreased ethylene production in early- and late-harvest pears and maintained firmness as compared with the control pears. In the early-harvest pears, irradiation did not affect respiration rate, weight loss, or total soluble solids. However, in the late-harvest pears, irradiation resulted in an increase in respiration rate and weight loss and a decrease in total soluble solids. The appearance for irradiated early-harvest pears was rated lower by consumers, but there were no significant differences in the rest of the attributes. Consumers rated the irradiated late-harvest pears lower (P < 0.05) than the non-treated pears for overall liking, texture, and flavor on a 9-point hedonic scale. Consumers perceived the late-harvest irradiated pears to be less sweet than the control (P < 0.05), which correlated with total soluble solids of 12.4% for treated pears vs. 13.2% for the control. Our results show that there were significant differences between the early- and late-harvest pears in their responses to irradiation. Although some sensory attributes were negatively affected, the delay in ripening helped reduce bruising and mold development in irradiated pears during the retail display simulation.
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Thang, Karen, Kimberlee Au, Cyril Rakovski, and Anuradha Prakash. "Effect of phytosanitary irradiation and methyl bromide fumigation on the physical, sensory, and microbiological quality of blueberries and sweet cherries." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96, no. 13 (2016): 4382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7648.

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