Academic literature on the topic 'Qualité subjective et objective'
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Journal articles on the topic "Qualité subjective et objective"
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Corten, Philippe. "Qualité subjective de la vie et réadaptation : émergence et évolution conceptuelle." Santé mentale au Québec 18, no. 2 (2007): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032270ar.
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RÉSUMÉ La qualité subjective de la vie émerge ces dernières années comme un concept central dans les prises en charge thérapeutiques. Cependant la préoccupation de la réintégration des malades mentaux apparaît dès le début de la psychiatrie (1798). Différentes stratégies réadaptatives anglo-saxonnes, germaniques et latines ont été développées, en particulier depuis les années 1950. Une approche au départ objective, le concept de qualité de la vie évolue vers une approche contemporaine essentiellement subjective. L'auteur propose un modèle compréhensif des variables sous-tendant ce concept dans le cadre de la pratique clinique.
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Thielmann, Beatrice, Robin Sebastian Schierholz, and Irina Böckelmann. "Subjective and Objective Consequences of Stress in Subjects with Subjectively Different Sleep Quality—A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 9990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199990.
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Background: Restful sleep plays an important role in long-term health and occupational safety. Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as stress indicator. The aim of this study was to determine whether HRV at rest or during sleep, as an objective indicator of stress, reflects subjectively assessed sleep quality. Methods: 84 subjects (37.3 ± 15.6 years) were classified into good sleepers and poor sleepers based on the results of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The cut-off value to distinguish between good and bad sleepers recommended by Buysse et al. 1989 is >5. Mental health status was determined using the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A 24 h electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for HRV analysis (total and 6 h night phase). Results: The poor sleepers showed a significantly lower mental health status (p = 0.004). The multifactorial variance analysis of the total phase time parameters Min HR (p = 0.032, η2 = 0.056) and SI (p = 0.015, η2 = 0.072) showed significant interaction effects. In the 6h night phase, significant interaction effects were found for SDNN (p = 0.036, η2 = 0.065) and SD2 (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.067). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between HRV and stress and a positive correlation between HRV and mental health. Conclusions: Although this study did not demonstrate a direct relationship between sleep quality and HRV, it was shown that there are important connections between sleep quality and mental health, and between HRV and mental health.
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Voyer, Philippe, and Richard Boyer. "Le bien-être psychologique et ses concepts cousins, une analyse conceptuelle comparative." Santé mentale au Québec 26, no. 1 (2007): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014521ar.
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Résumé Le bien-être psychologique est depuis une décennie un concept beaucoup plus important dans le domaine de la santé. Depuis que les chercheurs accordent presque autant d'attention à la « qualité de vie » qu'à la « quantité de vie », ce concept est devenu populaire. L'attrait marqué a entraîné le développement de plusieurs échelles de mesure. Toutefois, moins de temps a été consacré au développement conceptuel du construit entraînant ainsi une confusion entre plusieurs termes qui semblent, a priori, similaires : le bien-être psychologique, le bien-être subjectif, la qualité de vie, le moral, la satisfaction dans la vie, le bonheur et la santé mentale. Ainsi, le but de cette revue (n : 57 articles) a été d'effectuer une analyse conceptuelle de type comparatif (Morse et al., 1996) du bien-être psychologique avec les concepts compétiteurs, selon une approche contemporaine d'analyse. Les résultats démontrent que ces concepts sont distincts et ne devraient pas être utilisés de façon interchangeable. Ils sont distincts à divers niveaux : type de mesure (objective/subjective), type d'évaluation (cognitive/affective), les attributs, les antécédents, les conséquents, et l'influence du temps (transitoire/stable). Les résultats de cette revue apportent un éclaircissement au niveau conceptuel pour plusieurs termes et, à l'aide d'une figure, les placent sur un échiquier favorisant par le fait même, une meilleure utilisation de ces derniers en recherche.
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LECLERCQ, M., S. ROCHE, M. FAUVERNIER, L. LETRILLIART, A. MARTIN, and J. MACABREY. "MON ALIMENTATION, ET ALORS ? CORRELATION ENTRE AUTO-EVALUATION DE L'ALIMENTATION ET SCORE D'ADHERENCE AU REGIME MEDITERRANEEN." EXERCER 33, no. 185 (2022): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2022.185.299.
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Introduction. De nombreuses études évaluent le lien entre les comportements alimentaires et la santé, mais peu s’intéressent à l’auto-évaluation de l’alimentation. Elle est un des premiers facteurs modifiables en prévention des maladies chroniques. Néanmoins, la qualité de l’alimentation doit être connue pour être modifiée. Objectifs. Évaluer la corrélation entre l’auto-évaluation de l’alimentation et l’évaluation objective par le Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MeDAS) ; évaluer les facteurs qui influencent sur cette auto-évaluation. Méthodes. Étude transversale et observationnelle. Un questionnaire informatisé et sécurisé a été proposé aux volontaires de deux maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles. Les données sociodémographiques et anthropométriques, l’avis subjectif sur la qualité de l’alimentation et le MeDAS ont été renseignés. 250 volontaires ont été inclus et 237 questionnaires exploitables. Le seuil de 0,7 a été choisi pour estimer qu’une corrélation statistique inférieure ne permettait pas de conclure que le score subjectif reflétait le MeDAS. Résultats. L’analyse retrouvait un coefficient de corrélation à 0,38 (IC95 = 0,25-0,49). Les participants avec des facteurs protecteurs des maladies cardiométaboliques avaient un meilleur équilibre perçu. Ceux qui présentaient des facteurs de risque avaient un moins bon équilibre perçu que les participants ne présentant pas ces facteurs : activité physique modérée (OR = 3,03), intense (OR = 2,35), couple (OR = 2,15), obésité (OR = 0,23), > 5 cigarettes/j (OR = 0,44), grignotage (OR = 0,28). Conclusion. La corrélation entre l’auto-évaluation et le MeDAS étant faible, l’évaluation subjective ne pouvait pas se substituer au MeDAS. Les participants n’auto-évaluaient pas parfaitement leur alimentation, mais il existait une certaine corrélation. L’enjeu serait donc d’identifier les freins au changement d’alimentation des personnes le nécessitant qui, pourtant, ont conscience de leur mauvaise alimentation.
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Farahani, Mansoureh Ashghali, Samira Soleimanpour, Samantha J. Mayo, Jamie S. Myers, Prabdeep Panesar, and Farzaneh Ameri. "Revue systématique : Effet des exercices corps-esprit sur la fonction cognitive des survivants du cancer." Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal 32, no. 1 (2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5737/236880763214960.
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Objectif : Plusieurs survivants du cancer souffrant de troubles cognitifs liés à la maladie se tournent vers des approches non pharmacologiques pour soulager leurs symptômes. La présente revue systématique avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet des « exercices corps-esprit » sur les fonctions cognitives des survivants du cancer. Devis de l’étude : Les bases de données PubMed, Embase, Scopus et Web of Science ont été interrogées afin de trouver des études pertinentes sur le sujet. L’échelle du Joanna Briggs Institute et l’échelle de Jadad ont servi à évaluer la qualité des études sélectionnées. Résultats : Onze études comptant 1 032 participants et publiées entre 2006 et 2019 ont été choisies pour la revue à partir de certains critères d’inclusion. Nos résultats indiquent que les activités comme le yoga, le tai-chi et le qi gong peuvent améliorer de manière objective et subjective la fonction cognitive des survivants du cancer. Conclusion : Les survivants du cancer qui présentent des symptômes cognitifs peuvent bénéficier d’exercices agissant sur le corps et l’esprit. Il faudra cependant mener des essais contrôlés randomisés ayant la puissance statistique nécessaire pour établir les effets à court et à long terme de ce type d’exercices sur les facultés cognitives.
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Mercier, Céline, Raymond Tempier, and Et Claude Renaud. "Services communautaires et qualité de la vie: une étude d'impact en région éloignée*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 8 (1992): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700806.
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This longitudinal study with a matched comparison group was conducted in Abitibi, an area in North-West Quebec. Its goal was to observe the impact of community support services on the quality of life of long term psychiatric patients living in a remote area. A cohort of 47 subjects, living in a small town with a comprehensive network of community support services, was compared with a similar group living in a neighbouring city with only outpatient services. The satisfaction with life domains scale developed by Andrews and Withey and adapted by Baker and Intagliata was used at four times during the study. According to the results, the subjective perception of the quality of life in the two groups is comparable, even though the objective conditions are less favorable for the group participating in the community support program. The highest ratings were given to the place of residence, the neighborhood and its commodities; the lowest ratings were given to their love life and financial situation. One can observe a stability of the measures of quality of life over time and for the two groups. The perceptions of the sample living in a remote area are much more favorable than the ones of a comparable group living in the Montreal area. These results are discussed in a double perspective: the role of community support services in the daily life of people who are having severe and persistant problems of mental health, and the interest of measures of quality of life.
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Bochaver, K. A., L. M. Dovzhik, D. V. Bondarev, and S. I. Reznichenko. "Subjective Well-Being in Sports Coaches." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 15, no. 4 (2022): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2022150412.
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<p>The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure of the psychological determinants of subjective well-being and identify the most significant set of determinants that form the resources of the psychological well-being in sports coaches. This parameter is important due to objective conditions, which significantly increases stress and reduces the quality of life of subjects of professional sport. The participants were 200 professional sports coaches (89 women, 111 men), M<sub>age</sub>=39 years, M<sub>exprience</sub>=12 years. The psychological determinants were measured with the Brief Differential Perfectionism Inventory (Zolotareva et al, 2021), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer &amp; Jerusalem 1995), the Moscow Authenticity Scale (Nartova-Bochaver et al, 2021), the Self-Control Scale (Tangney et al. 2004), the Coach&mdash;Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (Jowett &amp; Ntoumanis, 2004).Psychological well-being was measured with two inventories: the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (Tennant et al., 2007) and the PERMA-Profiler (Butler and Kern, 2015).The structure of psychological determinants was reduced to four factors by factor analysis and then the determinants from each factor were regressed on the well-being measures utilizing stepwise multiple regression modeling producing the most significant set of the well-being determinants. The results showed that the resources of psychological well-being in sports coaches can be determined by four groups of predictors. The first group: meaning and positive emotions; the second group: authenticity dedication, and experience; the third group: achievements, negative emotions, involvement, and age; and the fourth one: meaning, self-efficacy, and age.</p>
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Reohr, P., M. Dorenkamp, P. Vik, and M. Irrgang. "C-29 Sleep and Cognition Among Older Adults: Objective Performance versus Subjective Complaint." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (2019): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.191.
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Abstract Objective Although poor sleep has been hypothesized to contribute to cognitive difficulties, a review by Scullin & Bliwise (2015) suggested that poor sleep has little impact on older adults’ cognition. Nevertheless, older adults express subjective concerns about both their sleep and cognition. The purpose of this study was to test associations between self-reported sleep, cognitive performance, and subjective cognitive concerns. Method Twenty-three women and 18 men, aged 55 to 83 (M = 68), completed a 3-hour test battery that included global, memory, executive, and verbal measures. Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Subjective cognitive complaints were measured using the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), which provided a total and three subscale scores (Apathy, Disinhibition, Executive Dysfunction). Results PSQI scores were consistent with means of older non-diagnosed older adults (Bush et al., 2012; M = 6.34, SD = 3.70). Cognitive test scores did not correlate with PSQI scores or FrSBe scores; however, Total PSQI correlated with Total FrSBe (r = .397; CI = .099 to .741) and two of the three FrSBe subscales: Apathy (r = .472; CI = .190 to .683) and Executive Dysfunction (r = .395; CI = .097 to .629), but not Disinhibition (r = .231; CI = -.086 to .505). Conclusions As previously found, cognitive test scores were unrelated to sleep measures; however, associations were found between poor sleep and subjective cognitive concerns, particularly avolition and executive dysfunction. Findings may indicate distress characteristic among older adults that involves sleep disturbance and cognitive worry.
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Saletu, B., P. Anderer, G. Gruber, S. Parapatics, G. Dorffner, and G. M. Saletu-Zyhlarz. "Objective versus subjective sleep in patients with insomnia related to generalized anxiety disorder and apnea as compared with normals." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73877-9.
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IntroductionEarlier studies reported that subjective sleep quality correlates with objective polysomnographically measured sleep initiation and continuity, but less with sleep architecture.AimsThis study aimed to investigate relations between subjective and objective sleep in normals (N), insomnia comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder (G) and apnea (A).MethodsOne hundred and seventy-seven normals (50.9±19.6a), 100 insomniac G patients (37.9±10.6a) and 51 A patients (51.3±9.7a) completed the self-rating scale for sleep and awakening quality (Saletu et al. 1997) regarding two polysomnographic nights analyzed by the Somnolyzer (Anderer et al. 2005). Correlations were calculated based on changes between the first (adaptation) and second polysomnographic night to diminish inter-individual variances of sleep perception.ResultsIn N, subjective sleep quality (S-QUA) demonstrated correlations (p < 0.01) with sleep efficiency (EFF), wake after sleep onset (WASO), S2, S1%, REM, S1, frequency of awakenings (FW), latency to continuous sleep (L-CONT), sleep latency (S-LAT) and slow-wave sleep, while awakening quality (A-QUA) showed weak (p < 0.05) correlations with EFF and WASO. Somatic complaints (S-COM) correlated (p < 0.05) with WASO and REM. In G, correlations (p < 0.01) were obtained between S-QUA and EFF, WASO, S2, L-CONT and S-LAT (p < 0.05), while A-QUA correlated with S2, WASO and EFF. In A, S-QUA correlated (p < 0.01) with EFF, S2, S1%, S2%, L-CONT, WASO and less (p < 0.05) with S-LAT and S1. A-QUA correlated with S2, S2% (p < 0.01), L-CONT and EFF (p < 0.05). S-COM correlated with S-CONT (p < 0.01) and S-LAT (p < 0.05).ConclusionEFF, WASO, S2 and less S-LAT determine good S-QUA in all groups.
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Westerhof, Gerben, Abigail Nehrkorn-Bailey, Allyson Brothers, et al. "THE EFFECT OF SUBJECTIVE AGING ON HEALTH AND SURVIVAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LONGITUDINAL DATA." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1678.
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Abstract Longitudinal effects of subjective age on adult health and survival are well-documented (Westerhof et al., 2014). This systematic review provides an updated and expanded evaluation of the state of the field. A systematic search in PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed resulted in 103 articles: 19 articles from the 2014 meta-analysis and 84 newer articles. Sixty-five articles focused on physical health (e.g., subjective health, objective health, and health behaviors), 41 studied mental health outcomes (e.g., mental health disorders, well-being, and quality of life), and 18 articles used mortality as the outcome. Important developments during the past years include new instruments, particularly multidimensional assessment of subjective aging, and a more fine-grained representation of health outcomes, including bio indicators. A major outcome is that most studies confirmed the longitudinal effects of subjective aging on health as reported previously, but on a much broader study portfolio.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Qualité subjective et objective"
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Torkhani, Fakhri. "Analyse subjective et évaluation objective de la qualité perceptuelle des maillages 3D." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT051/document.
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Les maillages 3D polygonaux sont largement utilisés dans diverses applications telles que le divertissement numérique, la conception assistée par ordinateur et l'imagerie médicale. Un maillage peut être soumis à différents types d'opérations comme la compression, le tatouage ou la simplification qui introduisent des distorsions géométriques (modifications) à la version originale. Il est important de quantifier ces modification introduites au maillage d'origine et d'évaluer la qualité perceptuelle des maillages dégradés. Dans ce cadre, on s'intéresse dans cette thèse à l'évaluation de la qualité perceptuelle des maillages 3D statiques et dynamiques. On présente des études expérimentales pour l'évaluation subjective de la qualité des maillages 3D dynamiques.On présente également de nouvelles métriques objectives, de type avec-référence complète ou de type avec référence-réduite, qui sont efficaces pour l'estimation de la qualité perçue des maillages statiques et dynamiques<br>3D mesh animations have been increasingly used in various applications, e.g., in digital entertainment, computer-aided design and medical imaging. It is possible that a mesh model undergoes some lossy operations, e.g., compression, watermarking or simplification, which can impair the original mesh surface and introduce geometric distortions. An important task is to quantify such distortions and assess the perceptual quality of impaired meshes. In this manuscript, we focus on the perceptual quality assessment of 3D static and dynamic meshes. We present psychometric experiments that we conducted to measure the subjective perceptual quality of dynamic meshes. We also present new full-reference and reduced-reference objective metrics capable of faithfully evaluating the perceptual quality of 3D static and dynamic meshes
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Saidi, Inès. "Analyse et modélisation de la qualité perçue des applications de visiophonie." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0013/document.
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Dans un contexte fortement concurrentiel, l'un des principaux enjeux pour les opérateurs et les fournisseurs de services de visiophonie est de garantir aux utilisateurs une qualité d'expérience (QoE) optimale. Il existe un fort besoin d'une mesure qui reflète la satisfaction et la perception des utilisateurs de ces services. La qualité audiovisuelle d'un appel vidéo doit être contrôlée pour répondre à deux besoins principaux. Le premier concerne la planification de nouvelles technologies en cours de développement. Le second est axé sur le contrôle des communications existantes en évaluant la qualité des services offerts. Aujourd'hui, deux approches sont utilisées pour évaluer la qualité audiovisuelle : les tests subjectifs en collectant des notes données par des participants sur des échelles de qualité, après visualisation et écoute de séquences audiovisuelles et les métriques objectives basées sur des algorithmes automatiques d'évaluation de la qualité d'un signal audio, vidéo ou audiovisuel. Concernant les services de téléphonie, des décennies de recherche, de standardisation et d'exploitation des réseaux ont permis aux opérateurs de maîtriser les outils de diagnostic et de déterminer les métriques représentatives de la qualité vocale. Cependant, les méthodes de mesure de la qualité audiovisuelle des services conversationnels ne sont pas encore matures et peu exploitées par les opérateurs de télécommunication. Le présent travail est centré sur la recherche de métriques représentatives de la perception de la qualité des nux associés aux services de visiophonie et de visioconférence. Ces métriques objectives sont calculées à partir du signal audio et vidéo. Des tests subjectifs sont menés afin de collecter le jugement des utilisateurs du service sur la qualité perçue en fonction de différents niveaux de dégradations. Nous avons étudié l'impact des conditions réseau (perte de paquet, gigue et désynchronisation) sur la QoE d'un appel vidéo. Le principe général est ensuite d'établir une corrélation forte entre les métriques objectives sélectionnées et la qualité perçue telle qu'elle est exprimée par les utilisateurs. Les résultats ont montré que les nouvelles métriques de qualité globale audiovisuelle qui prennent en compte l'aspect temporel de la vidéo sont plus performantes que les métriques basées qualité d'images. D'autre part l'utilisation d'une approche machine learning représente une solution pour générer un modèle de prédiction de la qualité globale à partir des métriques de dégradation (flou, pixellisation, gel d'images, ... )<br>In a highly competitive environment, one of the key challenges for operators and providers of video telephony services is to ensure the highest quality of experience (QoE). There is a strong need for a measure that reflects users satisfaction and perception of these services. The audio-visual quality of a video call must be controlled to meet two main needs. The first concerns the planning of new technologies under development. The second is focused on the control of existing communications by assessing the quality of the services offered and evaluating them. Two approaches are used to evaluate audio-visual quality: subjective tests by collecting scores given by participants on quality scales, after viewing and listening to audiovisual sequences and objective metrics based on automatic audio/ video or audiovisual quality evaluation algorithms. Concerning telephony services, decades of research, standardization work and network exploitation, have allowed operators to master the automatic monitoring tools and to determine the representative metrics of voice quality. However, the metrics for measuring the audiovisual quality of a conversational services are not yet mature and not exploited by telecommunication operators. The present work focuses on finding representative metrics of the perception of the video telephony anc videoconferencing services quality. These objective metrics are calculated from the audio and video signals. Subjective tests are conducted to collect the judgment of service users on the perceived quality according to different levels of degradation. We studied the impact of network conditions (packet loss, jitter and desynchronization) on the QoE of a video call. The general principle is then to establish a correlation between the selected objective metrics and the perceived quality as expressed by the users. The results showed that new metric of overall audiovisual quality that take into account the temporal aspect of video are more powerful than image quality based metrics. On the other hand, the use of a machine learning approach represents a solution to generat a global quality prediction model from the degradation metrics (blur, pixelization, image freezing, ... )
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Sendjasni, Abderrezzaq. "Objective and subjective quality assessment of 360-degree images." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Poitiers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023POIT2251.
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Les images à 360 degrés, aussi appelées images omnidirectionnelles, sont au cœur des contenus immersifs. Avec l’augmentation de leur utilisation notamment grâce à l’expérience interactive et immersive qu’ils offrent, il est primordial de garantir une bonne qualité d’expérience (QoE). Cette dernière est considérablement impactée par la qualité du contenu lui-même. En l’occurrence, les images à 360 degrés, comme tout type de signal visuel, passent par une séquence de processus comprenant l’encodage, la transmission, le décodage et le rendu. Chacun de ces processus est susceptible d’introduire des distorsions dans le contenu. Pour améliorer la qualité d’expérience, toutes ces dégradations potentielles doivent être soigneusement prises en compte et réduites à un niveau imperceptible. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l’évaluation de la qualité de l’image est l’une des stratégies devant être utilisée. Cette thèse aborde l’évaluation de la qualité des images à 360 degrés des points de vue objectif et subjectif. Ainsi, en s’intéressant à l’effet des visiocasques sur la qualité perçue des images 360 degrés, une étude psycho-visuelle est conçue et réalisée en utilisant quatre dispositifs différents. À cette fin, une base de données a été créé et un panel d’observateurs a été impliqué. L’impact des visiocasques sur la qualité a été identifié et mis en évidence comme un facteur important à prendre en compte lors de la réalisation d’expériences subjectives pour des images à 360 degrés. D’un point de vue objectif, nous avons d’abord procédé à une étude comparative extensive de plusieurs modèles de réseaux de neurones convolutifs (CNN) sous diverses configurations. Ensuite, nous avons amélioré la chaîne de traitement de l’évaluation de la qualité basée sur les CNN à différentes échelles, de l’échantillonnage et de la représentation des entrées à l’agrégation des scores de qualité. En se basant sur les résultats de ces études, et de l’analyse comparative, deux modèles de qualité basés sur les CNN sont proposés pour prédire avec précision la qualité des images à 360 degrés. Les observations et les conclusions obtenues à partir des différentes contributions de cette thèse apporteront un éclairage sur l’évaluation de la qualité des images à 360 degrés<br>360-degree images, a.k.a. omnidirectional images, are in the center of immersive media. With the increase in demands of the latter, mainly thanks to the offered interactive and immersive experience, it is paramount to provide good quality of experience (QoE). This QoE is significantly impacted by the quality of the content. Like any type of visual signal, 360-degree images go through a sequence of processes including encoding, transmission, decoding, and rendering. Each of these processes has the potential to introduce distortions to the content. To improve the QoE, image quality assessment (IQA) is one of the strategies to be followed. This thesis addresses the quality evaluation of 360-degree images from the objective and subjective perspectives. By focusing on the influence of Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) on the perceived quality of 360-degree images, a psycho-visual study is designed and carried out using four different devices. For this purpose, a 360-degree image datasets is created and a panel of observers is involved. The impact of HMDs on the quality ratings is identified and highlighted as an important factor to consider when con- ducting subjective experiments for 360-degree images. From the objective perspective, we first comprehensively benchmarked several convolutional neural network (CNN) models under various configurations. Then, the processing chain of CNN-based 360-IQA is improved at different scales, from input sampling and representation to aggregating quality scores. Based on the observations of the above studies as well as the benchmark, two 360-IQA models based on CNNs are proposed to accurately predict the quality of 360-degree images. The obtained observations and conclusions from the various contributions shall bring insights for assessing the quality of 360-degree images<br>360-graders bilder, også kjent som rundstrålende bilder, er i sentrum av oppslukende medier. Med økningen i forventninger til sistnevnte, hovedsakelig takket være den aktiverte interaktive og oppslukende opplevelse, er det avgjørende å gi god kvaliteten på opplevelsen (QoE).Denne QoE er betydelig påvirket av kvaliteten på innholdet. Som alle typer visuelle signaler går 360-graders bilder gjennom en sekvens av prosesser, inkludert koding, overføring, dekoding og gjengivelse. Hver av disse prosessene har potensial til å introdusere forvrengninger til innholdet.For å forbedre QoE er vurdering av bildekvalitet (IQA) en av strategiene å følge. Denne oppgaven tar for seg kvalitetsevaluering av 360-graders bilder fra objektive og subjektive perspektiver. Ved å fokusere på påvirkningen av Head Mounted Displays (HMD-er) på den oppfattede kvaliteten til 360-graders bilder, er en psyko-visuell studie designet og utført ved hjelp av fire forskjellige enheter. For dette formålet opprettes et 360-graders bildedatasett og et panel av observatører er involvert. Virkningen av HMD-er på valitetsvurderingene identifiseres og fremheves som en viktig faktor når du utfører subjektive eksperimenter for 360-graders bilder.Fra det objektive perspektivet benchmarket vi først flere konvolusjonelle nevrale nettverk (CNN) under forskjellige konfigurasjoner. Deretter forbedres prosesseringskjeden til CNN-baserte 360-IQA i forskjellige skalaer, fra input-sampling og representasjon til aggregering av kvalitetspoeng. Basert på observasjonene av de ovenfornevnte studiene så vel som benchmark, foreslås to 360-IQA-modeller basert på CNN-er for å nøyaktig forutsi kvaliteten på 360-graders bilder.De innhentede observasjonene og konklusjonene fra de ulike bidragene skal gi innsikt for å vurdere kvaliteten på 360-graders bilder
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Zerman, Emin. "Evaluation et analyse de la qualité vidéo à haute gamme dynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0003.
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Au cours de la dernière décennie, la technologie de l’image et de la vidéo à haute gamme dynamique (High dynamic range - HDR) a attiré beaucoup d’attention, en particulier dans la communauté multimédia. Les progrés technologiques récents ont facilité l’acquisition, la compression et la reproduction du contenu HDR, ce qui a mené à la commercialisation des écrans HDR et à la popularisation du contenu HDR. Dans ce contexte, la mesure de la qualité du contenu HDR joue un rôle fondamental dans l’amélioration de la chaîne de distribution du contenu ainsi que des opérations qui la composent, telles que la compression et l’affichage. Cependant, l’évaluation de la qualité visuelle HDR présente de nouveaux défis par rapport au contenu à gamme dynamique standard (Standard dynamic range -SDR). Le premier défi concerne les nouvelles conditions introduites par la reproduction du contenu HDR, par ex. l’augmentation de la luminosité et du contraste. Même si une reproduction exacte de la luminance d’une scène n’est pas nécessaire pour la plupart des cas pratiques, une estimation précise de la luminance émise est cependant nécessaire pour les mesures d’évaluation objectives de la qualité HDR. Afin de comprendre les effets du rendu d’affichage sur la perception de la qualité, un algorithme permettant de reproduire très précisement une image HDR a été développé et une expérience subjective a été menée pour analyser l’impact de différents rendus sur l’évaluation subjective et objective de la qualité HDR. En outre, afin de comprendre l’impact de la couleur avec la luminosité accrue des écrans HDR, les effets des différents espaces de couleurs sur les performances de compression vidéo HDR ont également été analysés dans une autre étude subjective. Un autre défi consiste à estimer objectivement la qualité du contenu HDR, en utilisant des ordinateurs et des algorithmes. Afin de relever ce défi, la thèse procède à l’évaluation des performances des métriques de qualité d’image HDR avec référence (Full reference-FR). Les images HDR ont une plus grande plage de luminosité et des valeurs de contraste plus élevées. Etant donné que la plupart des métriques de qualité d’image sont développées pour les images SDR, elles doivent être adaptées afin d’estimer la qualité des images HDR. Différentes méthodes d’adaptation ont été utilisées pour les mesures SDR, et elles ont été comparées avec les métriques de qualité d’image existantes développées exclusivement pour les images HDR. De plus, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation des métriques objectives basée sur une nouvelle approche de classification. Enfin, nous comparons les scores de qualité subjectifs acquis en utilisant différentes méthodologies de test subjectives. L’évaluation subjective de la qualité est considérée comme le moyen le plus efficace et le plus fiable d’obtenir des scores de qualité «vérité-terrain» pour les stimuli sélectionnés, et les scores moyens d’opinion (Mean opinion scores-MOS) obtenus sont les valeurs auxquelles les métriques objectives sont entraînées pour correspondre. En fait, de fortes divergences peuvent facilement être rencontrés lorsque différentes bases de données de qualité multimédia sont considérées. Afin de comprendre la relation entre les valeurs de qualité acquises à l’aide de différentes méthodologies, la relation entre les valeurs MOS et les résultats des comparaisons par paires rééchellonés (Pairwise comparisons - PC) a été comparée. A cette fin, une série d’expériences ont été menées entre les méthodologies double stimulus impairment scale (DSIS) et des comparaisons par paires. Nous proposons d’inclure des comparaisons inter-contenu dans les expériences PC afin d’améliorer les performances de rééchelonnement et de réduire la variance inter-contenu ainsi que les intervalles de confiance. Les scores de PC rééchellonés peuvent également être utilisés pour des scénarios subjectifs d’évaluation de la qualité multimédia autres que le HDR<br>In the last decade, high dynamic range (HDR) image and video technology gained a lot of attention, especially within the multimedia community. Recent technological advancements made the acquisition, compression, and reproduction of HDR content easier, and that led to the commercialization of HDR displays and popularization of HDR content. In this context, measuring the quality of HDR content plays a fundamental role in improving the content distribution chain as well as individual parts of it, such as compression and display. However, HDR visual quality assessment presents new challenges with respect to the standard dynamic range (SDR) case. The first challenge is the new conditions introduced by the reproduction of HDR content, e.g. the increase in brightness and contrast. Even though accurate reproduction is not necessary for most of the practical cases, accurate estimation of the emitted luminance is necessary for the objective HDR quality assessment metrics. In order to understand the effects of display rendering on the quality perception, an accurate HDR frame reproduction algorithm was developed, and a subjective experiment was conducted to analyze the impact of different display renderings on subjective and objective HDR quality evaluation. Additionally, in order to understand the impact of color with the increased brightness of the HDR displays, the effects of different color spaces on the HDR video compression performance were also analyzed in another subjective study. Another challenge is to estimate the quality of HDR content objectively, using computers and algorithms. In order to address this challenge, the thesis proceeds with the performance evaluation of full-reference (FR) HDR image quality metrics. HDR images have a larger brightness range and higher contrast values. Since most of the image quality metrics are developed for SDR images, they need to be adapted in order to estimate the quality of HDR images. Different adaptation methods were used for SDR metrics, and they were compared with the existing image quality metrics developed exclusively for HDR images. Moreover, we propose a new method for the evaluation of metric discriminability based ona novel classification approach. Motivated by the need to fuse several different quality databases, in the third part of the thesis, we compare subjective quality scores acquired by using different subjective test methodologies. Subjective quality assessment is regarded as the most effective and reliable way of obtaining “ground-truth” quality scores for the selected stimuli, and the obtained mean opinion scores (MOS) are the values to which generally objective metrics are trained to match. In fact, strong discrepancies can easily be notified across databases when different multimedia quality databases are considered. In order to understand the relationship between the quality values acquired using different methodologies, the relationship between MOS values and pairwise comparisons (PC) scaling results were compared. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted using double stimulus impairment scale (DSIS) and pairwise comparisons subjective methodologies. We propose to include cross-content comparisons in the PC experiments in order to improve scaling performance and reduce cross-content variance as well as confidence intervals. The scaled PC scores can also be used for subjective multimedia quality assessment scenarios other than HDR
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Péchard, Stéphane. "Qualité d'usage en télévision haute définition : évaluations subjectives et métriques objectives." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348586.
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La télévision haute définition (TVHD) est le nouveau système de diffusion sensé apporter une plus grande immersion de l'observateur dans l'action et une qualité d'usage supérieure à celle de la télévision standard (TVSD). Afin de remplir ces exigences, les diffuseurs ont besoin de techniques de mesure de qualité adaptées. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est de nous éclairer sur l'impact de la transition de la TVSD vers la TVHD sur la qualité visuelle. Le second est de proposer des métriques objectives de qualité adaptées à la TVHD. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié plusieurs aspects de la qualité visuelle dans ce contexte. Cela nous a notamment permis de sélectionner une méthodologie d'évaluation subjective de la qualité pour constituer une base de séquences dégradées par un codage H.264. Puis, nous avons proposé une méthodologie d'évaluation de l'impact d'un système dégradant sur la qualité visuelle. Elle est utilisée dans les trois critères objectifs de qualité présentés par la suite. Elle fournit au premier une analyse du contenu permettant de modéliser la qualité visuelle d'une séquence. Le second critère cumule des fonctions de gêne locales en une note de qualité globale grâce à des modèles validés par la méthodologie. Le dernier exploite la notion de tubes spatio-temporels introduits par la méthodologie. Des caractéristiques y sont mesurées pour les séquences de référence et dégradée. Le cumul des différences entre ces caractéristiques fournit une note de qualité finale. Alors que le second critère n'offre pas de résultats convaincants, les deux autres permettent une prédiction des notes subjectives plus performante que celle de deux critères connus de la littérature.
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Vlad, Raluca Ioana. "Une méthode pour l'évaluation de la qualité des images 3D stéréoscopiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925280.
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Dans le contexte d'un intérêt grandissant pour les systèmes stéréoscopiques, mais sans méthodes reproductible pour estimer leur qualité, notre travail propose une contribution à la meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de perception et de jugement humains relatifs au concept multi-dimensionnel de qualité d'image stéréoscopique. Dans cette optique, notre démarche s'est basée sur un certain nombre d'outils : nous avons proposé un cadre adapté afin de structurer le processus d'analyse de la qualité des images stéréoscopiques, nous avons implémenté dans notre laboratoire un système expérimental afin de conduire plusieurs tests, nous avons crée trois bases de données d'images stéréoscopiques contenant des configurations précises et enfin nous avons conduit plusieurs expériences basées sur ces collections d'images. La grande quantité d'information obtenue par l'intermédiaire de ces expérimentations a été utilisée afin de construire un premier modèle mathématique permettant d'expliquer la perception globale de la qualité de la stéréoscopie en fonction des paramètres physiques des images étudiée.
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Nouri, Nedia. "Évaluation de la qualité et transmission en temps-réel de vidéos médicales compressées : application à la télé-chirurgie robotisée." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL049N/document.
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L'évolution des techniques chirurgicales, par l'utilisation de robots, permet des interventions mini-invasives avec une très grande précision et ouvre des perspectives d'interventions chirurgicales à distance, comme l'a démontré la célèbre expérimentation « Opération Lindbergh » en 2001. La contrepartie de cette évolution réside dans des volumes de données considérables qui nécessitent des ressources importantes pour leur transmission. La compression avec pertes de ces données devient donc inévitable. Celle-ci constitue un défi majeur dans le contexte médical, celui de l'impact des pertes sur la qualité des données et leur exploitation. Mes travaux de thèse concernent l'étude de techniques permettant l'évaluation de la qualité des vidéos dans un contexte de robotique chirurgicale. Deux approches méthodologiques sont possibles : l'une à caractère subjectif et l'autre à caractère objectif. Nous montrons qu'il existe un seuil de tolérance à la compression avec pertes de type MPEG2 et H.264 pour les vidéos chirurgicales. Les résultats obtenus suite aux essais subjectifs de la qualité ont permis également de mettre en exergue une corrélation entre les mesures subjectives effectuées et une mesure objective utilisant l'information structurelle de l'image. Ceci permet de prédire la qualité telle qu'elle est perçue par les observateurs humains. Enfin, la détermination d'un seuil de tolérance à la compression avec pertes a permis la mise en place d'une plateforme de transmission en temps réel sur un réseau IP de vidéos chirurgicales compressées avec le standard H.264 entre le CHU de Nancy et l'école de chirurgie<br>The digital revolution in medical environment speeds up development of remote Robotic-Assisted Surgery and consequently the transmission of medical numerical data such as pictures or videos becomes possible. However, medical video transmission requires significant bandwidth and high compression ratios, only accessible with lossy compression. Therefore research effort has been focussed on video compression algorithms such as MPEG2 and H.264. In this work, we are interested in the question of compression thresholds and associated bitrates are coherent with the acceptance level of the quality in the field of medical video. To evaluate compressed medical video quality, we performed a subjective assessment test with a panel of human observers using a DSCQS (Double-Stimuli Continuous Quality Scale) protocol derived from the ITU-R BT-500-11 recommendations. Promising results estimate that 3 Mbits/s could be sufficient (compression ratio aroundthreshold compression level around 90:1 compared to the original 270 Mbits/s) as far as perceived quality is concerned. Otherwise, determining a tolerance to lossy compression has allowed implementation of a platform for real-time transmission over an IP network for surgical videos compressed with the H.264 standard from the University Hospital of Nancy and the school of surgery
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Bordel, Stéphanie. "Les dimensions objective et subjective du jugement de responsabilité." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20038.
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La @responsabilité apparaît comme une notion difficile à saisir. En effet, cette notion, qui appartient à la fois au langage ordinaire et au langage juridique, présente un caractère polysémique. Cependant, au-delà des divergences et des contradictions, il est possible, en s'appuyant notamment sur l'analyse sociologique de Fauconnet (1920) et les travaux de Piaget (1932) de distinguer deux types de responsabilité : la responsabilité objective et la responsabilité subjective. Ainsi, définir la responsabilité d'une personne reviendrait, d'une part, à chercher son rôle causal dans la production de l'évènement observé, c'est-à-dire à attribuer la causalité, il s'agit de la respondabilité objective, et d'autre part à prendre en compte des aspects plus téléologiques comme l'intentionnalité ou les raisons, il s'agit de la responsabilité subjective. . Cette proposition théorique a fait l'objet d'une validation empirique. Quatre séries d'études ont permis de mettre en évidence que la responsabilité peut effectivement être définie comme renvoyant à ces deux éléments, mais qu'ils sont indissociables l'un de l'autre. En effet, la responsabilité évoque toujours la responsabilité objective et la responsabilité subjective, et ce, quelle que soit l'information donnée aux sujets. Par ailleurs, il apparaît que les sujets, issus de sociétés ayant des droits différents, n'accordent pas une place identique à la responsabilité objective et à la responsabilité subjective<br>The @responsibility appears like a difficult notion to understand. In fact, this word is part, at the same time, of ordinary language and juridcal language, it has a polysemic character. Far from those differences and contradictions, however, basing on the sociological analysis of Fauconnet (1920) and Piaget's work (1932), it is possible to distinguish two types of responsibility : objective responsibility and subjective responsibility. In this way, to define responsibility of a person would be, on one hand to search his causal role in the facts that are observed. This means doing causal attribution, it is the objective responsibility. On the other hand, it would be the research of teleological aspects like intentionnality or reasons, it is the subjective responsibility. This theoretical proposition forms the subject of an empirical validation. Four series of studies have shown that responsibility can in the facts be defined by those two components but that there are indissociable. Responsibility always recall to both objective responsibility and subjective responsibility whatever informations are given to the subjects. In other respects, it appears that the subjects, all coming from different societies with different laws, don't give the same place to objective responsibility and subjective responsibility
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BEKKAT, NACHIDA. "Critere objectif de qualite subjective d'images monochromes. Conception du modele et validation experimentale." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2101.
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La conception de criteres objectifs d'evaluation de la qualite perceptuelle des images suscite un grand interet pour l'optimisation des systemes de traitement d'images. Les travaux de cette these s'inscrivent dans ce contexte. Un critere objectif de qualite doit fournir des mesures de qualite en forte correspondance avec celles fournies par des observateurs. Une modelisation des principales proprietes du systeme visuel humain (svh) doit donc etre etablie et prise en compte dans la conception d'un critere. C'est la demarche utilisee dans cette these. Nous avons concu, developpe et valide un critere objectif de qualite qui se decompose fonctionnellement en trois ensembles. Le premier correspond a une representation perceptuelle des images : un ensemble de 17 sous-bandes selectives en frequences spatiales a la fois en radial et en angulaire, ont ete utilisees pour modeliser les parties peripheriques du svh. Le second elabore la fonction d'adaptation des seuils de perception due a l'effet de masquage. Les seuils de visibilite de degradations sont mesures au niveau de chaque canal seul, puis en presence de signaux masquants issus d'autres canaux. Un modele de masquage tenant compte des caracteristiques frequentielles du signal et de la distribution de l'energie a travers les differents canaux est construit. L'etude de la perception des erreurs au-dela des seuils de visibilite a abouti a la determination d'une grandeur definissant la resolution de la perception des erreurs. Le dernier correspond aux cumuls des degradations et comprend deux etapes. La premiere fusionne les erreurs perceptuelles localisees, issues des differentes sous-bandes, en une grandeur unique restant localisee. La seconde effectue un cumul spatial de ces sites en une mesure unique par un modele parametrique de type probabiliste et non lineaire. Les parametres du modele sont optimises pour augmenter la correspondance entre la note objective et la moyenne des notes subjectives.
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Lavoie, Jacinthe. "La relation entre les construits cognitifs et affectifs et les composantes objectives et subjectives de la qualité de vie." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23729.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Qualité subjective et objective"
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Jeuland, Emmanuel, and Christine Boillot, eds. La qualité dans la performance judiciaire : une notion objective et relationnelle ? IRJS, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14375/np.9782919211494.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Qualité subjective et objective"
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"Entre quête subjective et enquête objective." In Beyond Given Knowledge. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110569230-012.
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Azam, Mohammad, Mohamed Rafik Noor Mohamed Qureshi, and Faisal Talib. "Quality Evaluation of Health Care Establishment Utilizing Fuzzy AHP." In Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2451-0.ch025.
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Quality evaluation of healthcare establishment (HCE) is a difficult process as it involves multiple components of quality criteria with various factors and sub-factors therein. Further, the quality criteria are not universally standardized. The subjective evaluation in itself is not reliable as a tool so that available HCEs may be investigated for selecting the best among them. Thus, to avoid vagueness and imprecision due to process of human cognition the need to evolve a useful method for evaluation of quality of HCE was essentially required. To achieve such an objective three well established HCEs from northern cities of India have been studied. An Integrated Quality Model designed for HCE (Azam et al., 2012a, 2012b) and specifically tested previously with the AHP study by the authors (Azam et al., 2015) with its components, parameters and factors sub-factors has been utilized to evaluate the quality aspects of HCEs forming subjects of the current study. Further, the standard formula of Fuzzy AHP methodology with the application of fuzzy set theory was applied to the multiple components of the quality criteria with various factors and sub-factors therein pertaining to various HCEs forming the subject of the study. Quality of the HCEs thus could be evaluated empirically avoiding vagueness due to human cognition factors. Utilizing this methodology respective rankings of HCEs could also be assigned among them with practical utility to maintain the required quality of their services. Quality evaluation of Health Care Establishment utilizing Fuzzy AHP along with fuzzy set theory is a unique method which will benefit the client patients to select the best HCE among the available alternatives of HCEs. It also helps the managers to improve the business by allocating scarce resources wherever critically required to improve various quality components criteria factors and sub-factors of their HCEs.
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"A. Bergson : durée subjective, durée objective et sympathie." In La dialectique de l'intuition chez Alfred North Whitehead. DE GRUYTER, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110322026.127.
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Berrichi, H., M. Tiberge, L. Arbus, S. Khardi, and M. Vallet. "Quantification objective et subjective des troubles de la vigilance en situations réelles de conduite." In Vigilance et transports. Presses universitaires de Lyon, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pul.40227.
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Sondag, Gérard. "Complementarite Technique et Complementarite Esthetique." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia1998125.
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Outre l’éducation éthique, il existe aussi, selon le mot de Schiller, une ‘éducation esthétique de l’humanité’, à laquelle le philosophe peut contribuer. Selon la conception moderne (préparée en réalité dès la scolastique, par Saint Bonaventure notamment), la beauté est appréhendée par l’homme dans et par l’expérience esthétique. La présente étude a pour objet d’étudier une expérience esthétique particulière. La beauté d’un corps naturel ou celle d’un objet technique se révèle à nous dès lors qu’à l’organisation fonctionnelle de ses parties se subsiste un agencement formel de ses mêmes parties, constituées dès lors en parties esthétiques. C’est donc la face, ou plutôt la cause objective de l’expérience esthétique qui est étudiée ici. Mais la notion d’expérience soulève aussi deux autres problèmes qui ne peuvent être examinés faute de place, celui de la disponibilité subjective et celui de la communicativité (plutôt que la communicabilité) de l’expérience esthétique.
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Cupa, D., A. Dazord, J. P. Juquel, et al. "La qualité de vie subjective de patients en hémodialyse en centre, en autodialyse, en dialyse péritonéale et à domicile." In Psychologie en néphrologie. EDP Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-84254-221-4.c011.
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Cupa, Dominique, Alice Dazord, Jean-Pierre Juquel, et al. "Étude comparative de la qualité de vie subjective de patients en hémodialyse à domicile, en centre, en autodialyse, et en dialyse péritonéale." In Psychologie en néphrologie. EDK, Groupe EDP Sciences, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/edk.cupa.2002.01.0125.
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Reid, Samuel, and Travis West. "Measuring the Frequency of Critical Thinking in a Second Language Academic Discussion Course." In Development of Innovative Pedagogical Practices for a Modern Learning Experience. CSMFL Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46679/978819484836309.
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As technology and globalization increase the chances of exposure to information, learners’ Critical Thinking (CT) and researchers’ ability to measure it will play an important role in developing modern educational experiences. This is particularly the case for English language learners who wish to enter tertiary education in English-speaking countries (Liaw, 2007; Wagner, 2010). Emphasis on such skills is increasingly a facet of language education in Japanese contexts. This can be seen in changes implemented by the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology which have encouraged a focus on CT in English language courses during recent years (MEXT, 2011). However, it can be difficult for second language (L2) learners to exhibit CT in an L2 (Bali, 2015; Luk & Lin, 2015). Measuring CT in learner output has also proven difficult, which can be an obstacle to further integrating CT in L2 pedagogy. Studies exploring ways of measuring CT in an L2 have largely focused on written work (e.g., Davidson & Dunham, 1997; Floyd, 2011; Stapleton, 2001), while analysis of CT in spoken L2 discourse has seen little attention. As a result, little advice can be found on practical steps for teachers to help learners display CT when speaking in an L2. This chapter describes a study of arguments made during group discussions in an L2 English Discussion course at a Japanese university. A corpus of spontaneous spoken discourse recorded during class was analyzed to measure the frequency of CT displayed in an academic setting where CT was not an explicit focus of the course. Arguments in the corpus were identified using Ramage et al.’s (2016) model of argument criteria, and a categorization system was developed in which discourse was classified as displaying either objective reasoning or subjective reasoning. Participants were found to have used approximately 72% objective and 28% subjective reasoning. However, further analysis revealed an important qualitative difference in arguments identified as incorporating objective reasoning. The results of the study suggest two areas that may help teachers promote an increase in student usage of CT: the importance of question prompts in orienting learners towards CT in their answers, and a specific focus on the role of pronoun usage in taking a subjective or objective stance.
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Poorun, Ravi, and Rebeccah Slater. "The neurophysiological evaluation of nociceptive responses in neonates." In Oxford Textbook of Paediatric Pain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642656.003.0039.
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Human pain and suffering is most often communicated by language. The ability to communicate verbally puts adults and older children at a distinct advantage over our young counterparts. Infants and newborns cannot talk—which makes the reliable subjective measurement of pain difficult in this population. In neonates, we have traditionally relied on objective measurements of physiological and behavioural responses to noxious stimulation (Stevens et al., 2007), and research continues to search for the best measures of pain in neonates (Stevens and Franck, 2001; see also Lee and Stevens, Chapter 35, this volume).
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Deng, Natalja. "On Metaphysical Explanations of Psychological Asymmetries." In Temporal Asymmetries in Philosophy and Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862901.003.0011.
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What is the relation between metaphysical and psychological insights into temporal asymmetries? This chapter examines that question on the basis of a case study concerning the temporal Doppler effect. It argues for the following claims: (1) Caruso et al.’s talk of a subjective movement through time seems best interpreted as concerning our longer term cognitive relationship to time; (2) both A- and B-theoretic interpretations of their discussion are viable as interpretations; (3) if combined with Priorean arguments for the A-theory, it takes some work to ensure the A-theoretic interpretation respects the constraint that objective temporal distance cannot directly influence psychological outcomes; and (4) a third, less metaphysically loaded interpretation may be preferable to both the A- and the B-theoretic ones.
Conference papers on the topic "Qualité subjective et objective"
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Gjertsen, Ole, Ryan Mushinski, Preston Wolfram, et al. "IADC Dull Code Upgrade: Photometric Classification and Quantification of the New Dull Codes." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212533-ms.
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Abstract In the world of drilling, the drill bit dull condition contains our best forensic evidence of the drilling assembly's interaction with the formation. Dull grading forensics is the first place to look to identify drilling dysfunction yet commonly overlooked or misunderstood by operators. The drill bit dull condition can be leveraged to learn about the formation, drilling dynamics and drilling practices (Watson et. al. 2022). The IADC bit dull grading classification system received its most recent revision in 1992 and currently consists of an average inner and outer dull grade severity, rated from 0 – 8 with a major and other dull characteristic along with a reason pulled. These grades can be used to make critical operational and bit design decisions to overcome drilling challenges thereby improving performance and allowing drilling teams to drill consistently further and faster. The oil and gas industry is becoming more reliant on digitally enabled applications to improve performance through big data, machine learning and automation, but at the time of this paper, the critical IADC dull grading system has remained the same. It is still a crude and subjective characterization of the complex drill bit dull condition. A key challenge with the current classification system and industry standard grading technique is that it is highly dependent on the person grading the bit. Personal subjectivity and lack of training can result in key forensic evidence being overlooked that otherwise could have aided in understanding the root cause of drilling dysfunction. A cross disciplinary committee of subject matter experts (SME's) from operators, drill bit providers, cutter manufacturers, and digital solution providers have convened to define and introduce a new standard dull grading system as replacement for the current outdated IADC dull grading. The new dull grading system will allow for an objective cutter-by-cutter dull grading to be stored with relevant drilling data with reduced subjectivity and enhanced accuracy. With recent advancements in mobile phone hardware and applications, a solution was developed that delivers high quality, cutter-by-cutter dull grading automatically and connecting with drilling meta data from a drilling records database containing over 1.8 million well records with over 5 million bottom-hole assembly (BHA) runs. It leverages videos with machine learning combined with an algorithm to deliver cutter specific, major dull characteristics of a scanned bit. This high quality photographic digital dull information is incorporated into workflows allowing for rapid improvement in cutting structure and cutter development lifecycle timelines leading to rapid improvements in drilling performance for operators.
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Zhi, Naiqian, Beverly K. Jaeger, Andrew Gouldstone, Samuel Frank, and Rifat Sipahi. "Objective Quantitative Assessment of Movement Disorders Through Analysis of Static Handwritten Characters." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9974.
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Movement disorders associated with Essential Tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) can negatively impact use of the upper limb for many precision tasks, including handwriting. Both ET and PD can be assessed through clinical tests which are, however, relatively subjective. This assessment approach possesses inherent logistical and resolution limitations. To address this, here we present objective computerized metrics intended to assess and quantify the extent to which static writing samples display the effects of ET and PD. Specifically, these metrics are tested in their ability to measure tremor by comparing unaffected writing samples with those affected by artificially induced tremor on healthy subjects, and also by comparing healthy writing samples with symptomatic writing samples collected from PD patients reporting micrographia. Our findings indicate that the presented metrics can be utilized for assessment, leading to a toolset capable of objectively monitoring static handwriting changes associated with symptom variations in ET and/or PD patients.
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Melka, A. C. "Retentissement sur l’état bucco-dentaire et la qualité de vie des patients avec un cancer de la cavité buccale ou de l’oropharynx traits par radiothérapie conformationnelle tridimensionnelle versus avec modulation d’intensité : à propos de 52 cas." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603012.
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L’incidence des cancers des voies aéro-digestives (VADS), en France, est l’une des plus élevée du monde. La radiothérapie fait partie des thérapeutiques majeures de cette localisation. La radiothérapie conformationnelle tridimensionnelle (RT3D), est associée à des taux élevés d’effets secondaires aigus et chroniques. La qualité de vie fonctionnelle orale des patients est alors profondément diminuée, mastication, salivation, déglutition et phonation. Les avancées techniques avec la Radiothérapie Conformationnelle avec Modulation d’Intensité (RCMI) ont permis de délivrer une dose minimale efficace dans la tumeur et de minimiser les doses reçues dans les organes à risques améliorant la qualité de vie des patients. AM ce jour, il existe peu d’études cliniques sur l’impact dentaire des traitements des cancers des VADS. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer le retentissement bucco-dentaire et la qualité de vie chez des patients présentant un cancer de la cavité buccale ou de l’oropharynx dont le traitement a été composé au moins d’une (RT3D) ou (RCMI). Une étude observationnelle, monocentrique, comparative et analytique a été menée au CHU Estaing entre janvier 2016 et juillet 2017. Ont été inclus dans l’étude les patients venant pour leur consultation de suivi dans le service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, répondant aux critères suivant : cancer de la cavité buccale ou de l’oropharynx, ayant été traité au moins par RT3D ou IMRT, recul d’un an minimum après la fin de la radiothérapie. Les patients ont été divisés en 2 groupes : 21 en RT3D et 31 en IMRT. Les tests objectifs ont montré un bénéfice statistiquement significatif en analyse multivariée, dans le groupe RCMI, tant sur le plan de l’hyposialie de repos et stimulée, qu’au niveau de l’état dentaire, sur l’indice carieux, le nombre de colorations par des bactéries chromogènes, et le nombre de poches parodontales. Les critères d’analyses subjectifs sur le retentissement de la radiothérapie retrouvent aussi une différence statistiquement significative sur la xérostomie tardive, avec un grade <2 prédominant chez les patients du groupe RCMI. En terme de qualité de vie orale, l’analyse multivariée des questionnaires subjectifs, montre une diminution de la dysphagie, de la limitation d’ouverture buccale, des difficultés d’élocution, ainsi que de l’inappétence, et des problèmes de dents chez les patients RCMI. La RCMI est considérée aujourd’hui comme le traitement standard des cancers de la cavité buccale et de l’oropharynx de part ses résultats carcinologiques. Elle permet de mieux préserver les organes à risques, en particulier les glandes parotidiennes, avec une diminution de l’hyposialie et de la xérostomie tardive. Cette amélioration salivaire quantitative et qualitative se traduit par une diminution du retentissement dentaire direct et indirect, avec une baisse du nombre de caries radiques, de colorations dentaires chromogènes et de poches parodontales.
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Rynders, Maurice C., Rafael Navarro, and M. Angeles Losada. "Off-axis Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration in the Human Eye." In Vision Science and its Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.ma.1.
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Longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the human eye has been determined by various investigators [1,2] for foveal vision, usually with subjective methods. Due to low peripheral visual acuities, an accurate subjective determination of off-axis LCA is not possible at large eccentricities. Consequently, no data are available today on the ocular LCA beyond a few degrees away from the fovea. Charman and Jennings [3] determined the foveal LCA objectively using a double pass technique for one observer. They found a basic agreement with subjective data, finding only minor discrepancies between the subjectively determined best focus and the objective best focus criterion (smallest line width at half height). Their objective values were less myopic than subjective data for the shorter wavelengths. In the present study, we measure LCA throughout the visual field also using a double pass method [4]. In addition we have tested for possible discrepancies between objective and subjective data (as reported by Charman and Jennings [3]) for different wavelengths and for eccentricities of 0° and 2.5°, studying possible implications for the suitability of the double pass technique in determining LCA objectively. This objective versus subjective comparison has been done by the method of William's et al. [5] where the focusing target is a purely monochromatic point source.
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Dobson, V., and N. A. Carpenter. "Acuity Card Assessment of Visual Acuity in High-Risk Infants: Interobserver Agreement in a Subjective Test Procedure." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1987.wa4.
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The acuity card procedure (McDonald et al 1985; 1986a,b) was developed to be a rapid procedure for the measurement of grating acuity in infants and young children. It is a modification of the forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) procedure, a laboratory-based procedure for the objective measurement of visual function in non-verbal subjects (Teller 1979).
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Isaacs, Jason, Sean MacKinnon, Kayla Joyce, and Sherry Stewart. "Cannabis Use Among Women: Does Daily Assessment Reactivity Affect Usage Patterns?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30.
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BACKGROUND: Daily diary measurements are a common way to assess substance use behaviours, however researchers and clinicians are often cognizant of assessment reactivity (or “reactivity”) in daily substance use measurement. Reactivity involves changes to behaviours that result simply from self-monitoring those behaviours. When reactivity to substance use measurement has been found to exist, it has been identified both as a possible confound in daily diary research and a potential intervention tool in clinical practice. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of alcohol and tobacco use has been investigated in prior research, however this research has been inconsistent. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of cannabis use quantity has yet to be documented at all. METHOD: The current study involved secondary analyses of data from N=88 women who self-monitored their cannabis use for 32 consecutive days (Joyce et al., under review). We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring both for the probability of use each day as well as the quantity of cannabis used on each cannabis-using day. At study completion, participants were asked the degree to which they felt self-monitoring impacted their cannabis use (i.e., subjective reactivity). We explored the reported degree of subjective reactivity, and we examined correspondence between objective and subjective reactivity. RESULTS: Hurdle models were the best fit for the data. Participants’ probability of daily cannabis use and the quantity of cannabis use did not change significantly over the study period. For subjective reactivity, many respondents (45%) reported no subjective reactivity, though a majority (55%) reported some degree of subjective reactivity with 24% reporting moderate or more reactivity. A three-step hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective reactivity. Time was the only predictor in the first step, subjective reactivity was added as a predictor in the second step, and the time x subjective reactivity interaction was explored in the final step. Subjective reactivity was not found to moderate the relationship between time and cannabis use, although there was a significant relationship between self-reported subjective reactivity and variability of cannabis use across the data collection period. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that participants who report greater subjective reactivity to cannabis measurement are more likely to demonstrate variability in their cannabis usage. While this study did not find a significant change in cannabis scores over time because of reactivity, the non-significant results are valuable from both a research and a clinical standpoint. For research, the lack of change is an indicator that reactivity is likely not a confounding factor in studies involving cannabis daily diary research. From a clinical perspective, the non-significant change indicates that simply self-monitoring cannabis is unlikely to provide standalone benefits when daily self-monitoring is used in clinical practice. It is relevant to note that our study involved a non-help-seeking sample, and future research could benefit from determining whether cannabis reactivity may be moderated by help-seeking behaviours or motivations to change.
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Alcalá Fazio, Enrique, and Nuria Alvarez Fernández. "Experimental protocol to assess the tourism vehicles accessibility based on heart rate and access time measurements." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3501.
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The objective of the Project is to define an experimental protocol for the accessibility assessment of the transport vehicles, by analysing the evolution of the effort and time variables consumed by a target group –Persons of Reduced Mobility (PMRs). This protocol consisted in tests of accessibility on a sample of 6 passenger cars (class M1) by 8 elderly people carrying a heart rate monitor, and whose access manoeuvres were recorded by video cameras. Based on the Hilloskorpi et al. [1] model and by developing a method of truncation of the heart rate (HR) tests records - eliminating the component of the work biologically needed by the organism to keep its basal metabolic rate from the work each person performed – it was possible to evaluate how much energy each individual invested in each access manoeuver. Immediately after each test, and after the whole round of vehicles, each participant was surveyed for a subjective assessment of the difficulty of accessing to the cars. According to each of the above results, the HR objective measurements and the subjective opinion about the ease of access experienced by each individual, the vehicles were ranked by order of accessibility to the front and rear seats. The result of both rankings showed the orders of the similar vehicles, the potential of the method and a fair closeness between its results and the subjective, but real and unequivocal, judgments of the participants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3501
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Kitayama, Kakeru, Orchida Dianita, Kimi Ueda, Hirotake Ishii, Hiroshi Shimoda, and Fumiaki Obayashi. "Micro-refresh to Restore Intellectual Concentration Decline during Office Work: An Attempt at Quantitative Effect Evaluation." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002824.
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There have been many studies on improving intellectual concentration. Concentration on intellectual work tends to decrease over time, and this needs to be prevented to improve intellectual concentration. In conventional office work, for example, a 10-minute break was taken every hour, but in this case, concentration drops by the next break. Therefore, there is a possibility of suppressing the decline in intellectual concentration by interspersing short breaks of a few seconds to a few tens of seconds in a shorter cycle than this. In this study, we named this break "micro-refresh" and aimed to show its effect on improving intellectual concentration by experiments, and then to study the environmental control method to present it appropriately in the actual working environment. The "micro-refresh" in this study differs from the conventional "microbreak" in that it effectively encourages office workers to refresh themselves in a short period of time. In other words, this research aims to actively encourage office workers to refresh themselves through some kind of action, such as controlling the indoor environment.Therefore, as a basis for this study, it was firstly confirmed that the effect of micro-refresh can be measured quantitatively. Short breaks of a few seconds to tens of seconds were forcibly given to the office workers during the cognitive task, and the difference in intellectual concentration was confirmed using objective indicators. In addition, the difference in subjective perception of fatigue and workload was also confirmed by several questionnaires.In this experiment, a comparison problem developed by Ueda et al1). was used as a cognitive task. As a simulated micro-refresh, a system, in which the screen changes to gray when an arbitrary time elapses and the answer to the problem being solved at that time is completed, was implemented. The interval between the screen changing was set to 7 minutes and 30 seconds, and the time until the changed screen returned to normal was set to 20 seconds. Participants performed a 25-minute cognitive task with and without the simulated micro-refresh. Their intellectual concentration was measured as an index, “CTR (Concentration Time Ratio)”, which expresses concentration time ratio among total working time and was calculated from response time data of the cognitive task. In addition, this experiment measured participants’ fatigue and workload through several questionnaires; (1) Progress questionnaire asking about subjective level of concentration and fatigue (2) NASA-TLX asking about workload (3) Subjective symptom screening capturing changes in fatigue status over time.At this point, the experiment is not yet completed, but it will be completed by the time the full paper is submitted. From the data obtained, it will be shown that the response time data, CTR, and participants’ fatigue and workload are able to be measured and it will be discussed that whether simulated micro-break prevent CTR from decreasing or reduce participants’ fatigue and workload.1) Kimi Ueda, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hirotake Ishii, Fumiaki Obayashi, Kazuhiro Taniguchi: Development of a New Cognitive Task to Measure Intellectual Concentration Affected by Room Environment, The Fifth International Conference on Human-Environment System, 2016.
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Hanada, Satoshi, Koji Ito, and Kenji Mashio. "US-APWR Human System Interface System Verification and Validation Program for Digital I&C Design." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29928.
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The US-APWR, currently under Design Certification review by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, is a four loop evolutionary pressurized water reactor with a four train active safety system applied by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The digital Instrumentation and Control (I&C) System and Human Systems Interface (HSI) system are to be applied to the US-APWR. This design is currently being applied to the latest Japanese PWR plant and to nuclear power plant I&C modernization program in Japan. The US-APWR digital I&C and HSI system (HSIS) utilizes computerized systems, including computer-based procedures and alarm prioritization, relying principally on an HSIS with soft controls, console based visual display units (VDUs) and a large, heads up, overview display panel. Conventional hard-wired controls are limited to system level manual actions and a Diverse Actuation System (DAS). The overall design philosophy of the US-APWR is based on the concept that operator performance will be enhanced through the integration of safety and non-safety display and control systems in a robust digital environment. This philosophy is augmented, for diversity, by the application of independent safety soft displays and controls. In addition, non-digital diverse automatic and manual actuation system is introduced. As with all the advanced designs, the digital systems open as many questions as they answer. To address these new questions, for an eight week period during the months of July and August 2008, an extensive verification and validation (V&V) program was completed with the objective of assessing US operators’ performance in this digital design environment. (Robert E. Hall et al., 2008, “US-APWR Human Systems Interface System V&V Results: Impact on Digital I&C Design”, 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE17-75176) [1] Over this time period, U.S. operating crews were subjected to exercise in Mitsubishi dynamic simulator. To follow up above mentioned V&V activities, additional test during the months of this spring in 2009 has been carried out to resolve human engineering discrepancies (HEDs) induced from the previous evaluation and the participants’ comments and performance. Subjective and objective data were collected on each crew for each scenario and an extensive convergent measures analysis was performed, resulting in the identification of both specific design as well as generic conclusions. This paper discusses the digital HSIS of the US-APWR design, the V&V program data collection and analysis, and the study results related to the ongoing discussion of the impacts of digital systems on human performance, such as workload, navigation, situation awareness, operator training and licensing.
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Artmann, G., R. Grebe, H. Wolff, R. Degenhardt, and H. Schmid-SchÖnbein. "NOVEL TECHIQUES FOR QUANTIFICATION OF RBC-SHAPE (RS) AND SHEAR INDUCED RBC ELONGATION (SIRE): APPLICATION FOR ANALYSIS OF DRUG INDUCED ALTERATIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644217.
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In the past, red cell resting shape could only be assessed by subjective scaling, red cell deformability by a variety of rheological tests that are extremelydifficult to standardize and which all subject the RBC to high deforming forces. None of the latter have been accepted as reference in haematology, haemorheologyor pharmacology. A recent development from our group now allows objective, numerical analysis of red cell membrane curvature (i.e. the echinocytic or stomatocytic deviation from the discocytic resting shape) by a tangent count procedure in optical sections through freely suspended, randomly oriented RBC: (Grebe et al. Biorheology 22(6), 1985). Also, the deformation of point attached erythrocytes under the influence of extremely low shear stresses (0.05 Pa to 0.5 Pa, ARTOANN:Clin. Hemorheology 6, 1986), which are at least two orders of magnitude lower thanthat in any routinely available filtration method allows for the first time to model in vitro the extreme low flow states that occur in severe forms of haemodynamic insufficiency. These two methods in combination are ideally suited for routine tests of drug effects on normal human RBC: the drug action on RS can be monitored continuously during the action of drugs in the suspending medium; likewise, RISA can be recorded automatically on one population of adherent RBC while altering the composition and the drug concentration in the superfusate. The two methods were applied in combination to test rheological and membranological effects of two distinctly different compounds, namely Bencyclan (Bencylan-Hydrogen-Fumarate) and Vinpocitin (Aethyl vincamin) in normal cells and in cells after exposure to "stress conditions", i.e. hyperosmolarity and lactacidosis. Both olrugs given to n o r m a 1 RBC produce stomatocytosis in a done dependent fashion (1-100 uMolar). At shear stresses above o.6 Pa, the RISA is identical to controls, but is oxmsiderably less pronounced at lower shear stresses (T < 0.2 Pa). Thus, drugs of completely olifferent pharmacological action produce clear cut rheological effects on RBC in the micrcmolar concentration range; the combination of methods employed opens new possibilities for the systematic development of haemorheologically active drugs.Supported by DFG:Grant Gr 902/1-1