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Chie, Ho Hwi, Januar Nasution, Ketut Gita Ayu, Nike Septivani, and Yualfin Renaldi. "Porcelain Product Quality Analysis in PT XYZ." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 6, no. 4 (2015): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v6i4.2195.
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PT. XYZ is a company engaged in manufacturing porcelain dinner ware such as plates, cups, teapot, bowl, etc Porcelain product is safe for use and product defect will only affect the aesthetic not the functional side. The company always maintain the quality of the products produced as by maintaining a good product, in terms of visuals, will keep customers interested in the product. Good quality products characterized by quality A / B and C, and the product defect characterized by the quality of D, Lost, and BU. Concepts and methods used to analyze is a statistical process control (SPC) which includes Pareto diagram, fraction nonconformities, flow charts and fishbone diagrams and management tools (fault tree analysis). Statistical Process Control (SPC) is one of the methods, which includes Pareto charts, fraction nonconformities, flow chart, and fishbone diagram and also management tools (fault tree analysis). SPC is useful to find the facts from the problems and factors that affect the quality of the products, while fault tree analysis is useful to analyze each of the production process.
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Ahammed, Rubel, and Md Zahid Hasan. "Humming noise reduction of ceiling fan in the mass production applying DMAIC-six sigma approach." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 1 (2020): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-07-2020-0329.
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Purpose Success and business reputation depend upon the quality of products where product quality depends upon the capability of a process, yield value and sigma score, etc. Poor quality of ceiling fan and mass rejection from quality check resulted in an alarming amount of cost for rework. As a result, the fulfillment of the production target was getting difficult day by day. The main purpose of this research is to identify the crucial causes for humming noise of ceiling fans and control it to a tolerable level so that maximum quality can be achieved. Design/methodology/approach The poor quality of ceiling fans was determined from the Pareto analysis of the define, measure, analyze, improve and control model which was humming noise during running and further actions were undertaken regarding the reduction of the humming noise. Project charter was formed before initiating the measure phase to study the suppliers, inputs, processes, outputs and customers diagram with process parameters and existing noise data were collected from random samples to determine the rolled throughput yield (94.95% existing) and existing sigma score which value of 3.14 and also the poor value (1.05) of process potential index implied that the process condition was below standard (<1.33) and need to be improved badly. Then root causes analysis and relationship diagram was prepared to identify the possible causes and with the design of experiments and correlation analysis, it was clear that the air gap between the stator and rotor was the main culprit behind the humming noise. Findings The minimum value of air gap was determined from boxplot analysis which was 0.2 mm–0.225 mm and the corresponding mean, the minimum and maximum value of sound level in dB (37.5–40.3 dB) for 0.225 mm air gap with the watt consumption (83 w) from the hypothesis test for the corresponding air gap. Finally, the updated sigma score and process capability analysis were performed with control charts to show the comparison after applying the DMAIC-six sigma methodology. The final sigma score was 5.1 which indicates a significant improvement of the process with the capability of saving US$23,438/year caused by the poor quality of ceiling fans. Practical implications Only quantitative values of the causes behind the humming noise were possible to identify. Other trivial many causes elimination might improve the sigma score closer to 6.00. The final sigma score that was achieved from this research was sustainable. Originality/value A structural approach with proper data analysis and application of various tools to detect the actual cause behind the humming noise of ceiling fans with numerical value has not been found in any literature. This research study can be a valuable asset for ceiling fan mass producers.
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Antony, Jiju, E. V. Gijo, Vikas Kumar, and Abhijeet Ghadge. "A multiple case study analysis of Six Sigma practices in Indian manufacturing companies." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 8 (2016): 1138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-10-2014-0157.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the fundamental barriers/challenges, benefits, commonly used tools and techniques, organisational infrastructure and impact on organisational performance in three Indian manufacturing companies. Design/methodology/approach A multi-case study analysis using the exploratory case study research was adopted by the authors to obtain a deeper insight into the Six Sigma implementation within three distinctive manufacturing organisations in India. Interviews were conducted with relevant staff (Six Sigma Deployment Champions, Six Sigma Master Black Belts and Six Sigma Black Belts) in all three companies. Findings Some of the barriers in implementing and sustaining Six Sigma identified from the case studies include: lack of accuracy of data generated from the processes, lack of understanding of the benefits of Six Sigma in the early stages of its adoption, high-attrition rate of Six Sigma Black Belts and so on. The benefits of Six Sigma included improvement of process yield, reduction of rework and rejection, reduction of raw material inventory, improved on-time delivery, on-time availability of material for production and so on. Supplier-input-process-output-customer, cause and effect diagram, process mapping, hypothesis tests (two sample test, F-test, etc.), control charts (X-bar-R chart, individual chart, etc.), simple graphical tools such as histograms, box plots and dot plots were the most commonly used tools of Six Sigma across the companies that participated for this research. All three companies have reported that Six Sigma had a positive impact on organisational performance and moreover the study also revealed that Six Sigma had positive impact on customer satisfaction, return-on-investment, productivity and product quality. Research limitations/implications The study was carried out in three Indian companies and therefore the findings cannot be generalised. The authors are extending the study to three more companies and the findings will be reported in the forthcoming months. Practical implications The findings of the study provide a good foundation to understand the fundamental barriers, benefits, commonly used tools and whether Six Sigma is having any impact on business performance in the Indian context. Very few empirical studies have been carried out on Six Sigma implementation in the Indian manufacturing companies and this research sets an agenda for a number of studies to follow on in the forthcoming years. Originality/value In authors’ opinion, this is possibly one of the first multi-case empirical studies on Six Sigma implementation in the Indian manufacturing companies. The results of the study can be used to benchmark with similar studies in other countries to understand the good and bad management practices of Six Sigma implementation.
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AHMAD, RAHMAWATY, RESMAWAN RESMAWAN, and DEWI RAHMAWATY ISA. "ANALISIS STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI JUMLAH PRODUK CACAT DI PABRIK ROTI THE LI NO’U BAKERY." Jambura Journal of Probability and Statistics 1, no. 1 (2020): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jjps.v1i1.4578.
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Quality control is a technical and management activity which measures the quality characteristics of a product or service. Statistical quality control can be used to find production errors that result in defective products so that further corrective action can be taken to overcome them. The objective to be achieved in this research is to determine the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method with pareto diagrams, control charts, cause and effect diagrams and 5W+1H analysis applied to The Li No'u Bakery in controlling quality to minimize failed products. The data in this study were obtained through direct observation and field interviews. Data analysis tools used are control charts, pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams and 5W + 1H analysis. Through a cause and effect diagram, the main factors causing the failure of bakery products at The Li No'u Bakery are manufacturers/employees. This is because the operator fails in making bakery products both the preparation of raw materials, the production process and packaging. So training is needed on making the dough, how to put bread and how to covenant and employee order according to the standard of The Li No'u Bakery.
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Hignasari, L. Virginayoga. "Tinjauan Teoritis Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Hasil Industri Dengan Metode Statistik." Jurnal Ilmiah Vastuwidya 3, no. 1 (2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jiv.v3i1.97.
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This study was aimed to determine the quality control process of an industrial product with theoretical statistical methods. This research was a qualitative research with literature study method. Data obtained from several studies that take samples in the field of goods industry. The data obtained was then analyzed and described descriptively. The quality of a product was one of the basic decisions of consumers to be satisfied with the products they buy according to their wishes and expectations. Statistical quality control was a problem solving technique that was used as a monitor, controller, analyzer, manager and improve the process by using statistical methods. The quality control process of an industrial product with statistical methods was as follows: 1) Made Chech Sheets, 2) Made Pareto Diagrams, 3) Made Control Charts, 4) Made Cause and Effect Diagrams, 5) Made Failure Mode Effect Anlaysis (FMEA) table.
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Zach, Martin. "Applicable quality management tools in a production cycle of a selected company." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 1 (2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i1.3295.
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The paper deals with quality control in a Czech manufacturing company, especially at its quality department. The objective is to define the identified production failures, using selected quality management tools, and to determine the causes of technological problems. The following methods and tools were used: cause and effect analysis—Fishbone diagrams (Ishikawa diagrams); Pareto charts, flowcharts and others methods, whose results have been visually displayed. Based on a detail analysis of the production failures, the proposal to eliminate them as well as a draft implementation of the corrective action and its effect on enhancing quality in the production company are presented. The elements such as frequency of controls, adherence to regular inspections and replacement of filters in air conditioning units, cleaning and compliance with the work rules were monitored, as these elements have an impact on product quality and customer satisfaction. The implementation of the corrective actions and the related financial estimate are presented.
 
 Keywords: Quality, production process, quality management tools, quality management, implementation, Pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, safety.
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Plourde, Collin L., William T. Varnado, Barbara J. Gleaton, and Devika G. Das. "Reducing Infusion Clinic Wait Times Using Quality Improvement." JCO Oncology Practice 16, no. 8 (2020): e807-e813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.19.00643.
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PURPOSE: Long wait times are a common occurrence for chemotherapy infusion patients and are a source of decreased patient satisfaction. Our facility sought to decrease outpatient infusion clinic wait times by 20% using the Model for Improvement, quality improvement tools, and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team was formed to address clinic wait times. Patient interviews, time studies, process mapping, brainstorming sessions, affinity diagrams, fishbone diagrams, and surveys were used to define the problem and to develop an intervention. Wait times from check-in until medication administration were analyzed using statistical process control charts. Our Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle led to the addition of a “fast-track” clinic title for patients not waiting for laboratory results on the day of treatment and changes in clinic communication. The fast-track clinic signaled for those patients to have priority for vital sign collection and earlier notification to pharmacy to begin preparing medications. RESULTS: Baseline wait times for patients not requiring laboratories on the day of treatment averaged 1 hour and 33 minutes. After intervention, using statistical process control charts, a shift was observed with a new average wait time of 1 hour and 12 minutes (a 23% decrease). Wait times for patients requiring laboratories on the day of treatment did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a fast-track clinic title and improving communication resulted in a significant reduction in wait times for patients not requiring laboratories on the day of treatment. Future efforts will focus on sustainment and improving wait times for all patients.
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Bates, Katherine E., Jean Connor, Nikhil K. Chanani, et al. "Quality Improvement Basics: A Crash Course for Pediatric Cardiac Care." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 10, no. 6 (2019): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135119881393.
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Background: Lack of knowledge of quality improvement (QI) methodology and change management principles can explain many of the difficulties encountered when trying to develop effective QI initiatives in health care. Methods: An interactive QI workshop at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society provided an overview of the role of QI in health care, basic QI frameworks and tools, and leadership and organizational culture pitfalls. The top five QI projects submitted to the meeting were later presented to an expert QI panel in a separate session to illustrate examples of QI principles. Results: Workshop presenters introduced two major QI methodologies used to design QI projects. Important first steps include identifying a problem, forming a multidisciplinary team, and developing an aim statement. Key driver diagrams were highlighted as an important tool to develop a project’s framework. Several diagnostic tools used to understand the problem were discussed, including the “5 Why’s,” cause-and-effect charts, and process flowcharts. The importance of outcome, process, and balancing measures was emphasized. Identification of interventions, the value of plan-do-study-act cycles to fuel continuous QI, and use of statistical process control, including run charts or control charts, were reviewed. The importance of stakeholder engagement, transparency, and sustainability was discussed. Later, the top five QI projects presented highlighted multiple “QI done well” practices discussed during the preconference QI workshop. Conclusions: Understanding QI methodology and appropriately applying basic QI tools are pivotal steps to realizing meaningful and sustained improvement.
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Park, Chanseok, and Min Wang. "A Study on the X ¯ and S Control Charts with Unequal Sample Sizes." Mathematics 8, no. 5 (2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8050698.
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The control charts based on X ¯ and S are widely used to monitor the mean and variability of variables and can help quality engineers identify and investigate causes of the process variation. The usual requirement behind these control charts is that the sample sizes from the process are all equal, whereas this requirement may not be satisfied in practice due to missing observations, cost constraints, etc. To deal with this situation, several conventional methods were proposed. However, some methods based on weighted average approaches and an average sample size often result in degraded performance of the control charts because the adopted estimators are biased towards underestimating the true population parameters. These observations motivate us to investigate the existing methods with rigorous proofs and we provide a guideline to practitioners for the best selection to construct the X ¯ and S control charts when the sample sizes are not equal.
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Zhang, Yin Zi, Liang Cai Cai, and Min Fan. "Schedule Management of Airport Flying Area Construction Based on BIM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 2653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.2653.
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Airport flying area construction is a complex dynamic process. Its typical features including: complex construction process, large construction area, underground pipe trench interwoven and so on. Traditional construction schedule management of airport flying area is based on Gantt charts and network diagrams, which is generated before the construction, not supporting real-time updates. A preliminary exploration of BIM-based schedule management in airport flying area engineering is conducted. Using Civil3D,Revit, Navisworks and MS Project software, the construction image progress model can be established. Manager also can achieve laying on the type of runway, the number of layers, daily progress charts and updates, and to achieve global control so as to improve management efficiency and management quality.
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Maulida Arianti, Silvia, Emy Rahmawati, and RR Yulianti Prihatiningrum. "PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL ANALYSIS USING STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL (SQC) ON MARINE WORKS IN BUSINESS AMPLANG SAMARINDA." International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research 6, no. 1 (2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2020.6110.
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Purpose of the study: The objectives of this study are: (i) To analyze the quality control of the products applied to the amplang Karya Bahari business based on Statistical Quality Control (SQC) tools, (ii) To find out and analyze what factors cause product damage/disability amplang work at the Maritime business in Samarinda.
 Methodology: This research uses quantitative methods discretionary quantitative research method that is research that is used to Investigate, find, describe, and explain the quality or features of social influences that can’t be explained or Described measured through a quantitative approach. The operational definitions of this research are (i) Quality control processes, (ii) Quality control measures. Types and sources of the data the primary use of data Obtained directly from the object of research. Data collection techniques are (i) observation, (ii) interviews, (iii) documentation, (iv) laboratory tests. Analysis of the Data used are: (i) collecting the data (check sheet), (ii) a histogram, (iii) making control charts, (iv) the causal diagrams, (v) the proposed improvements.
 Main Findings: The results of the study suggest that Maritime work is applied to the already on the limit of control. It can be seen at chart, upper control limit (UCL) of 1 and the lower control limit (LCL) of 0.3362 under controlled conditions or reasonable limits, but in reality, they are experiencing product damage or defect in the production of amplang processing.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is expected to be an additional reference for studies in the field production related to analysis quality control (quality control) and product quality by using Statistics Quality Control. This study is expected to provide information for the company about procedure control in keeping a quality product that will be produced.
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César Vasconcelos Barros, Cláudio, and Jonas Gomes da Silva. "Stencil control in the automatic insertion of a PIM Company." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 10 (2020): 417–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss10.2697.
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The article evaluated the control of Stencil in the subprocess of Printing of the SMD line of a company located in the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM), to provide subsidies to develop a computerized system. With computerization, the focus of employees will be directed to the activities of production and quality of manufactured products, also, the collection of process data, done in real-time, will allow managers to better monitor and take actions in the process. To this end, a case study, bibliographic research of articles, dissertations, and theses involving the theme, and documentary research (forms, records, etc.) with the sectors involved were used. The descriptive statistics method was applied, quality tools were used, aimed at identifying and solving problems such as PDCA, Pareto, Ishikawa Diagram, flow chart, and 5W2H. A study of the activities related to the control of the Stencil was carried out, of the documentation used in the process, as well as of the factors and causes related to the effective Stencil control. Among the results, 24 causes affect the performance of the Stencil control, concluding that the main failures were human, due to the prioritization of production goals by the employees, leaving the other activities in the background, which is why the 24 guidelines proposed for the computerization of this process become relevant, some of which are: defining means to identify each Stencil using a bar code or QR code; do not allow the use of the Stencil if one of the activities unfinished in the process; stop production when an activity is not performed; digitize the documents used in this process; create an automatic notification to those responsible, when an action is necessary, etc.
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SHMANYOV, Timofey M., Victoria I. ULYANITSKAYA, and Marina S. PUKHOVA. "Improving the Oktyabrskaya Railway passenger complex performance with a decision-making algorithm using analytical quality tools." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, no. 2 (2021): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-2-188-200.
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bjective: Development of an instrument to form measures aimed at improving and monitoring their im- plementation, which will consider deviations from the specified parameters. The formation instrument is regarded as a complete set of elements for performing a function by systematizing a set of units (objects, phenomena), i. e., step-by-step application of tools compiled into a single algorithm. Methods: The main tools for analyzing and managing the passenger complex during ongoing activities are: Pareto chart, cause & effect diagram (Ishikawa), correlation, risk management (3-map method), strategic management (X-matrix), etc. Results: The study has revealed that the formation instrument consists of a sequence of systematic forecasting and evaluation of the algorithm of sequential operations: statistics, analysis, risk calculation, verification, control, etc. It has been established that it is necessary to strive for the ability to achieve a given parameter of the process stability in the passenger complex avoiding critical devia- tions from the desired result. Practical importance: Using the example of the 2019/2020 Oktyabrskaya Railway passenger complex winterization, the apparently universal principle of using the formation in- strument has been demonstrated. This principle can be not only applied to other passenger complex pro- cesses but also used in the processes of other facilities in the Russian Railways network.
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Candrawati, Angela Ayu Dewi, and I. Nyoman Nurcaya. "ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK TELUR ASIN PADA UD. SARI LUWIH DI DESA PADANG LUWIH." E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana 9, no. 6 (2020): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2020.v09.i06.p14.
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Good quality in the production process, with predetermined standards will minimize damaged products. The study was conducted at UD. Sari Luwih is a manufacturing and trading company that processes and sells salted egg products. This study aims to determine the quality control system of salted egg production processes at UD. Sari Luwih is optimal or not. Research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The sampling method is by census technique. The data used in this study, is the data on the number of damaged salted egg products in the period from October to November 2019 with a sample of 37,500 eggs saturated. The analysis technique used is statistical quality control (SQC) using Check sheets, P-charts, Fishbone diagrams, and Quality cost. The results of the analysis using the P-chart show the amount of product damage that is beyond the control limits and requires more control, whereas for quality costs in 2019, the company's actual cost of quality is Rp. 21,210,696.89 is greater than the optimum quality cost where the cost is Rp. 17,389,652.10 shows that the cost of quality control has not yet reached the optimal level.
 Keywords: quality cost; quality; statistical quality control; SQC.
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Wagar, Elizabeth A., Ron Phipps, Robert Del Guidice, et al. "Inpatient Preanalytic Process Improvements." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 12 (2013): 1753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0458-oa.
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Context.—Phlebotomy services are a common target for preanalytic improvements. Many new, quality engineering tools have recently been applied in clinical laboratories. However, data on relatively few projects have been published. This example describes a complete application of current, quality engineering tools to improve preanalytic phlebotomy services. Objectives.—To decrease the response time in the preanalytic inpatient laboratory by 25%, to reduce the number of incident reports related to preanalytic phlebotomy, and to make systematic process changes that satisfied the stakeholders. Design.—The Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Services Section, at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) is responsible for inpatient phlebotomy in a 24-hour operation, which serves 689 inpatient beds. The study director was project director of the Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine's Quality Improvement Section and was assisted by 2 quality technologists and an industrial engineer from MD Anderson Office of Performance Improvement. Results.—After implementing each solution, using well-recognized, quality tools and metrics, the response time for blood collection decreased by 23%, which was close to meeting the original responsiveness goal of 25%. The response time between collection and arrival in the laboratory decreased by 8%. Applicable laboratory-related incident reports were reduced by 43%. Conclusions.—Comprehensive application of quality tools, such as statistical control charts, Pareto diagrams, value-stream maps, process failure modes and effects analyses, fishbone diagrams, solution prioritization matrices, and customer satisfaction surveys can significantly improve preset goals for inpatient phlebotomy.
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Kajornkasirat, Siriwan, Jareeporn Ruangsri, Charuwan Sumat, and Pete Intaramontri. "Online Analytics for Shrimp Farm Management to Control Water Quality Parameters and Growth Performance." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 5839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115839.
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An online analytic service system was designed as a web and a mobile application for shrimp farmers and shrimp farm managers to manage the growth performance of shrimp. The MySQL database management system was used to manage the shrimp data. The Apache Web Server was used for contacting the shrimp database, and the web content displays were implemented with PHP script, JavaScript, and HTML5. Additionally, the program was linked with Google Charts to display data in various graphs, such as bar graphs and scatter diagrams, and Google Maps API was used to display water quality factors that are related to shrimp growth as spatial data. To test the system, field survey data from a shrimp farm in southern Thailand were used. Growth performance of shrimp and water quality data were collected from 13 earthen ponds in southern peninsular Thailand, located in the Surat Thani, Krabi, Phuket, and Satun provinces. The results show that the system allowed administrators to manage shrimp and farm data from the field sites. Both mobile and web applications were accessed by the users to manage the water quality factors and shrimp data. The system also provided the data analysis tool required to select a parameter from a list box and shows the association between water quality factors and shrimp data with a scatter diagram. Furthermore, the system generated a report of shrimp growth for the different farms with a line graph overlay on Google Maps™ in the data entry suite via mobile application. Online analytics for the growth performance of shrimp as provided by this system could be useful as decision support tools for effective shrimp farming.
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Amrina, Uly, and Helmy Firmansyah. "Analysis of Defect and Quality Improvement for O Ring Product Through Applying DMAIC Methodology." Jurnal PASTI 13, no. 2 (2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/pasti.2019.v13i2.003.
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To control the quality of a product to meet standards, a reliable measurable technique is needed with the company's business strategy. This research raises case studies identifying quality problems and effective ways of improvement of O Ring products using DMAIC (Define-Measures-Analyse-Improve-Control) quality control methods. Company X found the problem in the form of an average O Ring product defect ratio reaching 1.50% (the company's target is 1.30%). DMAIC is a systematic methodology that focuses on the key factors that control the performance of a process, set it at the best level and keep it at that level. Statistical tools combined with quality principles are applied to each of the DMAIC phases. In the define phase, flowcharts, critical to quality trees, and voice of customer lists are used which produce five types of defects in curing process. In the measure phase, the sigma value combined with pareto diagram are used and shows that the current sigma value is 4,178 with the biggest defect is flow-mark for the O Ring type ZZ00000123. In phase analysis, the root causes of the problem are searched using the why-why analysis and cause-effect diagrams and finds out that the causes are un-sticky rubber tip and unstandardized rubber cutting length. In the improve phase, DOE-based experiments are conducted to get the ideal rubber tip and cutting length conditions. Finally, the work standard is revised in the control phase and monitored by check sheets and control charts. The result of this DMAIC implementation was the O Ring products defect dropped to 0.83% and the sigma value rose to 4,363.Keywords: quality, DMAIC, O Ring, defect, sigma, standard
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Lampreia, Suzana, José Requeijo, and Victor Lobo. "Diesel engine vibration monitoring based on a statistical model." MATEC Web of Conferences 211 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821103007.
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There are various causes for vibrations on diesel engines. The engine vibrations depend not only on the present state of the engine, but also on the fuel quality, the environmental conditions (sea state in the case of shipborne engines), type of casing, other equipment in the vicinity, etc. The engines used for this study are installed aboard a ship, and the main aim is to use modified control charts to assess the condition of the engine and recommend corrective measures when necessary. An important issue to do this correctly is choosing the right places to measure vibration. The collected data is vibration at various engine power levels, measured at various points. The engine’s fault history is taken into consideration, but proved to be almost irrelevant. By using modified control charts, the engine vibrations can be estimated, and faults can be detected and classified so as to take corrective actions. In this study we followed a methodology that is slightly different from our previous work, and achieved good results.
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Young, Stanley Ernest, Elham Sharifi, Christopher M. Day, and Darcy M. Bullock. "Visualizations of Travel Time Performance Based on Vehicle Reidentification Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2646, no. 1 (2017): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2646-10.
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This paper provides a visual reference of the breadth of arterial performance phenomena based on travel time measures obtained from reidentification technology that has proliferated in the past 5 years. These graphical performance measures are revealed through overlay charts and statistical distribution as revealed through cumulative frequency diagrams (CFDs). With overlays of vehicle travel times from multiple days, dominant traffic patterns over a 24-h period are reinforced and reveal the traffic behavior induced primarily by the operation of traffic control at signalized intersections. A cumulative distribution function in the statistical literature provides a method for comparing traffic patterns from various time frames or locations in a compact visual format that provides intuitive feedback on arterial performance. The CFD may be accumulated hourly, by peak periods, or by time periods specific to signal timing plans that are in effect. Combined, overlay charts and CFDs provide visual tools with which to assess the quality and consistency of traffic movement for various periods throughout the day efficiently, without sacrificing detail, which is a typical byproduct of numeric-based performance measures. These methods are particularly effective for comparing before-and-after median travel times, as well as changes in interquartile range, to assess travel time reliability.
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Wicaksono, Bayu Arif, and Wiwik Sulistiyowati. "Penentuan Faktor – Faktor Berpengaruh Terhadap Kualitas Kuat Tekan Bata Ringan Dengan Metode Statistical Process Control (SPC) Dan Metode Taguchi." PROZIMA (Productivity, Optimization and Manufacturing System Engineering) 1, no. 1 (2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/prozima.v1i1.706.
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PT.Viccon Modren Industries is a company engaged in the brick industry light . Problems often arise during the process of making light brick is a lightweight brick compressive strength is not in accordance with company standards for ˃3,50 N / mm² , so the quality is not optimal light brick . In an effort to overcome these problems , it is necessary to control the production of Online Quality Control with Statistical Process Control methods to identify the root of the problems that occur in the production of lightweight brick . Statistical tools in Statistical Process Control methods include check sheets , Pareto charts , cause-effect diagrams , and maps control p . Then the data Statistical Process Control is integrated with the Taguchi method as Offline Quality Control to be used as a parameter in determining the factors that have significant influence in the optimization of compressive strength of lightweight brick. Based on the research showed that the factors significantly influence the light brick compressive strength is the amount of cement and gypsum number . Combination level of the factors that resulted in the average value and variance of compressive strength of lightweight brick that is optimal is the same , namely the setting factor water volume at level 2 for 150 Liter ( A2 ) , factor the amount of silica sand on level 2 of 550 Kg ( B2 ), cement jumalah factor on level 3 of 350 Kg ( C3 ) , as well as gypsum julah factor on level 3 of 300 Kg ( D3 ). Keywords : compressive strength , Statistical Process Control , Taguchi Methods.
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Sharma, Rajiv, and Manjeet Kharub. "Attaining competitive positioning through SPC – an experimental investigation from SME." Measuring Business Excellence 18, no. 4 (2014): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-10-2013-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework which connects theory with straightforward application of statistical process control (SPC) in discovering and analyzing causes of variation to eliminate quality problems, which not only helps small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to improve their processes but also helps to attain competitive positioning. Design/methodology/approach – Based on theory and methodological framework, an experimental study has been presented. Use of histograms, X (bar) and R control charts and process capability plots and cause-and-effect diagrams have been made to analyse the assignable causes. A case from an SME engaged in machining of automotive parts is investigated. Findings – The results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPC in evaluating and eliminating quality problems. The machine capability (CP) and the process capability (CPk) values are also obtained to know inherent variation in the process. If these quality tools are applied with management support and apt knowledge, attained through proper training and motivation, then in this cut-throat competitive world, SMEs can establish their market position by enhancing the quality and productivity of their products/processes. Practical limitations/implications – From the study, the authors conclude that application of SPC requires thorough preparation, management commitment and human resource management through proper training, teamwork and motivation embedded with a sound measurement and control system. Originality/value – The present study bridges the gap between theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework and providing a practical support by illustrating a case from an SME engaged in machining of automotive parts.
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Toirov, Olimjon, Tulyagan Kamalov, Utkir Mirkhonov, Sardor Urokov, and Dilnoza Jumaeva. "The mathematical model and a block diagram of a synchronous motor compressor unit with a system of automatic control of the excitation." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801083.
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The general requirements for the automatic excitation control system of synchronous motors of a compressor unit are shown, taking into account its operating modes. A mathematical model is presented, a block diagram of the excitation circuits of a synchronous motor of a compressor unit and an exciter, which characterizes the feedback of the internal properties of this part of the system in dynamics. A block diagram of a closed-loop automatic excitation control system is obtained, taking into account the elasticity of the mechanical part and a hard blow in the compressor gas pipeline. The obtained structural diagrams make it possible to determine the transfer functions of the considered system in terms of control and disturbing influences, the characteristic equation, as well as the dependencies of various frequency characteristics, which make it possible to investigate the dynamic indicators (stability, control quality, etc.) of the system.
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Stentsel, Yo I., and K. A. Litvinov. "Mathematical Models of Conservative Objects of Control." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2020.30-36.
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Trend analysis and record charts different technological parameter in the heat power, chemical and oil refining industry showed, that most of them are oscillatory in nature. In order to reduce the amplitude of the oscillations, filters are used, and for the actual value of the measured quantity — their average value. Research has found, that the oscillatory-pulse nature of trends and diagrams of measured values is observed in multi-parameter technological objects of control, which have valve valve strapping on both input and output material, heat or energy flows. It is shown that valve-type regulating organs, which are used in automatic control systems, together with the technological apparatus create partial objects, which work on a conservative type. This creates new dynamic objects with three or more private conservative systems, which together create a complex multi-parameter technological control object with the oscillatory-pulse nature of the measured parameters. It was found that in many cases for such complex objects of control the average value of the measured parameter, defined with the trend, can differ significantly from its actual value. This leads to the appearance of significant measurement errors, and consequently, to an incorrect assessment of the quality of manufactured products. The task is to study the causes of the appearance of such vibrational-pulse systems, their properties, deviations of average readings along the trend from the actual value of the measured parameter, and also develop methods for reducing measurement errors. The paper presents mathematical and physical models of such conservative control systems, obtained on the basis of the theory of rheological transformations, as well as the results of their research. It is shown that the vibrational-pulse trends of the measurement parameters are a set of angular frequencies of private objects, the sum of which creates an oscillatory-pulse form of the signals of the measuring parameters.
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Hadidi, Laith A., Abdulaziz Bubshait, and Suleiman Khreishi. "Six Sigma for improving aesthetic defects in aluminum profiles facility." Facilities 35, no. 3/4 (2017): 242–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a quality plan to detect aesthetic defects in extruded aluminum profiles before the fabrication stage based on the Six Sigma improvement methodology in an aluminum facility. These defects are hard to be detected at the fabrication stage. It is also hard to be fixed in the site. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology utilized the DMAIC framework (define, measure, analyze, improve and control). The methodology relies on statistical analysis (histogram, control charts and Pareto) and field work (observations, focus groups and interviews). Findings The process shows significant improvement in aesthetic defect reduction that aids in reaching a Four Sigma quality level. Practical implications Aluminum fabrication is known to be vulnerable for many types of defects such as scratches and debris on work surface. In addition, post-fabrication defects may also occur due to improper coating caused by chemical imbalance, blocked filters or blocked sprays. Originality/value The main contribution of this research is to demonstrate the use of DMAIC framework to reduce the aluminum aesthetic defects that reach the end customer. The Six Sigma methodology is a well-known quality improvement framework that relies heavily on quantitative data. More precisely, it is widely used to control defects in quantities such as weights, heights, etc. In this research, it has been used to control qualitative data (aesthetic). This will enable objective decisions for facility management rather than subjective.
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Goffinet, Martin C., Mary Jean Welser, Alan N. Lakso, and Robert M. Pool. "191 Structure and Development of Cultivated Grapevines in the Northeastern United States." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 475B—475. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.475b.
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Northeastern U.S. grape growers have become more knowledgeable about many aspects of grape production, including pruning and training, canopy management, nutritional recommendations, pest and disease management strategies, vineyard floor management, etc. Important to all these aspects is a firm understanding of vine structure and development. Yet, there is no current publication on vine growth and development that growers and researchers can consult to gain an understanding of the organs, tissues, and developmental processes that contribute to growth and production of quality vines in the northeastern U.S. climate. A concerted effort is underway to secure enough information on how vines are constructed, grow, and develop in the northeast so that a publication useful to a wide audience can be produced. Our objective is to consolidate information already on hand that can help explain the internal and external structures of grapevines that are pertinent to the needs of northeast growers, to add information that is lacking by collecting and examining vine parts, and to work toward integrating vine structure with vine physiology and viticultural practices. Over the past decade, organs of various native American, French hybrid, and vinifera varieties have been collected from vineyards at Cornell's experiment stations and from growers' vineyards in the Finger Lakes and Lake Erie regions. Much quantitative data on vine development have been collected and interpreted. Lab work has included dissections of organs, histological and microscopic examination, microphotography, and the production of interpretive diagrams and charts. A list of the subject matter and examples of visual materials will be presented.
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Calkins, Thomas R., Ken Miller, and Mark I. Langdorf. "Success and Complication Rates with Prehospital Placement of an Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube as a Rescue Airway." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 2 (2006): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003423.
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AbstractIntroduction:Previous studies have proven the success of the EsophagealTracheal Combitube (ETC) as a primary airway, but not as a rescue airway.Objective:The object of this study was to observe success and complication rates of paramedic placement of an ETC as a rescue airway, and to compare success rates with endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation. The primary outcome indicator was placement with successful ventilation. Complication rates, esophageal placement, and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were secondary measures.Methods:A retrospective review of the records of patients who had ETC attempts by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was conducted for a period of three years. Complications were defined a priori. The ETC is used primarily as rescue airway for a failed attempt at an endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation. A control group for ETT placements was drawn from the EMS quality assurance (QA) database for the same period.Results:Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube insertion was attempted on 162 patients, of which, 113 (70%) were successful, 46 (28%) failed, and the outcome of three (2%) was not recorded. Inability to place the ETC occurred in 29 (18%) patients, and accounted for 48% (22/46) of failures. The use of the ETC caused dental trauma in one patient, and one placement of the ETC was related to the onset of subcutaneous emphysema. Blood in the ETC from active upper gatrointestinal bleeding occurred in nine patients (6%), and four tubes (3%) became dislodged en route to the hospital. The a priori complication rate was 44/162 (27%). Inability to determine placement of the ETC due to emesis from both ports occurred in 21 cases. Combining these problems with the a priori complications, the overall rate was 40% (65/162). EsophagealTracheal Combitube location was noted in a subset of 90 charts, of which, 76 (84%) were esophageal, and 14 (16%) were tracheal. Thirteen of 126 (10%) patients in cardiac arrest had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field after placement of the ETC. An ETT was attempted in 128 control patients, of which, 107 (84%) were successful, 21 (16%) failed (odds ratio (OR) for ETT vs. ETC = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.12–3.86).Conclusion:Despite a low ROSC rate, the complication and success rates of ETC are acceptable for a rescue airway device. Tracheal placement of the Combitube is uncommon, but requires fail-safe discrimination. Similar to previous reports, the success ratio for ETT was greater than for the ETC.
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Thull-Freedman, J., E. Pols, A. McFetridge, et al. "LO35: A province-wide quality improvement collaborative for treatment of children's pain in Alberta's emergency departments." CJEM 22, S1 (2020): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.90.
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Background: Pediatric pain is often under-treated in emergency departments (EDs), causing short and long-term harm. In Alberta EDs, children's pain outcomes were unknown. A recent quality improvement collaborative (QIC) led by our team improved children's pain care in 4 urban EDs. We then spread to all EDs in Alberta using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Framework for Going to Full Scale. Aim Statement: To increase the proportion of children <12 years who receive topical anesthetic before needle procedures from 11% to 50%; and for children <17 years with fractures: to 1) increase the proportion receiving analgesia from 31% to 50%; 2) increase the proportion with pain score documentation from 24% to 50%, and 3) reduce time to analgesia from 60 to 30 minutes, within 1 year. Measures & Design: All 97 EDs in Alberta that treat children were invited. Each was asked to form a project team, attend webinars, develop key driver diagrams and perform PDSA tests of change. Sites were given a monthly list of randomly selected charts for audit and entered data in REDCap for upload to a provincial run chart dashboard. Baseline performance measurement informed aims. Measures included proportion of children <12 years undergoing a lab test who received topical anesthetic, and for children <17 years with fracture, the proportion with a pain score, proportion receiving analgesia and median minutes to analgesia. Length of stay and use of opioids were balancing measures. Control charts were used to detect special cause. Interrupted time series (ITS) was performed to assess significance and trends. Evaluation/Results: 36 sites (37%) participated, including rural and urban sites from all regions. 8417 visits were audited. 23/36 sites completed audits before and after tests of change and were analyzed. Special cause occurred for all aims. The proportion receiving topical anesthetic increased from 11% to 30% (ITS p < 0. 001). For children with fractures, the proportion with pain scores increased from 24% to 34% (ITS p = 0.21, underlying trend present), proportion receiving analgesic medication increased from 31% to 39% (ITS p = 0.41, underlying trend present) and minutes to analgesia decreased from 60 to 28 (ITS p < 0. 01). There was no increase in length of stay or use of opioid medications. Discussion/Impact: A pragmatic approach encouraging locally led change was well-received and key to success. The QIC method shows promise for improving outcomes in diverse EDs across large geographic areas. Next steps include further spread and sustainability measurement.
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Aleem, Sohaib, William C. Torrey, Mathew S. Duncan, Shoshana J. Hort, and John N. Mecchella. "Depression screening optimization in an academic rural setting." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 28, no. 7 (2015): 709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-01-2015-0012.
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Purpose – Primary care plays a critical role in screening and management of depression. The purpose of this paper is to focus on leveraging the electronic health record (EHR) as well as work flow redesign to improve the efficiency and reliability of the process of depression screening in two adult primary care clinics of a rural academic institution in USA. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilized various process improvement tools from lean six sigma methodology including project charter, swim lane process maps, critical to quality tree, process control charts, fishbone diagrams, frequency impact matrix, mistake proofing and monitoring plan in Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control format. Interventions included change in depression screening tool, optimization of data entry in EHR. EHR data entry optimization; follow up of positive screen, staff training and EHR redesign. Findings – Depression screening rate for office-based primary care visits improved from 17.0 percent at baseline to 75.9 percent in the post-intervention control phase (p < 0.001). Follow up of positive depression screen with Patient History Questionnaire-9 data collection remained above 90 percent. Duplication of depression screening increased from 0.6 percent initially to 11.7 percent and then decreased to 4.7 percent after optimization of data entry by patients and flow staff. Research limitations/implications – Impact of interventions on clinical outcomes could not be evaluated. Originality/value – Successful implementation, sustainability and revision of a process improvement initiative to facilitate screening, follow up and management of depression in primary care requires accounting for voice of the process (performance metrics), system limitations and voice of the customer (staff and patients) to overcome various system, customer and human resource constraints.
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Kusyi, Yaroslav, Oleh Lychak, Volodymyr Topilnytskyy, and Miroslav Bošanský. "Development of the finishing and strengthening technological operations using SADT-technologies." Ukrainian journal of mechanical engineering and materials science 5, no. 3-4 (2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2019.03-04.057.
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The rational design of technological processes of parts manufacturing in single and small-scale production is inefficient without wide introduction of modern tools of part manufacturing automation with modern computer-based equipment and software. It is desirable to carry out of automated synthesis of single route technological processes with minimal influence of the operator on the technological environment. The technology of computer-aided design of technological processes is used to develop effective algorithms of functioning of adapted systems for control of technological processes and their implementation when taking into account interrelations with the technological environment. Automated development of technological environments of a given level of design concerning a dedicated technical system is possible on the basis of their rational functional models, created by means of CALS-technologies. The rational use of the SADT methodology with application of the principle of decomposition and development of the SADT-diagrams allows to solve the given technical problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop and study the vibrational-centrifugal surface strengthening at the finishing and hardening technological operation to provide the required quality parameters and operational characteristics of the parts. The object of this research is a finishing and hardening technological operation. The subject of this research is method and parameters of vibrational-centrifugal surface strengthening to provide the required quality parameters and operational characteristics of the parts. The development of SADT diagrams allows to divide the technological process to technological operations, cutter–setting positions, technological steps, main machining steps etc. In this paper the principles of control of technological operation for vibration-centrifugal strengthening of surfaces of parts are suggested. The experimental device for machining of inner surfaces of parts is described. The initial and detailed model of the operation of the vibrational-centrifugal strengthening is offered. Statistical and structural analysis of technological process made it possible to establish the influence of the parameters of the vibrational-centrifugal strengthening on the geometric and physical-mechanical parameters of the surface quality and associated operational characteristics. Further research in that field will be related on the development of practical recommendations for using of the vibrational-centrifugal surface treatment for improving of the geometric and physical and mechanical parameters of parts surfaces.
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Na, Liu. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HYBRID VEHICLE’S RECUPERATION BRAKING MODE." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 44 (November 30, 2020): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2020.44.182-187.
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The paper considers the synthesis of mathematical model of recuperation braking mode for hybrid vehicle as a complex control object. The results of computer simulation as diagrams of transients of different operating parameters of hybrid vehicle power system are obtained on the basis of developed model. The analysis of simulation results confirms the adequacy of the mathematic model of the recuperation braking mode of hybrid vehicle to real processes. The developed model can be used for synthesis of automatic control systems of the electric motors, power converters, power supplies and chargers for hybrid vehicles. Hematical and simulation models of the hybrid vehicle’s recuperation braking mode is carried out. The presented models are based on equations of physics of processes and allow to study the recuperation braking mode of the different types hybrid vehicles under various conditions and parameters values (initial linear vehicle’s speed, electrical power of generator, inclination angle and the quality of the road surface, etc.). The designed mathematical model has a rather high adequacy to the real processes, which take place in the hybrid vehicles in the recuperation braking mode, that is confirmed by the obtained simulation results in the form of graphs of transients of the main variables changes. Further research should be conducted towards the development of the functional structures, control devices as well as software and hardware for automatic control systems of the different types hybrid vehicles on the basis of the obtained mathematical and simulation models.
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Mishra, Pratima, and Rajiv Kumar Sharma. "A hybrid framework based on SIPOC and Six Sigma DMAIC for improving process dimensions in supply chain network." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 31, no. 5 (2014): 522–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-06-2012-0089.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a hybrid framework (suppliers, inputs, process, output and customers+define, measure, analyze, improve and control (SIPOC+DMAIC)) aimed at improving supply chain management (SCM) process dimensions in a supply chain (SC) network. Design/methodology/approach – Based upon the critical review of literature, process dimensions (average outgoing quality limit (AOQL), average outgoing quality (AOQ), process Z, defect per million opportunity) critical to SCM performance were identified. A framework consisting of three phases, i.e., design, implementation and results has been conceptualized and a case from paint industry is investigated. Implementation framework makes use of SIPOC model and Six Sigma DMAIC methodology. The goals of the study were achieved by using Six Sigma tools such as brainstorming sessions; root cause analysis, histograms, statistical tools such as control charts and process capability analysis. Findings – Authors made an attempt to propose a conceptual framework for improving process dimensions in a SC network. It is observed from the results that selection of appropriate strategies for improving process performance based upon experiences, and use of statistical tools by cross-functional teams with an effective coordination, guarantees success. Metrics such as AOQL shows the maximum worst possible defective or defect rate for the AOQ. Process Z helps to know about sigma capability of the process. Research limitations/implications – The framework so developed is tested in a single company manufacturing batches of paint. The study has important implications for the industry since it tries to integrate SCM process dimensions which would help in successful implementation of SCM practices in firm by following the DMAIC process. The framework enables the practitioners to investigate the process and demonstrate improvements using DMAIC which makes use of statistical tools. Originality/value – Although process dimensions related to SCM are critical to organization competitiveness, research so far has tended to focus on supply chain operations and reference model, balanced scorecard, total quality management, activity-based costing, just in time, etc., but in literature hardly any description of the SIPOC-DMAIC model to improve SCM process performance is provided. The use of statistics in DMAIC provides better insight into the process performance, and process control.
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Stafford, Jamie, Marco Aurelio, and Amar Shah. "Improving access and flow within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a collaborative learning system approach." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 4 (2020): e000832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000832.
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Long waiting times for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) have been linked to poorer outcomes for those seeking care. CAMHS teams in England have seen recent increases in referrals, resulting in challenging waiting times nationally. Although recent health policy has brought an increase in funding and staffing, it is believed that only 25% of those needing care receive it. Between trusts, there is considerable variation in waiting times, leaving many waiting longer than others waiting for care. East London Foundation Trust has been seen to have higher waiting times for CAMHS than other organisations across the country between June 2017 and September 2018, seven CAMHS teams were supported to use quality improvement (QI) as part of a collaborative learning system with the aim of improving access and flow. Each team was encouraged to understand their system using basic demand and capacity modelling alongside process mapping. From this teams created project aims, driver diagrams and used Plan Do Study Act cycles to test changes iteratively. Measurement and data were displayed on control charts to help teams learn from changes. Teams were brought together to help learn from each other and accelerate change through a facilitated collaborative learning system. Of the seven teams that began the collaborative learning system, six completed a project. Across the collaborative learning system collectively there were improvements in average waiting times for first, second and third appointments, and an improvement in the number of appointments cancelled. For the individual teams involved, three saw an improvement in their project outcome measures, two just saw improvements in their process measures and one did not see an improvement in any measure. In addition to service improvements, teams used the process to learn more about their pathway, engage with service users and staff, build QI capability and learn together.
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Suárez-Barraza, Manuel F., and Francisco G. Rodríguez-González. "Cornerstone root causes through the analysis of the Ishikawa diagram, is it possible to find them?" International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 11, no. 2 (2019): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-12-2017-0113.
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Purpose Some manufacturing and service organizations have made efforts to work on continuous improvement in the form of Kaizen, lean thinking, Six Sigma, etc. The elimination of problems and waste (MUDA for the Japanese) plays a fundamental role in the reduction of operational costs and quality rejections of finished products both internally in the organization and in the supply chain. Some of these efforts use quality control tools to remedy it. Kaoru Ishikawa proposes seven basic quality tools. In this group of quality tools is the cause-and-effect diagram (CED), also known as “The Fishbone” and “Ishikawa diagram”. Exploring this questioning can shed light on the first indications to ratify the arguments of Ishikawa and Deming, that the main problems of companies are found in their processes and perhaps, in a deep way, in some of these cornerstone root causes that have to do with the way organizations are managed. The purpose of this study is to investigate cornerstone root causes through the application of CEDs in 40 Mexican companies that began an effort to improve some of their organizational processes. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative study was conducted. As a research strategy, the case study method was applied. Using theoretical sampling, the Ishikawa diagrams of 40 companies were analyzed, and 24 semi-structured interviews in depth were conducted. Findings The results of this research confirm the main research question: Are there cornerstone root causes that give way to one or several problems or effects of problems in organizations regardless of their sector? In other words, there were at least seven typical patterns that show the first signs of cornerstones root causes in organizations. Research limitations/implications The method itself is a limitation; 40 case studies are not enough to generalize the results. In addition, the research was conducted only in a single Latin American country; in some cities of Mexico. However, 60 per cent of these companies are multinationals. Practical implications This paper is fundamental to delve into the cornerstones causes that give rise to the problems of organizations of the twenty-first century. The authors understand that these are the first indications, and that they cannot be considered a conclusion of these causes. However, this first theoretical sampling presents a first light on the subject. Originality/value The study contributes to the limited existing literature on total quality management and Kaizen in quality control tools and subsequently disseminates this information to provide impetus, guidance and support toward improving the problems of the organizations of twenty-first century.
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Stevens, M., N. Proudlove, J. Ball, and C. Scott. "AB1131 STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND PROCESS MAPPING QUANTIFY THE EFFECTS OF HISTORICAL CHANGES TO THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE TESTING ALGORITHM AND IDENTIFY AREAS FOR FUTURE IMPROVEMENT IN A LARGE DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOLOGY SERVICE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1855.2–1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.438.
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Background:Pathology test turnaround times (TATs) are a limiting factor in patient flow through rheumatology services. Quality improvement (QI) methodologies such as Lean use tools including statistical process control (SPC) and process mapping to study the performance of the whole of a clinical pipeline, expose unnecessary complexity (non-value-adding activity), and streamline processes and staff roles.Objectives:Understand effects of changes made to CTD testing algorithm over last 12 years by measuring some of the effects on TATs. Model current processes and suggest changes to workflow to improve TAT.Methods:High-level flow diagrams of the current testing algorithm, and low-level process maps of analyser and staff processes were drawn.Activity and TATs (working days between report and booking date) for ANA, ENA, DNA and CCP tests were plotted as XmR control charts.Results:Finding 1: Largest referral laboratory does not currently operate a separate DNA monitoring workstream, resulting in unnecessary ANA and ENA testing (figure 1).Figure 1.Current testing strategy (left) and suggested improvement (right)Finding 2:Samples are handed off between 3 different lab benches, each of which may be staffed by a different staff member on a different day, and results processing involves handoff to a further 2 different staff members.Finding 3:ANA demand is close to capacity, ENA demand exceeds current capacity (table 1).Table 1.Demand for ANA, ENA and DNA tests, compared to capacityTestMedian Demand(tests/ day)Approx. Capacity(tests/ day)NotesANA74100Close to 80% recommended by the ILGsENA3836*Less capacity than demand!!DNA34100PlentyFinding 4:Stopping screening DNA requests on ANA result increased the number of DNA tests performed by about 10 samples per day (30%), but decreased turnaround time by a similar proportion (3.3 to 2.3 days, figure 2). It also reduced turnaround times of ANA and ENA tests.Figure 2.Control chart of average TAT of dsDNA antibodies by request dateConclusion:Typically for a QI project, the initially simple CTD testing pipeline has accumulated many changes made without consideration of whole system performance, and is now a struggle to run.Improvement ideas to be explored from this work include:Liaising with main referral lab to develop a DNA monitoring workstream to reduce unnecessary ANA and ENA testingReduce handoffs, sample journey around lab analysers, and staff hands-on time by:changing ANA test methodology to same as DNAcreating new staff roles (analyser operators to perform validation/ authorisation steps)Create more capacity for ENA testing by increasing the frequency of this test on the weekly rotaCreate more capacity for service expansion by running analysers at weekends (staff consultation required)Reduce demand on service by engaging and educating requestorsImprove TAT for DNA by:processing samples the day they are booked in, instead of 1 day laterauto-validating runs…using control charts to measure improvementDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Kovalenko, Viktor, Serhii Levchenko, Mykola Tryputen, et al. "CHARACTERISTIC LAYOUTS OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH THE ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE DEVIATIONS AND EXPEDIENCY OF ITS CONTROL." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(17) (2019): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-3(17)-209-218.
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Urgency of the research. It is well-known that electric energy characteristics are the levels of electromagnetic compatibility of electric grid providing adequate performance of any electrical means connected to the grid if the electric energy characteristics do not exceed permitted values. In the context of general idea of electromagnetic compatibility of consumers within power supply grids, power quality is the topical problem of modern electric-power supply industry. Target setting. The issue of assessing the possibility of ensuring the quality of electricity in terms of voltage deviation by consumers is very important. The problem of voltage fluctuations is relevant, so that voltage deviation have a negative impact on functioning electrical equipment Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Papers [2-11] are devouted the effective management methods of electrical energy consumption. The articles [6-8] shows that under present conditions only system approach ensures accurate identification and prediction of electric power losses in distribution networks that are characterized by considerable ambiguity. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Generalized diagram of the voltage modes characterizes the state for the entire distribution network connected to the main substation; it consists of the branched 10 kV network, all the distribution transformers, and all the 0.4 kV networks connected to those transformers. Along with the generalized diagram, values of the available voltage losses have been obtained; those values occur within 10 kV and 0.4 kV networks in terms of the favourable conditions of voltage control and the initial values of the admissible voltage deviations of electrical receivers. Moreover, that is the basis to determine operating position of control tappings of distribution transformers. The research objective. Since one of the important characteristics of electrical energy is the deviation of the voltage in the network, it is advisable to carry out its analysis in the urban distribution networks in terms of Levanevska substation, town of Zaporizhzhia. To simplify practical representation of possible voltage modes on the main substation buses and within the whole distribution networks, it is expedient to use graphic representation – so-called generalized diagram of voltage modes. That diagram helps make the analysis of voltage modes more demonstrative than analytical calculation; besides, the diagram gives great possibilities for further study. The statement of basic materials. While analyzing voltage mode in the distribution networks and determining the required law of voltage control in the main substation (MS), one should take into consideration great amount of factors effecting and complicating that study. Those factors include the following: changes in the operating mode of the network, differences in the points of connections of electrical receivers (ER) to the distribution network, differences in possible operating positions of the control tappings in the distribution transformers (DT), differences in the points of DT connections to 10 kV network, available dead zones of automatic voltage controller etc. Owing to that fact, it is required to perform generalized analysis of the voltage mode and conditions of its control within 10 kV and 0.4 kV distribution networks and on main substation buses. To do that, one should apply probabilistic calculation methods. At the same time, it is expedient to use graphic depiction (so-called generalized diagram (GD) of the voltage modes) to simplify representation of possible voltage modes on MS buses and within the whole distribution network. That diagram will help make the analysis of the voltage modes more clearly arranged than analytic calculations; moreover, it gives great opportunities for further study. Conclusions. Voltage deviation in the distribution networks has been performed and expediency of the voltage deviation control for electrically closest and farthest consumers have been analyzed in terms of Levanevska substation, town of Zaporizhzhia. Expediency of practical application of generalized diagrams for that purpose has been demonstrated. It has been defined that in the modes of maximum and minimum loads, voltage exceeds the admissible deviation norms of ± 5 %. Conclusion has been made on the expediency of more careful voltage control. Generalized diagram for 0-1 and 9-10 hours with the maximum voltage deviations has been constructed. Graph of dependences has been developed; formula of voltage deviations in the main substation, due to the voltage passing along that line, has been defined. According to the voltage data before and after the implementation of control, graphs of voltage deviations on the distribution transformer and in terms of the farthest consumer have been constructed.
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Novikova, E. O., and I. N. Vlasova. "SYSTEM FOR THE FORMATION OF DESIGN SKILLS OF STUDENTS OF THE BASIC SCHOOL." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Sociology. Pedagogy. Psychology 6(72), no. 4 (2021): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1709-2020-6-4-74-87.
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Modern society has features such as rapidly changing conditions and a large amount of information. In this regard, each person should be able to realize and formulate a problem in a short time, study new information, determine the purpose of the activity and the necessary actions to achieve it, evaluate the result and, if necessary, return to the intended actions and make adjustments. The formation of these skills does not occur spontaneously. In this regard, the federal state educational standard of general education includes a new group of educational results – meta-subject [1, 2]. Therefore, each educational institution should ensure a phased, purposeful development of the declared groups of skills (regulatory, communicative and cognitive) at each level of education. The above skills are included in the group of design skills and are fixed in the program for the development of universal educational activities. In the approximate main educational program of basic general education, it is determined that the protection of an individual project is considered as the main procedure for diagnosing the metomaterial outcomes being sluggish. Therefore, of particular importance when working with students are design forms and methods of work [3]. There are many scientific works devoted to the use of the project method in education, in which various approaches to the definition of the educational project, types of projects, and stages of their implementation are considered. However, not enough attention was paid to the problem of the systemic formation of project skills, in this regard, based on an analysis of the interdisciplinary programs “Fundamentals of Project and Research Activities”, psychological and pedagogical literature, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to highlight the necessary stages of the formation of project skills. During the study, three necessary stages of the formation of design skills were distinguished, which differ not only in the depth of development of the corresponding skills, but also in the expediency of using certain means due to the age characteristics of students. So for students in grades 5-7 it is recommended to use design tasks, which are considered as a prototype of design activity. Students of grades 7-8 are offered group projects, and in the ninth grade, it is necessary to switch to individual projects. Based on the age characteristics of schoolchildren for fifth graders, it is advisable to continue the elementary school line – solving project tasks, but not offering students an ordered system of tasks, but an unordered set when children have to build their own “strategy” for solving the problem [12, 15]. Therefore, at the first stage in a primary school in grades 5-6, it is advisable to leave the project task as a means of developing project skills. In the sixth grade, there should be a transition to tasks in which tasks are not explicitly identified, their establishment in the general context of the project task rests with the students themselves. This form of the design task is closest to the design activity. During the study, the design task “Travel Company ″Everest″ was developed and tested for students in grades 6-7. It consisted of three main objects: a quasial situation with a problem situation. “In the travel company Everest, consumer activity has decreased over the past year. It was decided that in order to attract tourists it is necessary to change the previously developed tours to demonstrate to customers”; an unordered set of tasks necessary to resolve a problem situation; final task – a project that solves the problem fixed in the situation. Monitoring the activities of sixth grade students in the course of solving this project task showed that students easily distribute roles among themselves, find different sources of information, including using search engines; correctly fill out tables, build charts. However, adolescents had difficulty when it was necessary to draw up an action plan to solve the project task, also when determining the main and secondary information in the loan agreement. At the stage of reflection, schoolchildren were not always able to evaluate their activities and argue the reasons for the achievement or absence of the planned result. In the course of solving the system of design tasks, students in grades 5-6 develop the following skills: Reflect (see the problem, difficulties, errors; perform an analysis — why it turned out or failed) under the guidance of a teacher; set and hold goals; plan (draw up a plan of their activities); to model (work and make diagrams, tables) under the guidance of a teacher; communicate (interact in solving the problem, defend their position). The second stage is the main one (the end of the 6th grade to the middle of the 8th grade), at which students of the main school continue to solve design problems. For this adolescence, a manifestation of a “sense of adulthood” is characteristic, in connection with this it is necessary to create a variety of educational environments where students can express themselves by taking on new roles. The present project activity takes its leading place in the basic school, starting from the 7th grade. By the end of this stage, control and evaluation actions, as well as actions for the distribution of roles and retention of goals, are reaching an independent level; actions to search and process information; we can talk about the formation of the ability to work with text. The third stage is the final one, at which there is a transition from group projects of different ages to individual ones. For students in grades 8-9, communication is of particular importance, it is noted that a teenager needs communication as an independent sphere of life. At this stage, the student is more willing to independently carry out project activities. The nature of the projects should be related to pre-profile preparation, i.e. with such areas as science, art, journalism, marketing, advertising, etc. Thus, the formation of design skills in students of the primary school will be successful if the following conditions are met: — continuity of forms and techniques in the organization of project activities, namely the project task — group projects — individual projects; — in the program for the formation of universal educational actions, the levels of formation of design skills for students of the 4th, 6th, 8th and 9th grades are fixed; — educators have a common understanding of the basics of design activities, design tasks, training projects and methods for their organization; — the educational institution monitors meta-subject results of the development of the main educational program, including corrective measures.
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Hasan, Md Zahid, and Rubel Ahammed. "Noise Reduction of Ceiling Fans in Mass Production Applying DMAIC-Six Sigma Approach." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems 4, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4050264.
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Abstract Success and business reputation depend upon the quality of products where product quality relies on the capability of a process, yield value, sigma score, etc. The poor quality of ceiling fans was determined from the Pareto analysis of the define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC) model, which was humming noise during running, and further actions were undertaken regarding the reduction of the humming noise. Noise data were collected from random samples to determine the current sigma score, which was 3.14. Also, the weak value (1.05) of the Process Potential Index implied that the process condition was below the standard (&lt; 1.33) and needed to be improved badly. Then, root cause analysis and relationship diagram were used to identify the possible causes. With the design of experiments and correlation analysis, it was clear that the air gap between the stator and rotor was the main culprit behind the humming noise. The suitable range of air gap was determined from boxplot analysis, which was 0.2 mm–0.225 mm and the corresponding amount of sound level in dB (37.5–40.3 dB) for a 0.225-mm air gap with the watt consumption (83 w) from the hypothesis test for the corresponding air gap. Finally, the updated sigma score and process capability analysis were performed with control charts to show the comparison after applying the DMAIC-Six Sigma methodology. The final sigma score was 5.1, which indicates a significant improvement of the process with the capability of saving 23,438 USD/year caused by the poor quality of ceiling fans.
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"SEVEN TOOLS AS THE PROBLEM SOLVING WAYS T0 IMPROVE QUALITY CONTROL." MECHA JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN, April 30, 2021, 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35439/mecha.v3i2.15.
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There are many ways for the company to reach a good standard for their goods and services. Standard is essential to achieve a level of customer trust. The company must be maintaining the quality of their services and products, including in this case the quality of goods beside the services. To ensure its achievement, a directed management system and processes are needed to achieve the level of customer trust. Many companies use quality tools to help monitor and manage their quality system. There are several types of tools that can be used. But the more, there are seven management tools for quality control are the most common. Seven tools can be used by any professional to ease the quality improvement process like flowcharts, check sheets, Pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, histograms, scatter diagrams, and control charts. Key words : seven tools, control, quality, problem solving
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Priyanto, Mifta. "TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT USING PARETO DIAGRAMS AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL CHARTS (SPC) APPLIED TO PRECAST BEAMS." Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 1, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/isec.res.2014.131.
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This paper presents the application of Total Quality Management Method using Pareto diagrams and Statistical Process Control charts (SPC). These tools can be applied to both the manufacturing and construction sectors. A Pareto diagram can figure out some of the dominant problems of the projects, and SPC can determine whether the data variation is within control limits. SPC can measure the quality of performance in learning curve using the upper-range limit and lower-range limit of the control analysis. A case study was conducted on a precast beams installation at a rental multi-story residential project in Jakarta, Indonesia. Based on the measurement, some data are outside of the control limit due to the problems identified in the Pareto diagram. Further analysis by measuring the Process Capability Ratio (Cp) produces a value <1, indicating that project management needs to be careful about process variation.
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"Construction of Fuzzy Control Chart with Multinomial Quality using Process Capability." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1 (2019): 1460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1259.109119.
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Control charts are the effective and quietest form of statistical process control methods. Many of the times, data are obtained in quantitative form; however there are many quality characteristics that cannot be expressed in numerical measure, such as characteristics for appearance, smoothness and colour, etc. Fuzzy sets theory is an impressive mathematical methodology to evaluate the vagueness related uncertainty that can linguistically express data in these situations. In this paper, we construct a fuzzy control limits under fixed and varying sample size with various quality levels for observing a manufacturing process based on the multinomial distribution using degrees of membership and process capability.
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Ichu, Bright Chigozie, Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara, Emmanuel Nnamdi Ejike, Amarachi Udoka Nkwoada, Francis Chizoruo Ibe, and Emmanuel Chuka Dioha. "Multivariate analysis and spatial distribution of suspended particulate metals of Abakaliki and Enugu in Southeastern Nigeria." Bulletin of the National Research Centre 45, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00618-7.
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Abstract Background The atmosphere is usually contaminated by heavy metals from different natural and anthropogenic sources. The levels of heavy metals in the atmosphere often become harmful and cause environmental pollution with serious health consequences to humans when their concentrations exceed certain threshold limits. The determination of the atmospherically suspended particulate matter in general and toxic trace metallic concentrations in particular, is, therefore, necessary for the evaluation of the sources and fate of atmospherically deposited suspended particulate matter. The assessment of the concentration levels of suspended particulate trace metals like Zn and Pb in the cities of Enugu and Abakaliki southeastern Nigeria was performed to assess the concentrations of atmospherically suspended metals in the area, their sources, and their pollution status. Results Results of the study showed that Zn concentration levels were not significant at all the sampling points, while the concentrations of Pb particulate matter which ranged from 0.11 to 0.91 µg/m3 exceeded the international revised EPA Pb standard of 0.15 µg/m3 but within the approved Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) Nigeria, 24 h long duration of 1 µg/m3, and National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) 1 h duration (1 µg/m3). The enrichment factor (EF) showed that Pb had a dominant crustal source, while Zn was determined to be of minor to moderate crust enrichment. The multivariate analysis carried out using principal component analysis (PCA) based on varimax rotation and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) plotted in biplot and dendrogram diagrams revealed the levels of dependency and grouping, whereas Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (PC) revealed a strong link between the two metallic pollutants Conclusion This study therefore which applied statistical and pollution assessment of atmospherically suspended particulate matter has revealed the importance of monitoring atmospherically suspended materials resulting from anthropogenic sources like mining, quarrying, construction, etc. Similarly, the use of statistical techniques like PCA, HCA, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient to the study of ambient air quality has proved to be a useful tool in the assessment of atmospheric pollution. The findings of the present study therefore will be invaluable in the monitoring of particulate matter pollution of the atmosphere and their control measures, especially in mining districts.
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Berhe, Haftu Hailu. "Application of Kaizen philosophy for enhancing manufacturing industries’ performance: exploratory study of Ethiopian chemical industries." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-09-2020-0328.
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PurposeKaizen is an umbrella concept for a management philosophy based on a set of principles and values with different tools and techniques that form part of Company-Wide Quality Control. The purpose of this study to explore the empirical evidence of Kaizen philosophy practice and its effect on Ethiopian manufacturing industries, chemical companies in particular.Design/methodology/approachAfter the literature review, an exploratory empirical research, supported on a company observation, was adopted. The eight companies visit giveaway collecting annual technical reports and Kaizen award presentations. The review structure encompassed four major approaches. The first approach is conducting extensive literature review and adopting methodologies. The second approach is examining secondary data and developing SWOT analysis. The third is exploring Kaizen practices, developing framework, identifying drivers and barriers using charts, diagrams and graphs. The final approach is proposing way forward and implications based on the findings from the investigative study to emphasize the link between Kaizen practice and its effect on manufacturing industries’ performance.FindingsThe findings indicate practice of Kaizen brought in achieving monetary, nonmonetary and qualitative results. However, results vary from company to company. The average attained improvements of productivity, production volume, machine productivity and sales volume are 2.77%, 28.69%, 10.14% and 31.53% respectively. Moreover, a total of 71,932,472.19 ETB is saved by following structured framework and practice of social and technical factors. However, companies could not sustain Kaizen activities and unable to maintain the attained substantial improvements due to less effort made on some of the Kaizen practices identified as barriers on the cause and effect diagram of this exploratory study.Research limitations/implications:A sample size of eight companies is not adequate to generalize key findings of this study. This will be put right by carrying out further surveys in the future using questionnaire and semistructured interviews.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study underlined that practice of Kaizen philosophy on chemical companies supported by structured implementation framework, full practice of drivers, eradicating barriers, sustaining practices and maintaining improvements enable in enhancing chemical companies performance through achieving quantitative (monetary and nonmonetary) and qualitative results.Originality/valueAlthough there are a number of studies published on Kaizen, currently it is found that there is lack of literature on practice and effect of Kaizen philosophy. Based on this exploratory study and assessment, the framework and circumstance of Kaizen philosophy practices are providing valuable insights for chemical companies, other manufacturing industries and organizations, which will be on board on this voyage including Ethiopian Kaizen Institute, practitioners and academicians.