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Journal articles on the topic "Quality control Standards Case studies"
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Tripp, Bridget, Simon Dillon, Sarinnapha Vasunilashorn, et al. "METABOLOMICS OF DELIRIUM: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.350.
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Abstract Postoperative delirium complicates 15-50% of major surgery in older adults, resulting in poor patient outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Basic mechanisms of delirium are largely unknown. In this study we implemented a protocol that uses high-throughput metabolomics to explore potential biological mechanisms of delirium. We profiled the plasma metabolome of 10 delirium cases and 10 matched controls from the SAGES cohort of older adults without dementia undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. We used targeted mass spectrometry to measure 302 metabolites (features) preoperatively (PREOP) and on postoperative day 2 (POD2). Metabolomics studies are challenged by inherent technical variability and signal noise. With a small sample and a large feature count, signal noise diminishes statistical power and masks true biological signals. To address these challenges, we implemented quality control sample-based signal correction and normalization to internal standards (ISs). ISs were screened from a pool of 6 potential candidates, resulting in the removal of 3 that failed to perform well, while 3 were retained for our experiments. ISs also enabled successful concatenation of experiments run at different times. Prior to implementing quality control samples and customized ISs, no metabolites were identified as differentially expressed. After implementation, we identified one metabolite that was significantly differentially expressed at PREOP and 17 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed at POD2 between delirium and controls (BH-corrected p-value < 0.05). In conclusion, integration of quality controls and normalization to internal standards enabled us to detect metabolites associated with postoperative delirium. Such methods should be considered for future metabolomics studies.
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Verhaeghe, Tom. "Systematic internal standard variability and issue resolution: two case studies." Bioanalysis 11, no. 18 (2019): 1685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2019-0165.
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Two case studies are presented of validated assays where the internal standard showed high variability, and there was a clear response difference between study samples and standards and quality controls. In the first case a co-eluting peak boosted the stable isotope labeled internal standard response in samples from hepatically impaired subjects. In the second case the blank plasma matrix suppressed the structural analog internal standard response. For both assays the issue could be resolved by adapting the chromatographic conditions and re-validating the assay (case 1) or by diluting the study samples with blank plasma (case 2).
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Zhu, Yu Jin, Jian Hua Ren, and Hui Ding. "School Internationalized Operating Model and the Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1215.
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School internationalized operating model acts as a kind of school operating model, with the main task of taking the operating approaches of integration, disposition, control and occupation to utilize teaching resources of foreign school into the teaching, education, and management to enhance the efficiency, quality and standards of teaching, education and management of our school. These resources are the curricula, faculty, teaching techniques, education and school management technology of foreign school. Studies have shown that there exist three basic operating models. They are single-campus internationalized operating model; double-campus internationalized operating model and abroad operating model. By implementing the model of internationalized operation and developing internationalized cooperation and communication, school could broaden its version, could promote its operating standard as well as enhance it.
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van der Veer, S. N., K. J. Jager, N. Peek, N. F. de Keizer, and A. Koetsier. "Control Charts in Healthcare Quality Improvement." Methods of Information in Medicine 51, no. 03 (2012): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me11-01-0055.
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SummaryObjectives: Use of Shewhart control charts in quality improvement (QI) initiatives is increasing. These charts are typically used in one or more phases of the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycle to monitor summaries of process and outcome data, abstracted from clinical information systems, over time. We summarize methodological criteria of Shewhart control charts and investigate adherence of published QI studies to these criteria.Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and CINAHL for studies using Shewhart control charts in QI processes in direct patient care. We extracted methodological criteria for Shewhart control charts, and for the use of these charts in PDSA cycles, from textbooks and methodological literature.Results: We included 34 studies, presenting 64 control charts of which 40 control charts plotted two phases of the PDSA cycle. The criterion to use 10–35 data points in a control chart was least adhered to (48.4% non-adherence). Other criteria were: transformation of the data in case of a skewed distribution (43.7% non adherence), when comparing data from two phases of the PDSA cycle the Plan phase (the first phase) needs to be stable (40.0% non-adherence), using a maximum of four different rules to detect special cause variation (14.1% non-adherence), and setting control limits at three standard deviations from the mean (all control charts adhered).Conclusion: There is room for improvement with regard to the methodological construction of Shewhart control charts used in QI processes. Higher adherence to all methodological criteria will decrease the risk of incorrect conclusions about the process being monitored.
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Chen, Sixing, and Xihong Lin. "Analysis in case–control sequencing association studies with different sequencing depths." Biostatistics 21, no. 3 (2018): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxy073.
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Summary With the advent of next-generation sequencing, investigators have access to higher quality sequencing data. However, to sequence all samples in a study using next generation sequencing can still be prohibitively expensive. One potential remedy could be to combine next generation sequencing data from cases with publicly available sequencing data for controls, but there could be a systematic difference in quality of sequenced data, such as sequencing depths, between sequenced study cases and publicly available controls. We propose a regression calibration (RC)-based method and a maximum-likelihood method for conducting an association study with such a combined sample by accounting for differential sequencing errors between cases and controls. The methods allow for adjusting for covariates, such as population stratification as confounders. Both methods control type I error and have comparable power to analysis conducted using the true genotype with sufficiently high but different sequencing depths. We show that the RC method allows for analysis using naive variance estimate (closely approximates true variance in practice) and standard software under certain circumstances. We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods using simulation studies and apply our methods to a combined data set of exome sequenced acute lung injury cases and healthy controls from the 1000 Genomes project.
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Tincani, Matt, and Jason Travers. "Publishing Single-Case Research Design Studies That Do Not Demonstrate Experimental Control." Remedial and Special Education 39, no. 2 (2017): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932517697447.
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Demonstration of experimental control is considered a hallmark of high-quality single-case research design (SCRD). Studies that fail to demonstrate experimental control may not be published because researchers are unwilling to submit these papers for publication and journals are unlikely to publish negative results (i.e., the file drawer effect). SCRD studies comprise a large proportion of intervention research in special education. Consequently, the existing body of research, comprised mainly of studies that show experimental control, may artificially inflate efficacy of interventions. We discuss how experimental control evolved as the standard for high-quality SCRD; why, in the era of evidence-based practice, rigorous studies that fail to fully demonstrate experimental control are important to include in the body of published intervention research; the role of non-replication studies in discovering intervention boundaries; and considerations for researchers who wish to conduct and appraise studies that fail to yield full experimental control.
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Chan, Kin Wing (Ray), and Andrew Flynn. "Food Production Standards and the Chinese Local State: Exploring New Patterns of Environmental Governance in the Bamboo Shoot Industry in Lin'an." China Quarterly 235 (June 4, 2018): 849–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018000802.
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AbstractAlthough current studies into Chinese food supply and quality provide explanations for the causality of food problems, there is limited inquiry into the role of the county government. This is a serious omission for two main reasons: first, because county governments perform a key role in providing support for farmers through agricultural extension services and farmers’ cooperatives, and second, because county-level administrative divisions are central to developing novel instruments to manage supply chain relationships, such as food production standards. We investigate the key players involved in standard making and delivery at the county level. We also analyse how and why the county government engages in standard-setting activities. We use Lin'an's bamboo shoot production industry as a case study to understand how the local state implements “hazard-free,” “green” and “forest food” production standards. The paper concludes that traditional conceptualizations of the local state do not sufficiently address how nature, knowledge of standards and state authority co-produce institutional capacity to control food supply and quality in China. In practice, the local state engages with non-state actors to achieve superficial environmental efforts, such as developing food production standards to throw a “green cloak” over a productivist model.
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Wang, Bin, Junkai Lai, Feifei Jin, Xiwen Liao, Huan Zhu, and Chen Yao. "Clinical Source Data Production and Quality Control in Real-world Studies: Proposal for Development of the eSource Record System." JMIR Research Protocols 11, no. 12 (2022): e42754. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/42754.
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Background An eSource generally includes the direct capture, collection, and storage of electronic data to simplify clinical research. It can improve data quality and patient safety and reduce clinical trial costs. There has been some eSource-related research progress in relatively large projects. However, most of these studies focused on technical explorations to improve interoperability among systems to reuse retrospective data for research. Few studies have explored source data collection and quality control during prospective data collection from a methodological perspective. Objective This study aimed to design a clinical source data collection method that is suitable for real-world studies and meets the data quality standards for clinical research and to improve efficiency when writing electronic medical records (EMRs). Methods On the basis of our group’s previous research experience, TransCelerate BioPharm Inc eSource logical architecture, and relevant regulations and guidelines, we designed a source data collection method and invited relevant stakeholders to optimize it. On the basis of this method, we proposed the eSource record (ESR) system as a solution and invited experts with different roles in the contract research organization company to discuss and design a flowchart for data connection between the ESR and electronic data capture (EDC). Results The ESR method included 5 steps: research project preparation, initial survey collection, in-hospital medical record writing, out-of-hospital follow-up, and electronic case report form (eCRF) traceability. The data connection between the ESR and EDC covered the clinical research process from creating the eCRF to collecting data for the analysis. The intelligent data acquisition function of the ESR will automatically complete the empty eCRF to create an eCRF with values. When the clinical research associate and data manager conduct data verification, they can query the certified copy database through interface traceability and send data queries. The data queries are transmitted to the ESR through the EDC interface. The EDC and EMR systems interoperate through the ESR. The EMR and EDC systems transmit data to the ESR system through the data standards of the Health Level Seven Clinical Document Architecture and the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium operational data model, respectively. When the implemented data standards for a given system are not consistent, the ESR will approach the problem by first automating mappings between standards and then handling extensions or corrections to a given data format through human evaluation. Conclusions The source data collection method proposed in this study will help to realize eSource’s new strategy. The ESR solution is standardized and sustainable. It aims to ensure that research data meet the attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original, accurate, complete, consistent, enduring, and available standards for clinical research data quality and to provide a new model for prospective data collection in real-world studies.
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Xu, M., P. J. van Overloop, N. C. van de Giesen, and G. S. Stelling. "Real-time control of combined surface water quantity and quality: polder flushing." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 4 (2010): 869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.847.
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In open water systems, keeping both water depths and water quality at specified values is critical for maintaining a ‘healthy’ water system. Many systems still require manual operation, at least for water quality management. When applying real-time control, both quantity and quality standards need to be met. In this paper, an artificial polder flushing case is studied. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is developed to control the system. In addition to MPC, a ‘forward estimation’ procedure is used to acquire water quality predictions for the simplified model used in MPC optimization. In order to illustrate the advantages of MPC, classical control [Proportional-Integral control (PI)] has been developed for comparison in the test case. The results show that both algorithms are able to control the polder flushing process, but MPC is more efficient in functionality and control flexibility.
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Indah Komsiyah. "Quality Control Management Of Madrasah Education In International Standard." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 3, no. 1 (2022): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v3i1.328.
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 Quality control has to design in educational institutions. The purpose of this study was to determine the concept of quality control of education at the International Standard Madrasah Amanatul Ummah Pacet Mojokerto, East Java. This research is qualitative research with a single case study model. The participants involved are 1) kyai, 2) madrasa heads, 3) vice coordinators of Madrasas, 4) ustadzor teachers in Madrasas, 5) students, and 6) alumni. The data collection process is 1) in-depth interviews; 2) participant observation; and 3) documentation studies. Data analysis data used l) data reduction, 2) data display; and 3) conclusion drawing/verification. The finding shows that the quality control process at the International Standard Madrasah Amanatul Ummah includes, 1) monitoring of activity programs is carried out in a coordinated and responsible manner; 2) a series of evaluations carried out intensely; 3) carry out control of order and program implementation continuously; 4) activity report in written form in the form of reporting and verbally in the form of directions; 5) carry out continuous monitoring. While transcendent control is a form of inherent supervision that is embedded in the religious spirit of each person relying on the Substance of the Almighty Creator. The control of improving the quality of education carried out by the Amanatul Ummah International Standard Madrasah is internal and transcendent control.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quality control Standards Case studies"
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Williams, Matthew J. "Development of a quality assurance plan for a microbrewery." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/979.
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Quality assurance (QA) has become a key factor to business success in the marketplace. Within Australia, companies normally approach QA by implementing formal systems which maintain the consistency of manufacturing processes, and hence, the quality of subsequent output. These systems have increasingly been based upon the international series of standards, ISO 9000.In the food industry, safety is a minimum requirement for food quality. As Governments and food authorities have endeavoured to reduce the incidence of foodborne illnesses, they have promoted the implementation of additional systems developed to a specific standard for food safety, namely Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). However, the cost of developing and maintaining separate systems to ISO 9000 and HACCP is prohibitive to many food companies, particularly smaller operators. As a consequence, a number of alternative standards have been recently developed that are more relevant to the needs of these companies (e.g. SQF 2000, HACCP-9000). The purpose of this study was to develop a QA plan which could be successfully applied by a particular small food manufacturer (Westoz Brewing), This was achieved by adopting a technique used in a number of these alternative standards, i.e. application of HACCP to both safety and wider quality issues. Due to time constraints, the study focussed on applying HACCP only to quality issues rather than to both quality and safety issues. In particular, these issues were associated with lager-style products manufactured at one of the client's breweries. As a result of this research, the client was provided with a practical plan suitable for the application of a QA system to the production of a Westoz beer. In addition to reducing costs associated with maintaining an integrated system, further savings would be made due to the preventative nature of HACCP, i.e, minimisation of product reworking and waste by ensuring that more products are manufactured "right first time". The developed plan also represented an initial step towards certification to recognised quality standards such as SQF 2000.
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Barlow, Hilary Joan. "An evaluation of neonatal nursing care in selected hospitals in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16253.
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Thesis (MCUR)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has a proud history of a high standard of health care delivery in State funded
hospitals. This implies that high standards of education and care in both medical and
nursing training have been achieved. The care of sick and premature newborn infants by
nurses is a speciality that has evolved worldwide over the last forty years as a result of
various technological developments.
In order to ensure the standard of care delivered, protocols of care should be available for
nurses to refer to and to measure their work against. There were no protocols of care
available in the two Neonatal Units (NICUs) used in this study.
Using a non-experimental, exploratory descriptive design, the researcher set about
measuring the quality of nursing care in the NICUs. Standards (structure, process and
outcome) were written by the researcher, and validated.
The results showed that the standards were not met at an acceptable level in various
areas. One of the areas of great concern was the lack of effective hand washing.
Outcome standards which reflect the consequences of care indicated serious shortages of
staff in some cases and insufficient staff training.
Recommendations are that a Quality Assurance Program should be introduced with
training and education of the nurses working in the NICUs and the introduction of evidencebased
practice. Future research should aim at showing the way to improve the service
delivered.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika het ‘n trotse geskiedenis van ‘n hoë standard van gesondheidsorgdienslewering
in Staatsbefondsde hospitale. Dit impliseer dat hoë standaarde in mediese en
verpleegopleiding bereik is. Die versorging van siek en premature pasgebore babas deur
verpleegkundiges is ‘n spesialiteit wat oor die afgelope veertig jaar wêreldwyd ontwikkel het
as gevolg van verskeie tegnologiese ontwikkelings.
Ten einde te verseker dat ‘n hoë standard van sorg gelewer word, moet protokolle
beskikbaar wees vir verpleegkundiges om te gebruik en hulle werkverrigting teen te meet.
Daar was geen protokolle beskikbaar in die twee neonatale eenhede wat in hierdie studie
gebruik is nie.
‘n Nie-eksperimentele, verkennende, beskrywende ontwerp is deur die navorser gebruik
om die gehalte van verpleegsorg in die neonatale eenhede te evalueer. Standaarde
(struktuur, proses en uitkoms) is deur die navorser opgestel en gevalideer.
Die resultate toon aan dat die standaarde in verskeie areas nie aanvaarbaar nagekom
word nie. ‘n Kommerwekkende bevinding was die afwesigheid van effektiewe was van
hande. Uitkomsstandaarde wat die resultaat van sorg weerspieël, het aangedui dat daar
ernstige tekorte aan personeel in sommige gevalle bestaan het asook onvoldoende
opleiding van personeel.
Aanbevelings is dat ‘n Gehalteversekeringsprogram ingestel behoort te word en met die
opleiding van verpleegkundiges werksaam in die neonatale eenhede en evidence-based
practice aangespreek moet word. Toekomstige navorsing behoort aan te dui hoe om die
diens wat gelewer word, te verbeter.
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Lee, Kam-hung, and 李錦鴻. "Implementation of ISO 9000 in electrical & mechanical services Department." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267373.
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Ho, Yuk-lan Julia, and 何玉蘭. "Centre management as a means of improving the quality standard of property management services in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968600.
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Chan, Kwok-hung Paul, and 陳國雄. "Adopting ISO9000 standards as quality assurance system for an internalaudit function." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268535.
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Simpson, Antony Paul. "Applicability of ISO 9000 in the service industry : University of Stellenbosch Business School case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49208.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the face of increasing competition, Business Schools increasingly have to evaluate the quality of
the service that they offer to current and prospective students. The most significant factor affecting
an organisation's performance is the quality of its products and services in relation to the products
and services of competitors. Measurement of service quality is a function of customer satisfaction,
which in tum is based on a perception of how the service conforms to prior expectations thereof.
A widely accepted method of quality assurance used in industry is ISO 9000 certification. For
academic institutions the de facto method of providing confidence in the quality of the education
they offer is through academic accreditation. The University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB)
is unclear - in the light of its academic accreditations - of the benefits to be derived from
implementing ISO standardisation within the organisation.
The iso 9000 series is a set of quality standards, of which ISO 900 I: 2000 is one, which is
primarily concerned with the quality management process. It deals with what the organisation does
to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer and applicable regulatory requirements, and
to continually improve the organisations performance in this regard. It is important to note that
compliance with ISO standards is not intended to guarantee the quality of a product or service, it is
however intended to provide confidence in the processes which produced or delivered the product or
service.
In evaluating the applicability of ISO 9000 in the service industry, it is concluded that there is little
difference from how its standards and guidelines apply in manufacturing to how they apply in
service industries.
The USB is found to have implemented an extensive quality management system in order to attain
various academic accreditations, most notably EQUIS accreditation. Thus from an academic
perspective there would be little to gain from USB implementing ISO 9001: 2000, even though the
standard is perfectly suited for academic environments. Where advantages would most likely be
realised is in the peripheral business and support functions of the USB.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die aangesig van toenemende mededinging moet bestuurskole gereeld die kwaliteit van diens wat
hulle aan huidige en voomemende studente bied, evalueer. Die mees veelseggende faktor in 'n
organisasie se prestasie is hoe die kwaliteit van sy produkte en dienste vergelyk met die van sy
mededingers. Die meet van die kwaliteit diens wat 'n organisasie lewer is 'n funksie van die
tevredestelling van kliente, wat op sy beurt weer gebaseer is op insig tot die wyse waarop die diens
ooreenstem met die oorspronklike verwagtinge daarvan.
ISO 9000 sertifikasie word algemeen aanvaar in industrie as 'n betroubare maatstaf waarteen
kwalitieit gemeet word. Vir akademiese instellings is die de facto metode om vertroue te wek in die
kwaliteit van die opleiding wat hulle aanbied, deur middel van akademiese akkreditasie. Vir die
Universiteit van Stellenbosch Bestuurskool (USB) is dit in die lig van hulle akademiese akkreditasie
onduidelik wat die voordele verbonde aan die implementering van ISO standaardisering binne die
organisasie sou wees.
Die reeks ISO 9000 is 'n stel kwaliteitstandaarde, waarvan ISO 900 I: 2000 een is, en is hoofsaaklik
gemoeid met die proses van kwaliteitsbestuur. Dit bemoei hom met die stappe wat 'n organisasie
neem om klientebevrediging te bevorder deur die bereiking van die vereistes van beide sy kliente en
die toepasbare voorskrifte. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat 'n onderworpenheid aan ISO
standaarde geensins die bedoeling het om die kwaliteit van 'n produk of diens te waarborg nie - die
oogmerk is egter om vertroue te wek in die prosesse wat die produk of diens veroorsaak of gelewer
het. Deur die toepasbaarheid van ISO 9000 in die diensbedryfte evalueer, is dit vasgestel dat daar
inderdaad min verskil is tussen die wyse waarop hierdie standaarde en riglyne van toepassing is in
die vervaardigingsektor en hoe dit toegepas word in diensbedrywe.
Dit is vasgestel dat USB 'n verreikende kwaliteitsbestuursisteem in werking het om verskeie
akademiese akkreditasies te bekom, veral die EQUIS akkreditasie. Die gevolgtrekking is dat daar
vanuit 'n akademiese oogpunt min rede is vir USB om ISO 900 I: 2000 te implementeer, selfs al is
hierdie standaard goed van toepassing op 'n akademiese omgewing. Waar dit tot sy beste voordeel
toegepas kan word, is in die omliggende sake- en ondersteuningsfunksies van USB.
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Roems, Raphael. "The implications of deviating from software testing processes : a case study of a software development company in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2686.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>Ensuring that predetermined quality standards are met is an issue which software development companies, and the software development industry at large, is having issues in attaining. The software testing process is an important process within the larger software development process, and is done to ensure that software functionality meets user requirements and software defects are detected and fixed prior to users receiving the developed software. Software testing processes have progressed to the point where there are formal processes, dedicated software testing resources and defect management software in use at software development organisations.
The research determined implications that the case study software development organisation could face when deviating from software testing processes, with a focus on function performed by the software tester role. The analytical dimensions of duality of structure framework, based on Structuration Theory, was used as a lens to understand and interpret the socio-technical processes associated with software development processes at the case study organisation. Results include the identification of software testing processes, resources and tools, together with the formal software development processes and methodologies being used. Critical e-commerce website functionality and software development resource costs were identified. Tangible and intangible costs which arise due to software defects were also identified.
Recommendations include the prioritisation of critical functionality for test execution for the organisation’s e-commerce website platform. The necessary risk management should also be undertaken in scenarios with time constraints on software testing, which balances risk with quality, features, budget and schedule. Numerous process improvements were recommended for the organisation, to assist in preventing deviations from prescribed testing processes. A guideline was developed as a research contribution to illustrate the relationships of the specific research areas and the impact on software project delivery.
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Chung, Ka-po, and 鍾嘉寶. "An analysis of management style and quality services of property management companies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968764.
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Hammons, Rebecca L. "Continuing professional education for software quality assurance." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/759.
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Law, Chit-lun, and 羅哲倫. "Process re-engineering: theory and case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267336.
Full textBooks on the topic "Quality control Standards Case studies"
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ISO 9001:2000 case studies: Experiences from auditing practice. British Standards Institution, 2006.
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Isis, Montalvo, Dunton Nancy, and National Center for Nursing Quality (American Nurses Association), eds. NDNQI case studies in nursing quality improvement. American Nurses Association, 2011.
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Harold, Kerzner, ed. Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
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Silva, Marianne A. Quality toolkit and case studies: Solutions for common problems. AABB, 2011.
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Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development (FRDA II). ISO 9000 and wood products: International case studies of manufacturers and buyers perspectives. Canadian Forest Service, 1994.
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Rodney, Kestle, ed. Implementing lean six sigma throughout the supply chain: The comprehensive and transparent case study. Productivity Press, 2011.
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Design for Six Sigma in product and service in development: Applications and case studies. Taylor & Francis, 2012.
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Ramírez, Armando Martínez. Cómo mejorar la calidad en los servicios de salud: El hospital El Nido de las Águilas, un estudio de caso. Universidad de Guadalajara, 2002.
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R, Linsenmann Don, ed. The Six Sigma fieldbook: How to successfully implement the Six Sigma breakthrough management strategy. Currency/Doubleday, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Quality control Standards Case studies"
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Iwersen, Jørgen. "On Practical Uses of ISO Standards: Two Case Studies." In Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 10. Physica-Verlag HD, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2846-7_18.
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Grous, Ammar. "Quality Control Case Studies." In Fracture Mechanics 3. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118580158.ch2.
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Juričić, Ðani, Janko Petrovčič, Uroš Benko, et al. "End-Quality Control in the Manufacturing of Electrical Motors." In Case Studies in Control. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5176-0_8.
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Juričić, Ðani, Matej Gašperin, Bojan Musizza, Gregor Dolanc, and Igor Mekjavić. "A System for Model-Based Quality Assessment of Burn-Protective Garments." In Case Studies in Control. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5176-0_9.
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Phadke, Madhav S. "Design Optimization Case Studies." In Quality Control, Robust Design, and the Taguchi Method. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1472-1_10.
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Carpenter, Roland P., David H. Lyon, and Terry A. Hasdell. "Case History: Shelf-Life Studies." In Guidelines for Sensory Analysis in Food Product Development and Quality Control. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4447-0_10.
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Lyon, David H., Mariko A. Francombe, Terry A. Hasdell, and Ken Lawson. "Case history: Shelf-life studies." In Guidelines for Sensory Analysis in Food Product Development and Quality Control. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1999-7_9.
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Dorman, Janice S., Mirjana Kocova, Leslie A. O’Leary, Mary Kaye Kramer, and Massimo Trucco. "Case-Control Molecular Epidemiology Studies: Standards for the WHO DIAMOND Project." In Standardization of Epidemiologic Studies of Host Susceptibility. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1213-8_14.
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Lorkowski, Joe, and Vladik Kreinovich. "Predicting How Bounded Rationality Will Affect the Quality of Future Decisions: Case Study." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62214-9_5.
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De la Hoz-Torres, M. L., Antonio J. Aguilar-Aguilera, M. D. Martínez-Aires, and Diego P. Ruiz. "A Comparison of ISO 2631-5:2004 and ISO 2631-5:2018 Standards for Whole-Body Vibrations Exposure: A Case Study." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14730-3_74.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Quality control Standards Case studies"
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Roy, B. C., Tanmoy Guha, and R. Ekambaram. "Quality assurance and quality control to ensure durability." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0960.
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<p>High level of quality during design, design-build and construction stages is a fundamental requirement to ensure that structure serves its intended purpose. Establishment of a quality assurance manual is prime necessity. Lack of quality control during design, review and approving design drawings are major reasons for structural failures. Designers and design checkers need to work in tandem to ensure more adequate Quality Assurance &amp; Control (QA/QC).</p><p>In structural design Durability is a key parameter and becomes critical for service life of 100/120 years. In design build and construction stages controlling work quality is important to maintain performance standards. Tailor made quality plan for Design-build Contract is essential. Quality procedures, inspection and testing needs implementation in practice to verify full compliance and prevent occurrence of faults and defects towards durability and service life. This paper deals with Quality with special emphasis on durability in design and construction through case studies of design build contracts.</p>
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Grigoriev, Gleb, Vladimir Gulin, Alexei Nikitin, et al. "Integrated Droneborne Geophysics Application as a Tool for Exploration Optimization. Case Studies." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206250-ms.
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Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have a great potential for geological exploration optimization at all stages. This study considers UAV implementation at different exploration stage. Integrated approach using unmanned aerial systems shows great effectiveness based on the completed surveys. Low-depth electrical exploration using the shallow electrical exploration method is one of the possible UAVs technologies with great potential. In this study there are several cases describing main field data acquisition, models and cross-sections processing. Unmanned aerial systems are applicable at all stages of the oil and gas value chain and are already an integral part of oil&gas production process. Now there are more than 70 unmanned aerial systems application scenarios. The main advantages of drones are that the use of this operational data collection tool allows: – to reduce the duration of collecting geospatial data by 70%, and the cost by 3 times; – make the best decisions quickly; – to realize additional potential for increasing efficiency (application at all stages of the production chain) – increase the production processes safety level The most promising and actively developing areas of technology application are: Geophysical surveys at different stages of geological exploration. Drones have great potential for application in non-seismic exploration methods in the early stages of geological exploration. In addition, UAV surveys are suitable for planning geological exploration and working out the conceptual arrangement of the terrain. The presence of an accurate digital elevation model at the start of work of the project team makes it possible to remove a number of uncertainties and questions about conducting field work on seismic exploration, the placement of infrastructure and corridor communications. Objective control of the capital construction progress. Another important area of drones application is aerial photography at all stages of capital construction. With the help of UAVs, it is possible to control such parameters as the status and quality of construction and installation works, equipment of contractors, compliance with safety and environmental standards, and others. To do this, the unmanned vehicle flies around the object with a given regularity, filming it from different angles. After aerial photography, special software stitches the results into photogrammetric products (digital terrain model, orthophotomaps, 3D models) with an accuracy of 4–6 centimeters. On the constructed models, you can calculate the dynamics by one or another parameter. Operational fieldwork and intrastructure monitoring. At the same time, one of the key goals of technology application is the creation of a network of autonomous stations with drones at all assets for remote control of the company's production processes. The first step in this direction was the joint pilot testing of an automated take-off and landing station with an unmanned aerial vehicle of a multi-rotor type. The use of the station will reduce the time and cost of collecting data on capital construction and infrastructure. Project teams will be able to react faster to changes. An automated take-off and landing station allows the use of unmanned aerial vehicles without human intervention. The drone can independently take off, perform the necessary operations, land and recharge. Thus, flight operations and data collection can be performed remotely without the constant presence of a specialist on site.
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van Schalkwyk, Negar, Hong Wang, Iain Colquhoun, and Joe Paviglianiti. "Quality Assurance for Quenched and Tempered Pipeline Fittings: A Regulator’s Perspective and Plan of Action." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78299.
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Heat treated pipeline fittings (principally elbows, tees, and reducers) require careful process control. For example, furnace temperature, placement of the fittings in the furnace, transfer time to quenching tank, adequacy of quench or tempering time can all impact the fittings’ mechanical properties if not done properly. In recent years, the National Energy Board (NEB) became aware of instances of quenched and tempered (Q&T) pipe and fittings having mechanical properties that did not meet Canadian Standards Association (CSA) or similar standards, being installed on pipeline systems under NEB and other regulatory bodies’ jurisdiction. In 2013, a pipeline rupture occurred on an NEB-regulated pipeline. Although failure to meet mechanical specifications was not the cause of the incident, the investigations revealed that there were fittings installed on the pipeline with yield strength of less than Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS). The NEB undertook further investigations to determine if this low yield issue might indicate a systemic problem. In the cases examined, contrary to the recorded information in the Material Test Reports (MTRs), not all fittings met the specified mechanical properties requirements, and this was due to inadequate controls in the Quality Assurance Programs (QAPs) of different stakeholders. It is also important to note that MTR results based on a coupon test may not always reflect the properties of each fitting produced following that process. The NEB has taken several actions in order to address this potential issue including: - Issuing industry-wide Safety Advisories - Issuing Orders to all companies under its jurisdiction - Commissioning a third party to investigate and write a technical paper on this issue - Hosting a technical workshop to facilitate broad dialogue between various stakeholders (using the technical paper as a seed document) In this paper, the authors first review the manufacturing process of Q&T fittings. Then case studies are discussed involving four instances of nonconforming fittings. Lastly the authors propose solutions for different stakeholders to effect improvement in Quality Assurance (QA) of pipeline fittings. The authors also recommended enhancement of applicable clauses in related standards and initiation of several research and development (R&D) projects.
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Yan, Rong, David Tee Liang, Leslie Tsen, Kaiwen Yao, and Joo Hwa Tay. "Case Studies: Problems Solving in Fluidized Bed Waste Fuel Incineration." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-020.
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Fluidized bed combustion technology has been widely used as the new, flexible, multi-fuel boiler for waste combustion and energy recovery from low-grade fuels. However, problems such as low thermal efficiency, high emissions and bed agglomeration etc., are still encountered in operation of fluidized beds. Valuable experiences were gained from the two case studies recently conducted regarding wastes combustion in industrial-scale fluidized beds. In the first case, the performance of a fluidized bed combustor for energy recovery from oil sludge was evaluated during the commercial trials. Apart from the sludge characterization and bed material analysis, the combustion efficiency, solid flow balance, on-stack emission of CO, SOx, NOx were addressed, as well as the fluidization quality. Although the system was operated with good combustion efficiency (>99.9%), sulfur dioxide emission (>1,000ppm) was found to be substantially higher than the allowable discharge limit. It was recommended to increase limestone feed rate in order to meet the SO2 emission standard and subsequently, installation of a cyclone is suggested to remove the potential significant increase in ash and fine particles. The second case study focused on the bed agglomeration observed in a fluidized bed incinerator where burning blend of three wastes (i.e., carbon soot, biosludge and fuel oil) are involved. To understand the mechanisms and chemistry related, several analytical approaches are employed to identify the bed materials (fresh sand and degrader sand) and clinkers formed from full-scale incinerator tests. The formation of clinker is believed to follow the mechanism of partial melting and/or reactive liquid sintering. The effects of temperature and blending ratio are tested in a muffle furnace. Carbon soot is believed to be more susceptible than the other two fuels. Thermodynamic multi-Phase multi-Component Equilibrium (TPCE) calculations predict that the main low melting point species are predominant under oxidizing condition, suggesting that reducing conditions might be favorable to restrain the bed agglomeration. This study provides valuable information for the better understanding of the chemistry related to clinker formation; it also helps in developing methods for the control and possible elimination of the bed agglomeration problem for the design fuels.
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Coppins, Gavin J., Michael Ayres, and Mike Pearl. "A Data Managment and Geographic Information System (GIS) for the Management of Land Quality on UKAEA Sites." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4519.
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On large industrial or nuclear sites there is a requirement to undertake assessments of land quality, from desk studies to detailed field investigations. Data obtained from such investigations provides the baseline from which known or potentially contaminated land can be managed. However, a commonly encountered problem is that this information is often disparate, collected for reasons not related to land quality management, with data from previous ground investigations also exhibiting the following particular problems: • The intent of a previous investigation is often not clear. • There can be much variability in investigation and analytical methods and standards. • The investigation techniques and standards are not documented. • Ground investigation and analytical data does not have adequate quality control in order to make a judgment about its value and applicability. Consequently, a commonly occurring problem is the frequent re-investigation of the same areas of a site for reasons that may not be very different. This is costly and incurs unnecessary risks. In order to resolve this problem, the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), in conjunction with ESiT Ltd, has developed and implemented a software application to capture, interrogate and present land quality assessment data for its sites across the UK. The overall assessment of land quality on the sites relies on information that is both varied and disparate in nature. Tools are therefore required to structure and assess this information to enable clear interpretation and management decisions to be made. UKAEA has applied these tools to several areas within its environmental restoration programme including delicensing activities, Safety Cases for contaminated ground, inventories of land liabilities as well as the general monitoring of the environmental conditions on and surrounding the sites. This paper will describe the software application in the context of its function as a land quality management tool. The software application, known as the Information Management and Geographic Evaluation System (IMAGES), has a modular design and facilitates multi-user access. IMAGES interfaces with standard desktop applications to enable straightforward upload or reporting of data. There are also interfaces with industry standard software packages for spatial analysis of data (ArcGIS) and to provide representation of borehole logging data. The modules that make up IMAGES are: • Land & Risk Assessment “Sentencing”; • Document Register; • Photograph/Image register; • Site Investigation; • Excavation & Soil Transfer; • Groundwater Monitoring; • Radiation survey (Health Physics) Monitoring; • Buildings Information; • Geographic Information System (GIS) Data Management. The IMAGES solution is process based, dealing with data acquisition through storage and interpretation to output and has the ability to systematically deal with large volumes of information while ensuring consistency in approach at each stage. It also provides data that is access and revision-controlled and quality assessed. IMAGES also includes a series of standard data capture templates to enable environmental monitoring and site investigation information to be captured directly in the field and automatically logged into the IMAGES relational database structure. Data within the system can be quality assessed and queried using a map-based interface. Information held within IMAGES can also be delivered seamlessly into UKAEA’s Geographic Information System (GIS) for visual assessment and further analysis.
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Zhong, Ming, Jared Schuetter, Srikanta Mishra, and Randy F. LaFollette. "Do Data Mining Methods Matter? : A Wolfcamp “Shale” Case Study." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173334-ms.
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Abstract Data mining for production optimization in unconventional reservoirs brings together data from multiple sources with varying levels of aggregation, detail, and quality. Tens of variables are typically included in data sets to be analyzed. There are many statistical and machine learning techniques that can be used to analyze data and summarize the results. These methods were developed to work extremely well in certain scenarios but can be terrible choices in others. The analyst may or may not be trained and experienced in using those methods. The question for both the analyst and the consumer of data mining analyses is, “What difference does the method make in the final interpreted result of an analysis?” The objective of this study was to compare and review the relative utility of several univariate and multivariate statistical and machine learning methods in predicting the production quality of Permian Basin Wolfcamp Shale wells. The data set for the study was restricted to wells completed in and producing from the Wolfcamp. Data categories used in the study included the well location and assorted metrics capturing various aspects of the well architecture, well completion, stimulation, and production. All of this information was publicly available. Data variables were scrutinized and corrected for inconsistent units and were sanity checked for out-of-bounds and other “bad data” problems. After the quality control effort was completed, the test data set was distributed among the statistical team for application of an agreed upon set of statistical and machine learning methods. Methods included standard univariate and multivariate linear regression as well as advanced machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machine, Random Forests, and Boosted Regression Trees. The strengths, limitations, implementation, and study results of each of the methods tested are discussed and compared to those of the other methods. Consistent with other data mining studies, univariate linear methods are shown to be much less robust than multivariate non-linear methods, which tend to produce more reliable results. The practical importance is that when tens to hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake in the development of shale reservoirs, operators should have the confidence that their decisions are statistically sound. The work presented here shows that methods do matter, and useful insights can be derived regarding complex geosystem behavior by geoscientists, engineers, and statisticians working together.
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Yun, Lingxiang, and Lin Li. "Assessing the Impacts of Real-Time Price Prediction Quality on Demand Response Management for Sustainable Smart Manufacturing." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85833.
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Abstract The emerging smart manufacturing technologies pave the way for flexible and autonomous monitoring and control of complex manufacturing systems, which facilitate the implementation of real-time price (RTP) based demand response management towards sustainability. The demand response management requires scheduling of smart manufacturing systems in advance, and thus the quality of RTP predictions directly impacts the performance of demand response. Although several prediction evaluation metrics are currently available, they are designed to show the similarities between prediction and actual RTP, which are not necessarily related to demand response performance. Therefore, in this study, the daily energy cost reductions obtained by solving a demand response management problem are adopted as an indicator of demand response performance. Six commonly used evaluation metrics are examined, and their correlations with energy cost reductions are investigated. In addition, a new metric called k-peak distance considering the characteristics of the demand response problem is proposed and compared with the other six metrics. The case studies show that the proposed metric has two to four times higher correlation with energy cost reductions and only about half of the standard error compared to other metrics. The results indicate that the proposed metric can better represent the prediction quality in the demand response problem.
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Phukan, Madhujya L., Saad A. Siddiqi, Shamma Alshehyari, et al. "Sedimentology and Diagenesis and Their influence on the Reservoir Quality: A Case Study of the Late Cenomanian Mishrif Formation, Western Region, Abu Dhabi." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211593-ms.
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Abstract The Cenomanian-early Turonian Mishrif Formation is an important reservoir rock throughout the Middle East. Although extensive studies have been carried out on the Mishrif Formation across the Middle East, very limited information is available about the Mishrif Formation from the western region of Abu Dhabi. The primary objective of this study is to review the sedimentology of the Mishrif Formation in the oilfields of the western region of Abu Dhabi and to define the petrology, the depositional and diagenetic history, and the reservoir quality. The Mishrif Formation is sedimentologically characterized using an industry-standard lithofacies classification scheme. Subsequent sedimentological interpretations define the depositional evolution of the sediments. Petrologic assessment highlights the depositional texture and successive diagenetic alterations that have affected the sediments, thereby modifying the reservoir properties. The Mishrif sediments represent deposition on a carbonate ramp system modified by a potential barrier shoal, along with localized relief developing shoal-like geobodies. A broad range of lithofacies represent the range from wackestone to boundstones, with the sediments interpreted to represent deposition in a shoal complex through backshoal and rudist buildups to a distal mid-ramp to an outer ramp setting. A petrographic study reveals multiple diagenetic phases have affected the sediments. Porosity is enhanced considerably due to multiple leaching phases, which are followed by subsequent cementing phases comprised of calcite and dolomite that degrades the porosity in places. Fracture events do not seem to have any significant impact towards enhancing the reservoir properties as they remain dominantly filled by cements but locally, a few fractures, which are open, contribute to enhancing the connectivity. A moderate to very good reservoir quality is inferred for the sediments of the Mishrif Formation. The porosity values range between 7% to 34% and permeability values from 0.06mD to &gt;10 D. Interrogation of the core analysis data indicates a depositional control along with a diagenetic influence on the reservoir quality. This study helps to resolve the complexities associated with the sedimentological makeup and diagenesis of the Mishrif Formation in the western region of Abu Dhabi. The understanding from this study will help in further works related to reservoir geomodelling and pattern prediction, which may also be extrapolated to uncored intervals for representativeness and regional correlation of the Mishrif Formation.
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Widmaier, Martin, Jørgen Moe, John Brittan, and Jostein Lima. "Case studies in quality control for 4‐D seismic processing." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1817114.
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Sanden, H. J., G. Caspary, K. Kroth, M. Bruggeman, and T. Bücherl. "Do We Accurately Know the Radioactive Inventory Inside a Waste Package? A Résumé After 5 Years Experience in the Development and Operation of Advanced Gamma Scanning Systems." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1170.
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Abstract This paper gives a survey of the main results of research projects performed by members of ENTRAP to improve gamma-ray scanning techniques for radioactive waste packages. Performance characteristics, advantages and restrictions of different assay procedures and correction techniques investigated in these projects are discussed. Case studies are presented which demonstrate the difference in performance between ‘standard’ and ‘improved’ assay techniques. Consideration is also given to bias effects resulting from a limited knowledge on gamma-ray attenuation and/or source distribution in the waste matrix. Procedures and tools are presented which may help to decrease respective bias effects or to assess the overall uncertainty. The achievements emphasise that quality control of assay results requires, in nearly all applications, that additional assay techniques are implemented in order to verify the validity of conventional gamma-ray scanning methods.
Reports on the topic "Quality control Standards Case studies"
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Zhao, Jing-yi, Zi-xiang Zhan, Meng-juan Lu, Fang-biao Tao, De Wu, and Hui Gao. A systematic review of epidemiological studies on the association between organophosphate flame retardants and neurotoxicity. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0083.
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Review question / Objective: This study aims to collect published or unpublished related studies systematically and comprehensively, and screen out the articles that meets the quality standards for qualitative combination, so as to draw a relatively reliable comprehensive conclusion on the relationship of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Eligibility criteria: In brief, epidemiological studies including cohort study, case-control study and cross-sectional survey were screened. Studies regarding relationships between human exposure to organophosphate esters and neurotoxicity were possible eligible for the present systematic review. The adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes included development of cognition, behavior, motor, brain change, emotion, etc. Studies that did not meet the above criteria were not included in this systematic review.
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Wu, Xiaoqi, Maoxia Fan, Yaobo Pan, and Dona Guo. Quality of Evidence Supporting the Effects of Ginkgo Terpene Lactone Preparations in Ischemic Stroke: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0124.
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Review question / Objective: 2.2.1 Type of studies SRs/MAs of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of GTLP for IS in any language. 2.2.2 Type of Participants Included patients were diagnosed with IS according to international or national standards, regardless of race, age, gender, time of onset, and source of cases. 2.2.3 Type of Intervention The intervention method in the control group was routine treatment, and the intervention method in the intervention group was GTLP treatment or GTLP combined with the treatment of the control group. 2.2.4 Types of outcomes Conclusions at least need to include clinical efficacy analysis and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Condition being studied: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability globally.Among them, ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for 70% of all stroke types. It is a central nervous system disease caused by cerebral blood circulation disorder, ischemia and hypoxia .The incidence rate is high and increasing year by year, the age of onset is younger, the disability rate is high, and most patients have different degrees of limb motor dysfunction.In order to reduce the burden of stroke on the society and the patient's family, many articles proposed to strengthen the primary stroke prevention - behavior change and drug intervention.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, José Rivera-Perez, Watheq Sayeh, et al. Case Studies Using Quality Control for Performance and Pay for Performance Specifications: Field Observations. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-007.
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James-Scott, Alisha, Rachel Savoy, Donna Lynch-Smith, and tracy McClinton. Impact of Central Line Bundle Care on Reduction of Central Line Associated-Infections: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0014.
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Purpose/Background Central venous catheters (CVC) are typical for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Due to the invasiveness of this procedure, there is a high risk for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). These infections have been known to increase mortality and morbidity, medical costs, and reduce hospital reimbursements. Evidenced-based interventions were grouped to assemble a central line bundle to decrease the number of CLABSIs and improve patient outcomes. This scoping review will evaluate the literature and examine the association between reduced CLABSI rates and central line bundle care implementation or current use. Methods A literature review was completed of nine critically appraised articles from the years 2010-2021. The association of the use of central line bundles and CLABSI rates was examined. These relationships were investigated to determine if the adherence to a central line bundle directly reduced the number of CLABSI rates in critically ill adult patients. A summary evaluation table was composed to determine the associations related to the implementation or current central line bundle care use. Results Of the study sample (N=9), all but one demonstrated a significant decrease in CLABSI rates when a central line bundle was in place. A trend towards reducing CLABSI was noted in the remaining article, a randomized controlled study, but the results were not significantly different. In all the other studies, a meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, control trial, cohort or case-control studies, and quality improvement project, there was a significant improvement in CLABSI rates when utilizing a central line bundle. The extensive use of different levels of evidence provided an excellent synopsis that implementing a central line bundle care would directly affect decreasing CLABSI rates. Implications for Nursing Practice Results provided in this scoping review afforded the authors a diverse level of evidence that using a central line bundle has a direct outcome on reducing CLABSI rates. This practice can be implemented within the hospital setting as suggested by the literature review to prevent or reduce CLABSI rates. Implementing a standard central line bundle care hospital-wide helps avoid this hospital-acquired infection.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, et al. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu, and Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.
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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu, and Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.
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Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.
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Yoozbashizadeh, Mahdi, and Forouzan Golshani. Robotic Parking Technology for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Control Around Park & Rides. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1936.
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A lack or limited availability for parking may have multiple consequences, not the least of which is driver frustration, congestion, and air pollution. However, there is a greater problem that is not widely recognized by the public, namely the negative effect on the use of transit systems due to insufficient parking spaces close to key transit stations. Automated parking management systems, which have been successfully deployed in several European and Japanese cities, can manage parking needs at transit stations more effectively than other alternatives. Numerous studies have confirmed that quick and convenient automobile access to park-and-ride lots can be essential to making public transit competitive with the automobile in suburban areas. Automated parking systems use a robotic platform that carries each vehicle to one of the locations in a custom designed structure. Each location is designed compactly so that considerably more vehicles can be parked in the automated garages than the traditional parking lots. Central to the design of these systems are three key technologies, namely: 1. Mechanical design and the operation of vehicle transfer, i.e., the robotic platform 2. Structural and architectural requirements to meet safety and earthquake standards, among other design imperatives, 3. Automation and intelligent control issues as related to the overall operation and system engineering. This article concerns the first technology, and more specifically the design of the robotic platform for vehicle transfers. We will outline the overall design of the robot and the shuttle, followed by a description of the prototype that was developed in our laboratories. Subsequently, performance related issues and scalability of the current design will be analyzed.
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Tian, Yichang, Hu Deng, Zhimin Xin, Xueqian Zhang, and Xiaokui Yang. Premature ovarian insufficiency is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety and poor life quality: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0020.
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Review question / Objective: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies (S) was conducted to explore whether women with POI/POF (P) could increase risk of depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life (O). Intervention studies (I) are eligible only if pre-intervention data were available(I) and the comparator(C) of this meta-analysis was people who do not suffer from POI (age-matched). Condition being studied: Several studies have been conducted to show that POI affects the quality of life of patients, of which psychological and psychosocial factors cannot be ignored as a part. Most studies have shown that POI patients are more prone to negative emotions such as depression and anxiety than normal people, but some studies have also shown that normal POI patients are psychologically indistinguishable from normal people. Therefore, meta-analysis is needed to determine the effect of POI on psychological factors and to better guide the clinical treatment plan.
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Bhushan, Sandeep, Huang Xin, and Xiao Zongwei. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing liver surgery: what we might know from a meta-analysis of Randomized control trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0094.
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Condition being studied: ESPB as an emerging regional technique has been well established in many surgeries, including reduce opioid demands, decrease pain score and improver sleep quality, etc. But, apply ESPB in liver surgery is limiting and remains uncertain, it is time to conduct one meta-analysis to reveal the performance of ESPB in liver surgery. Eligibility criteria: All published full-article RCTs comparing the analgesic efficacy of ESPB with control in adult patients undergoing any liver surgeries were eligible for inclusion. There were no language restrictions, Moreover, we also excluded case reports, non-RCT studies, incomplete clinical trials, and any trials used multiple nerve blocks. We also excluded any conference abstracts which could not offer enough information about the study design, or by data request to the author.