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Pereyra, Sergio Benjamin. "A Comparison of the Effects of Negative Communication and Spirituality on Relationship Quality Among Different Groups of Latino and Anglo Couples." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3233.
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This study examined the direct relationship between actor/ partner effects of negative communication, spirituality and relationship quality and also examined negative communication when mediated by spirituality among four types of couples. The sample included 300 heterosexual Anglo couples (AC), 319 heterosexual female Anglo/ male Latino couples (FAML), 292 heterosexual female Latina/ male Anglo couples (FLMA), and 177 heterosexual Latino couples (LC) who completed a survey questionnaire known as the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE). Variables from this questionnaire that were used in the study included measures of negative communication, spirituality, and relationship quality. Results from Structural Equation Modeling indicated that negative communication significantly predicted relationship quality across all four groups, in support of the literature. Results revealed gender and cultural differences, suggesting that female spirituality did not have a significantly positive influence on relationship quality for either gender in any group, and that actor/ partner effects of male spirituality positively influenced relationship quality depending on the group.
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Prelow, Hazel (Hazel M. ). "Life Stress, Coping, and Social Support in Adolescents: Cultural and Ethnic Differences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278493/.
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Although much research has examined the impact of life stress and the subsequent development of health symptoms, most of this research has been done with White middle class adults. Similar to the adult research, life stress research with children and adolescents has focused on White middle class individuals. The present study expands the knowledge about the stress process in ethnic/racial adolescents while controlling for the effects of SES. A sample population consisting of 103 Black students, 129 Hispanic students, and 105 White students was compared with respect to stressful events experienced, coping strategies, and social support. Students from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds were included within each ethnic/racial group studied. After experimentally and statistically controlling for the effects of socioeconomic status, significant differences were observed. Black and Hispanic students reported receiving higher levels of Enacted Social Support (actual support) than White students. Contrary to what has been previous suggested, Black and Hispanic students reported having experienced fewer stressful life events than White students. Other ethnic/racial group differences that emerged included differences in ways in which specific patterns of moderator variables served to enhance the relationship between life stress and psychological symptomatology.
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Fekete, Erin M., Stacey L. Williams, Matthew D. Skinta, and Leah M. Bogusch. "Gender Differences in Disclosure Concerns and HIV-Related Quality of Life." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8017.
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HIV-related disclosure concerns are associated with higher rates of concealment and poorer well-being, including poorer health related HIV quality of life (HIV-QOL). Little research, however, has examined whether gender differences exist in the links between HIV disclosure concerns and HIV-QOL. We expected that disclosure concerns and gender would be associated with HIV-QOL, such that the relationship between disclosure concerns and poorer HIV-QOL to be stronger in women living with HIV (WLWH) than in men living with HIV (MLWH). One hundred and forty MLWH (n = 102) and WLWH (n = 38) completed an online questionnaire consisting of measures regarding their demographics, disclosure concerns (HIV-stigma scale), and HIV-QOL (HIV-AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life Instrument). Results suggested that more disclosure concerns were associated with poorer HIV-QOL, but in general, men and women did not differ in their levels of HIV-QOL. As expected, interactions emerged between gender and disclosure concerns such that disclosure concerns were associated with increased health worries and poorer sexual functioning for WLWH but not for MLWH. Interventions should acknowledge the differing needs and experiences of WLWH in order to improve HIV-QOL and increase longevity.
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Mann, Hili Sonia 1962. "Perceptions of quality of life held by Tubac residents: A further exploration of qualitative approach to quality of life research." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278672.
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This study explores: (1) Attitudes and perceptions of Tubac residents that may have an impact on their QOL--both personally and at the community level; and (2) QOL measurement techniques that may contribute to the utilization of QOL indicators as a tool for studying and monitoring human communities toward a sustainable future. Informal interviews were conducted with seventeen Tubac residents followed by the distribution of a questionnaire in a "snowball" sampling method (Bernard, 1994). Fifty-two responses were compiled and compared for similarities and differences. Results demonstrate the majority of Tubac residents are extremely satisfied with the QOL and feel fortunate to live in a community they believe is unique--mostly for its surrounding natural scenery. Results also support the idea that qualitative approaches to QOL measurement techniques are necessary for further comprehension of the complexities of human communities.
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Henderson, Sandra, Emma Klöfver, and Anette Persson. "Differences in Health, Stress and Coping : A Cross Cultural Comparison." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17576.
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This thesis presents a quantitative research that was conducted as a minor field studywith a comparison of Swedish and Indonesian undergraduates. The purpose of this study wasto compare cultural disparities concerning health, stress and coping strategies between the two countries. A questionnaire was carried out, both online and by paper in Sweden, and by paper in Indonesia. 156 Swedish and 172 Indonesian students participated. The survey consisted offive different instrument scales of time perspective, satisfaction with life, perceived stress, coping, and individualism versus collectivism. Swedish students reported higher levels of health, life satisfaction and stress than Indonesian students. It was also found that Swedishstudents were more future oriented while Indonesian students were more present hedonistic. Swedish students used less active coping than Indonesian students and male students used more active coping than female students. It was also found that Indonesian students did not ask others for help as much as Swedish students. Finally, it was also shown that health predicted satisfaction with life.Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället
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Toussaint, Loren, Fuschia Sirois, Jameson Hirsch, Annemarie Weber, Christian Vajda, Jorg Schelling, Niko Kohls, and Martin Offenbacher. "Gratitude Mediates Quality of Life Differences Between Fibromyalgia Patients and Healthy Controls." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2751.
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Purpose: Despite a growing literature on the benefits of gratitude for adjustment to chronic illness, little is known about gratitude in medical populations compared to healthy populations, or the degree to which potential deficits in gratitude might impact quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to (1) examine levels of gratitude and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls and (2) consider the role of gratitude in explaining quality of life differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Methods: Participants were 173 fibromyalgia patients and 81 healthy controls. All participants completed measures of gratitude, quality of life, and socio-demographics. Results: Although gratitude was positively associated with quality of life, levels of gratitude and quality of life were lower in the fibromyalgia sample relative to the healthy controls. This difference in gratitude partially mediated differences in quality of life between the two groups after controlling for socio-demographic variables. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gratitude is a valuable positive psychological trait for quality of life in people with fibromyalgia. Interventions to improve gratitude in this patient population may also bring enhancement in quality of life.
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Sham, Sylvia. "Cultural differences in teaching and learning styles : a case study of Chinese adolescents." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336492.
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Edigin, Joseph. "Urban and Suburban Differences in Cultural Identification, Life-Guiding Principles, and Person-Organization Fit." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5460.
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Diversity practitioners in the United States have taken steps to implement programs for integration of people in organizations from across the socioeconomic and demographic spectrum. Despite changes in U.S. discrimination laws and work by diversity practitioners, maintaining equitable workplace diversity continues to be a problem in U.S. corporations. This correlational study was conducted to examine differences in life-guiding principles, urban identification, and person-organization fit between urban and suburban residents. A purposive sample of 180 adults was drawn in a voluntary online survey from industries in two U.S. representative counties with a mix of urban and suburban sprawl. This study was also conducted to further examine planned behavior, expectancy, normative social influence, and social impact theories by comparing how the independent variable of participant residence location affected the dependent variables of life-guiding principles, urban identification, and person-organization fit. T-test statistics were used to test mean differences in normally distributed data sets, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for testing differences in non-normally distributed data sets. Test results revealed that there were differences in the dependent variables with a significant difference in urban identification for urban and suburban residents, confirming the hypothesis. Findings from this study may help diversity practitioners and organizational leaders understand the differences among urban and suburban residents. Study findings may also support organizations' social agenda toward addressing diversity issues and for narrowing career achievement gaps between urban and suburban residents through a better understanding of variations in culture.
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Toledo, Rafaela Cunha Matheus Rodrigues. "Qualidade de vida : adaptação cultural do Spitzer Quality of life Index." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311473.
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Orientador: Neusa Maria Costa AlexandreDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Toledo_RafaelaCunhaMatheusRodrigues_M.pdf: 1107544 bytes, checksum: add6821e0b03db6a171a46906f66df52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Atualmente a literatura tem apresentado inúmeras tentativas de prevenção e controle da dor lombar. A natureza multifatorial dos fatores de risco associados a esta afecção representa considerável desafio para a determinação de estratégias de intervenção que sejam realmente efetivas no seu controle. O caráter crônico e incapacitante da lombalgia faz com que esta condição clínica tenha repercussões importantes na vida do sujeito, comprometendo de forma significativa a qualidade de vida de seus portadores. A literatura internacional tem relatado o uso do Quality of Ufe Index - Spitzer (QLI) para avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de dor lombar. A adaptação cultural de escalas e questionários já validados em outra língua tem sido amplamente recomendada, uma vez que facilita a troca de informações entre a comunidade científica. Dessa forma, com a finalidade de disponibilizar para a comunidade científica brasileira um instrumento de avaliação genérica de qualidade de vida, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação cultural do instrumento Spitzer Quality of Ufe Index para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, bem como avaliar sua confiabilidade junto a pacientes portadores de dor lombar crônica. Para assegurar a qualidade da adaptação, foram seguidos os passos metodológicos recomendados por publicações especializadas: tradução do instrumento para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, retro-tradução, avaliação por um comitê de juízes, préteste, avaliação da confiabilidade e validade. Inicialmente o questionário foi traduzido por dois tradutores bilíngües de forma independente, que possuíam como língua materna a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Posteriormente, dois outros tradutores cuja língua materna era o inglês, fizeram a retro-tradução. Um comitê composto por seis especialistas revisou e comparou as traduções obtidas, desenvolvendo a versão final para a aplicação do préteste. O pré-teste foi realizado em 40 pacientes portadores de dor lombar crônica. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio da consistência interna e da estabilidade (testereteste). A validade foi obtida por meio da análise de correlação entre os escores do instrumento Spitzer (QLI), com o SF-36 e com o Ro/and-Morris. As propriedades psicométricas da versão traduzi da foram avaliadas auto-aplicando o instrumento 'em 120 pacientes com lombalgia crônica. Os resultados demonstraram que o instrumento é confiável apresentando consistência interna satisfatória, indicada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach=0,76 para o teste e 0,77 para o reteste. No teste-reteste os resultados apontaram uma elevada correlação intraclasse ICC=0.960 (p<0,001; IC950/0: 0,943; 0,972). O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi de r=0,937 (p<0,001), indicando também elevada concordância entre os valores do escore do Spitzer (QLI) no teste/reteste. As correlações entre o escore do Spitzer (QLI) e as diferentes dimensões do SF-36 mostraram-se significativas. Os coeficientes de correlação mais elevados foram: Dor (r= 0,699), Aspectos Físicos (r=0,687), Capacidade Funcional (r=0,682) e Aspectos Sociais (r=0,680). Também foi constatada correlação significativa entre os escores do Spitzer (QLI) e do questionário Roland-Morris (r=0,730). Conclui-se que o processo de adaptação cultural foi realizado com sucesso e que a versão adaptada apresenta medidas psicométricas confiáveis e válidas na cultura brasileira
Abstract: The current literature has presented innumerable attempts to prevent and controllow back pain. The multifactorial nature of risk factors associated with this affection represents a considerable challenge in the determination of interventional strategies that will be truly effective to control it. The chronic and incapacitating characteristics of low back pain result in important repercussions on the patient' s life significantly compromising the quality of life of those who have this condition. The intemational literature has reported the use of the Quality of Ufe Index - Spitzer (QU) for the evaluation of the quality of life of patients with low back pain. Thecultural adaptation of scales and questionnaires validated in another language has been widely recommended, since it facilitates the scientific information exchange. In this manner, with the purpose of making available to the Brazilian scientific community an instrument for comprehensive evaluation of quality of life, this study had as objective carrying out the cultural adaptation the Spitzer Quality of Ufe Index questionnaire into the Brazilian Portuguese language, and as to evaluate its reliability in patients suffering from low back pain. In order to ensure this adaptation quality, the methodological steps recommended by specialized publications were followed: translation of the instrument into the Brazilian Portuguese language, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of judges, pretest, and reliability and validity assessment. At first, the questionnaire was independently translated by two bilingual translators, who had Brazilian Portuguese as their rnother language. Subsequently, two other translators whose mother language was English did the back-translation. A committee composed of six specialists revised and compareci the translations obtained, developing the final version for pretest application. The pretest was carried out with 40 patients suffering from low back pain. The reliability was estimated through stability (test-retest) and homogeneity assessmenl The validity was tested comparing scores 01' the obtained by means of correlation analysis among thescores of the Spitzer (QU) 'with the SF-36 and the Roland-Morris. The psychometric properties of the translated version were evaluated by the self-application instrument on 120 patients with chronic low back pain. The Cronbach's Alpha was 0.76 for the test and 0.77 for the retest, showing satisfactory internal consistency results. Using the intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest, the reliability was ICC = 0.960 (p<0.001; IC95%: 0.943; 0.972). The reliability determined by the Spearman's Correlation Coefficient was 0.937 (p<0.001). There was significant correlation between the Spitzer (QU) scores and the different dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire. The highest correlation coefficients were for Bodily Pain (r = 0.699), Role Functioning (r = 0.687), Physical Functioning (r = 0.682) arid Social Functioning (r = 0.680). A significant correlation was found between the Spitzer (QU) and the Roland-Morris questionnaire scores (r = 0.730). The cultural adaptation .process was conducted successfully and the adapted version presents psychometric rneasures which are reliable and valid in the Brazilian culture
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestre em Enfermagem
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Crawley, Leah R. "Gender differences in quality of life of residents living in aged care complexes /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsc911.pdf.
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Rossouw, Stephanié. "Sub-national differences in the quality of life in South Africa / Stephanié Rossouw." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1299.
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It is increasingly acknowledged that the proper objective of government efforts towards
economic development should be aimed at improvements beyond simple measures of
growth, poverty and inequality towards richer measures of human well-being. Herein, the
economic and non-economic quality of life, as well as the quantity of life, becomes
important indicators. Economists and other social planners therefore need to develop more
meaningful indicators of the quality of life. Objective and subjective indicators of the quality
of life can be distinguished. For various reasons, this thesis will focus on the search for more
meaningful objective indicators of the quality of life.
One of the most wellknown objective indicators of quality of life is the Human
Development Index (HDI). There is, however, a growing dissatisfaction with the HDI. In
this thesis, two recent methodological advances in the measurement of quality of life are
applied and combined and, in particular, in the measurement of the non-economic quality of
life, to the sub-national quality of life in South Africa. As such, this thesis’ contribution is
twofold. First, it investigates the extent to which the quality of life differs within a
developing country, as opposed to most studies that focus on either inter-country
differences in quality of life, or studies that focus only on spatial inequalities within countries
using a restricted set of measures such as per capita income or poverty rates and headcounts.
Secondly, this thesis applies a recent methodology proposed by McGillivray (2005) to isolate
the non-economic (non-monetary) quality of life in various composite indices and to focus
on the non-economic quality of life across 351 South African magisterial districts
Indices for the non-economic quality of life are compiled for geographical quality, for
demographic quality, and based on the human development index. Furthermore, given that
composite indices used in the construction of measures of quality of life consist of
weightings of multiple proxies, this thesis implements the method of Lubotsky and Wittenberg (2006) which proposed a new estimator for the case where multiple proxies are
to be used for a single, unobserved variable such as quality of life.
This thesis establishes that when the non-economic quality of life of the demographic index
is considered, the top ten regions in 1001 were as follows: Pretoria, Johannesburg, Soweto,
Port Elizabeth, Durban, Inanda, Pietermaritzburg, Wynberg, Mitchellsplain and
Vanderbijlpark. It is important to note that, when interpreting these results, one should take
caution since variables such as the number of people, number of households etc. is included
in this index and as a region grows in population size the more negative consequences such
as a higher crime rate can be associated with the particular region.
The top ten regions in which to reside in 1004 as determined by the geography quality of life
index were: Calvinia, Gordonia, Namaqualand, Kenhardt, Carnarvon, Ubombo, Williston,
Hlabisa, Ceres and Ingwavuma. This geography index measures a region's natural beauty
which, according to Wey (2000), contributes positively to one's perceived quality of life.
Considering changes in non-economic quality of life indices between 1996 and 2004, the
conclusion can he drawn that the South African government has been successful to a certain
degree in addressing non-economic quality of life. Social policies such as health care,
education, housing, water and sanitation appear to have had a positive effect on people's
perceived non-economic quality of life in areas that were relatively deprived in 1996.Thesis (Ph.D. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007
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Parry, Turner S. "Social webs and family nets : cultural differences in adolescents' perceptions and expectations of family life." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292996.
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Campos, Mary Grace T. "Quality of Life Differences Between First-Year Undergraduate Financial Aid and Non-Aid Recipients." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32688.
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The literature available on financial aid addresses how aid promotes access and equal educational opportunity by enabling students to matriculate into college. The literature also discusses how financial aid impacts studentsâ ability to persist to degree completion. However, there seems to be little research on how financial aid affects studentsâ lives while they are in college. The present study attempted to address this gap in the existing literature by examining the differences in quality of life between college students receiving financial aid and those not receiving such aid.For purposes of this study, quality of life was defined by four dimensions culled from the literature: (a) material possessions; (b) housing; (c) use of time; and (d) support mechanisms. Financial aid was defined as any need-based grant, loan, or work-study money awarded to a student.
Data were collected using the Quality of Life survey developed specifically for this study. The survey consisted of 59 items that were designed to measure the four dimensions of studentsâ quality of life. The target sample for this study consisted of 600 first year undergraduate students: 300 financial aid recipients and 300 non-aid recipients.
The findings revealed significant differences in three of the four areas: material possessions, use of time, and support mechanisms. These findings suggest that those who administer financial aid programs and those responsible for creating financial aid policies may wish to consider the role financial aid plays in the quality of life of students.
Master of Arts
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Woods, Brittney, Erin M. Fekete, Stacey L. Williams, Matthew D. Skinta, Nicole Taylor, Michael Chatterton, and Megan White. "Gender Differences in Stigma and HIV-Related Quality of Life People Living with HIV." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8087.
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We hypothesized that HIV-related stigma would be related to poorer HIV-related quality of life (HIV-QOL) in people living with HIV (PLWH), and that this relationship would be stronger in women living with HIV (WLWH) than in men living with HIV (MLWH). 105 PLWH completed an online survey including measures of demographics, HIV-related stigma, and HIV-QOL. Results suggest that higher levels of HIV-stigma were associated with poorer HIV-QOL, and that in some cases, this relationship was stronger for WLWH than for MLWH. It is possible that WLWH have unique HIV-related experiences affecting their quality of life that are not shared by MLWH.
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Fletcher, Rickie D. "Rural-urban differences in subjective psychological well-being in the United States." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/454455.
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This study looked at people's self-reports of satisfaction with various aspects of life and personal happiness. The sample was divided into three categories regarding the size of the community of the respondent: rural, urban and large urban. Similarly to other studies of this nature, we found that rural people expressed higher levels of subjective psychological wellbeing than did people who live in urban and large urban communities. The concept of social desirability was incorporated into this paper. A rather large percentage of all three categories (rural, urban and large urban) of respondents, across a wide range of demographic characteristics (such as age, sex, race, etc.), indicated substantial amounts of satisfaction and happiness. This seems partially due to the fact that people have a tendency to give very positive answers to questions regarding subjective psychological well-being. In other words, it is socially desirable to indicate that one is satisfied and happy with various aspects of one's life; while it is socially undesirable to indicate that one is dissatisfied or unhappy.
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Wun, Mo-yan Brenda. "A cross-cultural comparison on the impact of voice disorder on quality of life." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2003. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38890975.
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Thesis (B.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-30) Also available in print.
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Asai, Atsushi. "Bioethical Decisions Concerning the End of Life in Japan : Life-sustaining Treatment, Priority of Patients' Preferences, and Cross-Cultural Differences." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181232.
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Ishii, Kimiko. "Cross-cultural differences in facial expressions : a study of an Asian American and an Asian national." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1304656.
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Many researchers have suggested that facial expressions are universal. However, others hold a more nuanced view: That despite universal similarities, facial expressions are culture-specific. In the current study, facial expressions of an Asian American and an Asian national were studied using scenes from two television dramas from the United States and Japan. Similarities and differences were found between the facial expressions of the two characters. The existence of similarities supports the basic universality of facial expressions, while differences were found which support the perspective that facial expressions are culture-specific. These differences were primarily in the relationships between the intensity levels of the external expressions and the internal experiences of the two people. The findings indicate that even when people share basic facial features, the ways they express their emotions differ according to the cultures in which they grew up.Department of Speech Communication
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Rasheed, Mikal A. "Quality of Life, Benefit Finding, and Coping with Prostate Cancer: An Examination of Ethnic Differences." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/165.
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This study examined measures of disease specific quality of life (DSQOL), coping, and benefit finding for differences between ethnic groups in a diverse sample of men treated for localized prostate cancer. The relationship between DSQOL and benefit finding was also evaluated, along with the relationship between coping and benefit finding. Ethnicity was evaluated as a possible moderator of the relationship between DSQOL and benefit finding, and coping was examined as a possible mediator. Results demonstrated that while minority men did show decrements in urinary function, sexual function scores were similar between groups. Furthermore, minority men reported higher levels of benefit finding as well as more frequent use of active and passive coping strategies. DSQOL was not associated with benefit finding, and the relationship was not moderated by ethnicity or mediated by coping. However, benefit finding was associated with ethnic minority status, religious group identification and less yearly income. Both active and passive coping composites were also related to benefit finding. These findings contribute to current literature on factors related to benefit finding in prostate cancer survivors. Limitations of the current study, as well as future directions are explored in the discussion.
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Zaninotto, P. "Gender differences in quality of life and depression among older people with coronary heart disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370227/.
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This study explored gender differences in quality of life and depressive symptoms over time among people with coronary heart disease (CHD) and compared them with a healthy population. Using three waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2002-03, 2004-05 and 2006-07) methodological problems such as missing data and sources of error and uncertainty which may arise from reliance on a self-reported measure of CHD were addressed. A simulation study was set up to compare three techniques for dealing with missing data: full information maximum likelihood, multivariate normal imputation and a two-fold fully conditional specification. Results supported the use of the latter technique which outperformed the other two techniques in recovering the targeted parameters, especially with a binary outcome. Results based on imputed data showed that compared to people from the healthy population, men and women with CHD had on average lower levels of quality of life. Men with CHD were also at higher risk of having depressive symptoms than men from the healthy population. Women with CHD were as likely as women from the healthy population to have depressive symptoms. Trajectories over time of quality of life had a different shape from trajectories of depressive symptoms after the onset of CHD. Men’s quality of life declined over time and no changes in depressive symptoms were found. Women’s quality of life declined only between baseline and four year follow-up, while in the same period their risk of having depressive symptoms reduced. A sensitivity analysis based on an external validation study and a deterministic sensitivity analysis helped understand the impact that misclassification of the self-reported CHD measure could have on the results of this thesis. It was found that the reliability of the results presented could be affected by false positive and false negative cases of CHD.
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Brown, Jocelyn Maree. "Internal reliabilty and group differences on quality of life of developmentally handicapped and normal adolescents /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487682558443593.
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Simurda, Lori Anne. "Differences in uncertainty and quality of life between primary and reoperation coronary artery bypass patients." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27734.
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The purposes of this study were to explore the relationships between uncertainty and quality of life indicators in patients recovering from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and to investigate the differences in uncertainty and quality of life indicators between primary CABG patients and reoperation patients. The indicators of quality of life selected for this study were the patient's perception of health status and life satisfaction.
A convenience sample of 41 primary CABG patients and 11 reoperation patients who were five to ten months postoperative completed the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (Community Version) (MUISCV), the General Health Rating Index (GHRI), the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, and a patient information sheet.
Uncertainty, past life satisfaction, and present life satisfaction did not significantly differ between the primary and reoperation patients. Both groups of patients perceived moderately low uncertainty, and were moderately satisfied with their present lives. Trends in the ratings of past, present, and future life satisfaction suggested that CABG surgery was associated with an improvement in life satisfaction and optimism for the future in both primary CABG patients and reoperation patients. Reoperation patients' perceptions of health status and projections of future life satisfaction were significantly less favorable than those of the primary CABG patients suggesting that the quality of life following CABG surgery is lower for the reoperation patients. Uncertainty was significantly negatively associated with perceptions of health status, present life satisfaction, and future life satisfaction. This finding suggests that higher uncertainty is associated with a lower quality of life in CABG patients who are five to ten months postoperative.
The findings were discussed in relation to theoretical expectations, other research studies, and the methodological problems inherent in the study. Implications of the findings for nursing practice were suggested. Recommendations for future research were made.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Reis, Priscila Alencar Mendes. "Cross-cultural adaptation the Quality of life index spinal cord injury - Version III." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12120.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorFrom the need for a specific instrument to evaluate the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury in the Brazilian language, this study was conducted and had the following objectives: to translate and culturally adapt to Portuguese Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index Spinal Cord Injury Version â III and characterise the sample in terms of sociodemographic and clinical aspects. Methodological procedure, in which the authorization from the author was obtained. First, there was a stage of translating with the participation of six translators. Then, there was a cultural adaptation taking into account the opinion of five judges. The pretest sample consisted on 30 patients with spinal cord injury, which were selected from the database of the Center for Research and Consulting in Neurological Nursing, and which also met the criteria for inclusion. Data was collected from August to November of 2013 by the final version in Portuguese called Ãndice de LesÃo Medular e Qualidade De Vida â VersÃo III and a questionnaire with social, demographic and clinical data. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee, under the number: 344.927/2013. An index with 74 items was obtained, it was divided into two parts (satisfaction / importance ), on which some adjustments were made for a better understanding. These adjustments resulted in: the addition of four new pronouns or articles to change the genre; nine exclusions of words or articles; two changes from a word to a term; four additional expressions for the purpose of illustrating; four adjusts in expressions; nine changes of only one word. Therefore, there was 24 modifications. It was observed that, in the criteria of semantics equivalence of the index, ortography was rated as âa very appropriate translationâ by a number greater than 87 % ; vocabulary and grammar, by 86%; idiomatic equivalence was rated by a number higher than 74%; experimental equivalence, higher than 78% and conceptual equivalence, by a number greater than 70%. Statistical analysis on semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual evaluations by kappa showed a slight to moderate conformity between the pairs of analysis, adopting (p ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that this instrument, after being transculturally adapted, has proved to be appropriate under the semantic , idiomatic, experimental and conceptual views, as well as easy to use to evaluate the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury. The study enabled the expansion of scientific knowledge of nursing, especially for professionals in the neurological field, by making it possible to plan, intercede and evaluate the caring for the special needs of these patients. It is now possible to resort to a technology that takes into account a great number of subjective relationships that are not, generally, observed or disclosed.
A partir da necessidade de um instrumento especÃfico para avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com lesÃo medular no idioma brasileiro, realizou-se este estudo que teve como objetivos: traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para a lÃngua portuguesa Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index Spinal Cord Injury Version â III e caracterizar a amostra quanto aos aspectos sociodemogrÃficos e clÃnicos. Estudo do tipo metodolÃgico, no qual obteve-se autorizaÃÃo da autora para utilizaÃÃo do instrumento. Inicialmente procedeu-se a etapa de traduÃÃo com a participaÃÃo de seis tradutores, em seguida a adaptaÃÃo cultural pela confrontaÃÃo de cinco juÃzes. A amostra do prÃ-teste constituiu-se de 30 pacientes com lesÃo medular selecionados a partir do banco de dados disponibilizados pelo NÃcleo de Pesquisa e ExtensÃo em Enfermagem NeurolÃgica, e que atenderam aos critÃrios de inclusÃo. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de agosto a novembro/2013, por meio da utilizaÃÃo da versÃo final traduzida para o portuguÃs denominada de Ãndice de LesÃo Medular e Qualidade De Vida â VersÃo III e um questionÃrio com dados sociodemogrÃficos e clÃnicos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa, Parecer n 344.927/2013. Obteve-se um Ãndice com 74 itens, divididos em duas partes (satisfaÃÃo / importÃncia), com alguns ajustes para facilitar a compreensÃo, dos quais resultaram em quatro acrÃscimos de pronome ou artigo para variaÃÃo do gÃnero; nove retiradas de uma palavra ou artigo; duas mudanÃas de uma palavra para uma expressÃo; quatro expressÃes adicionais com o intuito de exemplificar; quatro ajustes em expressÃes; nove mudanÃas de apenas uma palavra. Desse modo, obteve-se ao todo 24 modificaÃÃes. Quanto aos critÃrios de equivalÃncia semÃntica do Ãndice observou-se que, em relaÃÃo a ortografia o percentual de itens avaliados como TraduÃÃo Muito Adequada foi superior a 87%, vocabulÃrio e gramÃtica a 86%. Na equivalÃncia idiomÃtica obteve-se valores superior a 74%, na equivalÃncia experimental superior a 78% e na equivalÃncia conceitual superior a 70%. A anÃlise estatÃstica para as avaliaÃÃes semÃntica, idiomÃtica, experimental e conceitual por meio do kappa apontou de ligeira a moderada a concordÃncia das anÃlises entre os pares, ao adotar (p ≤ 0,05). Conclui-se que este instrumento apÃs ser adaptado transculturalmente demonstrou ser adequado do ponto de vista semÃntico, idiomÃtico, experimental e conceitual, alÃm de fÃcil aplicaÃÃo para avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com lesÃo medular. O estudo possibilitou a ampliaÃÃo do saber cientÃfico da enfermagem, em especial aos profissionais que atuam na Ãrea neurolÃgica, por possibilitar o planejamento, as intervenÃÃes e avaliaÃÃo de cuidados direcionados Ãs necessidades tÃo peculiares destes pacientes, podendo agora recorrer a uma tecnologia que mensura muitas relaÃÃes subjetivas e que nÃo sÃo observadas ou reveladas.
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Al, Ghadeer Abdulraof. "Cross-cultural adaptation of a child oral health-related quality of life measure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/crosscultural-adaptation-of-a-child-oral-healthrelated-quality-of-life-measure(2f7f6a0b-75a5-4690-852a-0760de81d278).html.
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Introduction and background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) marks a shift in the perception of health from the mere absence of disease and infirmity to complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. The impact of both general and oral health on quality of life has received increasing attention in recent years. OHRQoL assessments are used in oral health research, surveys and studies evaluating the outcome of oral care. If researchers have no appropriate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure in their own language, they have two options: to develop a new measure or to modify a measure that has previously been validated in another language, in a process known as cross-cultural adaptation. Aim of thesis: To assess the validity and reliability of Arabic versions of two OHRQoL questionnaires – the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8-10-year-olds (CPQ8-10) (Jokovic et al, 2003) and Parental Perceptions of Child Oral Health-related Quality of Life (P-CPQ6-14) (Jokovic et al, 2004) among Saudi children aged 8-10 years and their parents respectively. Method: Culturally equivalent Arabic forms of the CPQ8-10 and P-CPQ6-14 were created following the guidelines of Guillemin et al (1993). Seventy-five children aged 8 to 10 years and their parents attending three dental clinics in Alhasa, Saudi Arabia, completed the questionnaires. A further 75 children and their parent from a dental clinic in London and a community clinic were recruited in England. Results: The score means and psychometric properties were similar to the original development scale in the parental and child questionnaires obtained by Jokovic et al (2003) and Jokovic et al (2004) respectively. The Saudi version of the CPQ8-10 also showed good internal consistency for all subscales and the total scale (all Cronbach’s alpha > 0.50). There were no significant differences in OHRQoL for children in the two national samples for the total scale and subscales (p > 0.05), except for social wellbeing (p = 0.018). Comparison of Saudi and English parents found no significant differences on the total scales or any subscales (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The Arabic versions of the CPQ8-10 and Parental/caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire developed for the study demonstrate cross-cultural equivalence according to the criteria provided by Guillemin et al (1993). The Arabic version of the CPQ8-10 also shows good internal consistency and discriminant validity. In order to assess the change of oral health status and quality of life over time, a prospective study with appropriate sample size is recommended.
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Wong, Wai-ming Francis. "The association between socioeconomic and demographic factors, and quality of life in the general population." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36887043.
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Nayoan, Johana. "Self-regulation and quality of life after a heart attack : a cross-cultural study." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2010. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/10113/.
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Objective. Coronary heart disease has been on the rise in poorer countries and decreasing in developed countries over the last twenty years. However, the cardiac-related health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in poorer countries has not been studied. This study aimed to compare HRQOL following heart attack in a developing country in the East with that of a developed country in the West. Using the self-regulation of health and illness behaviour, the relationships between illness beliefs, coping cognitions and HRQOL are studied. Design. This study was a cross-sectional correlational survey and data were collected shortly before myocardial infarction patients were discharged from hospital. Methods. A sample of 243 individuals from the UK and Indonesia were recruited. Illness beliefs were assessed with the B-IPQ, along with coping cognitions (Brief-COPE) and health-related quality of life (MacNew questionnaire). Results. Illness beliefs and coping cognitions predicted HRQOL in the combined sample. Some aspects of socio-demographic and clinical variables were concurrently associated with HRQOL. Conclusion. The results demonstrate that people in the East have low illness beliefs and these are associated with worse HRQOL compared with those in the West. The findings suggest that there is an urgent need for smoking cessation campaigns in the East, while the West could benefit more from tailored-cardiac rehabilitation programme.
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Maslov, Anton V. "Russian manufacturing industry : gaining competitiveness through organisational excellence : a study of quality practices, leadership and cultural differences." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403017.
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Pethtel, Olivia Lee. "Age and Cultural Differences in Cognitive and Affective Components of Subjective Well-Being." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1253832092.
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Toussaint, Loren, Fuschia Sirois, Jameson Hirsch, Niko Kohls, Annemarie Weber, Joerg Schelling, Christian Vajda, and Martin Offenbaecher. "Anger Rumination Mediates Differences Between Fibromyalgia Patients and Healthy Controls on Mental Health and Quality of Life." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1445.
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The present study examined differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls on anger rumination, mental health and quality of life and tested anger rumination as a mediator of patient–control differences in mental health and quality of life. Participants were a propensity score‐matched sample of 58 fibromyalgia patients and 58 healthy controls. Participants completed measures of anger rumination, depression and anxiety and quality of life. Patients were higher than controls on all anger rumination scales and depression and anxiety and lower on quality of life. All anger rumination scales were related to poorer mental health and quality of life. Patient–control differences on mental health and quality of life were mediated by anger rumination. In multiple mediator models, the only subscale with unique mediating effects was anger memories. Anger rumination has potent associations with mental health and quality of life, and differences between patients and controls on mental health and quality of life are partially mediated by differences in anger rumination. Addressing tendencies to ruminate on anger experiences in the care of fibromyalgia patients may offer an important avenue to improved health and quality of life.
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Alkhathami, Saleh. "Social anxiety and quality of life in adolescents : cognitive aspect, social interaction and cultural tendency." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/576435.
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Aim: In recent years, research has concluded that social anxiety plays a key role in quality of life. The overall aim of this research was to evaluate social anxiety in adolescents with respect to determining how social anxiety affects quality of life. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study. A pilot study was conducted to cross-culturally adapt all scales by the recommended translated and back-translated method. The correlations of socio-demographic parameters with the SAS-A scores were examined. Data from a sample of 564 students (273 boys 48.4%, 291 girls 51.6%) were analysed. Adolescents from Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom were screened and compared. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilised to build the proposed model based on prior research and theoretical findings. Finding: No significant sex difference in the SAS-A total score, fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance were found. Comparing the boys and girls on SPIN scores, Fear, Avoidance and Authority Problems, the results showed that boys reported higher in SPIN total, fear and avoidance (except authority problem subscale score) than did girls. SAS-A scores were higher in those with a low socio-economic level. Moreover, social anxiety symptoms among Saudi adolescents were more severe in boys. Results showed that adolescents without social anxiety scored higher on quality of life and its subscales than adolescents with social anxiety as measured by ASA-A. No significant difference was found in psychical health. Adolescents without social anxiety scored higher on quality of life and its subscales than adolescents with social anxiety as measured by SIAS. Adolescents without social anxiety scored on Positive Individualism more than adolescents with social anxiety. No significant difference was found in Positive Relatedness. In the cross-cultural study, the results showed no significant difference on SIAS scores for Saudi adolescents and British adolescents. However, a marginally significant differences was found on BAI scores, where Saudi adolescents reported higher level of anxiety than British adolescents. The British sample reported higher on the fear of negative evaluation than the Saudi sample. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilised to test hypotheses on the links between scores on the study scales. The findings indicate that the overall fit of the SAS-A model was acceptable. Direct effects between the study variables and significant positive correlation between cognitive factors and social anxiety were found. Mediation effects of SAS-A and SPIN were investigated by reporting direct effects, indirect effects and total effects. Results indicte that social anxiety significantly mediated the relationships between subjective anxiety, positive individualism, and cognitive and environmental health. Conclusion: It is therefore imperative that socially anxious students be provided with appropriate consultations and treatment so that they can improve their quality of life through integrating better with social institutions. If untreated, the impairment caused by social phobia could lead to poor academic and professional outcomes, as well as poor psychosocial outcomes.
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Fairbrother, Dana. "Differential prediction of life satisfaction in individualistic and collectivistic cultures towards integration of personality and cultural models /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/d_fairbrother_042210.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in counseling psychology)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 29, 2010). "Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-45).
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Lee, Dong-Jin. "The effects of managers' cultural distance, ethnocentrism, and quality-of-life (QOL) orientation on program standardization /." This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-152058/.
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Yi, Tong-jin. "The effects of managers' cultural distance, ethnocentrism, and quality-of-life (QOL) orientation on program standardization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38049.
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Busson, Donna M. "Residents' Perceptions of Quality of Life in a Culturally Diverse Long-Term Care Environment." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1335896185.
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Wong, Wai-ming Francis, and 黃偉明. "The association between socioeconomic and demographic factors, and quality of life in the general population." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724979.
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Azeb, Girmai. "Cultural Tourism as Creating Opportunities for Livelihood Diversification in Ethiopia." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253404.
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Kaholokula, Joseph Keaweʻaimoku. "Ethnic differences in the relationship between depression and health-related quality of life in persons with Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6895.
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This study examined ethnic differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and eight aspects of health-related quality of life and the moderating effects of glycemic control and socio-demographic factors in persons with type 2 diabetes. Data from 190 people of Native Hawaiian, Japanese, Filipino, and mixed-ethnic ancestries with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Using the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36), the eight aspects of health-related quality of life examined were Physical Functioning, Role-Physical Functioning, Role-Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, Bodily Pain, Vitality, General Health, and Health Transition. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale. Results indicated that seven of the eight SF-36 subscales were significantly correlated with CES-D scores in the combined sample, controlling for glycemic control, social support, and socio-demographic variables. Significant ethnic differences in the relationship between CES-D scores and the SF-36 subscale scores of Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, and Role-Physical Functioning subscales were found. Differential moderating effects were found across ethnic groups and across SF-36 subscales for glycemic control, sex, marital status, education level, and social support. The results and implications of this study were discussed in the context of past studies and cultural explanations for the ethnic differences were explored.xvii, 201 leaves
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Soares, JoseÌ Miguel. "A study of the influence of cultural differences on perceptions of quality in retail banking in England, Portugal and Spain." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396393.
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Domingues, Elaine Aparecida Rocha 1985. "Adaptação cultural e validação do Freiburg Life Quality Assessment (FLQA) - Wound para a língua portuguesa do Brasil." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311463.
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Orientador: Neusa Maria Costa AlexandreDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T00:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingues_ElaineAparecidaRocha_M.pdf: 4577350 bytes, checksum: f80761f458c94b4e1cb0e338f6cfcf63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Feridas crônicas são aquelas que cicatrizam em um período superior a seis semanas e acometem milhões de indivíduos no mundo. A demora na cicatrização e o elevado índice de recidivas afetam a qualidade de vida do indivíduo com ferida. No Brasil há uma escassez de questionários específicos para analisar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com feridas de qualquer etiologia. Dessa forma, o presente estudo apresenta como objetivo adaptar o "Freiburg Life Quality Assessment - Wound" para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas. A adaptação cultural foi realizada seguindo as etapas de tradução, síntese das traduções, retro-tradução, comitê de especialista, préteste e grupo focal. Participaram da pesquisa 200 indivíduos com idade média de 59 anos (±14,0), predominaram o sexo feminino (62%) e com maior frequência no ensino fundamental (48,2%) e com úlcera de etiologia venosa (45%). A confiabilidade foi avaliada pela consistência interna e estabilidade. O alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,86 e o teste reteste, apresentou uma elevada correlação de 0,92. A validade convergente foi obtida por meio da correlação dos domínios do índice de Qualidade de Vida Ferrans e Powers- versão feridas (IQVFP- VF) e com a pontuação de qualidade de vida da escala visual analógica (EVA). Os domínios do IQVFP- VF apresentaram correlações significativas, com valores entre -0,24 a - 0,48. Em relação a correlação com o escore de qualidade de vida da EVA o valor obtido foi de -0,38. Os resultados indicaram que a versão adaptada apresentou medidas psicométricas confiáveis e válidas para a população com feridas crônicas da cultura brasileira
Abstract: Chronic wounds are those that heal over six weeks period and affect million people all over the world. The healing delay and the high number of reappearance affect the quality of Life of the person with wounds. There is a lack of specific questionnaires in Brazil to analyze the quality of Life of people with wounds of any etiology. Thus, this study presents as object the adaptation of the "Freiburg Life Quality Assessment - Wound" to Brazilian Portuguese and assess its psychometric properties. The cultural adaptation was done following the translation steps, the summary of the translations, retro-translation, experts committee, pre-test and focal group. 200 people took part in the survey with an average of 59 years old (±14,0), the female gender prevailed with (62%) and with high school (48,2%) and with venous ulcers (45%). The reliability was evaluated for stability and internal consistency. The alpha of cronbach was of 0,86, and the test retest, presented a high correlation of 0,92. The convergent validity was obtained through the correlation of the domain of the Quality of Life index Ferrans and Powers- wounds version (IQVFP-VF) and with scores of quality of life visual analog scale (VAS). The domains IQVFP-VF showed significant correlations, with value between -0.24 to -0.48. Regarding the correlation with quality of life scores of the VAS value was - 0.38. The results indicated that the adapted version presented reliable and valid psychometrics measurements to the population with chronic wounds of the Brazilian culture
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
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LeBaron, Carly D. "Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse and Their Effects on Adult Romantic Relationship Quality: Gender Differences and Clinical Implications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2189.
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This study examined the relationship between self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse, relationship quality, possible gender differences, and clinical implications. Three hundred thirty eight women and 296 men who sought services at a university mental health clinic in the northeast region of the United States completed a 30-minute self-report assessment questionnaire before their first therapy session. Among the items in the questionnaire were measures of childhood physical abuse and sexual abuse, relationship stability, problems areas in the relationship, and other demographic information. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that childhood physical abuse influenced relationship quality for both men and women while childhood sexual abuse did not have a significant impact on relationship quality for either gender. The results of the study indicate that there may be more gender similarities than differences in experiences of childhood abuse and relationship quality than previous research suggests. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Seo, Jaesung. "Cross-cultural validity and equivalency of oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) measurement for Korean older adults." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42917.
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Introduction: Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is a widely used psychometric instrument or scale developed in English to measure Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHQoL), and there has been many translations of the instrument into other languages, including Korean.
Purpose: My thesis examines the validity and cultural equivalence of the English and Korean versions of the scale by answering the questions: “What methods are available to validate the cultural equivalence of psychometric instruments?” and “How culturally appropriate and valid is the Korean version of the short-form of the OHIP (OHIP-14K)?"
Method: Ten Korean dental experts fluent in English and Korean independently assessed the clarity, relevance, and cultural equivalence of the OHIP-14K and offered suggestions for improving the cultural sensitivity and validity of the instrument content. The item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was used to measure the validity of each item from the experts’ ratings followed by the calculation of Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) as the proportion of content valid items. Additional analyses including the average deviation index (ADM) and Kappa statistics (Kfree) were performed with the clarity index (CI), relevance index (RI) and cultural equivalence index (CEI) to measure the level of agreement between the experts.
Results: The experts rated the OHIP-14K as mostly clear (S-CVI= 0.93), but they were concerned about the relevance of many items to the expected domains of the instrument (S-CVI = 0.42) and about its cultural equivalence (S-CVI = 0.50) to the English version. However, there was much disagreement between the experts as measured by the RI (Kfree = 0.19 to 1.00) and CEI (ADM = 0.36 to 0.96).
Conclusion: The relevance and cultural equivalence of the OHIP-14K to the original English version of the OHIP-14 are not strong. Suggestions are offered for improving the OHIP-14K, which needs further testing within the Korean populations.
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van, Leeuwen Karen, Judith E. Bosmans, Aaltje PD Jansen, Stacey E. Rand, Ann-Marie Towers, Nick Smith, Kamilla Razik, et al. "Dutch translation and cross-cultural validation of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)." BioMed Central, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0249-x.
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Background: The Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit was developed to measure outcomes of social care in
England. In this study, we translated the four level self-completion version (SCT-4) of the ASCOT for use in the
Netherlands and performed a cross-cultural validation.
Methods: The ASCOT SCT-4 was translated into Dutch following international guidelines, including two forward
and back translations. The resulting version was pilot tested among frail older adults using think-aloud interviews.
Furthermore, using a subsample of the Dutch ACT-study, we investigated test-retest reliability and construct validity
and compared response distributions with data from a comparable English study.
Results: The pilot tests showed that translated items were in general understood as intended, that most items
were reliable, and that the response distributions of the Dutch translation and associations with other measures
were comparable to the original English version. Based on the results of the pilot tests, some small modifications
and a revision of the Dignity items were proposed for the final translation, which were approved by the ASCOT
development team. The complete original English version and the final Dutch translation can be obtained after
registration on the ASCOT website (http://www.pssru.ac.uk/ascot).
Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that the Dutch translation of the ASCOT is valid, reliable and
comparable to the original English version. We recommend further research to confirm the validity of the modified
Dutch ASCOT translation. (authors' abstract)
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Henderson, Kenya Y. Kemp. "Race Differences in Religiosity, Social Support, and Quality of Life among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Dallas/ Ft. Worth, TX." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84214/.
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This study examines race differences and the relationship between religiosity/ spirituality and social support on quality of life (QOL) among people living with HIV/AIDS in Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX. The data were obtained from the Project VOICES research study conducted by the Center of Psychosocial Health Research at University of North Texas in 2003. This study explores the hypotheses that religiosity/spirituality and social support positively influences quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS. The current study uses a diverse, gender-balanced sample consisting of African Americans (n = 156), aged 20-68, 47% male, 52% female and 1% transgendered) and Non-African Americans (n = 131), aged 19-65, 50% male, 46% female and 3% transgendered) (Caucasian, Latino, & others) to evaluate the relationship among variables of interest. Multiple regression analyses revealed that social support was a significant factor explaining quality of life (QOL) for African Americans when controlling for medical variables but did not for non-African Americans. Religiosity/spirituality was not found to be significant in this study. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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Saxton, Elizabeth Ann Pruitt. "A Prelimary Study of Differences Between Voluntary and Involuntary Retirement from Driving: Quality of Life and Depression in a Rural Population." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/378.
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Research has revealed a variety of negative health consequences for older adults who stop driving, and with the "graying of America," this will be a frequently encountered issue for healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in quality of life and depressive symptoms between former drivers who made the decision to stop driving voluntarily and former drivers who made the decision involuntarily (either in a resistant or in a reluctant manner). In this cross-sectional cohort comparison study, community dwelling older adults were asked to complete questionnaires of depression (using the Geriatric Depression Scale), and quality of life (QOL) (using the Short Form Health Survey-36 questionnaire). Descriptive statistics include data for each individual group separately; separate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data to determine if differences in QOL and depression exist between the groups. Results: the small sample (n=18) was predominantly comprised of women (15/18), most were widowed, and the age of participants was 81 years. No differences were detected between the three group means for the GDS, F(2, 15) = .782 (p = .47). Results for the SF-36 revealed differences between the group means in the mental health component summary was F(2,13) = 4.209, (p = .039). Conclusions: There are few differences between involuntary and voluntary former drivers demographics, but differences may exist between involuntary and voluntary former drivers' quality of life.
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Lam, Lo-kuen Cindy. "Cross-cultural validation and norming of the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) on Chinese adults in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3198180X.
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Busby, Andrea Kristin. "Sex Differences in Inflammation, Psychological Functioning, and Disease Outcomes Among COPD Patients Participating in Pulmonary Exercise Rehabilitation." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281625905.
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Chan, Kitty. "Exploring the relationships between positive mood and spiritual quality of life across an important Hong Kong Chinese cultural event." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675720.
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Positive mood is believed to enhance spiritual quality of life (QoL). A mixed-methods research approach (with 4 phases) was used to prospectively examine the relationships between positive mood and spiritual QoL in Hong Kong Chinese adults (18+ years old) with different spiritual backgrounds (Taoism, Buddhism, Christianity, agnostics and atheists) during the Chinese New Year (CNY). Phase 1: a cross-sectional survey (pilot: N=68, main study: N=445) field-tested the spiritual-religious-person belief (SRPB) domain (9 facets) in the WHOQOL-SRPB instrument. Internal consistency (α=.92) and test-retest reliability (α =.97) were good. The spiritual domain has higher correlations than the other QoL domains with the overall spiritual well-being scores (r=.76) of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and converged with the subscale indices religious well-being (r=.62) and existential well-being (r =.71). Phase 2: focus groups (pilot: N=8, main study: N=37) examined the subjects’ CNY experiences. Verbatim thematic analysis demonstrated that positive mood and spiritual QoL changes had been elicited in the past. Some respondents had a negative perception of the festival. Respondents who have negative experiences during the CNY should be identified in the subsequent phases of this study. Phase 3: it consisted of a three-wave longitudinal survey to investigate the relationships between mood and spiritual QoL scores 2 weeks before (n=528), 2 weeks after (n=457), and 8 weeks (n=206) after the CNY. The overall negative mood decreased immediately after the CNY (from 20.56, SD 6.83 to 19.54, SD 6.93, p=.049), while positive mood was increased only in the agnostic respondents (29.57, SD=6.63 to 31.24, SD=6.14, p=.003). Atheists had lower spiritual domain scores than the agnostic and religious subsamples. Unmet expectations had led to a decrease in spiritual QoL scores and an increase in negative mood. Phase 4: follow-up focus groups (N=16) revealed that moderated mood had initiated a positive reappraisal of the CNY experience. Consequently, three spiritual facets, peace, hope and meaning in life emerged in informants regardless of their positive or negative experiences. In conclusion, the findings supported a positive correlation between positive mood and spiritual QoL. This generated propositions regarding the pathways among spiritual activities, discrete mood and spiritual QoL for further testing. Second, the inclusion of the two spiritual facets, faith and connection, in the summated score of the SRPB domain of the WHOQOL instrument demands reconsideration.
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Gomboski, Gustavo. "Adaptação cultural e validação do City of Hope - Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionaire para a língua portuguesa no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-01082011-074203/.
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Considerando-se a falta de um instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida específico para pessoas estomizadas no Brasil, verificado após revisão bibliográfica de estudos sobre o tema em nosso meio, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação cultural e validar o instrumento City of Hope Quality of Life Ostomy Questionnaire (COH-QOL-OQ), para a língua portuguesa no Brasil. Após contato com a autora do instrumento original e obtenção de sua autorização para o desenvolvimento do processo de adaptação cultural e validação, o projeto recebeu também autorização do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre/RS. É um estudo do tipo metodológico, cujas etapas para adaptação cultural foram baseadas em Beaton et al (2002), modificado conforme preconizado e utilizado no Instituto Municipal d´ Investigación Médica de Barcelona (IMIM). Assim o processo de adaptação cultural, que caracterizou a primeira parte deste estudo, seguiu os seguintes passos: tradução, avaliação por comitê de juízes, grupo focal com pessoas estomizadas e retrotradução. A versão retrotraduzida foi aprovada pela autora do instrumento original, Dra. Márcia Grant e essa versão foi aplicada a 215 pessoas estomizadas, em três municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para avaliação de algumas de suas propriedades psicométricas. A consistência interna do instrumento, analisada por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (> 0,70), resultou nos escores 0,92 para QV Total e 0,82, 0,86, 0,83, 0,79 para os domínios BES, BEP, BEF, BEE, respectivamente. A validade de conteúdo foi avaliada por meio do nível de concordância entre os juízes, obtendo-se 70% A validade de critério concorrente, avaliada por meio da correlação (Pearson e Spearman) entre o item 16 do domínio BEP e os domínios do COH-QOL-OQ, verificando-se correlações entre 0,26 e 0,66. Quanto à validade de construto convergente por meio da correlação entre os domínios do COH-QOLOQ e do WHOQOL-Abreviado (coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e Spearman > 30) - os resultados variaram de 0,41 a 0,77. Finalmente, a validade de construto discriminante, em que se utilizaram os testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, tstudent e ANOVA, obteve-se discriminância na comparação para o tempo de estomizado, o caráter da estomia,, a situação conjugal, a prática da religião. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o COH-QOL-OQ teve desempenho satisfatório, atestando sua confiabilidade e mostrando-se válido para medir a QV de pessoas estomizadas.One considering the lack of an evaluation tool of specific quality of life for ostomized people in Brazil, verified after a bibliographical review of studies about the theme in our field, the goal of this study was to carry out the cultural adaptation and to valid the instrument City of Hope Quality of Life Ostomy Questionnaire (COH-QOL-OQ). After contacting the author of the original instrument and obtaining her permission, though it was an instrument of free use and developing of the cultural adaptation process, as shown in the site of the City of Hope National Medical Center (COHNMC), the project has also received authorization from the Committee of ethics in researches of the Municipal Health Secretary of Porto Alegre/RS. It is a study of methodological kind that was carried out based on the steps for cultural adaptation of Guillemin, Bombardier and Beaton adapted for Beaton et al and yet adjusted by the steps followed by the Municipal Institute of Medical Investigation of Barcelona (IMIM). Therefore, the process of cultural adaptation, that has described the first phase of this study, followed the following steps: translations, evaluation by a committee of judges, focal group with ostomized people and retro translation. The retro translated version was approved by the author of the original instrument, Dra. Marcia Grant and such version was clinically applied to 215 ostomized people in three towns of the State of Rio Grande do Sul for evaluation of the psychometric properties of measure. Reliability was analyzed through intern consistency given by coefficient alfa of Cronbach ( > 70%), that resulted in scores 0,92 for QV Total and 0,82, 0,86, 0,83, 0,79 for dominions BES, BEP, BEF, BEE, respectively. One has also evaluated the validity of the content with acceptance of the level of agreement among the judges around 70%. The validity of the opponent criteria was evaluated by the correlation among the item 16 of BEP dominion and the dominions of the COH-QOL-OQ and the validity of the convergent construct through the correlation among the dominions of the COH-QOL-OQ and of WHOQOL- Abbreviated (coefficients of correlation of Pearson and Spearman > 30). The results obtained were correlations between 0,26 to 0,66 for the opponent validity and 0,41 to 0,77 for the convergent validity. The validity of the discriminatory construct was evaluated by tests of Mann- Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, t-student and ANOVA and there was discrimination when the dominions scores were compared with time of ostomized, sort of ostomy, marital status, religion practice. Concerning the type of ostonomy, income, education, work, religion and age there were no discrimination. One is able to conclude that the COH-QOL-OQ had a good performance, certifying its reliability and showing itself valid to measure the QV construct of ostomized people.
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Veltri, Katie. "Participation in Yoga: Anxiety, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life Measures in College Students." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1008.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
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Bransteter, Irina. "Gender Differences in Severity and Symptoms of Post War Trauma and the Effects of Persisting Psychological Trauma on Quality of Life Among Bosnian Refugees Living in the United States." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1277921426.
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