Journal articles: 'Quality of regulation'

1

Sand, Jan Y. "Infrastructure quality regulation." Transport Policy 24 (November 2012): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.09.001.

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Knechel, W. Robert. "Audit Quality and Regulation." International Journal of Auditing 20, no. 3 (October 11, 2016): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12077.

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Auray, Stéphane, Thomas Mariotti, and Fabien Moizeau. "Dynamic regulation of quality." RAND Journal of Economics 42, no. 2 (May 30, 2011): 246–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2011.00132.x.

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4

Shamoo, Adil E. "Quality assurance and regulation." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 14, no. 1 (August 1991): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(91)90046-x.

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5

Fraser, Rob. "Price, quality and regulation." Energy Economics 16, no. 3 (July 1994): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-9883(94)90031-0.

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Weisman, Dennis L. "Price regulation and quality." Information Economics and Policy 17, no. 2 (March 2005): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.11.002.

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DE MESQUITA, ETHAN BUENO, and MATTHEW C. STEPHENSON. "Regulatory Quality Under Imperfect Oversight." American Political Science Review 101, no. 3 (July 26, 2007): 605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055407070359.

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We analyze the positive and normative implications of regulatory oversight when the policymaking agency can improve the quality of regulation through effort, but only some kinds of effort are observable by the overseer, and the overseer's only power is the ability to veto new regulation. Such oversight can increase the quality of agency regulation, but it also introduces inefficiencies—the agency underinvests in unobservable effort and overinvests in observable effort. Agencies have no incentive to conceal their activities from the overseer; the reforms that are likely to reduce inefficiency are therefore those that improve overseer expertise or lower the costs of agency disclosure, not those that compel disclosure. The normative implications depend on the relative severity of bureaucratic drift and slack problems. When slack is paramount, an overseer that is more anti-regulation than the agency or society improves social welfare, as long as it does not deter the agency from regulating entirely. When drift is paramount, oversight improves social welfare only when it deters regulation. In this case, regulatory oversight is weakly dominated by one of two alternatives: eliminating oversight or banning regulation.

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8

Hron, J., and T. Macák. "Control of food products’ quality." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 5 (June 1, 2009): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2009-agricecon.

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The paper deals with one of the significant parts of the concept related to controlling production quality, which is the analysis of production quality stability done for the following production procedure regulation aimed at the food manufacturing industry. The proposed methodology (respecting the change of location and variability of the food quality characteristics) will be introduced on the milk quality regulation. Also, there is the frequent problem solved out here in the report that relates to food quality measuring – their self-regulation by using the statistical calculation of self-regulation higher classes’ coefficients and also using the functional statement taken from the differential description.

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9

Chen, Min, and Konstantinos Serfes. "Minimum quality standard regulation under imperfect quality observability." Journal of Regulatory Economics 41, no. 2 (October 14, 2011): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-011-9165-0.

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10

Schumacher, R., and W. Stadler. "FRUIT SET REGULATION AND QUALITY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 326 (February 1993): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.326.4.

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11

Nicoles, John. "Commentary on Air Quality Regulation." Journal of Forestry 115, no. 4 (July 2, 2017): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.2016-112r1.

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12

Ogus, Anthony. "Quality Control for European Regulation." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 2, no. 4 (December 1995): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x9500200402.

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13

Chung, Kee H., and Chairat Chuwonganant. "Regulation NMS and Market Quality." Financial Management 41, no. 2 (April 24, 2012): 285–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053x.2012.01184.x.

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14

Spector, William D., and Margaret L. Drugovich. "Reforming Nursing Home Quality Regulation." Medical Care 27, no. 8 (August 1989): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198908000-00003.

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15

Alliston, Tamara. "Biological Regulation of Bone Quality." Current Osteoporosis Reports 12, no. 3 (June 4, 2014): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11914-014-0213-4.

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Gieselmann, Annika, Renate de Jong-Meyer, and Reinhard Pietrowsky. "Sleep quality and self-regulation." Somnologie 22, no. 1 (September 12, 2017): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11818-017-0137-1.

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17

Henty, Neil. "Regulation leads to better quality." Early Years Educator 14, no. 3 (July 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2012.14.3.5.

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18

Ma, Ching-to Albert, and James F. Burgess. "Quality competition, welfare, and regulation." Journal of Economics 58, no. 2 (June 1993): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01253480.

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19

Rogat, Toni Kempler, and Karlyn R. Adams-Wiggins. "Other-regulation in collaborative groups: implications for regulation quality." Instructional Science 42, no. 6 (May 7, 2014): 879–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11251-014-9322-9.

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20

Byttebier, Koen, and Jolien De Troyer. "Legislation Comment: The EU’s Attempt for a High-Quality Securitisation Market: A Success Story?" European Business Law Review 33, Issue 6 (October 1, 2022): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2022041.

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This Comment discusses the new regulatory framework for securitisation operations in the European Union. In 2017, the EU adopted two Regulations to support the securitisation market: Regulation 2017/2402, also known as the ‘Securitisation Regulation’, and Regulation 2017/2401, also known as the ‘Securitisation Prudential Regulation’. These regulations introduced the so-called ‘STS-requirements’, being requirements for simple, transparent, and standardised securitisations that are considered of high quality in the securitisation market. The aim of this article is to assess whether the EU’s attempt for establishing a high-quality securitisation market has been successful and to identify which problems remain after said attempts for installing a more flexible regulatory framework. Securitisation, European Union, STS, Regulation 2017/2401, Regulation 2017/2402, simplicity, transparency, standardisation, high quality securitisations

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21

Setiadi, Wicipto. "The Urgency of Regulatory Reform in Order to Support Indonesia’s National Development." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2018.v07.i04.p01.

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Poor regulation quality contributes negatively to the regulation and law enforcement in the life of the state. The indicator of the poor quality of regulation includes, among others, the large number of regulations requested for judicial review and effectiveness of the implementation of regulations. There are several regulatory issues in Indonesia today, including the existence of multiple interpretations; potential conflict; overlap, principle mismatch, weak implementation effectiveness, not harmonious/out of sync; inconsistent; create unnecessary burdens, both on the target group and the affected groups. Base on these regulatory conditions, regulatory reform is very important and urgent. Given this very basic regulatory issue, it is necessary to make improvements in the regulatory field from upstream to downstream which leads to quality, orderly and simple regulations known as regulatory reform. The purpose of the study is to examine regulatory reform in order to support Indonesia's national development. research is done by doing literature research, or commonly known as the literature study. The Study shows that in order for a regulation to be good, it must fulfill several principles, namely: good norm, good process, and good drafting. Regulatory reform implementation is carried out through a) simplification of existing regulations; b) reconceptualization of the procedures for establishing regulations; c) institutional restructuring of regulation formation; and d) strengthening/empowering human resources with integrity. Good quality of democratic political dimension and progressive legal quality are needed to improve the quality of regulation

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22

Kumar, Manoj. "Decision of Suppliers and Consumers of Credence Good in Quality Food Markets." International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models 1, no. 2 (July 2016): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfbmbm.2016070104.

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Most food products can be classified as “credence” goods and regulations exist to provide consumers with a substitute for the lacking information and trust. The paper presents an analysis of the decisions of suppliers and consumers about “credence” good in three institutional scenarios, which reflect different levels of credibility of the regulation. The first scenario is a reference scenario in which the regulation is fully credible. In the second case considered there is no regulation, or, if there is, it is totally ineffective. In the third scenario a regulation only partially credible provides consumers with an imperfect substitute for the information and trust they lack. The last section of the paper discusses the possible implications of the results reached in explaining the limited effectiveness of many regulations concerning food quality.

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23

Langset and Tore. "Quality Dependent Revenues — Incentive Regulation of Quality of Supply." Energy & Environment 13, no. 4-5 (September 2002): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830502320939679.

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24

Zhou, Xiangyun. "Can the dual-rating regulation improve the rating quality of Chinese corporate bonds?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): e0259759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259759.

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We developed a dual-reputational rating shopping model to introduce public and institutional reputations. Investor’s and regulator’s penalty rates are described as public and institutional reputations, respectively. We achieved the available conditions of single-rating and dual-rating regulations to prevent rating inflation in this model. To examine the regulatory effects of different types of regulations on Chinese corporate bond ratings, we utilize panel ordered logit models. Theoretical analysis and empirical tests show that, when the reputation effect is low, the single-rating regulation is better at improving rating quality, and when the reputation effect is high, the dual-rating regulation induces rating agencies to provide more accurate ratings. Compared to the regulatory effects of the single-rating and the multi-rating regulations, the dual-rating regulation most effectively improves the rating quality of corporate bonds and prevents rating inflation.

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25

Hrenov, V. A., G. V. Gurinovich, I. S. Patrakova, and L. S. Kudryashov. "Beef quality regulation by dry aging." Meat Industry Journal, no. 9 (2022): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37861/2618-8252-2022-09-24-28.

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26

Bjørner, Thomas Bue, Jacob Victor Hansen, and Astrid Fanger Jakobsen. "Price cap regulation and water quality." Journal of Regulatory Economics 60, no. 2-3 (October 22, 2021): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-021-09439-y.

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AbstractA number of studies suggest that price cap regulation may reduce the quality of the regulated good. This paper analyzes the impact on drinking water quality of a shift from cost-of-service to price cap regulation in Denmark, using a balanced panel of drinking water companies, for the period 2008 to 2016. The price cap was introduced in 2011 for companies above a certain threshold size. We exploit this quasi-experimental setting to estimate the impact of the shift in regulation using a regression discontinuity difference-in-differences approach. Our measure of drinking water quality is based on results from a compulsory surveillance drinking water testing program, which investigates whether or not water samples contain a level of microbiological content that exceeds limit values. More specifically, we compare the change over time in water quality for a treatment group of 113 companies regulated with price caps that have a size close to the threshold size for being regulated, with the change in drinking water quality for a control group of 282 companies that are below but close to the threshold size. We find that the shift in regulation has not caused a reduction in drinking water quality in Denmark.

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27

Delfanti, Maurizio, Elena Fumagalli, Paola Garrone, Luca Grilli, and Luca Lo Schiavo. "Toward Voltage-Quality Regulation in Italy." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 25, no. 2 (April 2010): 1124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2009.2035918.

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28

Oughton, David, and Chris Willett. "Quality Regulation in European Private Law." Journal of Consumer Policy 25, no. 3-4 (September 2002): 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1020388020660.

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29

WRIGHT, DONALD J. "Television Advertising Regulation and Program Quality." Economic Record 70, no. 211 (December 1994): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1994.tb01854.x.

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30

Fumero, S., and P. Zaninelli. "Less or more quality assurance regulation?" Accountability in Research 2, no. 3 (January 1992): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08989629208573813.

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31

Newsome, P. R. H. "Dental technicians: regulation and quality assurance." British Dental Journal 210, no. 1 (January 2011): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.1183.

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32

Claus, S. "Dental regulation: Christmas Quality Care inspection." British Dental Journal 223, no. 12 (December 2017): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.1097.

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33

Anderson, R. K. "Product quality regulation in open economies." Economics Letters 45, no. 3 (January 1994): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(94)90035-3.

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34

Reshetnikova, Elena. "INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF FOOD QUALITY REGULATION." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 1 (2020): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-1-24-39.

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35

Barnes, Fod. "Regulation and quality in monopoly industries." Public Money & Management 8, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540968809387462.

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36

Façanha, Luis Otávio, and Marcelo Resende. "Price cap regulation, incentives and quality:." International Journal of Production Economics 92, no. 2 (November 2004): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2003.10.015.

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37

AI, Chunrong, Salvador Martinez, and David M. Sappington. "Incentive Regulation and Telecommunications Service Quality." Journal of Regulatory Economics 26, no. 3 (November 2004): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-004-7551-6.

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38

Li, Hongli, Gangshuai Liu, and Daqi Fu. "Transcriptional regulation of tomato fruit quality." Postharvest Biology and Technology 202 (August 2023): 112393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112393.

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39

Williams, M. L. "Relating Vehicle Emission Regulations to Air Quality." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 4 (October 1988): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_180_02.

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The European regulations governing the emissions of gaseous pollutants from gasoline-engined motor vehicles is reviewed and discussed, including the so-called ‘Luxembourg Agreement’. The relationship between the regulation emission limits and those measured in practice from ‘as-received’ vehicles in use is also discussed. Having discussed the relationship between regulations and emissions, the further relationships between vehicle emissions and air quality are also discussed, giving particular attention to carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and lead.

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40

Vladimirovich, Martynenko Evgeny. "International legal regulation of the education quality." Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gssfj-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe category of education quality in the system of higher professional education acts as providing high competitiveness, optimal organization and management of the educational process, as well as access to the world market of educational services. We can talk about the international legal regulation of the quality of education relatively arbitrarily, bearing in mind the practical absence of normative legal acts regulating the relations of subjects of international educational law in the field of regulating the quality of education. We can talk about the international component of assessing the quality of education in the context of the Bologna Declaration, because the Bologna process strengthens the European emphasis on assessment and quality control, accreditation, takes a course towards convergence of standards and assessment procedures. Among the most important reforms proclaimed by the Bologna Declaration, the development of European cooperation based on developed comparable criteria and methods is named. In a resolution of the Congress of European Rectors of Universities (Salamanca, March 29–30, 2001), quality is defined as the “cornerstone”, the “fundamental condition” of trust, relevance, mobility, compatibility, and attractiveness. Rectors reaffirmed their intentions to seek mutually recognized mechanisms for assessing, controlling and certifying quality.

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41

Sari, Nurhaslita. "Pendampingan Penyusunan Rancangan Peraturan Daerah tentang Pencegahan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Perumahan Kumuh dan Permukiman Kumuh Kota Lhokseumawe." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Darma Bakti Teuku Umar 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/baktiku.v1i1.1406.

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Regional Regulation (Perda) concerning Prevention and Improvement of Quality of Slums and Slums is an instrument to prevent the growth and development of slums in livable housing and settlements and to improve the quality of housing and settlements that are indicated as slums to become livable. Regional regulations on the Prevention and Improvement of Quality of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements are expected to contain regulations as regulated in national legislation and are equipped with specific local content for each region and to assist the Regional Government in the drafting process of the Regulation on Prevention and Quality Improvement of Slums and Slum Settlements, the Government (in this case the Directorate of Settlement Development, Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works) has prepared a Regional Regulation Model on the Prevention and Quality Improvement of Slums and Slums. The purpose of the drafting of this Perda Model is to provide references and examples of regulations on prevention and improvement of the quality of slums and slums that have accommodated various provisions in national legislation.

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42

Najdenkoska, Anita, Zorica Arsova-Sarafinovska, Lence Velkovska-Markovska, Mirjana Jankulovska, and Claudia Zoani. "Infrastructure for food safety and quality." Hrana i ishrana 62, no. 2 (2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/hraish2102028n.

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The METROFOOD-RI is a new European infrastructure that provides high-quality services to the food sector particularly for food quality and safety. Hub and Node model is selected, with a Central Hub in Italy and a network of 48 institutes from 18 countries. The operational part of the physical infrastructure is developed through inventory of equipment, during the METROFOOD-PP project. The state-of-the-art equipment is selected for the service provision particularly for determination of the actual parameters for food safety and quality according to EU and/or National Regulations, and for that purpose is selected e.g., gas and liquid chromatography GC-MS (/MS), and/or LC-MS (/MS)) than ICPMS (/MS), Orbitrap, TOF, Ion trap mass spectrometer (MS), laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, and others. The main parameters in estimating food quality are determination of content of proteins, fat, fatty acids, carbohydrates, fibers, vitamins, microand microelements and providing information about nutritional values, physico-chemical analysis, bioactive compounds, and authenticity. The most important parameters in assessing food safety are the determination of contaminants (mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, trace elements), pesticides and additives, which are regulated by the European regulations: Regulation 1881/2006 for contaminants, Regulation 396/2005 for pesticides, and Regulation 1333/2008 for additives. For addressing all these issues, analytical methods with a high degree of accuracy, precision and sensitivity, and a harmonized system for their application in analytical laboratories are required. Moreover, metrology concept must be applied to provide the basis for reliable measurements and confidence in measurement results, thus impacting the economy and society. Therefore, this pan-European Infrastructure will act in a dynamic way and its services will be adapted to the society needs to offer the best measurement results for ensuring food quality and safety.

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43

Arie, Marthen. "An Approach of Legisprudence Theory to Assess the Quality of Local Regulation." Hasanuddin Law Review 2, no. 3 (December 26, 2016): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v2i3.699.

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The applicable law (as a result of legislation) is not always a reflection of the society concerned. Local regulations in the area were impressed into law to be “forced” because it does not conform to the spirit and characteristics of the society. The formation of local regulation is increasingly complex and complicated when the process and its substance beside cannot be separated from the political process, it is also cannot be separated from social processes. The problematic of local regulation formation is indicated by the fact that the authorized institution to arrange the local regulation is still not sufficient to produce products of high quality local laws. Legisprudence theory may open new perspectives on the validity of norm or legitimacy of norm and by course using this approach the quality of local regulations will be more qualified. Although a political approach is more into the heart in the legislative process but legislation and regulation can be an important object. Legal theory is not only a basis on enforcement or implementation of the rule of law, but it is very useful theory in law-making.

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Lin, Tao, Lijun Wang, and Jingbo Wu. "Environmental Regulations, Green Technology Innovation, and High-Quality Economic Development in China: Application of Mediation and Threshold Effects." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 6882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116882.

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In this article, we consider sample data from 30 regions in China from 2004 to 2020. We use the entropy method to measure the high-quality development level, then examine the intermediary and threshold effects to verify the main paths by which green technology innovation mediates the relationship between environmental regulation intensity and the quality of economic development. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) There is a “U”-shaped relationship between environmental regulation intensity and high-quality economic development. When the environmental regulation intensity is low, there is a negative (inhibitory) relationship between the two, while there is a positive (promoting) relationship when the intensity is high. Furthermore, a high proportion of secondary industries inhibit high-quality development, perfect infrastructure and information access can promote high-quality development, and excessive population density hinders high-quality development. (2) There also exists a “U”-shaped relationship between environmental regulation intensity and green technology innovation, which forms a co-directional change relationship. Green technology innovation has a significant mediating effect on the impact of environmental regulation intensity on high-quality economic development. (3) The threshold effect test confirms the existence of double thresholds. When the green technology innovation level is not high, environmental regulations inhibit high-quality economic development. However, when green technology innovation reaches a certain level, environmental regulations will promote high-quality economic development. This paper has certain theoretical reference for achieving high-quality development goals; thus, our results are expected to provide theoretical support for China’s high-quality development.

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Zheng, Qian, and Qing Zhao. "Discussion on Quality Assurance under Specification of Decoration Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1666.

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With the rapid development of decoration industry, a number of laws and regulations have been issued on quality supervision in the decoration engineering. However, there are still many problems and hidden troubles under the restriction of regulations. Therefore, this paper finds out the reasons from the aspects of technology, environment and human operations, and puts forward the suggestions for the regulation and quality assurance of decoration.

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Guo, Wencheng, Jiandong Yang, Jieping Chen, and Yi Teng. "Effect Mechanism of Penstock on Stability and Regulation Quality of Turbine Regulating System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/349086.

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This paper studies the effect mechanism of water inertia and head loss of penstock on stability and regulation quality of turbine regulating system with surge tank or not and proposes the construction method of equivalent model of regulating system. Firstly, the complete linear mathematical model of regulating system is established. Then, the free oscillation equation and time response of the frequency that describe stability and regulation quality, respectively, are obtained. Finally, the effects of penstock are analysed by using stability region and response curves. The results indicate that the stability and regulation quality of system without surge tank are determined by time response of frequency which only depends on water hammer wave in penstock, while, for system with surge tank, the time response of frequency depending on water hammer wave in penstock and water-level fluctuation in surge tank jointly determines the stability and regulation quality. Water inertia of penstock mainly affects the stability and time response of frequency of system without surge tank as well as the stability and head wave of time response of frequency with surge tank. Head loss of penstock mainly affects the stability and tail wave of time response of frequency with surge tank.

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47

Guo, Quan, Jun Hong, Jing Rong, Haiyan Ma, Mengnan Lv, and Mengyang Wu. "Impact of Environmental Regulations on High-Quality Development of Energy: From the Perspective of Provincial Differences." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 11712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811712.

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Environmental regulation plays an important role in the green development of energy, and there are different classifications of environmental regulations in academic circles. This paper attempts to divide environmental regulation into “pure” formal environmental regulations and informal environmental regulations. By selecting the official statistical data samples of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2005 to 2020, and by referring to the Malmquist productivity index method and the mediation effect model, we explore pure environmental regulations. By analyzing the influence mechanism of “pure” formal environmental regulations and informal environmental regulation on energy green development, it is concluded that: (1) Informal environmental regulations have direct and indirect roles in promoting the energy green development index. (2) There is a “U-shaped” relationship between “pure” formal environmental regulations and green energy development. Based on the above conclusions, relevant suggestions are put forward. At the same time, through this division of environmental regulations, on the one hand, it provides a basis for the government to accurately formulate environmental policies, and on the other hand, it provides strong support for the government to scientifically implement environmental policies.

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48

Grennan, Matthew, and Robert J. Town. "Regulating Innovation with Uncertain Quality: Information, Risk, and Access in Medical Devices." American Economic Review 110, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 120–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180946.

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We study the impact of regulating product entry and quality information requirements on an oligopoly equilibrium and consumer welfare. Product testing can reduce consumer uncertainty, but also increase entry costs and delay entry. Using variation between EU and US medical device regulations, we document patterns consistent with valuable learning from more stringent US requirements. To derive welfare implications, we pair the data with a model of supply, demand, and testing regulation. US policy is indistinguishable from the policy that maximizes total surplus in our estimated model, while the European Union could benefit from more testing. “Post-market surveillance” could further increase surplus. (JEL D43, I18, L13, L51, L64, O31, O38)

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49

Eberhardie, Christine. "Nutritional supplements and the EU: is anyone happy?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 66, no. 4 (October 25, 2007): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665107005824.

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In 2000 an estimated £335×106 was spent on food supplements and herbal remedies in the UK. Until recently, The Trades Description Act 1968, the Food Safety Act 1990 and The Food Labelling Regulations 1996 (amended 2004) were the only form of regulation available to protect the public. The medical community has been concerned about the risk to patients of inaccurate dosages and poor-quality products as well as drug–nutrient and nutrient–nutrient interactions. Following growing concern about the type and quality of food supplements and herbal remedies available in the EU, the European Commission has published directives regulating food supplements (2002/46/EC) and herbal remedies (2004/24/EC and 2004/27/EC) available within the EU. The directives came into force in 2005 and limit the number and quality of permitted food supplements through the creation of a ‘positive list’ of approved supplements. In the present paper the new regulatory frameworks and the implications for the food supplement manufacturers, traditional and complementary therapists, the healthcare professions and patients will be examined. It would appear that there is considerable dissatisfaction with the regulations in their present form. Several questions remain: is regulation the answer; who decides which nutrients go on the positive list; what effect has the regulation had on patient safety and patient choice?

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Nie, P. Y., and Y. H. Chen. "A general equilibrium analysis of food industry considering the food quality." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 7 (July 18, 2014): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/115/2013-agricecon.

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By establishing a dynamic equilibrium model, the paper analyses the equilibrium of the food industry and the equilibrium about the food quality as well as quantity is achieved. Firstly, the study examines the effects of competitions on the price, outputs, profits and social welfare. The authors argue that competition reduces the food quality. Secondly, this paper shows that consumers benefit from the quality regulation while producers undertake a loss. Moreover, social welfare first increases then decreases with the regulation. Thirdly, the optimal quality regulation is presented and a higher quality regulation reduces competition, while the lower quality regulation promotes it. Finally, the effects of fixed costs on the equilibrium number of firms in the corresponding industry are captured.  

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quality of regulation'

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