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1

Kanjanapan, Yada, Scott Lien, Cindy Yang, et al. "Genomic and immune landscape of metastatic melanoma (MM) treated with pembrolizumab (PEM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 5_suppl (2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.184.

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184 Background: Predictive biomarkers for PEM in MM is an active area of research. Methods: INSPIRE (NCT02644369) is a biomarker-driven Princess Margaret Cancer Centre initiative to evaluate genomic and immunologic changes in tumor and blood of patient (pts) treated with PEM at 200 mg IV Q3W. Baseline (BL) and on treatment (post 2-3 doses of PEM) fresh tumor biopsies were collected for DNA/RNA sequencing, immune-profiling, and tumor PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (QualTek), with longitudinal blood collection for immunophenotyping. Results: As of 9/2017, 11 MM pts (9 cutaneous, 1 choroidal, 1 mucosal) were enrolled. Median treatment duration was 6 months (0.75 – 14.25); 7 pts remain on study. 7/11 (64%) pts had partial response (PR), 3/11 (27%) progressive disease (PD) and 1 was not evaluable (NE) per RECIST 1.1. Based on data for 8 pts (6 PR, 2 PD), higher percentage (%) PD-1 (mean 70 vs 12%), TIGIT (82 vs 43%) and 4-1BB (23 vs 4%) positivity on CD8 T cells in tumor vs blood was seen (all p < 0.05). In BL blood, lower % TIGIT positive CD8 T cells was detected in pts with PR vs PD (38 vs 58%, p < 0.05). T cell profile of 4 pts with paired BL and post PEM samples is shown in Table 1. Mean tumor PD-L1 score was 24% (0 - 90%), with no correlation to PEM response. Genomic analysis on 8 pts (5 PR, 2 PD, 1 NE) found mean tumor mutation burden (TMB) of 538. B2M deletion was seen in 2/2 PD and 0/6 PR pts. Among pts with PRs, 4/6 (67%) had TAP1 and TAP2 amplification post PEM therapy. HLA-A and HLA-B amplifications were each found in 3/6 (50%) PR pts, with only 1 present at BL. TMB was not associated with response to PEM. Conclusions: In this exploratory analysis of MM pts treated with PEM, there was significantly discordant T cell phenotype in tumor vs blood at BL. Our findings suggest B2M deletion to be associated with PEM resistance. The observed development of HLA-A/B and TAP1/2 amplification in 50-67% pts with PR post PEM suggests potential predictive significance, although further validation is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT02644369. [Table: see text]
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2

Ho, Carrie, Jonathan R. Fromm, Min Fang, et al. "Long-term efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab with R-CHOP as first-line therapy for DLBCL." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (2023): 7561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.7561.

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7561 Background: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) represents the historical 1st line treatment standard for DLBCL but fails to cure about 1/3 of patients. While generally ineffective in relapsed DLBCL-NOS, checkpoint inhibitors may have greater promise in untreated, immunocompetent patients. We previously reported safety and early efficacy of pembrolizumab plus RCHOP, noting objective responses in 90% of patients (CR 77%) and a 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 83%. We now report 5 year follow up of our study. Methods: Patients age > 18 with untreated DLBCL or grade 3b follicular lymphoma, intended to receive 6 cycles of R-CHOP, were eligible. Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV with R-CHOP was given in 21-day cycles for 6 cycles. For this updated analysis, progression and survival events, and immune-related toxicities, are reported. Additionally, prognostic factors including tumor PD-L1 expression (Qualtek/Merck) were re-analyzed. Results: 30 patients were treated (13/30 with IPI 3-5). Median follow up is now 4.8 years (95% CI, 4.5-5.4). Since our initial report (Smith BJH 2019) we have observed 1 additional relapse (alive after CAR-T therapy) and 2 deaths in remission (1 urothelial carcinoma, 1 respiratory failure in the setting of progressive ILD). 5-year PFS is 71% (CI, 54-94%) and 5-year overall survival 83% (CI, 71-98%). During the study period and at long term follow up, there were 8 total immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) among 7 patients (23%) (Table). Four were treatment-emergent AE (occurred within 90 days of completing treatment): grade 1 hyperthyroidism, grade 2 hyperthyroidism, grade 3 pneumonitis, and grade 3 rash. There were 4 late IRAEs: colitis, paraneoplastic pemphigus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Graves’ disease, occurring at 3, 5, 8, and 46 months after completing treatment, respectively. PD-L1 tumor expression was documented in 19 of 23 (83%) tested patients. At long-term follow up, none of the 19 patients who had any PD-L1 expression have relapsed. Two out of the 4 patients with no PD-L1 expression have relapsed. On univariate analysis, PD-L1 H-score >0 (p<0.0001) was associated with improved PFS. Conclusions: At 5 year follow-up, pembrolizumab plus R-CHOP has led to durable responses in most patients with the best outcomes in PDL1-expressing disease. Furthermore, the safety profile was manageable, with a low rate of grade 3 or higher IRAEs (10%) and no consistent pattern of late events. These data support ongoing strategies incorporating PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors in 1st line DLBCL therapy and confirmation of predictive biomarkers including tumor PD-L1 expression. Clinical trial information: NCT02541565 . [Table: see text]
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3

Gupta, Pooja, Shalini Tiwari, and Rajesh Kumar Tyagi. "A Simulation Study and Comparison of On-Demand Ad-hoc Routing Protocols using QualNet 5. 2." International Journal of Computer Applications 122, no. 6 (2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/21705-4818.

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4

Marabelle, Aurelien, Philippe Alexandre Cassier, Marwan Fakih, et al. "Pembrolizumab for previously treated advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma: Pooled results from the KEYNOTE-028 and KEYNOTE-158 studies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): 4020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.4020.

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4020 Background: Patients (pts) with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) have poor outcomes and few treatment options. We report a pooled analysis of pembrolizumab (pembro) antitumor activity and safety in the ASCC cohorts of the multicohort studies KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806; phase 1b) and KEYNOTE-158 (NCT02628067; phase 2), providing a robust sample size and longer follow-up. Methods: Eligible pts were aged ≥18 y with histologically/cytologically confirmed metastatic/unresectable ASCC, had prior failure of/intolerance to standard therapy or no standard therapy options, measurable disease (RECIST v1.1), ECOG PS 0/1, and a tissue sample evaluable for PD-L1/biomarkers (KEYNOTE-028 required PD-L1 positivity). Baseline PD-L1 expression was assessed using a prototype IHC assay (QualTek) in KEYNOTE-028 and the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay (Agilent Technologies) in KEYNOTE-158. Pts received pembro 10 mg/kg Q2W (KEYNOTE-028) or 200 mg Q3W (KEYNOTE-158) for 2 y or until PD/unacceptable AEs. The primary endpoint in both studies was ORR (per RECIST v1.1). Secondary endpoints were duration of response (DOR), PFS, OS, and safety. Results: 137 pts with ASCC were treated in KEYNOTE-028 (n = 25) or KEYNOTE-158 (n = 112) and were included in this analysis (median age, 61 y; 83.2% women; 73.0% had PD-L1–positive tumors). Median follow-up was 11.7 mo; 124 pts (90.5%) had discontinued treatment. ORR (95% CI) was 10.9% (6.3%–17.4%). 8 pts had CR and 7 had PR. ORR (95% CI) by PD-L1 status was 14.0% (7.9%–22.4%) in the PD-L1 positive group and 3.3% (0.1%–17.2%) in the PD-L1 negative group. Among all treated pts, median DOR was not reached (range, 6.0+ to 57.5+ mo). By Kaplan-Meier estimation, 84.6% of responders had a DOR ≥24 mo. Median PFS was 2.1 mo (95% CI, 2.0–2.1) and median OS was 11.7 mo (95% CI, 8.8–14.5). The 12-mo PFS and OS rates were 14.5% and 47.4%. 85 pts (62.0%) had +1 treatment-related AE, 24 pts (17.5%) with grade 3–4 events (no grade 5 events). 32 pts (23.4%) had immune-mediated AEs; 2 pts (1.5%) had infusion related reactions. Conclusions: In pts with previously treated advanced ASCC, pembro showed durable antitumor activity, particularly in pts with PD-L1–positive tumors, and manageable toxicity. Clinical trial information: NCT02054806 (KEYNOTE-028), NCT02628067 (KEYNOTE-158) .
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5

Qualter, Gina, Genoveva Murillo, Xinjian Peng, and David McCormick. "Abstract 275: Apalutamide inhibits the expression of regulatory genes for prostate cancer cell invasion and migration in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and Hi-Myc mouse prostate." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-275.

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Abstract The next generation antiandrogen, apalutamide (APA), improves both overall survival and metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). To investigate mechanisms of APA action in CRPC, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to characterize the effects of APA on prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and the expression of genes that regulate these processes. Exposure to 40 or 80 nM concentrations of APA for 24 hr inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP cells in both the presence and absence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). APA also inhibited LNCaP cell migration/invasion in the Boyden chamber assay. At the mRNA level (RT-PCR), APA down-regulated the expression of androgen receptor (AR), c-Myc, MMP-2, MMP-9, DANCR, and incRNA, and up-regulated TIMP-2 expression. Similar data were obtained for protein expression (western blot): APA down-regulated expression of AR, c-Myc, PCNA, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and up-regulated expression of TIMP-2. In the in vivo study, heterozygous male Hi-Myc mice received daily oral (gavage) administration of APA at doses of 0 (vehicle), 2, or 15 mg/kg/day beginning at age 8 weeks. Cohorts of mice were euthanized for prostate collection after 2 months, 3.5 months, or 5 months of APA administration. Daily oral administration of both dose levels of APA reduced accessory sex gland weights by over 50% at all three time points. Confirming and extending the results of in vitro studies in LNCaP cells, RT-PCR demonstrated that APA inhibited the expression of AR, c-Myc, lncRNA, DANCR, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the prostate of Hi-Myc mice, and upregulated the expression of TIMP-2. The maximum efficacy of APA was seen at 3.5 months of exposure. Because resistance to antiandrogen therapy commonly develops over time in clinical populations, a subline of LNCaP cells that is resistant to APA was derived and used to repeat in vitro cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression assays. The APA-resistant subline no longer expressed AR, but did express the AR variant, AR-V7. To determine whether cells can be resensitized to APA by inhibiting AR-V7 expression, AR-V7 was knocked down by siRNA. Comparisons of the effects of APA on gene expression in APA-resistant LNCaP cells and APA-resistant LNCaP cells in which AR-V7 had been knocked down demonstrated that knockdown of AR-V7 in APA-resistant LNCaP cells resensitizes those cells to APA. Although APA is an effective inhibitor of prostate cancer growth, development, and invasion in both preclinical models and clinical populations, strategies to overcome the apparent AR-V7-mediated resistance to antiandrogens are necessary to optimize its efficacy when administered over extended periods. Citation Format: Gina Qualter, Genoveva Murillo, Xinjian Peng, David McCormick. Apalutamide inhibits the expression of regulatory genes for prostate cancer cell invasion and migration in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and Hi-Myc mouse prostate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 275.
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6

Goedhart, Eva G., та Helen G. Grundman. "On the Diophantine equation $$X^{2N}+2^{2\alpha }5^{2\beta }{p}^{2\gamma } = Z^5$$ X 2 N + 2 2 α 5 2 β p 2 γ = Z 5". Periodica Mathematica Hungarica 75, № 2 (2017): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10998-017-0185-0.

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7

Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, and Mundayatan Haridasan. "Comparação da vegetação arbórea e características edáficas de um cerradão e um cerrado sensu stricto em áreas adjacentes sobre solo distrófico no leste de Mato Grosso, Brasil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 19, no. 4 (2005): 913–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062005000400026.

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Em alguns casos, cerrado sensu stricto e cerradão ocorrem lado a lado e sob condições edáficas e topográficas semelhantes. Como os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência de cerradão nessas situações ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a composição florística e a fitossociologia de um cerradão e um cerrado sensu stricto no leste mato-grossense e verificar se maior fertilidade do solo estava contribuindo para a ocorrência do cerradão. Em cada comunidade foi realizado um levantamento florístico e fitossociológico em 50 parcelas de 10 m×10 m, onde foram medidas todas as árvores com diâmetro maior do que 5 cm a 30 cm do solo. Foram coletadas amostras de solos de um perfil de 2 m de profundidade em cada área e amostras superficiais (0-10 e 10-20 cm). As fitofisionomias foram distintas quanto a florística, estrutura e fitossociologia. A área basal (21,4 m² ha-1) e altura média (6,4 m) do cerradão foram maiores do que as do cerrado sensu stricto (14,9 m² ha-1 e 3,7 m). No cerradão, as três espécies mais importantes foram Hirtella glandulosa Spreg., Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. e Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., somando 29% do Índice do Valor de Importância (IVI) total e no cerrado sensu stricto, foram Qualea parviflora Mart., Davilla elliptica A. St.-Hil. e Roupala montana Aubl., somando 20,5 do IVI total. Os solos sob ambas as fitofisionomias foram ácidos (pH < 5,0) e distróficos (Ca2+ < 0,4 cmol c kg-1), com altos teores de alumínio trocável (Al3+ > 1,3 cmol c kg-1). A fertilidade do solo não apresentou diferenças para corroborar a hipótese de que a ocorrência do cerradão ao lado do cerrado sensu stricto era devida à maior fertilidade do solo. O solo sob o cerradão apresentou textura mais argilosa em todo o perfil, o que pode significar maior disponibilidade de água para as árvores durante todo o ano. Esse é um aspecto que merece investigações no futuro.
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8

O'Donnell, Joseph. "5-2-1-0-0: Numbers to Live By." Journal of Cancer Education 21, no. 3 (2006): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15430154jce2103_1.

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9

Mufuta, Kadima Spyridon. "Analysis of the Objectives and Perspectives of the Interpreter Training Programme of the Université Pédagogique Nationale in the DRC." GPH-International Journal of Educational Research 7, no. 12 (2024): 01–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14565588.

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Abstract Since its inceptionin 2004, the School of Translation and Interpretation (ETI) of the Universit&eacute; P&eacute;dagogique Nationale (UPN) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been committed to training competent professional interpreters to meet market demands. However, despite the graduation of seventeen student cohorts, the training program has never been thoroughly evaluated, raising questionsabout its effectiveness and compliance with international standards. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the program, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses, using a methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results reveal significant structural and pedagogical challenges, while offering suggestions for improvement. <em>R&eacute;sum&eacute;:</em><em> </em> Depuis sa cr&eacute;ation en 2004, l'Ecole de traduction et d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation(ETI) de l'Universit&eacute; p&eacute;dagogique nationale(UPN) en R&eacute;publique d&eacute;mocratique du Congo (RDC) s'est engag&eacute;e &agrave; former des interpr&egrave;tes professionnels comp&eacute;tents pour satisfaire les besoins du march&eacute;. N&eacute;anmoins, malgr&eacute; la formation de dix-sept promotions d'&eacute;tudiants, le programme de formation n'a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;valu&eacute; de mani&egrave;re exhaustive, ce qui soul&egrave;ve des questions sur son efficacit&eacute; et sa conformit&eacute; aux normes internationales. Cet article pr&eacute;sente une analyse approfondie du programme, mettant en avant ses points forts et ses lacunes, gr&acirc;ce &agrave; une m&eacute;thodologie combinant des approches qualitatives et quantitatives. Les r&eacute;sultats r&eacute;v&egrave;lent des d&eacute;fis structurels et p&eacute;dagogiques importants, tout en proposant des suggestions pour son am&eacute;lioration. <strong><em>How to cite</em></strong><strong>: </strong>Spyridon, M. (2024). Analysis of the Objectives and Perspectives of the Interpreter Training Programme of the Universit&eacute; P&eacute;dagogique Nationale in the DRC. <em>GPH-International Journal of Educational Research</em>, 7(12), 01-14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14565588 <strong>1. Introduction </strong> La R&eacute;publique d&eacute;mocratique du Congo (RDC) est un pays riche en diversit&eacute; linguistique et culturelle, au centre de nombreuses interactions internationales, partenariats et relations bilat&eacute;rales et multilat&eacute;rales. Cette situation a conduit &agrave; une demande croissante en interpr&eacute;tation professionnelle au fil des ans. L'Universit&eacute; p&eacute;dagogique nationale (UPN), par le biais de son Ecole de traduction et d'interpr&eacute;tation (ETI), s'est engag&eacute;e &agrave; former des interpr&egrave;tes sp&eacute;cialis&eacute;s pour r&eacute;pondre &agrave; ces besoins. Cependant, les dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s rencontrent des difficult&eacute;s &agrave; s'adapter &agrave; un march&eacute; de l'emploi de plus en plus exigeant en termes de comp&eacute;tences. De plus, le programme n&rsquo;a jamais b&eacute;n&eacute;fici&eacute; d&rsquo;une &eacute;valuation depuis sa cr&eacute;ation. Le pr&eacute;sent travail de recherche questionne le programme&nbsp;de formation d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;tes de l&rsquo;ETI; ses d&eacute;faillances et les mesures &agrave; mettre en place pour qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;arrime aux exigences du march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi. Nous estimons que le programme fait face au manque des ressources et d&rsquo;une structuration ad&eacute;quate, ce qui n&eacute;cessite un renforcement de ces derni&egrave;res pour pallier ce manquement. Pour mener &agrave; bien cette &eacute;tude, nous nous sommes inspir&eacute;s de la th&eacute;orie de l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du programme de formation qui est une approche essentielle pour mesurer l&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; et l&rsquo;impact des programmes de formation. Parlant de l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du programme, Steele (1970&nbsp;: 8) donne une d&eacute;finition qui inclut trois &eacute;l&eacute;ments essentiels dans l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation de programme&nbsp;: crit&egrave;res, preuves et jugement. L&rsquo;auteuraffirme que: Program evaluation is the process of judging (or a judgement as to) the worth or value of a program. This judgement is formed by comparing &ldquo;evidence&rdquo; as to what program &ldquo;is&rdquo; with &ldquo;criteria&rdquo; as to what the program should be( too long to be put in quotation marks). [L&rsquo;&eacute;valuation de programme est un processus qui consiste &agrave; juger (ou &agrave; porter un jugement sur) la valeur d&rsquo;un programme. Ce jugement est form&eacute; en comparant &laquo;&nbsp;les preuves&nbsp;&raquo; de ce qu&rsquo;est le programme aux &ldquo;crit&egrave;res&rdquo; de ce que le programme devrait &ecirc;tre] (notre traduction).&nbsp; Stufflebeam (1980&nbsp;: 56) aborde la question dans le m&ecirc;me sens en soulignant que l&rsquo;objectif de l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation est de fournir des informations qui pourront guider &agrave; la prise de d&eacute;cisions dans le cadre de l&rsquo;am&eacute;lioration ou la refonte du programme. Dans le contexte didactique, l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation renvoie aux tests d&rsquo;aptitude, aux tests &agrave; mi-parcours ou finalement aux examens de fin d&rsquo;&eacute;tudes. Toutefois, dans le cadre des programmes de formation, l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation est &laquo;&thinsp;un ensemble d&rsquo;activit&eacute;s visant &agrave; attribuer une valeur au programme de formation ou &agrave; une ou plusieurs de ses composantes&thinsp;&raquo; (B&eacute;langer et al. 1988&nbsp;: 259). La d&eacute;termination de cette valeur permet aux acteurs concern&eacute;s (gestionnaires, formateurs, clients, promoteurs) de prendre une d&eacute;cision bien document&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;gard du programme de formation (le modifier, le suspendre). C&rsquo;est dans ce sens que Bhola (1992&nbsp;: 9) d&eacute;finit l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation comme &eacute;tant &laquo;&thinsp;un processus qui consiste &agrave; juger du m&eacute;rite ou de la valeur de quelque chose&thinsp;&raquo;. En ce qui concerne la formation des interpr&egrave;tes, les &eacute;tudes relatives &agrave; la formation des traducteurs-interpr&egrave;tes sont relativement r&eacute;centes par rapport &agrave; certaines disciplines connexes telles que la linguistique et l'apprentissage et l'enseignement des langues. Buckley et Caple (2004 : 6) font la distinction entre &laquo; education &raquo; et &laquo; training &raquo;. Ils soutiennent que le &laquo; training &raquo; est un processus qui a tendance &agrave; &ecirc;tre &laquo; plus m&eacute;canique &raquo; et orient&eacute; vers le travail. Il permet aux apprenants d&rsquo;acqu&eacute;rir les savoir-faire et savoir-&ecirc;tre qui sont n&eacute;cessaires &agrave; l&rsquo;exercice de leur profession &agrave; travers la pratique et la r&eacute;p&eacute;tition. Cependant, l&rsquo;&laquo; education&raquo; serait un processus organique orient&eacute; vers le d&eacute;veloppement personnel. Ainsi, la diff&eacute;rence entre ces deux types de formation pourrait aussi &ecirc;tre observ&eacute;e dans leurs contenus et objectifs.&nbsp; Kelly (2005 : 8)&nbsp;aborde la question sur l&rsquo;aspect &laquo;&nbsp;education&nbsp;&raquo;, il atteste que&nbsp;: la formation institutionnelle des traducteurs-interpr&egrave;tes n'est apparue qu'au milieu du XXe si&egrave;cle, et bien avant les traducteurs-interpr&egrave;tes &eacute;taient essentiellement soit des sp&eacute;cialistes de la langue, des bilingues, soit des autodidactes de la traduction et interpr&eacute;tation, voire des personnes qui suivaient une forme de formation professionnelle ou de mentorat aux c&ocirc;t&eacute;s de coll&egrave;gues plus exp&eacute;riment&eacute;s. Dans le m&ecirc;me enseigne, Pastor (2005&nbsp;: 41) affirme que &laquo;&nbsp;c&rsquo;est la formation qui d&eacute;termine la qualit&eacute; d&rsquo;un interpr&egrave;te et diff&eacute;rentie le professionnel d&rsquo;autres praticiens qu&rsquo;il appelle&nbsp; locals &raquo;. Pour ce qui est de la formation d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;tes, les acad&eacute;miciens utilisent les deux concepts, comme l&rsquo;explique Noraini (2008 : 80). On parlera alors de&laquo; interpreter training &raquo; et de&laquo; interpretereducation &raquo;. Toutefois, &agrave; travers des &eacute;l&eacute;ments d&rsquo;&eacute;claircissement, Noraini (2008 : 80) nous aide &agrave; distinguer les deux concepts dans la formation d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;tes&nbsp;: the term &lsquo;interpreter education&rsquo; is for interpreting programmes that are imparted to individuals who do not have any basic knowledge of interpreting upon enrolment in the programme. The term &lsquo;interpreter training&rsquo; refers to interpreting courses that are designed and implemented for those who already have a certain level of interpreting exposure. [le terme &laquo; interpretereducation &raquo; renvoie aux programmes de formation con&ccedil;us pour quiconque n&rsquo;ayant re&ccedil;u aucune connaissance de base en interpr&eacute;tation lors de son inscription au programme. Le terme &laquo; interpreter training &raquo; quant &agrave; lui renvoie aux cours d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation destin&eacute;s &agrave; quiconque a d&eacute;j&agrave; un certain niveau d&rsquo;exposition aux activit&eacute;s interpr&eacute;tatives] (notre traduction). <strong>2.&nbsp; M&eacute;thodologie</strong> Cette recherche a utilis&eacute; une m&eacute;thode &agrave; la fois quantitative et qualitative pour l&rsquo;analyse des donn&eacute;es. <strong>2.1. Taille de l&rsquo;&eacute;chantillon</strong> Nous avons pu constituer un &eacute;chantillon de quinze interpr&egrave;tes, onze &eacute;tudiants, vingt dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s, dix enseignants et trois membres de la direction de l&rsquo;ETI &agrave; qui nous avons administr&eacute; diff&eacute;rents questionnaires. Le nombre de r&eacute;pondants est de douze interpr&egrave;tes, onze &eacute;tudiants, quinze dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s, dix enseignants et trois membres de la direction du programme, ce qui fait un total de cinquante-et-un r&eacute;pondants.&nbsp; <strong>2.2. Traitement et analyse des donn&eacute;es</strong> Les donn&eacute;es recueillies dans le cadre de notre &eacute;tude sont pr&eacute;sent&eacute;es sous forme de tableaux et graphiques. De plus, les donn&eacute;es obtenues par la m&eacute;thode quantitative ont &eacute;t&eacute; soumises &agrave; un traitement statistique &agrave; l&rsquo;aide de Microsoft Excel. Une fois enti&egrave;rement cod&eacute;es, ces donn&eacute;es ont &eacute;t&eacute; export&eacute;es vers le logiciel SPSS pour effectuer des contr&ocirc;les suppl&eacute;mentaires de coh&eacute;rence, d&rsquo;&eacute;tendue des donn&eacute;es et de validation, afin d&rsquo;identifier les codes non valides. Cette &eacute;tape a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute;e gr&acirc;ce &agrave; des statistiques exploratoires. En outre, les donn&eacute;es recueillies par la m&eacute;thode qualitative ont &eacute;t&eacute; trait&eacute;es par une analyse de contenu. Cette approche permet d&rsquo;extraire des th&egrave;mes et des motifs significatifs &agrave; partir des r&eacute;ponses fournies, facilitant ainsi une compr&eacute;hension approfondie des perceptions et opinions exprim&eacute;es par les participants. <strong>4. Pr&eacute;sentation et analyse des r&eacute;sultats </strong> L&rsquo;analyse des donn&eacute;es sur l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du programme de l&rsquo;ETI s&rsquo;est faite suivant la m&eacute;thode quantitative et qualitative. La pr&eacute;sentation de toutes ces informations permettra d&rsquo;y d&eacute;gager les forces ainsi que les d&eacute;faillances auxquelles les ressources et composantes de l&rsquo;ETI pr&eacute;sentent par rapport au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi. Enfin il sera question de proposer des solutions pour relever ces d&eacute;fis et rendre ainsi le programme comp&eacute;titif. <strong>4.1. Donn&eacute;es d&eacute;mographiques</strong> <strong>4.1.1 La direction de l&rsquo;ETI</strong> Tableau 1: Sexe des administratifs <strong>Sexe</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;administratifs</strong> Masculin 2 F&eacute;minin 1 &nbsp; Tableau 2 : Age d&rsquo;administratifs <strong>Age </strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> 40-44 1 45-49 0 50 et + 2 &nbsp; Ces tableaux d&eacute;montrent que la direction du programme est constitu&eacute;e de trois administratifs, 2 du sexe masculin et une du sexe f&eacute;minin. Un administratif nage entre 40-44 ans tandis que les deux autres sont au-del&agrave; de 50 ans. Les trois membres de la direction sont: le directeur de l&rsquo;ETI, le secr&eacute;taire charg&eacute; de l&rsquo;enseignement et le secr&eacute;taire charg&eacute; de la recherche. <strong>4.1.2. Les enseignants</strong> Selon les donn&eacute;es recueillies de la part de la direction, le programme d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation de l&rsquo;ETI&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; compte 10 enseignants dans son ensemble au niveau Master. Les graphiques et tableaux ci-dessous apportent de la lumi&egrave;re sur le profil des enseignants. Tableau 3: Sexe des enseignants <strong>Sexe</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> Masculin 8 F&eacute;minin 2 &nbsp; Tableau 4 : Age des enseignants <strong>Age </strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> 25-29 0 30-34 1 35-39 2 40-44 2 45-49 0 50 et + 5 &nbsp; <strong>Tableau 5: Nationalit&eacute; des enseignants</strong> <strong>Nationalit&eacute;</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> Congolaise 10 Autre 0 &nbsp; Tableau 6: Qualification des enseignants <strong>Titre / dipl&ocirc;me</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> Professeurtitulaire 3 Chef des Travaux 6 Assistant deuxi&egrave;memandat 1 Assistant premier mandate 0 &nbsp; &nbsp; Tableau 7: &Eacute;tudes et sp&eacute;cialisations des enseignants <strong>Sp&eacute;cialisation</strong> <strong>&nbsp;</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> Traduction / interpr&eacute;tation &nbsp; 6 Langues et civilization anglaise &nbsp; 2 Langues et civilisationsafricaines &nbsp; 2 &nbsp; <strong>Tableau 8: Exp&eacute;rience des enseignants dans la pratique de l&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;ann&eacute;esd&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> Aucune 6 1-5 ans 2 6-10 ans 2 &nbsp; Tableau 9: Modes d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation pratiqu&eacute;s par les enseignants-interpr&egrave;tes <strong>Modes d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants / 4</strong> Simultan&eacute; 2/4 cons&eacute;cutif 2/4 chuchotage &frac34; <strong>&nbsp;</strong> <strong>Tableau 10: Combinaisons linguistiques des enseignants-interpr&egrave;tes</strong> <strong>Combinaisonslinguistiques</strong> <strong>Nombred&rsquo;enseignants</strong> Anglais - Fran&ccedil;ais &frac34; Autres 1/4 &nbsp; Des tableaux ci-dessus, il ressort que les enseignants intervenant en ETI sont tous de nationalit&eacute; congolaise, 8 sont de sexe masculin et 2 sont de sexe f&eacute;minin. 1 sur 10 enseignants est &acirc;g&eacute; entre 30 et 34 ans, 2 enseignants sur 10 sont &acirc;g&eacute;s entre 35 et 39 ans, 2 enseignants sur 10 sont &acirc;g&eacute;s entre 40 et 44 ans tandis que 5 enseignants sur 8 se situent dans la fourchette d&rsquo;&acirc;ge de 50 et plus. Le corps enseignant de l&rsquo;ETI est constitu&eacute; de trois professeurs titulaires, de six chefs des travaux et d&rsquo;un assistant deuxi&egrave;me mandat. Sur les 10 enseignants, 6 ont un dipl&ocirc;me de traducteur-interpr&egrave;te, 2 sont sp&eacute;cialistes en langues et civilisation anglaise tandis que 2 autre se sont sp&eacute;cialis&eacute;s en langues et civilisation africaine. Tous ont une exp&eacute;rience assez riche dans l&rsquo;enseignement. 40% d&rsquo;entre eux 4 sur 10 sont interpr&egrave;tes. 2/4 enseignants interpr&egrave;tes exercent depuis une p&eacute;riode allant de 1 &agrave; 5 ans tandis que deux enseignants interpr&egrave;tes sur quatre jouissent d&rsquo;une exp&eacute;rience allant de 6 &agrave; 10 ans dans la profession. Pour ce qui est des combinaisons linguistiques, 75% (soit 3/4) des enseignants-interpr&egrave;tes ont la combinaison &laquo; fran&ccedil;ais-anglais &raquo;, tandis que 25% (soit 1/4) ont une autre combinaison. 2/4 enseignants pratiquent de l&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation simultan&eacute;e tandis que seulement 2 d&rsquo;entre eux offrent des prestations en mode cons&eacute;cutif et 3 en mode chuchot&eacute;.&nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>4.1.3. Les dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s</strong> Au cours de notre enqu&ecirc;te nous avons aussi administr&eacute; notre questionnaire aux dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s du programme de l&rsquo;ETI. Il s&rsquo;agit notamment des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s des diff&eacute;rentes promotions confondues.&nbsp; Les dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s&nbsp; qui ont r&eacute;pondu &agrave; notre questionnaire sont au nombre de quinze soit dix de sexe masculin et un cinq de sexe f&eacute;minin.&nbsp; Six de ces dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s sont &acirc;g&eacute;s entre 23 et 27 ans ; quatre entre 28 et 32 ans et cinq autres entre 38 ans et plus.&nbsp; 13 dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s sur 15 ont une combinaison linguistique bilingue (fran&ccedil;ais-anglais) et 3 sur 15 ont des combinaisons trilingues (fran&ccedil;ais-anglais-chinois et fran&ccedil;ais-anglais-espagnol, fran&ccedil;ais-anglais-portugais).&nbsp; Le graphique ci-apr&egrave;s donne plus de d&eacute;tails sur les combinaisons linguistiques des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s: Graphique1&nbsp;:Combinaisonslinguistiques des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s &nbsp; De ce graphique, on note que 86% des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s ont une combinaison linguistique Fran&ccedil;ais-Anglais, 6,66% une combinaison Fran&ccedil;ais-Anglais-Chinois et les 6,66%&nbsp; Fran&ccedil;ais-Anglais-Espagnol et le 6,66% restant ont une combinaison de Fran&ccedil;ais-Anglais-Portugais.&nbsp; Les dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s ont tous mentionn&eacute; dans le questionnaire qu&rsquo;ils s&rsquo;&eacute;taient inscrits au programme de l&rsquo;ETI pour apprendre le m&eacute;tier d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;te et d&rsquo;en faire carri&egrave;re. Aucun d&rsquo;eux n&rsquo;a affirm&eacute; avoir pass&eacute; un test ou examen d&rsquo;entr&eacute;e pour &ecirc;tre admis au programme.&nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>4.2. Ressources disponibles</strong> Dans cette partie nous allons pr&eacute;senter les ressources dont dispose le programme <strong>4.2.1. Ressources mat&eacute;rielles disponibles</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; Tableau 11&nbsp;: Ressources mat&eacute;rielles disponibles Ressourcesmat&eacute;riellesdisponibles Etudiants Dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s Enseignants Direction nombre Nombre Nombre Nombre Laboratoire de langue 11/11 15/15 10/10 3/3 Ordinateurs 11/11 15/15 10/10 3/3 Livres 11/11 15/15 10/10 3/3 Cabinesd&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation 0/11 0/15 0/10 0/3 Biblioth&egrave;que 0/11 0/15 0/10 0/3 Projecteurs 0/11 0/15 0/10 0/3 &nbsp; Tous les r&eacute;pondants ont mentionn&eacute; que le programme d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation de l&rsquo;ETI dispose d&rsquo;un laboratoire de langues, d&rsquo;un bureau, des ordinateurs et des livres. Ils ont tous &eacute;galement signal&eacute; que le programme ne dispose ni de salle classe, ni de cabine d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation, ni de biblioth&egrave;que, ni de casques pour interpr&egrave;tes et, ni &eacute;galement de projecteurs. &nbsp; Cependant tous les &eacute;tudiants, dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s et enseignants ont &agrave; l&rsquo;unanimit&eacute; reconnu que faute des salles de classe, les &eacute;tudiants d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;tes &eacute;tudient g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement sous l&rsquo;arbre. Ils utilisent la salle de classe des &eacute;tudiants du niveau licence uniquement en l&rsquo;absence de ces derniers ou soit pendant les examens. En plus le seul laboratoire de langues qui existe, est utilis&eacute; abusivement comme salle de classe par les &eacute;tudiants de licence. Cependant, la plupart de ces infrastructures sont soit non &eacute;quip&eacute;es ou soit sous &eacute;quip&eacute;e, &agrave; l&rsquo;instar du laboratoire de langue. Les livres sont compt&eacute;s au bout du doigt. 4.2.2. Ressources financi&egrave;res&nbsp; disponibles Dans cette partie de notre travail, nous nous int&eacute;ressons aux financements allou&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;ETI en vue du bon fonctionnement et de la gestion du programme.&nbsp; Il ressort de notre entretien avec la direction que l&rsquo;ETI b&eacute;n&eacute;ficie des fonds de fonctionnement de la FLSH. Cependant ces fonds ne sont toujours pas disponibles ou g&eacute;r&eacute;s par la direction de l&rsquo;ETI mais plut&ocirc;t par la FLSH. C&rsquo;est ce qui explique d&rsquo;ailleurs le manque d&rsquo;informations disponibles sur la valeur et la gestion de ces fonds &raquo;. Par ailleurs, la direction de l&rsquo;ETI lance un appel aux autorit&eacute;s de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; P&eacute;dagogique Nationale ainsi qu&rsquo;&agrave; l&rsquo;Etat congolais de mobiliser les ressources n&eacute;cessaires pour le bon fonctionnement du programme. <strong>&nbsp;</strong> <strong>&nbsp;</strong> <strong>4.2.3.&nbsp;Conformit&eacute; des ressources par rapport au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi</strong> Une autre question a &eacute;t&eacute; pos&eacute;e &agrave; la direction en vue de savoir sur quelle &eacute;chelle de 1 &agrave; 5 les ressources mobilis&eacute;es r&eacute;pondent au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi. <strong>Tableau 12&nbsp;: de conformit&eacute; des ressources par rapport au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi</strong> <strong>Echelle</strong> <strong>Direction</strong> <strong>%</strong> 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 2 66,66 1 1 33,33 Total 3 100% <strong>&nbsp;</strong> De ce tableau, il ressort que la majorit&eacute; des membres de la direction, soit 66,66&nbsp;% ont affirm&eacute; que les ressources ne r&eacute;pondent au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi et aux normes internationales qu&rsquo;&agrave; une &eacute;chelle de 2 sur 5. Par ailleurs, 33,33&nbsp;% ont affirm&eacute; que les ressources ne r&eacute;pondent qu&rsquo;&agrave; une &eacute;chelle de 1 sur 5. <strong>4.3. Structuration du programme</strong> Ce point table sur les &eacute;l&eacute;ments qui constituent la structuration du programme. 4.3.1. Conditions d&rsquo;admission Selon, les &eacute;l&eacute;ments de r&eacute;ponse trouv&eacute;s dans le questionnaire adress&eacute; &agrave; la direction de l&rsquo;ETI, les candidats sont s&eacute;lectionn&eacute;s sur &eacute;tude de dossiers. Les crit&egrave;res de s&eacute;lection de dossiers sont les suivants : un dipl&ocirc;me de licence en traduction et interpr&eacute;tation et les comp&eacute;tences linguistiques. 4.3.2.&nbsp; Combinaisons linguistiques offertes Apr&egrave;s analyse du questionnaire adress&eacute; &agrave; la direction de l&rsquo;ETI, il ressort que le programme offre douze combinaisons linguistiques. Le tableau ci-dessous pr&eacute;sente ces diff&eacute;rentes combinaisons. 4.3.3. Typologie des cours Tous les cours &agrave; l&rsquo;ETI sont obligatoires. La premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e est constitu&eacute;e de 16 cours et de la pratique professionnelle. Ci-dessous les cours de la premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e&nbsp;:&eacute;tude d&rsquo;une troisi&egrave;me langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re, langue congolaise, stylistique diff&eacute;rentielle,anglais pratique, &eacute;tude comparative des langues bantu, grammaire structurale et linguistique diachronique, exercices de Syntaxe et exercices audio-oral, dialectologie g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, exercices pratiques d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation cons&eacute;cutive, management et gestion d&rsquo;entreprises, sociologie du langage, structures politiques, &eacute;conomiques, sociales et culturelles, relations internationales, litt&eacute;rature contemporaine, interpr&eacute;tation de liaison, m&eacute;thodes de recherche en science sociale, pratique professionnelle. Les cours d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation enseign&eacute;s dans le programme d&rsquo;ETI sont les suivants : exercices pratiques d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation cons&eacute;cutive et interpr&eacute;tation de liaison enseign&eacute;s en 1<sup>&egrave;re</sup> ann&eacute;e tandis que exercices pratiques d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation cons&eacute;cutive, exercices pratiques d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation simultan&eacute;e et interpr&eacute;tation de liaison enseign&eacute;s en 2<sup>&egrave;me</sup> ann&eacute;e. Les restes de cours sont th&eacute;oriques, ce qui prouve que la formation est beaucoup plus ax&eacute;e sur la th&eacute;orie que la pratique.&nbsp; Il faudra noter que tous ces cours sont accompagn&eacute;s de la pratique professionnelle pour la premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e et du stage acad&eacute;mique pour la deuxi&egrave;me ann&eacute;e. Il est important de questionner sur le nombre d&rsquo;heures allou&eacute;s aux cours d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation par semaine. Ci-dessous les cours enseign&eacute;s en deuxi&egrave;me ann&eacute;e&nbsp;: anglais pratique, d&eacute;bats multilingues simultan&eacute;s, OAT, s&eacute;minaire des probl&egrave;mes &eacute;conomiques et sociaux, langue congolaise, grammaire structurale et linguistique diachronique, langue anglaise, exercices pratiques d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation cons&eacute;cutive, exercices pratiques d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation simultan&eacute;e, linguistique appliqu&eacute;e &agrave; la traduction, histoire diplomatique, exercices d&rsquo;&eacute;conomie et gestion d&rsquo;entreprise, exercices de synth&egrave;se et discussion dans la langue d&rsquo;&eacute;tude, &eacute;tude d&rsquo;une troisi&egrave;me langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re, droit international priv&eacute;, droit industriel et l&eacute;gislation sociale, stage. <strong>4.3.4. Nombre d&rsquo;heures allou&eacute;s au cours d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation par semaine </strong> Selon la direction du programme, et confirm&eacute; par les enseignants, le nombre d&rsquo;heures allou&eacute;es aux activit&eacute;s interpr&eacute;tatives par semaine s&rsquo;&eacute;l&egrave;ve &agrave; 8. Les quatre enseignants couvrent chacun deux heures par semaine.&nbsp; <strong>4.3.5. Types de textes utilis&eacute;s</strong> Tableau 13 : Types de textesutilis&eacute;s Type de textes Nombred&rsquo;enseignants Discours&eacute;crits 3/4 Discours audio 2/4 Rapports de r&eacute;unions 3/4 Discours pr&eacute;par&eacute;s par les &eacute;tudiants 1/4 Articles de presse 2/4 Autres 0/4 &nbsp; Le tableau ci-dessus montre que 3 enseignants sur 4 utilisent des discours &eacute;crits et rapports de r&eacute;unions comme outils de travail avec leurs &eacute;tudiants. 2/4 des enseignants font usage des discours audio et articles de presse. 1 enseignant utilise des discours pr&eacute;par&eacute;s par des &eacute;tudiants et aucun enseignant n&rsquo;utilise des textes autres que ceux susmentionn&eacute;s. Pour ce qui est des langues d&rsquo;enseignements, tous les quatre enseignements disent enseigner en fran&ccedil;ais et anglais.&nbsp; 4.3.6. M&eacute;thodes d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation Les m&eacute;thodes d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation utilis&eacute;es dans le programme ETI sont celles utilis&eacute;es dans l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;UPN, &agrave; savoir : les devoirs sur table, les devoirs &agrave; faire &agrave; la maison, les &eacute;valuations continues, les examens semestriels, le d&eacute;p&ocirc;t du rapport de stage et le d&eacute;p&ocirc;t du m&eacute;moire suivi de la soutenance de m&eacute;moire.&nbsp; 4.3.7. Stage Une question en rapport avec les institutions dans lesquelles les &eacute;tudiants font leur stage professionnel a &eacute;t&eacute; adress&eacute;e aux r&eacute;pondants. Tous les r&eacute;pondants &agrave; la question ont r&eacute;pondu que tous les &eacute;tudiants effectuent le stage au minist&egrave;re des affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res ainsi que dans des cabinets d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation et que la dur&eacute;e du stage est de 3 &agrave; 4 semaines. Tableau 14&nbsp;: Conformit&eacute; des &eacute;l&eacute;ments de la structuration par rapport au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi Une autre question a &eacute;t&eacute; pos&eacute;e &agrave; la direction en vue de savoir sur quelle &eacute;chelle de 1 &agrave; 5 la structuration r&eacute;pond au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi. Echelle Direction % 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 2 66,66 1 1 33,33 Total 3 100% &nbsp; De ce tableau, il ressort que la majorit&eacute; des membres de la direction, soit 66,66&nbsp;% ont affirm&eacute; que les composantes ne r&eacute;pondent au march&eacute; de l&rsquo;emploi qu&rsquo;&agrave; une &eacute;chelle de 2 sur 5. Par ailleurs, 33,33&nbsp;% sont affirment que les composantes ne r&eacute;pondent qu&rsquo;&agrave; une &eacute;chelle de 1 sur 5. 4.5. Professions actuelles des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s de l&rsquo;ETI En vue d&rsquo;identifier les diff&eacute;rentes professions des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s du programme de formation des interpr&egrave;tes de l&rsquo;ETI, une question leur a &eacute;t&eacute; adress&eacute;e. Les donn&eacute;es recueillies sont pr&eacute;sent&eacute;es dans le tableau suivant&nbsp;: Tableau&nbsp;15&nbsp;: Professions actuelles des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s <strong>Profession actuelle</strong> <strong>&nbsp;</strong> <strong>Fr&eacute;quence</strong> <strong>Pourcentage</strong> <strong>Texte</strong> <strong>R&eacute;ponsespropos&eacute;es</strong> Interpr&egrave;te 2 13,33 &nbsp; Traducteur 1 6,66 &nbsp; Journaliste 1 6,66 &nbsp; Enseignant de langues 4 26,66 &nbsp; Sans emploie 2 13,33 &nbsp; Autres 5 33,33 Agent de s&eacute;curit&eacute; Encadreur Conseiller commercial Commerce <strong>Total des r&eacute;ponses</strong> 15 100 &nbsp; <strong>Total global</strong> 15 100 &nbsp; &nbsp; De ces r&eacute;sultats, 13,33&nbsp;% des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s exercent la profession d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;te, 6,66&nbsp;% sont des traducteurs et de m&ecirc;me 6,66 sont des journalistes. Par ailleurs, 26,66&nbsp;% sont enseignants de langues, et 13,3&nbsp;% sont des ch&ocirc;meurs. Il convient de noter que 33,33&nbsp;% des r&eacute;pondants exercent d&rsquo;autres fonctions telles que le commerce, le gardiennage, ou sont des conseillers commerciaux ou encore prestent comme encadreur dans diff&eacute;rentes &eacute;coles fondamentales. 4.5.1. Principales raisons de la faible int&eacute;gration des produits du programme de l&rsquo;ETI sur le march&eacute; congolais d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation Dans le but de v&eacute;rifier les causes de la faible int&eacute;gration des produits du programme de l&rsquo;ETI dans le milieu professionnel d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation, une question a &eacute;t&eacute; pos&eacute;e aux r&eacute;pondants. Les causes de cettefaibleint&eacute;grationsont les suivantes: a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Le manque criant des cours pratiques lors de la formation b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; le manque de perspectives d&rsquo;emploi&thinsp;; c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; le manqued&rsquo;enseignantssp&eacute;cialis&eacute;s&nbsp;; d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; l&rsquo;absence de certains cours de base&nbsp;; e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; l&rsquo;absenced&rsquo;&eacute;quipementsn&eacute;cessaires&nbsp;; f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; le manque d&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience en interpr&eacute;tation&thinsp;; g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; le manque de confiance en ses capacit&eacute;s&thinsp;; h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; la mauvaise planification de la politique congolaise sur le m&eacute;tier d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation. <strong>6. Faiblesses du programme</strong> A la suite de notre analyse et interpr&eacute;tation, nous avons constat&eacute; que l&rsquo;ETI poss&egrave;de des insuffisances suivantes&nbsp;: a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manque de laboratoires &eacute;quip&eacute;s pour la pratique simultan&eacute;e. b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Faible disponibilit&eacute; de mat&eacute;riel p&eacute;dagogique actualis&eacute;. c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Budget limit&eacute; pour l'entretien des infrastructures. d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Stages peu structur&eacute;s d&ucirc; absence de partenariats solides avec des organisations offrant des opportunit&eacute;s pratiques. e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manqued&rsquo;enseignantssp&eacute;cialis&eacute;s f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absence de modules d&eacute;di&eacute;s aux nouvelles technologies. g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Faible int&eacute;gration de langues strat&eacute;giques comme le chinois ou l&rsquo;espagnol. h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absence d&rsquo;examend&rsquo;entr&eacute;e i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absence d&rsquo;examen final <strong>7. Forces du programme</strong> Apr&egrave;s analyse et interpr&eacute;tation des donn&eacute;es, nous avons r&eacute;pertori&eacute; les forces suivantes dont dispose le programme: a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; une formation de deux ans &eacute;quivalente &agrave; un Master, offrant une sp&eacute;cialisation technique. b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; un nombre limit&eacute; des &eacute;tudiants dans une salle de classe, il faut noter que l&rsquo;ETI ne poss&egrave;de pas plus de 10 &eacute;tudiants dans une salle de classe conform&eacute;ment &agrave; la norme internationale. (Be consistent <strong>8. Recommandations</strong> A la suite des r&eacute;sultats obtenus, il nous para&icirc;t opportun de formuler des recommandations suivantes&nbsp;: <strong>Renforcement des ressources :</strong> a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Allocation d&rsquo;un budget d&eacute;di&eacute; pour les &eacute;quipements modernes. b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Augmentation du nombre de formateurs sp&eacute;cialis&eacute;s. <strong>R&eacute;vision des contenusp&eacute;dagogiques :</strong> a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Int&eacute;grer des modules sur les nouvelles technologies, comme les outils de traduction assist&eacute;e. b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ajouter des formations sur les langues &eacute;mergentes. <strong>Cr&eacute;ation de partenariats solides : </strong>Collaboration avec des agences internationales et des organisations locales pour offrir des stages pratiques. <strong>Mise en place d&rsquo;un suivi post-dipl&ocirc;me :</strong> a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&eacute;velopper une cellule d&rsquo;accompagnement &agrave; l&rsquo;emploi. b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Organiser des forums entre dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s et employeurs. <strong>&nbsp;</strong> <strong>&nbsp;</strong> <strong>9. Conclusion</strong> L&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du programme de formation d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;tes de l&rsquo;ETI &agrave; l&rsquo;UPN r&eacute;v&egrave;le des lacunes importantes mais aussi un potentiel significatif. En modernisant son approche et en renfor&ccedil;ant ses ressources, l'UPN pourrait devenir un acteur cl&eacute; dans la formation d&rsquo;interpr&egrave;tes en Afrique centrale. Une collaboration accrue avec les parties prenantes et une adaptation aux standards internationaux sont essentielles pour garantir l'employabilit&eacute; des dipl&ocirc;m&eacute;s et leur comp&eacute;titivit&eacute; sur le march&eacute; global.
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10

Colombo, Ilaria, Scott Lien, Cindy Yang, et al. "Immunologic and genomic characterization of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) in patients (pts) treated with pembrolizumab (Pembro) in the phase II INSPIRE trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 5581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.5581.

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5581 Background: Checkpoint inhibitors have shown to be effective in different tumors and are under investigation in HGSOC. Methods: INSPIRE (NCT02644369) is a prospective multi-cohort study investigating tumor genomic and immune landscapes in pts treated with Pembro at 200 mg IV Q3W. Patients underwent tumor biopsy pre, on-treatment and at progression for DNA/RNA sequence, immune-profile, and PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serial blood samples for immunophenotyping were collected. Correlative data are available for 6 pts: 3 with shrinkage in target lesion and 3 with progressive disease (PD). Results: At interim analysis as of January 2017, 18 pts with HGSOC have been enrolled and 16 have platinum-resistant disease, with median 3 prior lines of treatment (range 1-7). Of 14 evaluable pts, best response by RECIST 1.1 was stable disease (SD) in 5 (36%) and PD in 9 (64%). Mean Tumor Proportion Score of PD-L1 by IHC (Qualtek) was 6.4% (range 0-30%). Grade 3/4 adverse events possibly related to Pembro were observed in 4/18 (22%) pts; none was fatal and the most common were fatigue and hyponatremia. Preliminary correlative data showed no significant change in CD4, CD8 and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood after Pembro treatment. Mean PD-1 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells on baseline tumor tissue (measured as product of PD-1+ cells and the per cell expression of PD-1 [% of mean fluorescence intensity]) was significantly higher in pts with tumor shrinkage compared to pts with PD (CD4: 2658 vs 678, p = .02; CD8: 1999 vs 451, p = .048). Genomic analysis of baseline tumor tissue was available for 3 pts with tumor shrinkage and 2 with PD. Mean mutation burden was higher for pts with tumor shrinkage (2.38 vs 1.0 mutations/Mb covered). The pt with the longest SD in our cohort (6 months) had the highest mutation burden (2.72), including somatic POLE (c.6331-6C &gt; G) and germline BRCA2mutations. Conclusions: In HGSOC, pts with higher PD-1 level on tumor CD4 and CD8 T cells and higher mutation burden at baseline may have a better outcome following treatment with Pembro. POLE mutation is rare in HGSOC but may correlate with checkpoint inhibitor activity. Clinical trial information: NCT02644369.
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11

Williams, Kathryn R. "Early Automated Testing: The 5-0-2." Journal of Chemical Education 79, no. 1 (2002): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed079p16.

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12

Kuznetsov, A. A., and A. K. Shlepkin. "Comparative analysis of the burnside groups B(2, 5) andB 0(2, 5)." Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics 267, S1 (2009): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0081543809070116.

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13

Font, J., A. Gracia, and P. de March. "Synthesis of 5-alkyl-4-bromo-5-hydroxy-2(5)-furanones and 5-alkylidene-4-bromo-2(5)-furanones." Tetrahedron Letters 31, no. 38 (1990): 5517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97887-0.

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Gompper, R., and J. Hock. "4,4′(5′)-Bis(2-thienyl)-and 4,4′(5′)-Bis(2-phenothiazinyl)-tetrathiafulvalene." Synthetic Metals 84, no. 1-3 (1997): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(97)80771-0.

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15

Dobrzański, L. A., and W. Kasprzak. "The influence of 5% cobalt addition on structure and working properties of the 9-2-2-5, 11-2-2-5 and 11-0-2-5 high-speed steels." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 109, no. 1-2 (2001): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00775-5.

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16

Vasilyev, A. V., S. V. Baranin, P. A. Belyakov, and V. A. Dorokhov. "Reactions of alkyl 3-amino-5-aryl-2-benzoyl-5-oxopent-2-enoates with hydrazine." Russian Chemical Bulletin 55, no. 7 (2006): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-006-0402-0.

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17

Klein, Hans-Friedrich, Goetz Lull, Birgit Rodenhäuser, Gerhard Cordier, and Helmut Paulus. "Monoolefincobalt(0)-Komplexe / Monoolefincobalt(0) Complexes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 10 (1988): 1256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-1008.

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Mononuclear cobalt(o) complexes containing olefin and trimethylphosphane ligands Co(olefin)(PMe3)3 (olefin = C2H4 (1), C3H6 (2), cyclopentene (3), trans-1,2-diphenylethene (4), tetrafluorobenzo-bicyclo-(2.2.2)-octadiene (5)), are obtained from CoCl2 by reaction with magnesium in the presence of the ligands or by substitution of 3 with olefin. X-ray crystal structure determinations of 4 and 5 show a distorted tetrahedral arrangement of ligands around the cobalt atom. Chemical and spectroscopic properties are consistent with a paramagnetic valence state of the compounds in solution. By reaction with carbon monoxide a dicobalt complex is formed, while azobenzene gives paramagnetic Co(N2Ph2)(PMe3)2.
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Langer, Peter, Dang Tuan, and Dang Tung. "Synthesis of 2-(2-Arylethenyl)-5-arylfurans by Regioselective Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of 2-(2-Bromo-2-nitroethenyl)-5-bromofuran." Synlett 2006, no. 17 (2006): 2812–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-950271.

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19

Kia, Reza, Hoong-Kun Fun, and Hadi Kargar. "2-(2-Thienyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole. Corrigendum." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 6 (2009): e15-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809018790.

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Consideration of a previous unrecognized twinning of the original investigated crystal of the title compound [Kiaet al.(2009).Acta Cryst.E65, o301] led to improved reliability factors and to a slightly higher precision for all geometric parameters. The crystal under investigation was twinned by pseudo-merohedry with [100, 0\overline{1}0, 00\overline{1}] as the twin matrix and a refined twin domain fraction of 0.9610 (5):0.0390 (5). The results of the new crystal structure refinement are given here.
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20

Tasheva, Donka N., and Vesela M. Mihaylova. "rel-(2R,3S)-2-((Diphenylmethylene)amino)-5-oxo-5-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)pentanenitrile." Molbank 2024, no. 3 (2024): M1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1881.

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The reaction of 2-((diphenylmethylene)amino)acetonitrile with (E)-1-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one was performed by using 33% NaOH in CH3CN for 30 min at 0 °C. The main product—rel-(2R,3S)-2-((diphenylmethylene)amino)-5-oxo-5-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)pentanenitrile—was isolated and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
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21

Williams, Gary J., Arrigo De Benedetti, and Corrado Baglioni. "Inhibition of 2′,5′-oligo(A)-dependent endoribonuclease by 2′,5′-oligo(A) degradation products." Virology 151, no. 2 (1986): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(86)90045-0.

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22

Sultana, R., P. Rani, A. K. Hafiz, Reena Goyal, and V. P. S. Awana. "An Intercomparison of the Upper Critical Fields (H c 2 ) of Different Superconductors—YBa2Cu3 O 7, MgB2, NdFeAsO 0 . 8 F 0 . 2 , FeSe 0 . 5 Te 0 . 5 and Nb2PdS5." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 29, no. 6 (2016): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-016-3507-1.

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23

Dine, Michael, and Nathan Seiberg. "Are (0, 2) models string miracles?" Nuclear Physics B 306, no. 1 (1988): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90174-5.

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24

Trofimov, B. A., L. A. Oparina, O. V. Vysotskaya, A. V. Stepanov, and N. K. Gusarova. "Highly effective stereoselective synthesis of vinyl ethers of 5-alkyl-2-(2-furyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxanes." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 45, no. 11 (2009): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-010-0426-0.

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25

Smith, Stephen D., Ryan C. Lynch, Brian G. Till, et al. "Pembrolizumab in Combination with Standard RCHOP Therapy for Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119129.

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Abstract Background: Rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (RCHOP) remains standard therapy for previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, a substantial proportion of patients (pts) will relapse. The anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab has shown modest efficacy in previously treated DLBCL. We postulated that the first-line setting, with relatively intact host immunity and coexistence of malignant cells with T-cells in the microenvironment, may represent an opportunity for effective immune checkpoint inhibition. We carried out the first known prospective trial of anti-PD1 therapy with anthracycline chemotherapy in lymphoma, to evaluate the safety of this combination. Methods: Pts age 18 years or older with previously untreated DLBCL, transformed lymphoma and grade 3B follicular lymphoma with a plan for 6-cycle, curative-intent RCHOP were eligible. Steroids within 7 days of treatment, active autoimmune disease, or history of pneumonitis were excluded. This phase I study combined pembrolizumab (200 mg IV q 3 weeks x 6) to RCHOP x 6, with supportive care per standard practice. A 30-pt sample size permitted estimation of the rate of clinically relevant grade 3-5 toxicity, assumed to occur in 40% of pts with RCHOP alone. A stopping rule for more than 3 instances of non-relapse death or inability to complete 6 cycles of RCHOP for any reason was applied. Secondary endpoints included response rates, overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Baseline PDL1 expression was analyzed centrally (Merck/Qualtek). Peripheral blood flow cytometry for changes in PD1, PDL-1, and PDL-2 subsets were performed. After PET-based response assessment, pts were followed for relapse and survival. Results: Since March 2016, 29 pts were treated on study; 28 have finished all therapy. One is currently on therapy, and 1 remains to be enrolled. Pt characteristics are in Table 1. In 29 pts to date, 18 grade 3-5 clinically significant AE's occurred in 13 unique pts (13/29, 45%). 16 SAE's occurred in 11 pts (11/29, 38%); none qualified as unanticipated events. Two deaths occurred: One in the first accured patient, who had extensive gastric involvement by DLBCL, and died during cycle 1 of bleeding from the responding tumor bed despite maximal inpatient intervention. The other death occurred due to steroid-refractory GVHD after haploidenticial allogeneic transplant for relapsed disease. Four immune-related adverse events (IRAE) occurred: grade 3 rash, resolving with oral steroids and not recurring with further pembrolizumab, grade 1 hyperthyroidism, grade 2 colitis, and 1 episode of grade 3 pneumonitis. This case of pneumonitis was the only immune-related SAE, occurring in a 78 yo with a history of tobacco use and COPD, and resulted in stopping therapy after cycle 3. Among 27 completing treatment (excluding the pt who died during cycle 1), average anthracycline dose was 95% of expected; anthracycline relative dose intensity (RDI: delivered dose intensity/standard dose intensity) was 94%. PET response assessment among 26 evaluable pts showed 18 CR (69%), 7 PR, and 1 primary refractory disease. Among 7 PR, 1 relapsed, 3 had negative biopsies, and 3 remain in remission. Median follow-up of survivors is 13 months and 2 relapses (1 primary progressive disease, 1 after PET PR) occurred. One-year PFS is 87% (Figure 1). Baseline PDL-1 staining available for 19 pts showed a median % tumor cell staining of 30% (moderate 2+ plus strong 3+ staining; range, 0-100%). Tumor PDL1 was ≤5% in 4, 10-29% in 5, 30-49% in 4, and ≥50% in 6 pts. Both EBV+ DLBCL had 60% tumor PDL1 expression. 1 relapsing pt had no detectable tumor PDL1, and the THRLBL failed for technical reasons. Conclusions: RCHOP with pembrolizumab 200 mg q 3 weeks x 6 cycles is safe, with toxicity similar to RCHOP alone and only 4 IRAE's. Anthracycline dose intensity, CR rate, and PFS are favorable. PDL1 tumor cell expression of 10% or more was observed in 15/19 pts. These data support further study of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy in untreated lymphoid malignancies. Final response/progression, correlative studies, and survival data will be presented in December after final accrual. Disclosures Smith: Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Portola Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Acerta Pharma BV: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Incyte Corporation: Research Funding. Lynch:Johnson Graffe Keay Moniz &amp; Wick LLP: Consultancy; Incyte Corporation: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; T.G. Therapeutics: Research Funding; Rhizen Pharmaceuticals S.A.: Research Funding. Till:Mustang Bio: Patents &amp; Royalties, Research Funding. Cowan:Sanofi: Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Shadman:Acerta Pharma: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Verastem: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Qilu Puget Sound Biotherapeutics: Consultancy; Celgene: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy; Beigene: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy; Mustang Biopharma: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy. Shustov:Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Cassaday:Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Other: Spouse Employment, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Research Funding. Gopal:Pfizer: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy; Spectrum: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Aptevo: Consultancy; Asana: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Brim: Consultancy; Teva: Research Funding.
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26

Wilk, Michal, Artur Golas, Petr Stastny, Monika Nawrocka, Michal Krzysztofik, and Adam Zajac. "Does Tempo of Resistance Exercise Impact Training Volume?" Journal of Human Kinetics 62, no. 1 (2018): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0034.

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Abstract Volume and intensity of exercise are the basic components of training loads, having a direct impact on adaptive patterns. Exercise volume during resistance training has been conventionally evaluated as a total number of repetitions performed in each set, regardless of the time and speed of performing individual exercises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varied tempos i.e. regular (REG) 2/0/2/0, medium (MED) 5/0/3/0 and slow (SLO) 6/0/4/0 during resistance exercise on training volume, based on the total number of performed repetitions (REPsum1-5) and time under tension (TUTsum1-5). Significant differences in TUT (s) were found in particular sets for each tempo of 2/0/2/0, 5/0/3/0 and 6/0/4/0 (p &lt; 0.001). The ANOVA also revealed substantial differences in the REP for individual sets (p &lt; 0.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that TUT for each set and total TUTsum1-5 were significantly higher in the 5/0/3/0 and 6/0/4/0 tempos compared to 2/0/2/0 (p &lt; 0.001). REP was significantly higher for the 2/0/2/0 tempo compared to 5/0/3/0 and 6/0/4/0 tempo in each set. Total REPsum1-5, TUTsum1-5 between 5/0/3/0 and 6/0/4/0 tempos were not significantly different. The main finding of this study is that the movement tempo in strength training impacts training volume, both in terms of repetitions and total time under tension.
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27

Bournel, Fabrice, Jean-Jacques Gallet, Ulrich Köhler, et al. "Propanoate grafting on (H,OH)-Si(0 0 1)-2 × 1." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 27, no. 5 (2014): 054005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/054005.

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28

Abatangelo, L. Maria, and Manuela Erroi. "Uniform 20-sets of class [0, 2, 3, 4, 5] inAG(2, 7)." Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography 2, no. 1 (1999): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720529.1999.10697879.

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29

Mohan, M., and K. L. Baluja. "Electron-impact excitation of the transition 1s 22s 22p 5(2 P 3 2/0 ?2 P 1 2/0 ) of Mg IV." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 14, no. 2 (1989): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01399034.

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30

Vilpo, Juhani A., Esko Suvanto, Simo Rasi, and Leena M. Vilpo. "Radioimmunoassay of 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine." Journal of Immunological Methods 103, no. 1 (1987): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(87)90239-0.

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31

Pritchard, K. I. "SY-5-2 Selection of treatment." European Journal of Cancer 32 (January 1996): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(96)84122-0.

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32

Hay, R. S. "(1 2 0) and (1 2 2̄) monazite deformation twins." Acta Materialia 51, no. 18 (2003): 5255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(03)00304-5.

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33

Febriyanti, Irma. "0. Front Matter Vol 3 No 2 April 2023." Bima Loka: Journal of Physical Education 3, no. 2 (2023): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bimaloka.v3i2.27298.

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Jumlah artikel dalam terbitan ini sebanyak 5 judul, ditulis oleh 16 penulis yang berasal dari 7 institusi di 5 daerah wilayah Indonesia yaitu Provinsi Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Selatan, Sumatera Selatan, Riau, dan Jawa Barat.
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34

Dreiling, Charles E., Joanne B. Pachuta, and John P. Hamlin. "Synthesis of 5′ -0-Succinyl-2′, 3′-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate." Nucleosides and Nucleotides 7, no. 2 (1988): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328318808070203.

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35

Nikolaenkova, Elena B., Irina Yu Bagryanskaya та Alexsei Ya Tikhonov. "Synthesis of 2-[2-(hydroxyimino)alkyl]-1,2-oxazol-5(2Н)-ones". Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 56, № 2 (2020): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-020-02645-0.

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36

Албайрак, Э., Erhan Albayrak, Ф. Ш. eзджан та Fatma Sendil Ozcan. "$\pm J$-распределение в модели Блюма-Капеля со смесью спинов $1/2$ и $5/2$". Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika 214, № 3 (2023): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4213/tmf10370.

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Рассмотрена модель Блюма-Капеля со смесью спинов $1/2$ и $5/2$ на решетке Бете, в которой константа связи $J$ имеет вероятностное распределение и принимает значения $J&gt;0$ и $J&lt;0$ с вероятностями $p$ и $1-p$, с параметром настройки $\alpha$. Для этой модели получены фазовые диаграммы на плоскостях $(\alpha,T)$ и $(p,T)$ при $0\leq p\leq 1$ и $0\leq\alpha\leq 1$ для заданных значений параметра $D$ одноионной анизотропии. Фазовые диаграммы строятся путем анализа термических вариаций параметров порядка с помощью точных рекуррентных соотношений с последующим введением в модель вероятностного распределения. В случае координационного числа $q=3$, соответствующего сотообразной решетке, в этой модели в дополнение к тройным и двойным критическим точкам наблюдаются фазовые переходы первого и второго рода.
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37

Belkebir, A., and M. C. Bouras. "A COMBINATION OF ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS SEQUENCES: 2-5 TYPE RELATION." Advances in Mathematics: Scientific Journal 11, no. 10 (2022): 893–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.37418/amsj.11.10.7.

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In the present paper, a new characterization of the orthogonality of a monic polynomials sequence $\left\{ Q_{n}\right\} _{n\geq 0}$ is obtained. This is defined as a linear combination of another monic orthogonal polynomials sequence $\left\{ P_{n}\right\} _{n\geq 0}$ such as% \begin{equation*} Q_{n}(x)+r_{n}Q_{n-1}(x)=P_{n}(x)+s_{n}P_{n-1}(x)+t_{n}P_{n-2}\left( x\right) +v_{n}P_{n-3}\left( x\right) +w_{n}P_{n-4}(x),\ n\geq 0 \end{equation*}% where $w_{n}r_{n}\neq 0,$ for every $n\geq 5.$ Futhermore, the relation between the corresponding linear functionals is showed to be \begin{equation*} k\left( x-c\right) u=\left( x^{4}+ax^{3}+bx^{2}+dx+e\right) v \end{equation*}% where $c,$ $a,$ $b,$ $d,$ $e\in \mathbb{C}$ and $k\in \mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\}.$ Finally, an illustration using special case of the above type relation is given.
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38

Pörschke, Klaus R., and Richard Mynott. "Bis(dimethyIphosphino)methan-Nickel(0)-Komplexe / Bis(dimethylphosphino)methane-Nickel(0) Complexes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 4 (1987): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0406.

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Abstract The reaction of tris(ethene)nickel(0) with stoichiometric amounts of bis(dimethylphos-phino)methane (dmpm) in ether at low temperature affords the yellow crystalline, dinuclear complexes (dmpm)Ni2(C2H4)4 (1) and (dmpm)2Ni2(C2H4)2 (2). 2 reacts with ethyne to yield (dmpm)2Ni2(C2H2)2 (3). When 2 is treated with CO at -40 °C the primary product is (dmpm)2Ni2(CO)2(μ-CO) (4). At 20 °C 4 is converted by additional CO into (dmpm)2Ni2(CO)4 (5), which has already been characterized as the reaction product of Ni(CO) 4 with dmpm. In compounds 1-5 the bidentate dmpm acts as a bridging and not as a chelating ligand. The structures of complexes 1-4 were assigned on the basis of their 13C and 31P NMR spectra.
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39

Melo, L., C. O. Avellaneda, and A. Pawlicka. "Sol-Gel Coatings of Nb 2 O 5 and Nb 2 0 5 :Li + :Electrochemical and Structural Characterization." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 374 (2002): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250210458.

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40

Mao, Qiang, Hua-Xing Chen та Hui-Min Yang. "Identifying the Λb(6146)0 and Λb(6152)0 as D-Wave Bottom Baryons". Universe 6, № 6 (2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6060086.

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We study the Λ b ( 6146 ) 0 and Λ b ( 6152 ) 0 recently observed by LHCb using the method of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) sum rules within the framework of heavy quark effective theory. Our results suggest that they can be interpreted as D-wave bottom baryons of J P = 3 / 2 + and 5 / 2 + respectively, both of which contain two λ -mode excitations. We also investigate other possible assignments containing ρ -mode excitations. We extract all the parameters that are necessary to study their decay properties when using the method of light-cone sum rules. We predict masses of their strangeness partners to be m Ξ b ( 3 / 2 + ) = 6.26 − 0.14 + 0.11 GeV and m Ξ b ( 5 / 2 + ) = 6.26 − 0.14 + 0.11 GeV with the mass splitting Δ M = m Ξ b ( 5 / 2 + ) − m Ξ b ( 3 / 2 + ) = 4.5 − 1.5 + 1.9 MeV, and propose to search for them in future CMS, EIC, and LHCb experiments.
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41

Schafer, Kristin, Eric Goldschmidt, Heitham Albeshri, Munier Nazzal, and Mohamed Osman. "Comparison of Vascular Surgery Operative Exposure for 0 + 5 Versus 5 + 2 Training Paradigms." Journal of Vascular Surgery 70, no. 3 (2019): e73-e74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.161.

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42

Zayed, Mohamed A., Ronald L. Dalman, and Jason T. Lee. "A comparison of 0 + 5 versus 5 + 2 applicants to vascular surgery training programs." Journal of Vascular Surgery 56, no. 5 (2012): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.083.

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43

Starnes, B. W. "A comparison of 0 + 5 versus 5 + 2 applicants to vascular surgery training programs." Yearbook of Vascular Surgery 2013 (2013): 281–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yvas.2013.04.008.

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44

Grishchuk, B. D., V. S. Baranovskii, and S. I. Klimnyuk. "Synthesis and antibacterial and antifungal properties of 2-thiocyanato-(2-methyl)-3-arylpropionamides and 2-amino-5-benzyl-(5-methyl)thiazol-4-ones." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 45, no. 9 (2011): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-011-0673-0.

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45

Ferri, C. M., N. P. Stritzler, H. J. Petruzzi, and E. D. Cerqueira. "Effect of amount ofPanicum virgatumhay offered on intake, apparent digestibility and short-term intake rate of rams." Animal Science 71, no. 2 (2000): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055193.

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AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatumcv.Alamo) standing hay was cut and offered to 16 rams. The rams were randomly allocated to one of the following levels of feeding: 0·5; 1·0; 1·5 and 2·0✕maintenance. The forage was offered twice a day to the animals; no supplements were given. The animals were individually penned and fitted with faeces collection bags. After 8 days for adaptation, in vivo dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD) and proportion of blades and stem + sheath of the consumed forage were measured for 8 days. DMD varied from 0·310 (0·5) to 0·391 (2·0) and the proportion of the blade fraction in the diet from 0·44 (0·5) to 0·78 (2·0). The short-term intake rate (STIR) of rams was measured for 5 days. The animals were divided randomly into four blocks, with one ram of each treatment in each block. After 4 h without food and 15 min intervals between blocks, the amount of forage consumed during 4 min of active eating was measured. The amounts consumed were (in g DM per min per 50 kg live weight): 0·5: 8·2; 1·0: 7·8; 1·5: 5·3 and 2·0: 5·3 (0·5 = 1·0 &gt; 1·5 = 2·0;P&lt; 0·01). The results show that offer rate of P. virgatum affects the blade: stem + sheath ratio of intake and, therefore, the nutritive value of the diet. Level of feeding before measuring STIR influences the amount of forage consumed during the test.
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46

Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda, Lili Ding, Ashley L. Merianos, Jane C. Khoury, and Judith S. Gordon. "Examination of the ‘5-2-1-0’ Recommendations in Racially Diverse Young Children Exposed to Tobacco Smoke." American Journal of Health Promotion 35, no. 7 (2021): 966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117121995772.

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Purpose: The ‘5-2-1-0’ guidelines recommend that children: eat ≥5 servings of fruits/vegetables (‘5’), have ≤2 hours of screen-time (‘2’), have ≥1 hour of activity (‘1’), and drink 0 sugar-sweetened beverages (‘0’) daily. The pediatric emergency department (PED) treats children at risk for obesity and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). We examined body mass index (BMI), overweight, obesity, TSE, and ‘5-2-1-0’ rates in children with TSE in the PED. Design: Cross-sectional study of PED children. Setting: The PED of a children’s hospital. Sample: Children with TSE &gt;6 months-5 years old (N = 401). Measures: Sociodemographics, ‘5-2-1-0’ behaviors, BMI, and cotinine-confirmed TSE. Analysis: Associations between ‘5-2-1-0’ and sociodemographics were examined with logistic regression. Results: Mean (SD) age = 2.4 (1.6) years; 53.1% were Black; 65.8% had low-income; and 93.4% had TSE. Of 2-5-year-olds, mean (SD) BMI percentile was 66.2 (30.1), 16.1% were overweight and 20.6% were obese. In total, 10.5% attained ‘5’, 72.6% attained ‘2’, 57.8% of 2-5-year-olds attained ‘1’, and 9.8% attained ‘0’. Compared to White children, “other” race children were more likely to meet ‘5’ (aOR(95% CI):4.67(1.41, 5.45)); 2-5-years-olds (aOR(95%CI):0.60(0.38, 0.95)) and Black children (aOR(95%CI):0.36(0.21, 0.60)) were at decreased odds to meet ‘2’ compared to younger or White children, respectively. Compared to younger children, 2-5-year-olds were at decreased odds to meet ‘0’ (aOR(95%CI):0.08(0.02, 0.26)). Conclusion: Racially diverse, low-income children with TSE had low ‘5-2-1-0’ attainment. Interventions are needed to improve lifestyle habits in this population.
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47

Sproat, Brian S., Barbro Beijer, Peter Rider, and Philippe Neuner. "The synthesis of protected 5′-mercapto-2′,5′-dideoxyribonucleoside-3′-0-phosphorainidites; uses of 5′-mercapto-oligodeoxyribonucleotides." Nucleic Acids Research 15, no. 12 (1987): 4837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.12.4837.

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48

Giziewicz, Jerzy, Lajos J. Gati, Edward E. Knaus, John R. Mercer, Richard J. Flanagan, and Leonard I. Wiebe. "Synthesis of [2-14C]-labelled 2,2′-anhydrouridine and 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives. A convenient route to [2-14C]-labelled 5-ethynyl- and 5-ethyl-2′-deoxyuridine." International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 36, no. 3 (1985): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-708x(85)90073-0.

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49

Mour, İzzet A., Saim Ozkar, and Cornelius G. Kreiter. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Pentacarbonylfumaronitrile-chromium(0), -molybdenum(0), and -tungsten(0)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 8 (1994): 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0808.

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Photolysis of hexacarbonyl-chromium(0), -molybdenum(0), and -tungsten(0) in presence of fumaronitrile yields at room temperature pentacarbonyl-fumaronitrile-chromium(0) (1), - molybdenum(0) (2), and -tungsten(0) (3). The complexes were purified by crystallization and characterized by IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The fumaronitrile ligand is bonded to the M(CO)5 moiety by one nitrile nitrogen atom rather than by the carbon-carbon double bond. In toluene 2 dissociates into fumaronitrile and pentacarbonyl-molybdenum(0), which is stabi­lized by the solvent. Fumaronitrile and solvated pentacarbonyl-molybdenum(0) exist in solu­tion together with 2 in an equilibrium which lies in favour of the former species.
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50

Aly, Abdelraheem M., Zehba Raizah, Hijaz Ahmed, Amal M. Al-Hanaya, and Noura Alsedias. "Double diffusion in a combined cavity occupied by a nanofluid and heterogeneous porous media." Open Physics 20, no. 1 (2022): 891–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0189.

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Abstract The aim of the present study is to simulate double diffusion in a circular cylinder over a rectangular cavity by utilizing incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. An originality of this study is adopting the ISPH method in simulating double diffusion in a novel domain of a circular cylinder over a rectangular shape occupied by Al 2 O 3 {{\rm{Al}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{3} – H 2 O {{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}} and heterogeneous porous media. The variations of Darcy parameter (Da) between 1 0 − 3 1{0}^{-3} and 1 0 − 5 1{0}^{-5} with two levels of porous media, ( 0 ≤ η 1 = η 2 ≤ 1.5 ) (0\le {\eta }_{1}={\eta }_{2}\le 1.5) , Rayleigh number ( 1 0 3 ≤ Ra ≤ 1 0 5 ) (1{0}^{3}\le {\rm{Ra}}\le 1{0}^{5}) with variable buoyancy ratio parameter ( 0 ≤ N ≤ 2 ) (0\le N\le 2) , solid volume fraction ϕ \phi between 0 and 0.05, and Lewis number ( 10 ≤ Le ≤ 40 ) (10\le {\rm{Le}}\le 40) on the features of heat/mass transport as well as velocity field are discussed. It is found that the homogeneous porous medium reduces the temperature and concentration within a combined cavity. A decrease in Darcy parameter from 1 0 − 2 1{0}^{-2} and 1 0 − 5 1{0}^{-5} suppresses the maximum of a nanofluid velocity by 75% regardless the levels of porous media. An increase in parameters Ra and N enhances the heat and mass transmission, as well as the nanofluid velocity. Adding more concentration of nanoparticles until 5 % 5 \% reduces the nanofluid velocity. The variations of boundary conditions are acting effectively in changing the temperature and concentration circulations within a combined cavity. Besides, the variations of boundary conditions change the maximum of the velocity field by 86.9%.
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