Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantification tumorale'
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Denis, Fabrice. "Quantification Doppler des modifications de la néovascularisation tumorale au cours des traitements anti-cancéreux." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3303.
Full textTumour vascularization is implicated in tumour growth and progression. We aimed to study and quantify the functional vascularization of mammary tumours using Doppler-sonography in animal and in Human. A rat autochtonous mammary tumour system was used. Animals were treated by epirubicin, irradiation and TNP-470. Docosahexaenoique acid (DHA), a nutritional compound, was also used to assess its role in tumour growth and in vascularization. Vascular réduction following DHA administration was not associated with any changes in tumour growth. In irradiated rats, vascular changes occured 21 days before tumour shrinkage. Thèse changes in vascularization occured commensurely with tumour shrinkage subséquent to chemotherapy and were independant of tumour shrinkage following TNP-470 administration. In Human, early vascular changes were not predictive of tumour chemosensitivity following docetaxel. Tumour vascularization is involved in tumour response to anti-cancer agents
Lehmann, Pierre. "Quantification de la perfusion et de la perméabilité endothéliale dans la pathologie tumorale en IRM cérébrale." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED012.
Full textThe perfusion imaging has shown its interest in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of brain tumors. The MRI methods to measure the perfusion can be divided into two groups: methods using intravenous contrast agents and those not using them. The clinical applications on this imaging are still evaluating. After reminders on brain tumors, on angiogenesis and on contrast agent’s properties, we present the basic techniques of magnetic resonance imaging perfusion (MRI),and describe the different sequences acquisitions and analysis methods of perfusion images. In a second part three clinical studies using dynamic susceptibility contrast MR perfusion imaging, permeability and perfusion without injection of contrast are detailed and allow to characterize different types of brain tumors (eg, meningiomas, glioblastomas) These studies demonstrate the clinical use of MRI perfusion for a better diagnosis of encephalic tumors
Peretti, Agathe. "Quantification de l’hétérogénéité tumorale à partir de l’imagerie médicale. : Application à la classification de tumeurs rénales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0917.
Full textThis document deals with mathematical modelling of tumour growth. Biological indicators based on medical images are constructed in order to quantify tumoral heterogeneity. In the first part, a partial differential equations model made of two distinct cell subtypes is being studied. The model’s parameters are unique for each patient and each lesion. They are computed thanks to medical images (MRI or scan), which is a non-invasive method for the patient. Both the indicators and the model described are used on the cases of 5 patients treated with an anti-angiogenic medicine. The last part of the document aims at distinguishing different renal tumour subtypes that can be malignant or benign. Angiomyolipomas and renal cells carcinomas were particulary studied in the last part of the document
Orlhac, Fanny. "Au-delà de la mesure de SUV en imagerie TEP : propriétés et potentiel des paramètres de texture pour caractériser les tumeurs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112198/document.
Full textThe precise characterization of the biological heterogeneity of a tumor is a major issue in oncology. The calculation of biomarkers reflecting this heterogeneity directly from imaging data offers a number of advantages: it is non-invasive, can be repeated during the therapy, does not require supplementary examinations and the whole tumor and possible metastases can be investigated from the images. My research project was to develop and assess methods to characterize the metabolic activity distribution in tumors.Texture analysis based on PET images requires a protocol to compute index that is somehow more sophisticate than when simply measuring the conventional index used in clinical practice. To determine the role of the different steps that are involved in the computation of texture index, a methodological study was conducted. This study demonstrated that some texture parameters were redundant and that there existed a strong correlation between some of them and the metabolic volume. We have also shown that the formula and the rate of discretization impact the texture analysis and clarified the interpretation of these metrics. After the protocol of texture index computation has been established, the second part of this work was to assess the interest of these indices for the tumor characterization. We showed that some texture indices were different in tumor and in healthy tissue and could identify histological types such as the triple-negative breast tumors, the squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma in lung tumors, as well as the grade of gliomas.To understand the links between the tumor heterogeneity as measured from PET images and the biological heterogeneity of lesions, we compared the texture analysis based on different scales in a mouse model. This study revealed that the texture measured in vivo based on PET images reflects the texture measured ex vivo from autoradiographic images
Stute, Simon. "Modélisation avancée en simulations Monte Carlo de tomographie par émission de positons pour l'amélioration de la reconstruction et de la quantification." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112264.
Full textPositron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that plays a major role in cancer diagnosis and cancer patient monitoring. However, PET images suffer from a modest spatial resolution and high noise. As a result, there is no consensus on how the metabolically active tumour volume and the tumour uptake should be characterized. Ln the meantime, research groups keep producing new methods for tumour characterization based on PET images, which need to be assessed in realistic conditions. A Monte Carlo simulation based method has been developed to produce PET images of cancer patients that are indistinguishable from clinical images, and for which all parameters are known. Fourteen quantification methods were compared in realistic conditions using a group of patient data simulated using this method. Ln addition, the proposed method was extended to simulate serial PET scans in the context of patient monitoring, including modelling of tumour changes and variability over time of non-tumour physiological uptake. Ln a second part of the work, Monte Carlo simulations were used to study the detection probability inside the crystals of the tomograph. A model of the crystal response was derived and included in the system matrix involved in tomographic reconstruction. The resulting reconstruction method was compared with other sophisticated methods proposed in the literature. Using simulated data, we demonstrated that the proposed method improved the noise/resolution trade-off over equivalent approaches. We illustrated the robustness of the method using clinical data. The proposed method might lead to an improved accuracy in tumour characterization from PET images
Soussan, Michaël. "Developpement et applications cliniques de methodes de quantification en TEP pour le pronostic et le suivi therapeutique des cancers." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112135.
Full textIn the era of personalized medicine, genomics and targeted therapies, the availability of quantitative tools assisting the interpretation of medical images is essential. In Positron Emission Tomography (PET), beyond measurements of uptake intensity, it is possible to derive quantitative index characterizing the metabolic volume or the tumoral heterogeneity. The objective of this work was to investigate the value of new quantitative indices to enhance PET imaging, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of the whole tumor. The first part of the work deals with methodological issues associated with the measurement of tumor heterogeneity using textural index. In particular, we identified the most robust and informative textural index for clinical applications. Two sets of patients have then been used to explore the contribution of metabolic volume and texture analysis in PET. In lung cancer patients, our results suggest that the measurement of tumor heterogeneity gives some information regarding the histological features of the tumor. A second set of results shows that metabolic volume is more relevant than conventional indices for evaluating the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced stages. A correlation between quantitative changes during treatment and post-treatment histology results was used to demonstrate the relevance of these indices. In breast cancer patients, our results suggest that tumors with aggressive immunohistological patterns, particularly triple-negative phenotype, have a more heterogeneous texture than other types. In summary, our results suggest that a more comprehensive quantitative characterization of the metabolic activity distribution in tumor using PET imaging improves the pre-therapeutic and prognostic evaluation of cancer
Hullo, Marie. "Place des nanoparticules pour lutter contre la radio-résistance du cancer du sein : impact de l’hétérogénéité tumorale Gold Nanoparticle Uptake in Tumor Cells: Quantification and Size Distribution by sp-ICPMS . Radiation Enhancer Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles: Experimental in Vitrolimits Andrelevant Physical Chemical Simulation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL004.
Full textThe use of high-Z nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy effects has gained momentum over the last decade. Historically, as nanoparticles increase tumor density, they were thought to improve radiation dose by locally increasing the probability of interactions with ionizing radiations. Local dose enhancement is then associated with increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. Therefore, radiosensitization with nanoparticles could impair radioresistance as well as improve therapeutic index. Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of breast cancer treatment. However, mammary tumors are heterogeneous and comprise distinct populations of cancer cells that respond differently to treatments. Cancer stem cells (CSC) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are major factors contributing to cancer cells plasticity, tumor heterogeneity, and escape from programmed cell death (apoptosis). In breast cancer, both CSC and cells undergoing EMT are characterized by the expression of two surface markers CD24 and CD44 (CD24-/low, CD44 high). This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of high-Z nanoparticles of different nature (gold, platinum), different size (from 5 to 35 nm) and different surface charge (positive and negative) as potent radiosensitizer on several breast cancer models of different epithelial or mesenchymal state. As no significant change could initially be observed in vitro following the combination of nanoparticles with radiation compared to radiation alone, I gain insight on the influence of physical, chemical and biological parameters required for characterizing radio-enhancement. Among them, I focused on improving the diffusion of nanoparticles and their internalization in tumor cells. I showed that nanoparticles uptake by breast cancer cells was depending on their mesenchymal state: nanoparticle internalization by cancer cells is dramatically increased in mesenchymal-like cancer cells compared to epithelial-like cells across a panel of several breast cancer cell lines. Importantly this discrepancy was not affected by the charge, size or surface chemistry of the nanoparticles themselves. This strongly suggests a cell-dependent mechanism, in opposition to the current paradigm that nanoparticles uptake is mainly governed by their inherent physical/chemical properties. This study emphasized the importance of membrane and extracellular structures in nanoparticle recognition and preferential interaction with cells. Our results are of peculiar interests as the identification of genes or mechanisms facilitating nanoparticles accumulation into radioresistant cancer cells could further conception of promising therapeutic nanoparticles
Gauthier, Marianne. "Etude de l’influence de l’entrée artérielle tumorale par modélisation numérique et in vitro en imagerie de contraste ultrasonore. : application clinique pour l’évaluation des thérapies ciblées en cancérologie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T088.
Full textDynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) is currently used as a functional imaging technique for evaluating anti-angiogenic therapies. A mathematical model has been developed by the UPRES EA 4040, Paris-Sud university and the Gustave Roussy Institute to evaluate semi-quantitative microvascularization parameters directly from time-intensity curves. But DCE-US evaluation of such parameters does not yet take into account physiological variations of the patient or even the way the contrast agent is injected as opposed to other functional modalities (dynamic magnetic resonance imaging or perfusion scintigraphy). The aim of my PhD was to develop a deconvolution process dedicated to the DCE-US imaging, which is currently used as a routine method in other imaging modalities. Such a process would allow access to quantitatively-defined microvascularization parameters since it would provide absolute evaluation of the tumor blood flow, the tumor blood volume and the mean transit time. This PhD has been led according to three main goals. First, we developed a deconvolution method involving the creation of a quantification tool and validation through studies of the microvascularization parameter variability. Evaluation and comparison of intra-operator variabilities demonstrated a decrease in the coefficients of variation from 30% to 13% when microvascularization parameters were extracted using the deconvolution process. Secondly, we evaluated sources of variation that influence microvascularization parameters concerning both the experimental conditions and the physiological conditions of the tumor. Finally, we performed a retrospective study involving 12 patients for whom we evaluated the benefit of the deconvolution process: we compared the evolution of the quantitative and semi-quantitative microvascularization parameters based on tumor responses evaluated by the RECIST criteria obtained through a scan performed after 2 months. Deconvolution is a promising process that may allow an earlier, more robust evaluation of anti-angiogenic treatments than the DCE-US method in current clinical use
Machon, Christelle. "Quantification des pools de nucléotides à l'aide de la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : applications à l'étude de la progression tumorale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10217/document.
Full textNucleotides, term including nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates, are endogenous compounds playing various roles in biology. They are components of nucleic acids, provide energy to metabolic reactions and act as carriers or second messenger. The study of endogenous nucleotides has become of great interest in physiological and pathological conditions. We developed a method for the quantification of endogenous nucleotides, using an on-line extraction on a WAX column coupled with LC-MS/MS. Analytical separation is performed on a Hypercarb column, without ion pairing agent in the mobile phase. The use of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer following positive mode ionization allows the unambiguous identification of nucleotides presenting the same mass. Extraction and separation of nucleotides are achieved within 20 min and the method including re-equilibration of the two columns within 37 min. The method was validated for the quantification of nucleoside mono- and triphosphates, and could be applied to series of more than twenty biological samples. Secondly, in a study based on design of experiments, pre-analytical parameters influencing results of intracellular nucleotides were compared in four cell lines. We demonstrated that optimal pre-analytical parameters depend on cell lines. This clearly highlights the importance of pre- analytical conditions for the quantification of intracellular nucleotides to be as representative as possible of the real levels in cells. Then, thanks to experience acquired during the development and the validation of the analytical method, scientific collaborations have been established with several cancer research teams. For example, implication of nucleotide metabolism in replicative stress induced by oxidative stress or in the metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells was studied. Results obtained by our analytical approach were complementary to those obtained by other techniques. To conclude, our work consisted on the study of the entire workflow for the analysis of endogenous nucleotides in various biological samples
Goldwirt, Lauriane. "Rôle des médicaments antiangiogéniques et de l’expression des transporteurs d’efflux de la barrière hémato-encéphalique dans la modulation du passage intracérébral et intratumoral des médicaments utilisés dans le traitement du glioblastome." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114820.
Full textGlioblastomas are the most common brain tumors occurring in France with an incidence of 4 new cases per year per 100 000 population (2400/year). The gold standard pharmacological treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma relies on temozolomide administration (75 mg/m2/d) concomitant to radiotherapy, followed by six cycles consolidation. However, despite this treatment, the median survival is only 15 months and relapse occurs within 3 to 9 months. New therapeutic approaches are needed. Among them, other chemotherapies (irinotecan) and inhibition of angiogenesis were explored. Angiogenesis is a critical process in GBM progression. Inhibition of angiogenesis, inducing a reduction of the blood vessels, reduces supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tumor. The effectiveness of GBM treatment is subjected to intra-brain diffusion through the blood-brain barrier. The objective of this study was firstly to study the impact of efflux transporter ABCB1 brain expression on temozolomide (TMZ) and irinotecan (CPT-11) brain distribution, and secondly, to assess the role of bevacizumab (BVZ)(angiogenesis inhibitor) in the modulation of TMZ and CPT-11 brain and tumor distribution. Using a comparative pharmacokinetic study in CF1 mdr1a (+/+) and CF1 mdr1a (-/-) mice, we demonstrated an active efflux of TMZ, CPT-11 and its active metabolite SN-38 from the brain to the plasma involving ABCB1. We also demonstrated in vivo that TMZ accumulates in brain tumor and BVZ pretreatment increased TMZ tumor distribution. However no effect of BVZ on CPT-11 brain or tumor distribution was evidenced. Therefore BVZ would appear to be an interesting way to increase TMZ tumor distribution. The same objective was pursued through a different approach using ultrasound unfocused to open the BBB (Carthera collaboration)
Boughdad, Sarah. "Contributions of radiomics in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and in MRI in breast cancer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS500.
Full textBreast cancer is a common disease for which ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and breast MRI are frequently performed in routine practice. However, the different information provided by each of these imaging techniques are currently under-exploited. Indeed, in routine the interpretation of these scans is mainly based on visual analysis whereas the « quantitative » analysis of PET/CT data is generally limited to the sole use of the SUVmax while in breast MRI, simple parameters to characterize tumor enhancement after injection of contrast medium are used. The advent of PET/MRI machines, calls for an evaluation of the contribution of a more advanced quantification of each of the modalities separately and in combination in the setting of breast cancer. This is along with the concept of « Radiomics » a field currently expanding and which consists in extracting many quantitative characteristics from medical images used in clinical practice to decipher tumor heterogeneity or improve prediction of prognosis. The aim of our work was to study the contribution of radiomic data extracted from ¹⁸F-FDG PET and MRI imaging with contrast injection to characterize tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer taking into account the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, namely luminal (Lum A, Lum B HER2- and Lum B HER2 +), triple-negative and HER2 + tumors. In this context, we focused on the prediction of prognosis in patients treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The influence of physiological variations such as age on the calculation of radiomic data in normal breast and breast tumors separately was also explored, as well as the multi-center variability of radioman features. Radiomic features were extracted using the LiFex software developed within IMIV laboratory. The patient database used for the studies were all retrospective data. We reported for the first time the influence of age on the values of radiomic features in healthy breast tissue in patients recruited from 2 different institutions but also in breast tumors especially those with a triple-negative subtype. Similarly, significant associations between the radiomic tumor phenotype in PET and MRI imaging and well-established prognostic factors in breast cancer have been identified. In addition, we showed a large variability in the PET « radiomic profile » of breast tumors with similar breast cancer subtype suggesting complementary information within their metabolic phenotype defined by radiomic features. Moreover, taking into account this variability has been shown to be of particular interest in improving the prediction of pathological response in patients with triple-negative tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A peri-tumoral breast tissue region satellite to the breast tumor was also investigated and appeared to bear some prognostic information in patients with Lum B HER2- tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In MR, we demonstrated the need to harmonize the methods for radiomic feature calculation. Overall, we observed that radiomic features derived from MR were less informative about the molecular features of the tumors than radiomic features extracted from PET data and were of lower prognostic value. Yet, the combination of the enhanced tumor volume in MR with a PET radiomic feature and the tumor molecular subtype yielded enhanced the accuracy with which response to neoadjuvant therapy could be predicted compared to features from one modality only or molecular subtype only
Flament, Julien. "Développement de l'imagerie RMN par agents CEST : application à un modèle rongeur de tumeur cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720031.
Full textBrulé, Aude. "Quantification de l'information ultrasonore dans les explorations échographiques tumorales." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T029.
Full textDoisy, Anne. "Analyse de la migration et de la déformation cellulaires : application à l'étude du rôle de la protéine CD9/MRP1 dans le carcinome colorectal." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10229.
Full textBarrois, Guillaume. "Development of quantitative methods for the following of tumoral angiogenesis with dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066180/document.
Full textThis work aimed to develop methods to robustly evaluate in vivo functional flow within the tumor vascular network with Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US). Three aspects of data analysis were addressed: 1) insuring best fit between parametric flow models and the experimentally acquired echo-power curves, 2) compensating sequences for motion and 3) evaluating a method to discriminate between tissues with different functional flow. A multiplicative model is proposed to describe the DCE-US signal. Based on this model, a new parametric regression method of the signal is derived. Characterization of the statistical properties of the noise and signal is also used to develop a new method simulating contrast-enhanced ultrasound 2D+t sequences. A significant decrease in the variability of the functional flow parameters extracted according to the new multiplicative-noise fitting method is demonstrated using both simulated and experimentally-acquired sequences. The new sequence simulations are applied to test a method combining motion estimation and flow-parameter estimation within a single mathematical framework. Because this new method does not require the selection of a reference image, it reduces operator intervention. Tests of the method on both simulations and clinical data and demonstrate in a majority of sequences a more accurate motion estimation than the commonly used image registration method. Finally, a non-parametric method for perfusion curve clustering is evaluated on 2D+t sequences. The aim of this method is to regroup similar filling patterns without a priori knowledge about the patterns. The method is tested on simulated and on pre-clinical data
Ketata, Ines. "Extraction et Modélisation de la cinétique du traceur en imagerie TEP pour la caractérisation des tissus tumoraux." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS031/document.
Full textThe research of this thesis proposes in the context of the breast cancer characterization in order to achieve a new approach for the extraction and modeling of the tracer kinetics in PET imaging.The measurement of the counting rate of a tracer in a region of interest (ROI) estimated using an extension of a Real Valued Local Dissimilarity Map (RVLDM) proposed grayscale and the use of dynamic models as the method of factor analysis of medical image sequences (FAMIS) applied on the ROI enable an automatic early quantification of glucose metabolism. More specifically, it is to determine a new KFPQ empirical parameter. It is calculated from the two compartments obtained in the region of interest and tumor as assessed during the first pass of the 18F-FDG tracer in the early PET images
Doury, Maxime. "Quantification of tissue perfusion using contrast-enhanced ultrasound : toward robust exam comparison." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066255/document.
Full textQuantification of tissue perfusion from dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound data relies on appropriate modeling of the curve representing the evolution of the contrast-agent concentration inside the studied tissue. Many factors, experimental or physiological, make inter-subject or intra-subject comparison of these perfusion parameters difficult. In this thesis, the reproducibility and the comparison of various quantification methods was investigated through preclinical test-retest experiments and through simulations. The investigated methods were: the log-normal model, the one-compartment model using an arterial input function, and the one-compartment model using a reference tissue. The preclinical experiments revealed the difficulty to estimate an arterial input function directly from the image, as well as the necessity to locally correct for the time of arrival of the contrast agent in the tissue in order to ensure the model accurately fits the experimental enhancement curves. A regularized linear estimation of the parameters of the one-compartment model using a reference tissue taking advantage of multiple tissue regions was then proposed to obtain homogeneous relative values of the tissue blood flow and tissue blood volume, expressed relatively to the parameter value inside the reference tissue. The improved robustness and reproducibility of the method was demonstrated. The influence of factors such as the exam duration, the sampling frequency, the number of tissue regions in the analysis, and the noise amplitude were investigated through simulations, and allowed us to formulate recommendations regarding the acquisition and the analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound studies
Granier, Clémence. "Expression de récepteurs inhibiteurs sur les lymphocytes T infiltrant les tumeurs du rein : signification biologique et clinique Multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells Tim-3 expression on tumor-infiltrating PD-1+CD8+ T cells correlates with poor clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB183.
Full textIt has been mainly described that the inhibitory receptors coexpression (PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT) by lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces a local immunosuppression. Targeting these receptors particularly PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 is of great clinical benefit in cancer many types treatment (melanoma, renal and lung cancer in particular). In the most cases of cancer, like melanoma and lung cancer, a CD8-T cell and Th-1/IFN-gamma response is of good prognosis. But this is not the case in renal cancer and in hemopathies. My PhD work attempts to characterize clinical and biological implication of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression by intra-tumor lymphocytes in the setting of renal cancer and lymphoma. My PhD work has been conducted thanks to new methods of multiplexed characterization of the TME. Multispectral immunofluorescence lead to identify 7 parameters at the same time, and in this study I elaborated the identifications of lymphocytes markers in situ within the tumor: 4 membrane and/or nuclear proteins + nuclei (Dapi counterstain) and also coupled with the RNA detection. This tool allows me to accurately study the coexpression of PD-1 and TIM-3 at the CD8-T cell surface thanks to colocalisation identification and counting of these 3 markers. With the same method, I found that PD-L1 and Gal-9, which are PD-1 and TIM-3 ligands, were also expressed in the TME of renal carcinoma. I found that the coexpression of TIM-3 together with PD-1 in the CD8-T cells had a double relevance (i) at functional level, CD8-T cells were less able to secrete gamma-IFN (ii) at clinical level, patients harboring a higher infiltrate were more likely to relapse. The presence of PD-L1 and Gal-9 suggested interactions with inhibitory receptors of T cells. I also characterized CD8-T cells expressing PD-1 and TIM-3 in lymphomas, combining a CD20 staining (quadruple staining + Dapi). TIM-3 was more or less expressed depending of the lymphoma type near to CD20+ cells. TIM-3 PD-1 CD8-T cells were more likely Ki-67+ compared to TIM-3- cells, suggesting a more proliferative capacity. In order to continue the characterization of the Th-1/gamma-IFN-gamma immune response, I elaborate a technic to detect the gamma-IFN RNA in situ, together with lymphocytes staining, allowing the exploration of functionality within the tumor. To summarize, during my PhD work I could characterize composite immune biomarkers linked to the functionality of CD8-T cell and gamma-IFN Th-1 response
Meddeb, Romain. "Détection et quantification de l'ADN circulant : conditions pré-analytiques et applications pour le suivi des patients atteints de cancer colorectal." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT037.
Full textThe analysis of circulating DNA has already demonstrated its potential in oncology as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis of relapses, detection of minimal residual disease, monitoring tumor clonal evolution and acquired resistances, as well as a theranostic tool in predicting the efficacy of some targeted therapies. But apart from the recent approval by the FDA of two tests for the detection of EGFR gene alterations in circulating tumor DNA before the initiation of treatment with Gefitinib or Afatinib in non-small cell lung cancer, no application of circulating DNA in oncology has yet been validated in clinical practice. One of the main hurdles that has been well identified for several years, and therefore one of the main challenges for the scientific and medical community, is the harmonization and standardization of pre-analytical procedures for sample processing and associated analytical techniques. In addition, it seems that other recent issues have emerged, including the need for procedures adapted to particular clinical applications. Still with the aim of optimizing the analysis of circulating DNA, one of the two objectives of my thesis project was to study the influence of pre-analytical and demographic parameters on the quantification of circulating nuclear and mitochondrial DNA on a cohort of 104 healthy individuals and 118 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In particular, we showed a significant difference between healthy individuals with an age below and above or equal to the median value (Mann-Whitney U test, Pvalue = 0.009), and between females and males (Whitney U test, Pvalue = 0.048). Multivariate analysis of these data then confirmed that age was the only predictive factor of a high nuclear-related circulating DNA concentration in our healthy individuals’ cohort (Odd Ratio = 2.41, Pvalue = 0.033). All other parameters studied did not show any influence on the quantification of nuclear or mitochondrial circulating DNA in healthy individuals or patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In a second step, aware of the difficulties observed in the literature regarding the lack of harmonization and heterogeneity of results, we proposed a more complete and detailed guideline than that proposed by El Messaoudi et al in 2015, but mainly adapted to different clinical applications in oncology and other fields such as organ transplantation and non-invasive prenatal testing. Based on our own observations and a non-exhaustive review of the literature, this guideline is only validated for the analysis of nuclear circulating DNA. Specificities relative to the study of mitochondrial circulating DNA are now established and require a guideline entirely dedicated to its analysis. The second objective of my thesis project was to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating DNA analysis in the early detection of recurrences in patients curatively treated for stage II/III colorectal cancer, as part of a prospective multicentric clinical study called "DNAcir" promoted by the Limoges University Hospital. At this stage, the results of this project are preliminary and therefore the hypothesis made in this manuscript should be taken with caution. In addition, this thesis work provide a recent review of the literature in the field of circulating DNA and their clinical applications, while providing new knowledge on pre-analytical treatment of samples and also opening up new avenues for reflection, particularly on the potential effect of surgery on the quantification of circulating DNA, or even adjuvant therapy if necessary
Petitprez, Florent. "Integrated analysis and clinical impact of immune and stromal microenvironments in solid tumors Quantitative analyses of the tumor microenvironment composition and orientation in the era of precision medicine Transcriptomic analysis of the tumor microenvironment to guide prognosis and immunotherapies Tumor microenvironment quantification tool draws a comprehensive map of the tumor microenvironment of non-hematologic human cancers The mMCP-counter method to estimate abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression in murine samples Immune sub-classes in sarcoma predict survival and immunotherapy response Intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with a low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma early recurrence Association of IL-36γ with tertiary lymphoid structures and inflammatory immune infiltrates in human colorectal cancer Immune-based identification of cancer patients at high risk of progression Tumor-infiltrating and peripheral blood T-cell immunophenotypes predict early relapse in localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltrate are associated with clinical progression in patients with node-positive prostate cancer Intratumoral classical complement pathway activation promotes cancer progression." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB104.
Full textTumors are composed not only of malignant cells but also contain a vast variety of non-malignant cells, notably immune cells forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). The composition of the TME was shown to be associated with clinical outcome for cancer patients, in terms of survival and therapeutic responses. With the relatively recent development of immunotherapies targeting specific elements of the TME, tumor immunology has risen a strong interest and holds a strong therapeutic potential. Several methodologies have been developed to study the composition of the TME with an increased precision. Notably, some methods such as MCP-counter enable the use of the tumor bulk transcriptome to quantify cell populations composing the TME. The methodological aspect of this PhD project consisted in setting up an enhanced version of MCP-counter that can be readily applied to RNA-Seq data, as well as propose an adaptation of the method for mouse models. Using MCP-counter, the TME of large series of tumors can be easily analyzed. The application part of this PhD work consisted of applying MCP-counter to establish an immune-based classification of soft-tissue sarcoma, a rare, aggressive and heterogeneous cancer type. The immune classification notably allowed to identify immune low and high groups, and a group characterized by a strong vasculature. Interestingly, the classification was notably found to be predictive of the patients' response to immunotherapies. It also highlighted an important role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). TLS are lymph-node-like structures composed of T and B cells that form within the tumor or in close proximity. They are a site of formation and maturation of antitumoral immune responses. TLS are raising a growing interest in many malignancies. In most cancer types, a strong infiltration by T cells, in particular CD8+ T cells, is associated with a favorable clinical outcome. However, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer are exceptions to this general rule. Indeed, in these urological cancers, an increased infiltration by T cells is associated with a decreased patient survival and with earlier relapse and disease progression. In a third part of this thesis, these exceptions are investigated with more details by scrutinizing the TME, and questioning the implication of the complement system. Overall, this thesis presents how the combination of several analysis methods, in silico, in situ and in vivo, can help achieve an extremely precise description of the TME. Knowing accurately what cell populations and what their functional orientation can help guide patients care and improve clinical outcome. Complete description of the TME opens the way towards personalized medicine for cancer patients
Besse, Sébastien. "Ecoulement et transport convectif lors d'injections locales dans le tissu cérébral sain et tumoral : Quantifications par imagerie et développements prédictifs." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555672.
Full textBoily, Nicolas. "Caractérisation du microbiote tumoral influençant la réponse immunitaire et de son importance pronostique dans le cancer du sein." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20432.
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