Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quantitative index of dissimilarity

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Academic literature on the topic 'Quantitative index of dissimilarity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Quantitative index of dissimilarity"

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DECRAENE, JAMES, CHRISTOPHER MONTEROLA, GARY KEE KHOON LEE, and TERENCE GIH GUANG HUNG. "A QUANTITATIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF URBAN LAND USE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 24, no. 01 (2013): 1250092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183112500921.

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We have developed a procedure that characterizes the land use pattern of an urban system using: (a) Spatial entropy that measures the extent of spread of residential, business and industrial sectors; and (b) Index of dissimilarity that quantifies the degree of mixing in space of different sectors. The approach is illustrated by using the land use zoning maps of the city state of Singapore and a selection of North American cities. We show that a common feature of most cities is for the industrial areas to be highly clustered while at the same time segregated from the residential or business districts. We also demonstrate that the combination of entropy of residential and dissimilarity index between residential and business areas provides a quantitative and potentially useful means of differentiating the land use pattern of different cities.
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Farina, Almo. "Ecoacoustics: A Quantitative Approach to Investigate the Ecological Role of Environmental Sounds." Mathematics 7, no. 1 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7010021.

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Ecoacoustics is a recent ecological discipline focusing on the ecological role of sounds. Sounds from the geophysical, biological, and anthropic environment represent important cues used by animals to navigate, communicate, and transform unknown environments in well-known habitats. Sounds are utilized to evaluate relevant ecological parameters adopted as proxies for biodiversity, environmental health, and human wellbeing assessment due to the availability of autonomous audio recorders and of quantitative metrics. Ecoacoustics is an important ecological tool to establish an innovative biosemiotic narrative to ensure a strategic connection between nature and humanity, to help in-situ field and remote-sensing surveys, and to develop long-term monitoring programs. Acoustic entropy, acoustic richness, acoustic dissimilarity index, acoustic complexity indices (ACItf and ACIft and their evenness), normalized difference soundscape index, ecoacoustic event detection and identification routine, and their fractal structure are some of the most popular indices successfully applied in ecoacoustics. Ecoacoustics offers great opportunities to investigate ecological complexity across a full range of operational scales (from individual species to landscapes), but requires an implementation of its foundations and of quantitative metrics to ameliorate its competency on physical, biological, and anthropic sonic contexts.
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Sawicki, Karol, Michał M. Placek, Tomasz Łysoń, Zenon Mariak, Robert Chrzanowski, and Marek Czosnyka. "Change in Blood Flow Velocity Pulse Waveform during Plateau Waves of Intracranial Pressure." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081000.

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A reliable method for non-invasive detection of dangerous intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations is still unavailable. In this preliminary study, we investigate quantitatively our observation that superimposing waveforms of transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity (FV) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) may help in non-invasive identification of ICP plateau waves. Recordings of FV, ABP and ICP in 160 patients with severe head injury (treated in the Neurocritical Care Unit at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK) were reviewed retrospectively. From that cohort, we identified 18 plateau waves registered in eight patients. A “measure of dissimilarity” (Dissimilarity/Difference Index, DI) between ABP and FV waveforms was calculated in three following steps: 1. fragmentation of ABP and FV signal according to cardiac cycle; 2. obtaining the normalised representative ABP and FV cycles; and finally; 3. assessing their difference, represented by the area between both curves. DI appeared to discriminate ICP plateau waves from baseline episodes slightly better than conventional pulsatility index did: area under ROC curve 0.92 vs. 0.90, sensitivity 0.81 vs. 0.69, accuracy 0.88 vs. 0.84, respectively. The concept of DI, if further tested and improved, might be used for non-invasive detection of ICP plateau waves.
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Bilal, Mahmood Y. "Similarity Index–Probabilistic Confidence Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Strain Relatedness in Localized Outbreaks." Epidemiologia 3, no. 2 (2022): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020019.

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Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to expanding small-scale localized infection subclusters that eventually propagate into regional and global outspread. These infections are driven by spatial as well as temporal mutational dynamics wherein virions diverge genetically as transmission occurs. Mutational similarity or dissimilarity of viral strains, stemming from shared spatiotemporal fields, thence serves as a gauge of relatedness. In our clinical laboratory, molecular epidemiological analyses of strain association are performed qualitatively from genomic sequencing data. These methods however carry a degree of uncertainty when the samples are not qualitatively, with reasonable confidence, deemed identical or dissimilar. We propose a theoretical mathematical model for probability derivation of outbreak-sample similarity as a function of spatial dynamics, shared and different mutations, and total number of samples involved. This Similarity Index utilizes an Essen-Möller ratio of similar and dissimilar mutations between the strains in question. The indices are compared to each strain within an outbreak, and then the final Similarity Index of the outbreak group is calculated to determine quantitative confidence of group relatedness. We anticipate that this model will be useful in evaluating strain associations in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral outbreaks utilizing molecular data.
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Morales, Danielle Xiaodan. "Residential segregation of same-sex partnered households in the US." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 11/12 (2018): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2018-0054.

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Purpose Quantitative research on the segregation of same-sex partners in the USA is new, and limited by challenges related to the accurate measurement of segregation and data errors. The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel approach to re-examine residential segregation between same-sex partners and different-sex partners in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Two versions of the dissimilarity index and corrected same-sex partners data from the 2010 decennial census were used. Effects of different geographic scales were examined. Findings Results reveal that the levels of segregation of both male and female same-sex partners were higher at metropolitan- vs state-levels; the levels of segregation was lower when measured using the unbiased as compared to the conventional version of the D-index; and male same-sex partnered households were more segregated from different-sex partnered households than were female same-sex partnered households. Research limitations/implications Future studies should be attuned to geographic scale effects and should not ignore the bias of the D-index. Originality/value This study provides a better test of the differences between the two versions of the D-index and contributes to the literature by examining the segregation of both male same-sex partners and female same-sex partners across different geographic scales.
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Almeida, VLS, ÊW Dantas, M. Melo-Júnior, MC Bittencourt-Oliveira, and AN Moura. "Zooplanktonic community of six reservoirs in northeast Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 1 (2009): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000100007.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the zooplankton community at six reservoirs in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Zooplankton assemblages were identified using current literature and quantitatively analysed under a microscope and stereomicroscope. Concurrently to the sampling of zooplanktonic and phytoplanktonic communities, in situ measurements of abiotic variables, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, were determined using field probes and transparency was determined with a Secchi disk. Total phosphorus concentrations were used for the determination of the Trophic State Index. The reservoirs were classified between eutrophic and hypertrophic, oxygenated, with pH varying from slightly acid to alkaline, high temperatures and low water transparency. A total of 27 zooplankton taxa were identified. Phytoplankton was represented by Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Baccilariophyta and phytoflagellates. The highest richness of species was observed for Rotifera (17), followed by Crustacea (8), Protozoa (1) and Insecta (1). Rotifers shared quantitative importance with Crustacea, which were mainly represented by juvenile forms. Jazigo Reservoir presented the highest diversity and equitability. Lowest diversity and equitability were recorded at the Poço da Cruz and Mundaú reservoirs, respectively. Dissimilarity was detected between the environments studied regarding zooplankton composition and structure.
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Inčiūraitė, R., R. Gedgaudas, R. Lukosevicius, et al. "P085 Gut microbiota profile changes in patients with Ulcerative Colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (2023): i248—i249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0215.

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Abstract Background Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The frequency of UC is increasing worldwide, however, existing methods for both diagnostics and treatment of this disease are not efficient enough. It is known that besides comprised immune response, environmental and genetic factors, gut microbiota play a major role in the onset and course of UC. Therefore, efforts are currently being made to find and develop new gut microbiome-based tools to improve the management of UC. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the gut microbiome during active and quiescent UC. Methods Study included 72 subjects, who were divided into three age- and sex-matched groups: control (n=25), active UC (n=27) and quiescent UC (n=20). Total DNA was extracted from faeces, which was further subjected to the next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA-coding gene V1-V2 hypervariable region on MiSeq (Illumina) platform. Further, bioinformatics and statistical analysis were performed. Results Bacterial α-diversity, as assessed by Richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes, revealed that control patients had highest α-diversity compared to patients with active UC or quiescent UC (p<0.05), but there were no differences between UC disease states (p>0.05). Significant microbial community clusters (β-diversity), as assessed by the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, were identified between control subjects and patients with active or quiescent UC (p=0.02, p<0.01, respectively). However, no significant clusters were found between different disease states (p=0.22). In-between samples dissimilarity assessed by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index showed that samples from control subjects had higher in-between sample similarity (mean 0.542 ± 0.117) than patients with active (mean 0.638 ± 0.161) and quiescent (0.6 ± 0.145) UC. In addition, 16, 13 and 27 core taxa were identified in active, quiescent UC and control group, respectively. Differential abundance of Cuneatibacter, Faecalibacterium and Prevotellamassilia genera was detected when comparing control vs UC (both active and quiescent), Paraprevotella and Cuneatibacter genera – control vs active UC, Faecalibacterium, Prevotellamassilia, Mediterraneibacter and Cuneatibacter genera – control vs quiescent UC. Conclusion In conclusion, this study revealed both qualitative and quantitative gut microbiota changes in active and quiescent UC. Study was funded by the Research Council of Lithuania (Grant No. S-MIP-20-56).
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Blackburn, Robert M., Jennifer Jarman, and Janet Siltanen. "The Analysis of Occupational Gender Segregation Over Time and Place: Considerations of Measurement and Some New Evidence." Work, Employment and Society 7, no. 3 (1993): 335–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095001709373001.

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Despite the importance of occupational segregation as an area of investigation concerned with understanding women's employment status, pay levels, and promotional prospects during the last 20 years, there has been relatively little attention paid to the problems of trying to measure segregation levels in quantitative data. This paper argues that there are serious measurement problems which it illustrates by showing that two of the principal indices, the widely-used Index of Dissimilarity and the OECD's WE Index are highly flawed and produce unreliable results. It demonstrates the importance of these deficiencies using cross-national data from 9 countries for the period 1970-1982. The paper introduces a new way of analysing the form of these indices in the Basic Segregation Table, which is a 2 x 2 table of gendered occupations by sex. The paper suggests a new approach to measuring occupational segregation which provides more consistent and valid results. This is called Marginal Matching. The paper ends with an analysis of occupational gender segregation in England and Wales from 1951 to 1981. It concludes that, in contrast to research claims to date, the trend in segregation over this period is one of overall stability.
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Gouvêa, Lígia Regina Lima, Alisson Fernando Chiorato, and Paulo de Souza Gonçalves. "Divergence and genetic variability among superior rubber tree genotypes." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 45, no. 2 (2010): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2010000200007.

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The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability and divergence among 22 superior rubber tree (Hevea sp.) genotypes of the IAC 400 series. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using eight quantitative traits (descriptors), including yield. In the univariate analyses, the estimated parameters were: genetic and environmental variances; genetic and environmental coefficients of variation; and the variation index. The Mahalanobis generalized distance, the Tocher agglomerative method and canonical variables were used for the multivariate analyses. In the univariate analyses, variability was verified among the genotypes for all the variables evaluated. The Tocher method grouped the genotypes into 11 clusters of dissimilarity. The first four canonical variables explained 87.93% of the cumulative variation. The highest genetic variability was found in rubber yield-related traits, which contributed the most to the genetic divergence. The most divergent pairs of genotypes are suggested for crossbreeding. The genotypes evaluated are suitable for breeding and may be used to continue the IAC rubber tree breeding program.
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Kavelenova, Lyudmila Mikhailovna, Anna Borisovna Petrova, Kristina Andreevna Savitskaya, et al. "Results of quantitative parameters evaluation of leaves of some fruit and berry Rosaceae cultivars and hybrids." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 4 (2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201874107.

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The leaves of higher plants reveal a wide range of structural and ecofunctional differences expressed for taxa of various ranks, for representatives of ecological groups, as well as associated with adaptation to a complex of biotopic conditions. Among the quantitative indicators determined in the study of leaf phytomass samples there are some detected by direct measurement and others detected by calculating. The second group of indicators includes, in particular, the leaf mass per area (LMA) parameter. In nature, this indicator reveals differences within two orders for plants of various life forms (from the minimum in freshwater hydrophytes to the maximum in desert inhabitants). Functional groups of plants are characterized by unequal level of LMA plasticity in the gradient of abiotic conditions (such as light, temperature, moisture, edaphic regime). Evaluation of leaf apparatus parameters is widely demanded in various actual directions (plant ecology, forestry, environmental protection, cultivars study, etc.). In this paper we present some generalized data related to the results of the study of the leaf structure for some fruit and berry Rosaceae cultivars and hybrids (25 varieties of pears, 15 - apple, 13 - garden strawberries, 7 - clone rootstocks for stone fruit crops), for which the Scientific Research Institute Zhigulevskiye Sady specialists carry out cultivars study. We performed a row ranking procedure and constructed distribution histograms for the integrated data blocks for each group of objects, using the Excel. We turned to the percentage of the proportion of variables corresponding to different levels of LMA. The distribution analysis of generalized data on the LMA index showed perspectivity for comparing groups of objects of different systematic (varietal) accessories and for detection of dissimilarity trends between them.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quantitative index of dissimilarity"

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PROCACCIANTI, CLAUDIO. "Quantitative evaluation of in vitro transformation by analysis of morphological and biochemical markers and statistical descriptors." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28450.

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The EC directive REACH (EC1907/2006) sets, amongst others, the need for all the chemicals to be tested for their carcinogenic potential. In vitro assays can provide a fast and reliable tool for screening purposes. The Cell Transformation Assay (CTA) is one of the in vitro assays in the most advanced phase of the validation process and the only one able to evaluate both the genotoxic and the non-genotoxic potentials. The evaluation of results of the CTA is based on the scoring of transformed colonies (foci) by a trained expert on the basis of their morphological features. Levels of cell packing and multilayered growth, as well as fibroblastic shape of cells, criss-crossing and invasion of the surrounding monolayer features are evaluated for classification. While the decision making process is based on standard criteria, their interpretation is potentially biased, especially in borderline cases, due to a certain degree of subjectivism inherent in the evaluation of qualitative features. This aspect is critical towards the international validation of the CTA assay: subjectivity driven error might in fact result in under or over estimation of the carcinogenic potential of tested compounds. In this work, different approaches were used to develop an objective method to give decisional support to the operator in the classification procedure. Biological markers related to the transformation process (p53, cx43), and to a general cell stress (Hsp70) were analyzed. A novel technique for the in focus localization of biological markers of transformation was developed. RNA whole genome screening was used to set the conditions for future molecular characterization of foci-derived cell lines. A novel, Quantitative Index of Dissimilarity has been obtained by statistical descriptors capturing morphological features and employing an unsupervised image analysis approach, in order to help the operator in the decisional process of scoring the borderline cases.
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Lyons, Sherrice Olithia. "The Effects of Cultural Dissimilarity on Employee Job Attitudes and Productivity." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5371.

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Organizations in Jamaica have been impacted by globalization and the opportunities and challenges of cultural incompatibilities. Most previous studies on cultural incompatibilities have focused on the impact on expatriates leaving a gap in the literature with respect to the implications for host country nationals, and specifically Jamaicans. This quantitative study focused on employees of 2 companies in Jamaica, an energy company and a hospitality company. It examined cultural dissimilarity with respect to host country nationals and expatriates, and its effect on the productivity, job satisfaction, affective commitment, and normative commitment of these employees (N = 110). In addition to the above variables, the study also identified the role that gender, age, and tenure played in these relationships. Diversity theory, social exchange theory, homophily, and repulsion hypothesis formed the theoretical framework for this study, and multiple regression and correlation were utilized in the analysis of the data collected. The results of the study indicated correlation and predictive relationships between/among: culture and job satisfaction; age, gender, and experience in relation to job satisfaction; age, gender, and experience in relation to affective commitment; and culture, age, gender, and experience in relation to affective commitment. Social change implications for this study include the development of country-specific culture awareness training programs for both host country nationals and expatriates. It is further expected that the findings of this study will increase knowledge on the subject and help in the development of human resource management policies and procedures. These policies should aid in improved job attitudes and productivity for host country nationals.
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Giuricich, Mario Nicolo. "Index-linked catastrophe instrument valuation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29642.

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This thesis proposes four contributions to the literature on index-linked catastrophe instrument valuation. Invariably, any exercise to find index-linked catastrophe instrument prices involves three key steps: construct a suitable arbitrage-free valuation model, estimate the parameters for the underlying loss process and simulate the instrument prices. Chapters 3 to 5 of this thesis loosely follow this process. In Chapter 3 we propose an index-linked catastrophe bond pricing model, which pervades in subsequent chapters. We furthermore show how, under certain assumptions, our model can use real-world catastrophe loss-data to find arbitrage-free, index-linked catastrophe bond prices. Chapter 4 demonstrates how we estimate parameters for the catastrophe-related insuranceloss process on which our pricing model relies. In practice, data from such insurance-loss processes is both left-truncated and heavy tailed. We build on ? ]’s procedure for modelling left-truncated data via a compound non-homogeneous Poisson process, and modify their fitting process so that it becomes systematically applicable in the context of heavy-tailed data. We close this chapter by presenting an importance sampling technique for simulating index-linked catastrophe bond prices. Chapter 5 treats the new problem of finding simple, closed-form expressions for indexlinked catastrophe bond prices. By using the weak convergence of compound renewal processes to α-stable Levy motion, we derive weak approximations to these catastrophe bond prices. ´ Their applicability is then highlighted in the context of our catastrophe-bond pricing model. Chapter 6 deviates from the ambit of catastrophe bond pricing, and considers a new type of insurance-linked security, namely the contingent convertible catastrophe bond. Our foremost contribution is that we comprehensively formalise the design and features of this instrument. Subsequently, we derive analytical valuation formulae for index-linked contingent-convertible catastrophe bonds. Using selected parameter values in line with earlier research, we empirically analyse our valuation formulae for index-linked contingent-convertible catastrophe bonds.
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Ljung, Holm Jesper, and Tobias Wennergrund. "Hur identifieras segregerade bostadsområden? : En metodutveckling med utgångspunkt i Bollnäs tätort." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27538.

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Segregationen i Sverige har ökat de senaste åren vilket skapat ett allt större samhällsproblem. Det är därför viktigt att kommunerna i ett tidigt stadie aktivt börjar arbeta mot segregation och för social hållbarhet. Med denna studie och dess metodutveckling vill vi främja arbetet för mindre svenska tätorter genom att ta fram och testa en metod som kommuner kan använda vid en kartläggning av segregation. För att kunna hantera segregationens mångsidiga problemställning har flera metodsteg använts. En litteraturgenomgång resulterade i sex variabler som alla har betydande påverkan på segregationen. Dessa var fastighetsbestånd, förvärvsfrekvens, inrikes- och utrikesfödda, trångboddhet, utbildning och ålder. En enkätundersökning genomfördes sedan med 14 samhällsplanerare för att rangordna de variabler som litteraturgenomgången påvisade. Rangordningen användes sedan i metoden rank sum weights, som sedermera ledde fram till en multikriterieanalys (MKA) baserad på en linjär additiv metod. Målet med studien är att kunna presentera en kartläggning för segregationen i Bollnäs tätort utifrån den metod vi har utvecklat. Resultatet från studien visar att Bollnäs tätort har fyra områden som klassas som “mest segregerade” och tre områden som klassas som “minst segregerade”. Dessa resultat har testats med tre validitets- och reliabilitetsmetoder vilka var Index of Dissimilarity, intervju, samt känslighetsanalys. Resultatet från de tre testerna påvisar tydliga tendenser och snarlika resultat från vår metod, vilket indikerar att vår metod är robust och trovärdig. Behovet av ordentliga kartläggningar likt vår studie framkommer bland annat i intervjun där en planerare från Bollnäs kommun fick peka ut de fem områden personen ansåg vara mest segregerade. För dessa fem områden pekade planeraren ut ett område som enligt vår studie var minst segregerat, vilket påvisar svårigheten kring segregationsfrågan. Vår förhoppning med denna studie är att skapa en metod som främjar kommuners arbete med social hållbarhet.<br>Segregation in Sweden has been rising in recent years, which has lead to an increase in social problems. It is therefore important that municipalities, in an early stage, actively begin to work against segregation and towards social sustainability. With this study and its methodology we want to encourage smaller Swedish cities by developing and testing a method that municipalities can use in mapping of segregation. To handle segregation's complex problems, several of method steps have been applied. A literature review resulted in six variables, all of which have a significant impact on segregation. The variables were: housing tenure, employment rates, domestic/foreign-born, overcrowding, education and age. A survey was then conducted with 14 experts in the urban planning sector. The planners were asked to rank the variables that the literature review highlighted. The rankings were then used to create rank sum weights, which later led to a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) based on a linear additive method. The aim of the study is to present a mapping of the segregation in Bollnäs urban area based on the method we have developed. The result of the study shows that out of 15 areas in Bollnäs urban area, four were classified as "most segregated" and three areas classified as "least segregated". These results have been tested using three validity and reliability methods: The Index of Dissimilarity, interview and sensitivity analysis. The results of the three tests demonstrate clear trends and similar results compared with our method, which indicates that our method is robust and trustworthy. The necessity for proper mapping of segregation is demonstrated by the interview where a planner from Bollnäs municipality was given the chance to pinpoint five areas the person considered to be most segregated. For these five areas, the planner pointed out one area that according to our study was least segregated, which proves the difficulty of identifying segregation. Our hope with this study is to create a method that support municipalities work with social sustainability.
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Berrios, Germán, and Diez José M. Olivares. "Descriptive Psychopathology: Qualitative and quantitative issues." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100866.

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This paper deals with some of the issues that affect the understanding and functioning of descriptive psychopathology (DP). The latter remains the language of description in psychiatry and the basis for her nosological constructs. DP makes assumptions concerning the nature of its object and its underlying causes (i.e. makes use of the medical model). DP needs historical, clinical and numerical recalibration. It is suggested that in some cases, and against traditional psychometric principles, some instruments will have to be constructed that show flexibility and can be varied according to the descriptive needs presented by individual cases.<br>En el presente artículo se discuten algunos aspectos que afectan a la comprensión y al funcionamiento de la psicopatología descriptiva (PD), la cual proporciona un lenguaje descriptivo a la psiquiatría y las bases para sus constructos nosológicos. La PD formula postulados sobre la naturaleza de su objeto de estudio y sus causas subyacentes (haciendo uso del modelo médico). Se propone que la PD necesita una recalibración histórica, clínica y numérica. En relación a esto, se sugiere que en algunos casos, en contra de los principios psicométricos tradicionales, ciertos instrumentos deberán ser construidos de un modo flexible que permita que varíen de acuerdo a las necesidades descriptivas que presenten casos individuales.
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Saijeva, Heda. "Segregation and employment in Swedish regions." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15686.

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Immigration to Sweden has increased since Second World War. The immigra-tion pattern has also shifted from labor immigration to refugee immigration. The relative labor market performance of immigrants began to worsen at the end of 1970s. The employment rate among foreign born persons is considera-bly lower than it is among Swedish born persons.Integration of foreign born persons in the areas of education, income and em-ployment varies among FA-regions in Sweden. FA-region means functional analysis region, where you can live and work without having time-wasting trips.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between labor market participation of immigrants and segregation on the regional level.Three indices (Dissimilarity, Isolation and Gini) of segregation are used in or-der to investigate the relationship between segregation and employment level among immigrants. The results show that there exists a negative relationship between these variables. In FA-regions of metropolitan regions in spite of high segregation rate the relationship between segregation and employment rate is slightly weaker, than it is among FA-regions of large city regions. The main conclusion of this study is the regional perspective, the necessity of making this kind of analysis on regional level, not country level.
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Schmidt-Rogge, Nicola. "Quantitative und qualitative Auswertung kieferorthopädischer Behandlungen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14616.

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Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Behandlungsqualität und Behandlungsdauer der Kiefer- orthopädischen Abteilung einer Universitätsklinik zu bestimmen. Dazu wurden die Behandlungsmodelle vor und nach der Behandlung mit Hilfe des PAR (Peer Assess- ment Rating)-Indexes beurteilt. Weiterhin wurden mögliche Einflußgrößen auf die Behandlungsqualität und Behandlungsdauer untersucht. Die Behandlungsunterlagen von 100 fortlaufend abgeschlossenen Patienten (62 weiblich, 38 männlich) wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Das durchschnittliche Alter bei Behandlungsbeginn lag bei 14,9 Jahren (7,4 - 42,2 Jahre). Am häufigsten wurde die Behandlung im Alter von 9 oder 10 Jahren begonnen, 24 Patienten waren er- wachsen. Die Angle-Klasse II (71%) war am zahlreichsten vertreten, gefolgt von der Angle-Klasse I (21%) und der Klasse III (8%). 77 Patienten versäumten vereinbarte Termine, 38 Patienten mußten wegen ungenügender Mitarbeit ermahnt werden. Es kam ein breites Spektrum kieferorthopädischer Behandlungsgeräte zum Einsatz. Bei 95 Patienten wurde eine festsitzende Apparatur verwendet. Bei 52 Patienten er- folgte die Behandlung ausnahmslos mit dieser Apparatur, 33 Patienten wurden auf- einanderfolgend mit herausnehmbaren und festsitzenden Geräten behandelt und 10 Patienten kombiniert kieferorthopädisch und kieferchirurgisch. Nur 5 Patienten wur- den ausschließlich mit herausnehmbaren funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräten the- rapiert. Bei 31 Patienten wurden während der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung Zähne extrahiert. Der PAR Wert vor Behandlungsbeginn lag für die Gesamtgruppe bei durchschnittlich 23,9 Punkten. Der PAR Wert nach Behandlungsende lag bei 5,2. Die prozentuale Verbesserung betrug 75,6%. 65 Patienten hatten nach Behandlungsende einen PAR Wert ? 5 und 89 Patienten einen PAR Wert ? 10. Nur 4 Patienten erreichten einen PAR Wert von null. Die Verteilung der Patienten auf die einzelnen Verbesserungs- Kategorien lautete: greatly improved" 33 Patienten, improved" 65 Patienten, worse - no different" 2 Patienten. Auf die Behandlungsqualität hatte keiner der untersuchten Faktoren (Behandlungsmittel, Extraktion/Nichtanlage, Angle-Klasse, Mitarbeit und Geschlecht) einen signifikanten Einfluß. Die mittlere Behandlungsdauer aller Patienten betrug 39,1 Monate (8 - 85 Monate). Auf die Behandlungsdauer hatten von den untersuchten Faktoren (PAR Anfangswert, Behandlungsmittel, Extraktion/Nichtanlage, Angle-Klasse, Mitarbeit, Geschlecht und Alter bei Behandlungsbeginn) der PAR Anfangswert bei festsitzender Behandlung, die Behandlungsmittel, die Mitarbeit und das Alter bei Behandlungsbeginn einen signifikanten Einfluß. Die Behandlung mit herausnehmbaren und anschließend fest- sitzenden Apparaturen dauerte mit durchschnittlich 56,2 Monaten erwartungsgemäß am längsten. Die alleinige Behandlung mit festsitzenden Apparaturen benötigte im Schnitt 30,3 Monate, eine kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgische Kombinationsthera- pie beanspruchte 27,1 Monate. Extraktionen und/oder Nichtanlagen zeigten Tenden- zen zu längeren Behandlungszeiten. Jüngere Patienten benötigten eine signifikant längere Behandlungszeit.<br>The aim of this study was to assess the treatment standards and treatment time in a university clinic. Pre-treatment and post-treatment study casts were assessed by the PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) Index. The influence of various factors upon treat- ment quality and treatment duration was analysed. The treatment records of 100 consecutively finished patients (62 females and 38 males) were evaluated retrospectively. The mean age was 14.9 years (7.4 42.2 years) at the pre-treatment stage. Most of the patients were between the ages of 9 and 10 years old, 24 patients were over the age of 18. At the start of treatment, 71 patients had an Angle Class II, 21 an Angle Class I and 8 patients an Angle Class III. There were 77 patients who failed at least once to show up for their appointments and 38 patients had negative chart entries regarding appliance wear. There was a wide range of appliance types used in this sample. The treatment involved fixed appliances for 95 patients. 52 patients were treated only with this type of appliance, 33 were treated with removable and fixed appliances successively and 5 patients were treated solely with removable functional appliances. 10 patients received combined orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgery. 31 patients had extractions of permanent teeth as part of their treatment. The average pre- and post-treatment PAR scores were 23.9 and 5.2, repectively. The mean percentage reduction in PAR score was 75.6%. Post-treatment, 65 patients fell in the 0-5 PAR score group and 89 patients had a PAR score of 10 or less. However, only 4 patients scored 0 at the end of treatment. 33 patients have been "greatly im- proved", 65 patients "improved" and 2 ranked "worse or no different". Of all the fac- tors examined (type of therapy, extractions/agenesis, Angle Classes, compliance and gender) none showed a significant influence on post-treatment PAR scores. The mean treatment duration was 39.1 months (8 - 85 months). When treatment time was analysed, with all the factors examined (pre-treatment PAR score, type of treat- ment, extractions/agenesis, Angle Classes, compliance, gender and age at treatment start) only pre-treatment PAR score in the fixed appliance group, type of treatment, compliance and age at treatment start, were significantly related. As expected, the sequence of removable and fixed appliances required the longest treatment time (56.2 months). Fixed appliance therapy alone took 30.3 months, a combination of orthodontics and orthognatic surgery lasted for 27.1 months on average. Extractions and/or congenitally missing permanent teeth showed a tendency to higher treatment times. Inadequate compliance did significantly prolong treatment duration. Younger patients required longer treatment times.
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Evans, Teresa Craig. "School Choice at the Crossroads of Race, Class, and Accountability: An Analysis of the Effects of Voluntary School Choice on Elementary Schools in a Large District in the Southeastern United States." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3552.

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In recent years, the responsibility for the desegregation of American public schools has transitioned from federal court mandates to school board programs and policies. There is widespread belief that this has resulted in the resegregation of schools across the country. One popular policy that is purported to provide the opportunity for voluntary integration, along with accountability for academic quality, is school choice. The purpose of this study was to consider the implications of such a policy in one large school district. There is an extensive body of research exploring who participates in school choice, how they make their choices, and why they choose the schools their children attend. In contrast, this study was designed to investigate the actual choices made by parents and the impact of those choices on the elementary schools in the district. This quantitative descriptive study examined the racial and socioeconomic composition of students in one district’s elementary schools during the 2009-2010 school year, and explored the extent to which the student populations in these schools would differ if all students had attended their attendance area schools, rather than participating in the district’s voluntary choice plan. The actual 2009-2010 demographics were compared to “counterfactual” demographics for each school. The researcher generated the counterfactual data by removing the students who chose to attend the school and adding back the students who chose to exit the school. These actual and counterfactual demographics for each school were used to compare dissimilarity indices calculated for the district’s elementary schools as they actually were, and as they theoretically would have been without the school choice program. Additionally, the quality of the schools parents chose was investigated. The results showed that, in this district, the school choice plan did not impact the level of integration in the elementary schools. The schools were moderately segregated with the school choice plan in place, but were also moderately segregated based on the counterfactual demographics that represented the district without school choice. Most parents (60%) chose high quality schools, as identified by the state’s accountability plan. However, parents who chose low achieving schools were disproportionately black and poor. Further research is warranted to determine if the mechanics of the school choice plan could be manipulated to improve the level of integration in the district, and to better understand the decisions made by some parents to send their children to low performing schools.
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Kahatt, Karim, and Cecilia Azerrad. "From the quantitative to the qualitative criterion in environmental impact assessment." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116559.

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The essay discusses the criteria available in Peru’s environmental impact assessment regime for mandatory modification of environmental impact studies as a result of the modification of the underlying project. The paper identifies the gaps in the cross-sector legislation on environmental impact assessment, and the deficiencies of sector-specific legislation on environmental impact assessment, which have privileged quantitative criteria associated to the size of the project, over qualitative criteria associated to the real impact of the amendment of the project.<br>El ensayo analiza los criterios previstos en el régimen de evaluación de impacto ambiental peruano para determinar la obligatoriedad de la modificación de los estudios de impacto ambiental como consecuencia de la modificación de los proyectos. Identifica los vacíos existentes en la legislación transectorial y las deficiencias de los regímenes sectoriales, los que han privilegiado criterios de determinación fundamentalmente cuantitativos asociados a la magnitud del proyecto, sobre criterios cualitativos asociados al real impacto de la modificación.
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Erikmats, John, and Johan Sjösten. "Sustainable Investment Strategies : A Quantitative Evaluation of Sustainable Investment Strategies For Index Funds." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160941.

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Modern society is faced with the complex and intractable challenge of global warming, along with other environmental issues that could potentially alter our way of life if not managed properly. Is it possible that financial markets and equity investors could have a huge part to play in the transformation towards a greener and more sustainable world? Previous studies about investment strategies regarding sustainability have for the most part been centered around possibly less objective ESG-scores or around carbon and GHG-emissions only, with little or no consideration for water usage and waste management. This thesis aims to amend to the previous work on carbon reducing strategies and ESG-investing with the addition of water usage and waste management, especically using raw data of these measures instead of ESG-ratings. Index replicating portfolios have become more and more popular as it proves harder and harder to beat the index, offering good returns along with cheap and uncomplicated portfolio construction and management. In a trending market, the fear of missing out and the demand for market return can make an index replicating strategy a way for investors to have market exposure but still remain diversied and without confusion about which horses to bet on. This thesis studies the relationship between tracking-error and the increase of sustainability in a portfolio through reduction of the intensity of carbon emissions, water usages and poor waste management. To be able to make a fair comparison, these measures are normalized by dividing each measure by the reported annual revenue. These three obtained intensities are then implemented individually, as well as all together into index replicating portfolios in order to study the effect from decreasing them. First and foremost we study the effect on the tracking-error, but also the effects on returns and volatility. We also study the effect on liquidity and turnover in the portfolios to show that it is possible to implement extensive sustainability increasing methods into an index replication equity portfolio. We follow the UCITS-directory to avoid overweightin specic companies and only allow the portfolios to overweight a sector with maximum 2%, in order to avoid an unwanted exposure to sectors with naturally lower intensities. The portfolios are obtained by using a multi-factor risk model to predict the expected statistical behaviour in relation to the chosen factors. Followed by applying Markowitz Modern Portfolio Theory through a convex optimization problem with the objective function to minimize tracking-error. All displayed portfolios had stable and convex optimization and were compliant with the UCITS-directory. We limited our study to only North American stocks and chose the index "MCSI NA" to replicate. Only stocks that were a part of the index were allowed to invest in and we did not allow negative weights for any stocks. The portfolios were constructed and backtested for the period 2014-12-01 until 2019-03-01 with rebalancing quarterly at the same points in time that the index is rebalanced by MCSI. We found that it was possible to implement extensive sustainability considerations into the portfolios and still keep a high correlation with the index whilst keeping low tracking-errors. We believe that most index replicating investors should be able to implement reductions of above mentioned intensities of about 40-60% without compromising tracking-errors,returns and volatility too much. We found evidence that during this time and in this market our low-intensities portfolios would have overperformed the index. We also found that returns increased and volatility decreased as we increased the reduction of each individual measure and all three collectively. Reducing carbon intensity seemed to drive positive returns and lower volatility the most, but we also observed apositive effect from reduction of all intensities. Our belief before conducting this study was that sustainability should have a negative effect on returns due to the limitation of the feasible area of investing. This motivated us to build portfolios with intent to makeup for these lesser returns and hopefully "beat the index". This failed in almost all cases and the only way we were able to beat the index were through implementing sustainability in our portfolios.
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Books on the topic "Quantitative index of dissimilarity"

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Quantitative bases for developing a unified index of harm: A report. published for the Commission by Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Thomas, Lewis J. Ultrasonic backscattering: A quantitative index of the elastic properties of inherently inhomogeneous media. Washington University, 1985.

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International Commission on Radiological Protection. Quantitative bases for developing a unified index of harm: A report prepared for the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Richards, David E. Servant and slave records of St. Clair County and colonial French Illinois, 1720-1863: An index and quantitative study. Illinois State Archives, 1991.

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Höhn, Bendik. Die ökonomische Relevanz des Other Comprehensive Income: Eine quantitative und qualitative Untersuchung der Bedeutung des Other Comprehensive Income anhand von Unternehmen des Swiss Performance Index. Schulthess, 2011.

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ICRP. ICRP Publication 45: Quantitative Bases for Developing a Unified Index of Harm. Elsevier, 1986.

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Saavedra, David Correia. Measurements of Grammaticalization: Developing a Quantitative Index for the Study of Grammatical Change. De Gruyter, Inc., 2021.

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Saavedra, David Correia. Measurements of Grammaticalization: Developing a Quantitative Index for the Study of Grammatical Change. De Gruyter, Inc., 2021.

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Association of Research Libraries. Meeting, ed. Some alternative quantitative library activity descriptions/statistics that supplement the ARL logarithmic index. 3rd ed. 2006.

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Saavedra, David Correia. Measurements of Grammaticalization: Developing a Quantitative Index for the Study of Grammatical Change. De Gruyter, Inc., 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Quantitative index of dissimilarity"

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Wedel, Michel, and Wagner A. Kamakura. "Segmentation Based on Product Dissimilarity Judgements." In International Series in Quantitative Marketing. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4651-1_14.

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Oakshott, Les. "Index Numbers." In Quantitative Methods. Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-34086-3_4.

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Chouakria, Ahlame Douzal, Alpha Diallo, and Françoise Giroud. "Adaptive Dissimilarity Index for Gene Expression Profiles Classification." In Selected Contributions in Data Analysis and Classification. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73560-1_45.

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Xu, Shizhong. "Selection Index and the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction." In Quantitative Genetics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83940-6_16.

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Oakshott, Les. "Keeping up with change: index numbers." In Essential Quantitative Methods. Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01432-0_2.

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Oakshott, Les. "Keeping up with change: index numbers." In Essential Quantitative Methods. Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-51856-9_2.

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Oakshott, Les. "Keeping up with Change: Index Numbers." In Essential Quantitative Methods. Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36581-0_2.

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Kou, Gang, Daji Ergu, Yi Peng, and Yong Shi. "A New Consistency Test Index for the Data in the AHP/ANP." In Quantitative Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29213-2_2.

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"Index." In Quantitative Anthropology. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812775-9.18001-6.

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"Index." In Quantitative Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118023525.index.

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Conference papers on the topic "Quantitative index of dissimilarity"

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Frédéric, Morain-Nicolier,. "Gray Level Local Dissimilarity Map and Global Dissimilarity Index for Quality of Medical Images." In Modeling and Control in Biomedical Systems, edited by Rees, Stephen, chair Andreassen, Steen and Andreassen, Steen. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090812-3-dk-2006.00049.

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Niknazar, M., S. R. Mousavi, B. Vosoughi Vahdat, M. B. Shamsollahi, and M. Sayyah. "A new dissimilarity index of EEG signals for epileptic seizure detection." In 2010 4th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2010.5463372.

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Toy, Muhammed Fatih, Burcu Kurt Vatandaslar, and Bilal Ersen Kerman. "Refractive index tomography of myelinating glial cells." In Quantitative Phase Imaging V, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2512706.

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"Author Index." In 2008 Fifth International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2008.56.

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"Author Index." In 2011 Eighth International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2011.42.

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"Author index." In 2012 Ninth International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2012.41.

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"Author Index." In Second International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2005.6.

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"Author Index." In Third International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems - (QEST'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2006.6.

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"Author Index." In Fourth International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2007.49.

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"Author Index." In 2009 Sixth International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2009.34.

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Reports on the topic "Quantitative index of dissimilarity"

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Weil, Max H. Quantitative Mechanistic Modeling of Sublingual PCO2 as an Index of Severity and Resuscitation Success. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417675.

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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, and Thamir Al Shehri. The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks---2022-dp18.

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The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’ progress in and potential for reaching CCEs. It is a composite indicator comprising 43 individual, quantitative variables or indicators. The datasets underlying each indicator are harmonized across countries and derived from robust and reputable sources.
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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, and Thamir Alshehri. The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-dp18.

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The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’ progress in and potential for reaching CCEs. It is a composite indicator comprising 43 individual, quantitative variables or indicators. The datasets underlying each indicator are harmonized across countries and derived from robust and reputable sources.
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Wei, Qiong, Yu Zhu, Weifeng Zhen, et al. Performance of resistive index and semi-quantitative power doppler ultrasound score in predicting acute kidney injury: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0101.

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Soloviev, Vladimir, Andrii Bielinskyi, and Viktoria Solovieva. Entropy Analysis of Crisis Phenomena for DJIA Index. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3179.

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The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index for the 125-year-old (since 1896) history has experienced many crises of different nature and, reflecting the dynamics of the world stock market, is an ideal model object for the study of quantitative indicators and precursors of crisis phenomena. In this paper, the classification and periodization of crisis events for the DJIA index have been carried out; crashes and critical events have been highlighted. Based on the modern paradigm of the theory of complexity, a spectrum of entropy indicators and precursors of crisis phenomena have been proposed. The entropy of a complex system is not only a measure of uncertainty (like Shannon's entropy) but also a measure of complexity (like the permutation and Tsallis entropy). The complexity of the system in a crisis changes significantly. This fact can be used as an indicator, and in the case of a proactive change as a precursor of a crisis. Complex systems also have the property of scale invariance, which can be taken into account by calculating the Multiscale entropy. The calculations were carried out within the framework of the sliding window algorithm with the subsequent comparison of the entropy measures of complexity with the dynamics of the DJIA index itself. It is shown that Shannon's entropy is an indicator, and the permutation and Tsallis entropy are the precursors of crisis phenomena to the same extent for both crashes and critical events.
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Carrillo, Carra, S. McKay, Safra Altman, and Todd Swannack. Ecological model development : Toolkit for interActive Modeling (TAM). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45101.

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Ecological models provide crucial tools for informing many aspects of ecosystem restoration and management, ranging from increasing understanding of complex ecological functions to prioritizing restoration sites and quantifying benefits for project reporting. The diversity of ecosystem types and restoration objectives often precludes the use of existing models; as such, model development is commonly required to inform restoration decision-making. Index-based habitat models are a common approach for assessing ecosystem condition. These models relate habitat quality to species’ distributions. Habitat suitability (quality) typically ranges on a scale from 0 to 1. Habitat models have been developed to assess habitat suitability for specific taxa, communities, or ecosystem functions. Restoration-project timelines often require that these models be developed rapidly and in conjunction with many external stakeholders or partners. Here, the Toolkit for interActive Modeling (TAM) is proposed as a platform for rapidly developing index-based models, particularly for US Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) ecosystem-restoration or mitigation planning processes. The TAM is a consistent quantitative framework that allows for development of a generic platform for index-based model development.
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Hossain, Niamat Ullah Ibne, Farjana Nur, Raed Jaradat, et al. Metrics for assessing overall performance of inland waterway ports : a Bayesian Network based approach. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40545.

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Because ports are considered to be the heart of the maritime transportation system, thereby assessing port performance is necessary for a nation’s development and economic success. This study proposes a novel metric, namely, “port performance index (PPI)”, to determine the overall performance and utilization of inland waterway ports based on six criteria, port facility, port availability, port economics, port service, port connectivity, and port environment. Unlike existing literature, which mainly ranks ports based on quantitative factors, this study utilizes a Bayesian Network (BN) model that focuses on both quantitative and qualitative factors to rank a port. The assessment of inland waterway port performance is further analyzed based on different advanced techniques such as sensitivity analysis and belief propagation. Insights drawn from the study show that all the six criteria are necessary to predict PPI. The study also showed that port service has the highest impact while port economics has the lowest impact among the six criteria on PPI for inland waterway ports.
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Kruse, C., Dong Hun Kang, Kenneth Mitchell, Patricia DiJoseph, and Marin Kress. Freight fluidity for the Port of Baltimore : vessel approach and maritime mobility metrics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43000.

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The United States Army Corps of Engineers is tasked with maintaining waterborne transportation system elements. Understanding channel utilization by vessels informs decisions regarding operations, maintenance, and investments in those elements. Historically, investment decisions have been informed by safety, environmental considerations, and projected economic benefits of alleviating channel restrictions or shipping delays (usually derived from models). However, quantifying causes and impacts of shipping delays based on actual historical vessel location data and then identifying which causes could be ameliorated through investment has been out of reach until recently. In this study, Automatic Identification System vessel position reports were used to develop quantitative measures of transit and dwell-time reliabilities for commercial vessels calling at the Port of Baltimore, Maryland. This port has two deep-water approaches: Chesapeake Bay and the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Descriptive metrics were determined for each approach, including port cycle time, harbor stay hours, travel time inbound, and travel time outbound. Then, additional performance measures were calculated: baseline travel time, travel time index, and planning time index. The key finding of this study is that the majority of variability in port cycle time is due to the variability in harbor stay hours, not from channel conditions or channel restrictions.
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Bielinskyi, Andriy, Serhiy Semerikov, Oleksandr Serdiuk, Victoria Solovieva, Vladimir Soloviev, and Lukáš Pichl. Econophysics of sustainability indices. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4118.

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In this paper, the possibility of using some econophysical methods for quantitative assessment of complexity measures: entropy (Shannon, Approximate and Permutation entropies), fractal (Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis – MF-DFA), and quantum (Heisenberg uncertainty principle) is investigated. Comparing the capability of both entropies, it is obtained that both measures are presented to be computationally efficient, robust, and useful. Each of them detects patterns that are general for crisis states. The similar results are for other measures. MF-DFA approach gives evidence that Dow Jones Sustainability Index is multifractal, and the degree of it changes significantly at different periods. Moreover, we demonstrate that the quantum apparatus of econophysics has reliable models for the identification of instability periods. We conclude that these measures make it possible to establish that the socially responsive exhibits characteristic patterns of complexity, and the proposed measures of complexity allow us to build indicators-precursors of critical and crisis phenomena.
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Wraight, Sarah, Julia Hofmann, Justine Allpress, and Brooks Depro. Environmental justice concerns and the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline route in North Carolina. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0037.1803.

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This report describes publicly available data sets and quantitative analysis that local communities can use to evaluate environmental justice concerns associated with pipeline projects. We applied these data and analytical methods to two counties in North Carolina (Northampton and Robeson counties) that would be affected by the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline (ACP). We compared demographic and vulnerability characteristics of census blocks, census block groups, and census tracts that lie within 1 mile of the proposed pipeline route with corresponding census geographies that lie outside of the 1-mile zone. Finally, we present results of a county-level analysis of race and ethnicity data for the entire North Carolina segment of the proposed ACP route. Statistical analyses of race and ethnicity data (US Census Bureau) and Social Vulnerability Index scores (University of South Carolina’s Hazards &amp; Vulnerability Research Institute) yielded evidence of significant differences between the areas crossed by the pipeline and reference geographies. No significant differences were found in our analyses of household income and cancer risk data.
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