Academic literature on the topic 'Quantitative research design'

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Journal articles on the topic "Quantitative research design"

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Bloomfield, Jacqueline, and Murray Fisher. "Quantitative research design." Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses' Association 22, no. 2 (September 7, 2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33235/jarna.22.2.27-30.

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Wilson, R. Dale, and John W. Creswell. "Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 2 (May 1996): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3152153.

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Magnan, Sally Sieloff, and John W. Creswell. "Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches." Modern Language Journal 81, no. 2 (1997): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328794.

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Kanis, H., and W. S. Green. "Research for Usage Oriented Design: Quantitative? Qualitative?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 38 (July 2000): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403867.

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Theory of user-product interaction is summarised and implemented in a graphical representation. This graphical representation stresses the central role of user activities (perception, cognition/experience and use actions including any effort) in dealing with featural and functional product characteristics. The interaction is primarily seen as situated, and constrained by, rather than being predictable from, human characteristics and capacities; no role is given in the graphical representation to mental representations. For observational research to be supportive of usage oriented design, there are two requirements: a focus on user activities, and a direct link from these activities to featural and functional product characteristics. It is argued that qualitative studies constitute the obvious type of research to meet these criteria. Quantitative research may also be possible as is illustrated with an empirical example. It is experimentation, in the sense of hypothesis testing, involving control and standardisation in order to establish some causality, which tends to fall short in linking natural user activities to product characteristics.
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Stead, Graham B. "Review: Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches." South African Journal of Psychology 27, no. 2 (June 1997): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639702700211.

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Caldas, Miguel Pinto. "Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches." Revista de Administração Contemporânea 7, no. 1 (March 2003): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-65552003000100015.

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Caporaso, James A. "Research Design, Falsification, and the Qualitative–Quantitative Divide." American Political Science Review 89, no. 2 (June 1995): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082441.

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Wilson, R. Dale. "Book Review: Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 2 (May 1996): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379603300213.

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Perreault, Kadija. "Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches." Manual Therapy 16, no. 1 (February 2011): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.09.003.

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Corner, Patricia Doyle. "An Integrative Model for Teaching Quantitative Research Design." Journal of Management Education 26, no. 6 (December 2002): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562902238324.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quantitative research design"

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Wise, Ruth E. "Design Research and Research Design: Application of Quantitative Methodology to the Design Process." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1219093105.

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Thesis (Master of Design)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisor: Peter Embi MD (Committee Chair), Mike Zender MFA (Committee Member), Mark Eckman MD (Committee Member) Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jan. 17, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: design research; quantitative methodology; graphic design; visual communication; risk communication . Includes bibliographical references.
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Hinkson, Daniel S. "Supporting Marine Corps Enhanced Company Operations a quantitative analysis /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FHinkson.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lucas, Thomas W. ; Second Reader: Evans, James A. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Enhanced Company Operations, ECO, Distributed Operations, DO, Enhanced MAGTF Operations, EMO, MANA, Seabasing, Marine, Logistics, Agent-Based Model, Data Farming, Simulation, Design of Experiments. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86). Also available in print.
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Cookman, Craig Alan. "Attachment structures of older adults: Theory development using a mixed qualitative-quantitative research design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185906.

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This study used a mixed qualitative-quantitative design to describe attachment in a sample of one-hundred fifty-four healthy community-living older adults. Life-span development and attachment theory combined to define the philosophical and theoretical orientation that guided the investigation. The idea of an "attachment structure" was conceptualized by the investigator to frame attachment--an approach that allowed attachment to involve multiple attachment objects from any or all of six different attachment object types (things, ideas, people, groups of people, animals, or places). The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the attachment structure as it presented in, and developed in later life. In phase one of the study, 154 older adults were administered a questionnaire designed to elicit descriptive information about the newly conceptualized "attachment structure". This information was used to guide theoretical sampling in the qualitative, second phase. In phase two, a grounded theory methodology was used to explore the developmental changes that occurred in attachment structures in later life. Sixteen subjects from phase one were selected, based on their responses to the quantitative phase, as those subjects most likely to advance the theory developing focus of this study. Analysis supported the attachment structure as a meaningful representation of socio-emotional development in later life. The existence of multiple attachment objects of multiple object types was supported by both quantitative and qualitative data. Significantly, in addition to close family and friends, subjects reported attachments to ideas like independence and freedom. A grounded process called "reconfiguring" was identified from qualitative analysis that described how older people make changes in their attachment structures to maintain a sense of security in the face of diminishing contact with attachment objects. Two pathways, the structural stimulation pathway and the reconfiguring pathway, describe the dynamics of the attachment structure. The reconfiguring pathway was identified as a developmental resource of aging--a process available to older people to address developmental challenges in aging that affect one's quality and quantity of interaction with attachment objects.
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Lam, Alex C. "Design and analysis of genetical genomics studies and their potential applications in livestock research." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3950.

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Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping has been widely used to identify genetic loci attributable to the variation observed in complex traits. In recent years, gene expression phenotypes have emerged as a new type of quantitative trait for which QTL can be mapped. Locating sequence variation that has an effect on gene expression (eQTL) is thought to be a promising way to elucidate the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. This thesis explores a number of methodological aspects of eQTL mapping (also known as “genetical genomics”) and considers some practical strategies for applying this approach to livestock populations. One of the exciting prospects of genetical genomics is that the combination of expression studies with fine mapping of functional trait loci can guide the reconstruction of gene networks. The thesis begins with an analysis in which correlations between gene expression and meat quality traits in pigs are investigated in relation to a pork meat quality QTL previously identified. The influence on power due to factors including sample size and records of matched subjects is discussed. An efficient experimental design for two-colour microarrays is then put forward, and it is shown to be an effective use of microarrays for mapping additive eQTL in outbred crosses under simulation. However, designs optimised for detecting both additive and dominance eQTL are found to be less effective. Data collected from livestock populations usually have a pedigreed structure. Many family-based association mapping methods are rather computationally intensive, hence are time-consuming when analysing very large numbers of traits. The application of a novel family-based association method is demonstrated; it is shown to be fast, accurate and flexible for genetical genomics. Furthermore, the results show that multiple testing correction alone is not sufficient to control type I errors in genetical genomics and that careful data filtering is essential. While it is important to limit false positives, it is desirable not to miss many true signals. A multi-trait analysis based on grouping of functionally related genes is devised to detect some of the signals overlooked by a univariate analysis. Using an inbred rat dataset, 13 loci are identified with significant linkage to gene sets of various functions defined by Gene Ontology. Applying this method to livestock species is possible, but the current level of annotations is a limiting factor. Finally, the thesis concludes with some current opinions on the development of genetical genomics and its impact on livestock genetics research.
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Goddard, Katrina Blouke. "Study design issues in the analysis of complex genetic traits /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9565.

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Vance, David. "Self-Efficacy and Ministerial Field Education: An Instructional Design Perspective." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29097.

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This study examined the relationship between mentored ministerial field educationâ s four components and student efficacy beliefs in 11 professional skills for students at several evangelical seminaries in the U.S. It also investigated whether students believed they had become competent practitioners of these skills or had received sufficient mentored field education in order for them to do so. A new self-efficacy survey was developed, and N=102 students from seven seminaries participated. Practice accounted for 7.9% of the variance in self-efficacy. Observation, instruction, and feedback were more weakly correlated with self-efficacy and not significant in the regression. On a scale from 0 (â I cannot do at allâ ) to 10 (â Highly certain I can doâ ), participantsâ self-efficacy in the skills ranged from 6.89 in counseling to 8.98 in â using and interpreting Scripture;â and there were indications that many participants had received a somewhat uneven field education. Only 23% of participants reported receiving sufficient practice and 19% sufficient feedback for them to become competent professionals. Future directions for research are suggested; and implications for both schools and churches are discussed from the perspective of instructional design, including incorporating studentsâ self-assessments into learner analysis and field education program evaluation.
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Gwizdka, Jacek. "Categorization Is Difficult: Use of an Electronic Notebook For Organizing Design Meeting Notes." Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105310.

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The electronic engineering notebook is a pen-based computer tool designed to capture engineering notes and to assist in structuring them to facilitate subsequent information access. Experiments were conducted in which free-form and fixed-form note-taking interfaces were compared with respect to capturing and structuring notes from a design meeting. Suitability of domain-based and user-defined terminologies for semantic structuring was also tested. Results from the experiment confirmed that a free-form interface was easier to use for note-taking and structuring notes than were forms with fixed structure. However, difficulties with applying semantic categorizations were observed in both types of interface. The results indicated that terminology should be chosen appropriately to a task, and that experienced users have less problems with applying it. The experiment also demonstrated high diversity in note-taking styles, thus highlighting the need to accommodate individual preferences in electronic notebooks.
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Ley-Chavez, Adriana. "Quantitative Models to Design and Evaluate Risk-Specific Screening Strategies for Cervical Cancer Prevention." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324545286.

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Montemayor, Ludivina. "Exploring the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy in young children| A quantitative single case research design." Thesis, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620622.

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Play therapy is a growing form of counseling that allows children to express themselves in the most natural way possible. Virginia Axline (1969) applied Roger's person centered theory and core conditions (empathic, genuineness and honesty, unconditional positive regard) to working with children in a therapeutic setting calling it Child Centered Play Therapy. Landreth (2002) further explored and developed child-centered play therapy concepts and techniques and emphasized the art of the relationship between the child and the counselor. Extant research on the effects of CCPT with children with different diagnoses, age groups, and settings is well-documented. However, there is a dearth of information concerning using CCPT in a school setting with children of ages 3-6 who were identified by the teachers as experiencing behavioral difficulties. Thus, the purpose of the study was to see if CCPT would help change behaviors with students that were identified as having behavior difficulties in the classroom. Three teachers observed and identified 12 students in grades pre-kinder 3, 4, and Kindergarten with behavioral difficulties in the classroom. Each of the 12 students was selected to receive an intervention using CCPT. For each of the 12 students, one parent/guardian completed the Child Behavior Check List forms each week, and the respective classroom teacher completed the Caregiver-Teacher Report form each week for the 12-week duration of the study. A single case research design was used, which included three weeks of baseline observation, followed by six weeks of CCPT with treatment twice per week, and three weeks of post baseline observation. Findings revealed that play therapy was a highly effective treatment for reducing negative behaviors in most students. Parents' ratings of behaviors indicated an 88.30% improvement in behaviors, and 50% of teachers' ratings indicated improved behavior change after receiving CCPT. In summary, 71% of all scores indicated change in behavior. Under further evaluation during the post baseline stage of the study, 90% of parents and 80% of teachers rated the student's behavior as improved. The results are indicative of CCPT being a very efficacious treatment intervention for students in grades pre-kinder 3, 4, and Kindergarten.

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Lim, Yonghun. "Psychosocial inclusivity in design : a definition and dimensions." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16683.

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Significant changes in demographics, including a growing ageing population and a larger number of people with disabilities, have made inclusive design an increasingly relevant notion in the design of products, services, and environments. However, there is considerable concern that the concept of inclusive design is rather limited in its current definition and applications and has not yet been thoroughly applied. This is possibly due to the conventional understanding and application of inclusive design, mainly rooted in and focused on physical aspects of inclusion, such as accessibility, usefulness, and usability. This limited focus has led various voices in design academia and industry to speak of the need for further consideration of the psychological and social aspects of inclusive design as the next step to facilitate inclusive design, and make impact. In this research, inclusivity on psychological and social levels, is referred to as "psychosocial inclusivity". The concept of psychosocial inclusivity, including a clear definition thereof and its application, is rather limited in the existing literature. Therefore, this PhD research aims to further explore this concept by establishing a clear definition and the dimensions thereof. In order to achieve this, an initial definition and dimensions of the psychosocial inclusivity in design are established through a critical review of existing literature from both social science and design perspectives. The initial definition and dimensions are then developed, refined, and evaluated through four empirical studies: the Delphi study (expert survey); field study I (ethnographic interviews with mobility scheme users); field study II (ethnographic interviews, creative workshop, and observation of older individuals); and an evaluation study (online survey of design academics and professionals). These studies have been designed based on a triangulation approach in order to enhance the reliability and validity of the outcomes. At the end of this research, the definition and dimensions for psychosocial inclusivity in design (Cognitive, Emotional, Social, and Value dimensions) are proposed. The outcomes of this research can enhance the understanding and knowledge of the concept of psychosocial inclusivity in design. Also, the definition and dimensions can be used by design academics and professionals or third parties to consider psychosocial aspects. The dimensions also can be developed as a complete set of framework or toolkit through further research.
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Books on the topic "Quantitative research design"

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Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1994.

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Doing quantitative psychological research: From design to report. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press, 1997.

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Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2003.

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Kimberly, Asner-Self, ed. Educational research: Interrelationship of questions, sampling, design, and analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010.

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Morse, Janice M. Mixed method design: Principles and procedures. Walnut Creek, Calif: Left Coast Press, 2009.

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Morse, Janice M. Mixed method design: Principles and procedures. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2009.

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Dawkins, Marian Stamp. Observing animal behaviour: Design and analysis of quantitative data. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Reaves, Celia Carter. Quantitative research for the behavioral sciences. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Designing Quantitative Experiments: Prediction Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Ethnostatistics: Qualitative foundations for quantitative research. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Quantitative research design"

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Dannels, Sharon Anderson. "Research Design." In The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences, 402–16. Second Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Revised edition of The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences, 2010.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315755649-30.

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Patten, Mildred L., and Michelle Newhart. "Decisions in Quantitative Research Design." In Understanding Research Methods, 71–73. Tenth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315213033-23.

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Griga, Wilhelm. "Quantitative Research Design and Methodology." In Managing Inpatriation, 73–91. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18829-0_5.

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Qian, Jiahe, and Alina A. von Davier. "Optimal Sampling Design for IRT Linking with Bimodal Data." In Quantitative Psychology Research, 165–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07503-7_10.

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Branaghan, Russell J., Joseph S. O’Brian, Emily A. Hildebrand, and L. Bryant Foster. "Quantitative Human Factors Research." In Humanizing Healthcare – Human Factors for Medical Device Design, 49–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64433-8_3.

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Töller, Annette Elisabeth. "Causality in Quantitative Approaches." In Research Design in European Studies, 44–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137005090_3.

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Woodrow, Lindy. "Writing about Research Design." In Writing about Quantitative Research in Applied Linguistics, 11–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230369955_2.

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Liu, Ren, and Anne Corinne Huggins-Manley. "The Specification of Attribute Structures and Its Effects on Classification Accuracy in Diagnostic Test Design." In Quantitative Psychology Research, 243–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38759-8_18.

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Mittelhaëuser, Marie-Anne, Anton A. Béguin, and Klaas Sijtsma. "Selecting a Data Collection Design for Linking in Educational Measurement: Taking Differential Motivation into Account." In Quantitative Psychology Research, 181–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07503-7_11.

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Lohmeyer, Quentin, and Mirko Meboldt. "The Integration of Quantitative Biometric Measures and Experimental Design Research." In Experimental Design Research, 97–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33781-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Quantitative research design"

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Goodman-Deane, Joy, Sam Waller, Dana Demin, Arantxa González-de-Heredia, Mike Bradley, and John P. Clarkson. "Evaluating Inclusivity using Quantitative Personas." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.400.

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Jiles, D. C. "Vertically integrated engineering design for combined research and curriculum development in materials engineering and nondestructive evaluation." In QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1473043.

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HaoFeng Huang and YouJian Wang. "The application and research of product image quantitative analysis in mobile design." In 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design & Conceptual Design 1. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2010.5681295.

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Gold, S. M., B. Bernhardt, and R. B. Brown. "A quantitative approach to nonlinear process design rule scaling [VLSI]." In Proceedings 20th Anniversary Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arvlsi.1999.756041.

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Chen, Tony J., and Anna C. Thornton. "Quantitative Selection of Inspection Plans." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dtm-8759.

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Abstract Quality improvement methods such as robust design, statistical process control (SPC), and inspection have received significant attention over the past decade. Despite the plethora of research, there is very little work that describes how to allocate quality control methods in a complex system. This paper focuses on how to choose an inspection plan to remove the most variation at the lowest cost. This paper describes how to quantitatively allocate inspection locations in a complex assembly using a combination of modeling, simulation, and simulated annealing. It demonstrates the functionality of the theory using an example from the aircraft industry. The model provides three improvements over current methods: 1) methods to optimize both inspection limits and inspection locations, 2) the ability to mix both rework and scrap, 3) explicit calculation of the probability distributions for each point in the assembly.
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Wang, Jingkun, Xing Ai, Jinsheng Zhang, and Kil To Chong. "Quantitative research for virtual mobile robot design cycle based on PERT." In ICMIT 2009: Mechatronics and Information Technology, edited by Jeha Ryu, Kil To Chong, Ryojun Ikeura, and Qingkai Han. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.858572.

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Cao, Liang, Zheng-Jiang Liu, and Shu-Kai Zhang. "Research of Quantitative Marine Individual Risk Model Based on Probability Theory." In 2014 Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2014.263.

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Abidin, Mohammad Zukuwwan Zainol, Mohd Kamal Mohd Nawawi, and Maznah Mat Kasim. "Research design of decision support system for team sport." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUANTITATIVE SCIENCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS (ICOQSIA 2016). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966068.

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Chapman, Christopher N., Edwin Love, and James L. Alford. "Quantitative Early-Phase User Research Methods: Hard Data for Initial Product Design." In 2008 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2008.367.

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Cabitza, Federico, and Angela Locoro. "Mapping the Knowledge Artifact Terrain - A Quantitative Resource for Qualitative Research." In 1st International Workshop on the design, development and use of Knowledge IT Artifacts in professional communities and aggregations. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005662704440451.

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Reports on the topic "Quantitative research design"

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Dempsey, Terri L. Handling the Qualitative Side of Mixed Methods Research: A Multisite, Team-Based High School Education Evaluation Study. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0039.1809.

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Attention to mixed methods studies research has increased in recent years, particularly among funding agencies that increasingly require a mixed methods approach for program evaluation. At the same time, researchers operating within large-scale, rapid-turnaround research projects are faced with the reality that collection and analysis of large amounts of qualitative data typically require an intense amount of project resources and time. However, practical examples of efficiently collecting and handling high-quality qualitative data within these studies are limited. More examples are also needed of procedures for integrating the qualitative and quantitative strands of a study from design to interpretation in ways that can facilitate efficiencies. This paper provides a detailed description of the strategies used to collect and analyze qualitative data in what the research team believed to be an efficient, high-quality way within a team-based mixed methods evaluation study of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) high-school education. The research team employed an iterative approach to qualitative data analysis that combined matrix analyses with Microsoft Excel and the qualitative data analysis software program ATLAS.ti. This approach yielded a number of practical benefits. Selected preliminary results illustrate how this approach can simplify analysis and facilitate data integration.
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Terzic, Vesna, and William Pasco. Novel Method for Probabilistic Evaluation of the Post-Earthquake Functionality of a Bridge. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1916.

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While modern overpass bridges are safe against collapse, their functionality will likely be compromised in case of design-level or beyond design-level earthquake, which may generate excessive residual displacements of the bridge deck. Presently, there is no validated, quantitative approach for estimating the operational level of the bridge after an earthquake due to the difficulty of accurately simulating residual displacements. This research develops a novel method for probabilistic evaluation of the post-earthquake functionality state of the bridge; the approach is founded on an explicit evaluation of bridge residual displacements and associated traffic capacity by considering realistic traffic load scenarios. This research proposes a high-fidelity finite-element model for bridge columns, developed and calibrated using existing experimental data from the shake table tests of a full-scale bridge column. This finite-element model of the bridge column is further expanded to enable evaluation of the axial load-carrying capacity of damaged columns, which is critical for an accurate evaluation of the traffic capacity of the bridge. Existing experimental data from the crushing tests on the columns with earthquake-induced damage support this phase of the finite-element model development. To properly evaluate the bridge's post-earthquake functionality state, realistic traffic loadings representative of different bridge conditions (e.g., immediate access, emergency traffic only, closed) are applied in the proposed model following an earthquake simulation. The traffic loadings in the finite-element model consider the distribution of the vehicles on the bridge causing the largest forces in the bridge columns.
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Hornby, Amanda, and Emilie Vrbancic. Library Impact Practice Brief: Library Outreach Assessment. Association of Research Libraries, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/brief.uwashington2021.

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As part of ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative, the University of Washington (UW) Odegaard Library’s Undergraduate Student Success Team designed an assessment framework for outreach to undergraduates. This practice brief describes the UW team’s outreach and assessment planning processes, the qualitative and quantitative assessment methods employed, the results of their assessment program, the lessons learned, and the best practices that emerged over several years and several iterations of conducting library outreach assessment. The brief presents both long-term reflections and most recent applications between 2016–2021.
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4

Piper, Benjamin, Yasmin Sitabkhan, Jessica Mejia, and Kellie Betts. Effectiveness of Teachers’ Guides in the Global South: Scripting, Learning Outcomes, and Classroom Utilization. RTI Press, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0053.1805.

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This report presents the results of RTI International Education’s study on teachers' guides across 13 countries and 19 projects. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we examine how teachers’ guides across the projects differ and find substantial variation in the design and structure of the documents. We develop a scripting index so that the scripting levels of the guides can be compared across projects. The impact results of the programs that use teachers’ guides show significant impacts on learning outcomes, associated with approximately an additional half year of learning, showing that structured teachers’ guides contribute to improved learning outcomes. During observations, we find that teachers make a variety of changes in their classroom instruction from how the guides are written, showing that the utilization of structured teachers’ guides do not create robotic teachers unable to use their own professional skills to teach children. Unfortunately, many changes that teachers make reduce the amount of group work and interactivity that was described in the guides, suggesting that programs should encourage teachers to more heavily utilize the instructional routines designed in the guide. The report includes a set of research-based guidelines that material developers can use to develop teachers’ guides that will support effective instructional practices and help improve learning outcomes. The key takeaway from the report is that structured teachers' guides improve learning outcomes, but that overly scripted teachers' guides are somewhat less effective than simplified teachers' guides that give specific guidance to the teacher but are not written word for word for each lesson in the guide.
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5

McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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