Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantity of interest'

Dans le contexte actuel de dérèglement climatique et d’épuisement des ressources, la réduction des consommations énergétiques finales du secteur résidentiel/tertiaire représente un enjeu majeur. En France, ce secteur compte pour environ 45% des consommations énergétiques finales. De plus, le parc immobilier est constitué majoritairement de bâtiments anciens et énergivores et son taux de renouvellement annuel est très faible (1% à 2%), raisons pour lesquelles les bâtiments existants représentent un important gisement d’économies d’énergie. Avant d’entreprendre des travaux de rénovation énergétique d’un bâtiment, il est nécessaire d’estimer sa consommation réelle. Ceci requiert une bonne connaissance de ses caractéristiques thermiques. Des méthodes inverses, couplant des modèles physiques et des mesures peuvent être utilisées à cet effet. La présente thèse introduit une méthode inverse d’identification de paramètres de modèles vis-à-vis d’une quantité d’intérêt. Contrairement aux méthodes inverses standards telles que la méthode de régularisation de Tikhonov qui visent à minimiser l’écart entre mesures et simulation en recalant l’ensemble des paramètres du modèle, l’approche proposée est formulée pour l’amélioration de la prédiction de quantités d’intérêt. Seuls les paramètres auxquels celles-ci sont sensibles sont mis à jour. Pour optimiser le temps de calcul, cette méthode inverse est utilisée en combinaison avec la méthode PGD (Proper Generalized Decomposition). La méthode inverse a été appliquée à des mesures réelles issues de l’instrumentation de deux bâtiments de l’équipement d’excellence « Sense-City ». Les résultats obtenus montrent que, comme attendu, la méthode proposée n’identifie que les paramètres auxquels les quantités d’intérêt sont le plus sensibles. La méthode d’identification de paramètres vis-à-vis d’une quantité d’intérêt converge plus rapidement comparée à la méthode de Tikhonov. Enfin, cette approche pourra être appliquée à des bâtiments réels en situation d’occupation et étendue à l’échelle du quartier. Elle peut également être exploitée pour du positionnement optimal de capteurs
This work introduces an original inverse strategy for model parameter identification that can be used for onsite building characterization in view of energy performance assessment and as a tool of decision-making during energy retrofitting of existing buildings. Unlike the standard global inverse approaches such as Tikhonov regularization method that aim at identifying all the model parameters in order to best fit the measurement data, the goal-oriented inverse method is formulated for a robust prediction of a quantity of interest. Thus, it only updates the model parameters that most affect the computation of the sought quantity of interest. In order to optimize the computation time, the goal-oriented inverse method is combined with the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) model order reduction method. The proposed identification strategy is applied to two existing buildings part of the equipment “Sense-City” that were instrumented for this purpose. The results show that the goal-oriented inverse method robustly predicts the sought quantities of interest by only updating the model parameters to which they are sensitive and it converges faster than the Tikhonov regularization method. Finally, the proposed inverse strategy can be applied to occupied buildings and extended to the district scale. It can also be used for the optimal placement of sensors

The government of Ghana borrows from both domestic and foreign sources to finance the budget deficit. By the year 2013, the domestic debt was 55% of the public debt. Government domestic borrowing is competitive and can potentially crowd out the private corporate sector. Therefore, the specific research problem addressed in this study was whether the Ghanaian government's domestic debt (DEBT) caused financial crowding out (FCO) in Ghana. FCO theory is not conclusive and not proven specifically for Ghana, so the purpose of this research was to investigate its presence in Ghana. The neoclassical theory of FCO underpinned the research. The 2 research questions investigated FCO along the quantity and cost channels. The research examined the relationship between DEBT as the independent variable, the quantity of private sector credit (PSCREDIT), and the net interest margin (NIM) of banks as dependent variables. Covariates were macroeconomic and banking industry variables. The research population was the banking sector of the financial services industry. The research was correlational, and it used time series data from the Bank of Ghana and the World Bank. Data analysis used the autoregressive distributed lag method. The analysis returned a negative relationship between DEBT and PSCREDIT, and a positve relationship between NIM and DEBT. These results indicated the presence of FCO along both the quantity and cost channels. The research provides policymakers a means of quantifying the extent and effects of fiscal policies. The study may contribute to positive social change by promoting the revision of fiscal policies to favor the private corporate sector to invest, create jobs, and grow the Ghanaian economy.

The finite element method is a valuable tool for simulating complex physical phenomena. However, any finite element based simulation has an intrinsic amount of error with respect to the exact solution of the selected physical model. Being aware of this error is of notorious importance if sensitive engineering decisions are taken on the basis of the numerical results. Assessing the error in elliptic problems (as structural statics) is a well known problem. However, assessing the error in structural transient dynamics is still ongoing research. The present thesis aims at contributing on error assessment techniques for structural transient dynamics. First, a new approach is introduced to compute bounds of the error measured in some quantity of interest. The proposed methodology yields error bounds with better quality than the already available approaches. Second, an efficient methodology to compute approximations of the error in the quantity of interest is introduced. The proposed technique uses modal analysis to compute the solution of the adjoint problem associated with the selected quantity of interest. The resulting error estimate is very well suited for time-dependent problems, because the cost of computing the estimate at each time step is very low. Third, a space-time adaptive strategy is proposed. The local error indicators driving the adaptive process are computed using the previously mentioned modal-based error estimate. The resulting adapted approximations are more accurate than the ones obtained with an straightforward uniform mesh refinement. That is, the adapted computations lead to lower errors in the quantity of interest than the non-adapted ones for the same number of space-time elements. Fourth, a new type of quantities of interest are introduced for error assessment in time-dependent problems. These quantities (referred as timeline-dependent quantities of interest) are scalar time-dependent outputs of the transient solution and are better suited to time-dependent problems than the standard scalar ones. The error in timeline-dependent quantities is eficiently assessed using the modal-based description of the adjoint solution. The thesis contributions are enclosed in five papers which are attached to the thesis document.
El mètode dels elements finits és una eina valuosa per a simular fenòmens físics complexos. Tot i això, aquest mètode només proporciona aproximacions de la solució exacta del model físic considerat. Per tant, quantificar l'error comés en l'aproximació és important si la simulació numèrica s'utilitza per a prendre decisions que poden tenir importants conseqüències. Actualment, les eines que permeten avaluar aquest error són ben conegudes per a problemes estacionaris, però encara presenten importants limitacions per a problemes transitoris com la dinàmica d'estructures. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és contribuir a millorar les tècniques existents per estimar l'error en dinàmica d'estructures i proposar-ne de noves. La primera contribució és una nova metodologia per a calcular cotes de l'error en una quantitat d'interès del problema. Les cotes proposades són més precises i proporcionen una millor estima de l'error que les cotes calculades amb tècniques prèvies. La segona contribució és una una nova tècnica que proporciona aproximacions de l'error en una quantitat d'interès utilitzant càlculs eficients. La novetat principal d'aquesta proposta és aproximar la solució del problema adjunt associat a la quantitat d'interès utilitzant l'anàlisi modal. El resultat és un estimador de l'error indicat particularment per a problemes transitoris, ja que el cost de calcular l'estimador a cada pas de temps és molt baix. La tercera contribució és una tècnica que permet construir de manera adaptada tant la discretizació temporal com espacial amb l'objectiu de millorar l'eficiència de la simulació. Aquesta tècnica es basa en la informació proporcionada per l'estima de l'error amb anàlisi modal. Les aproximacions calculades utilitzant les discretitzacions adaptades són més precises que les obtingudes amb un simple refinament uniforme de la malla de càlcul. És a dir, les discretitzacions adaptades proporcionen un error en la quantitat d'interès menor que les discretizacions no adaptades per al mateix nombre d'elements espai-temps. Finalment, la quarta contribució és un nou tipus de quantitats d'interès especialment indicades per a estimar l'error en problemes transitoris. Aquest nou tipus de quantitats són funcions escalars dependents del temps que proporcionen una informació més completa sobre l'error en problemes transitoris que les quantitats d'interès estàndard. L'error en aquestes noves quantitats és estimat eficientment utilitzant la descripció modal de la solució del problema adjunt. Les contribucions d'aquest treball es troben recopilades en cinc articles que s'inclouen adjunts en el document de la tesi.

En 1965, Allais proposa une reformulation tout à fait originale de la théorie quantitative de la monnaie. Il s’agit de la théorie Héréditaire et Relativiste (HR) de la demande de monnaie. Apparue une décennie après la reformulation friedmanienne et la publication du modèle de Cagan (1956) relatif aux hyperinflations, cette théorie n’a pas réussi à se frayer une voie dans le champ de l’analyse monétaire. Plusieurs raisons ont concouru au non succès de cette théorie dont notamment son cadre conceptuel tout à fait étrange par rapport aux approches alors dominantes. L’objet de notre thèse est d’interroger l’apport de la théorie HR en tant que reformulation de la théorie quantitative et ce par rapport à la question de la stabilité de la demande de monnaie.Cette thèse est composée de trois parties. La première partie développe certains préludes nécessaires à l'analyse de la théorie HR (partie I). Les deux dernières parties contiennent les deux principaux résultats de notre travail. Le premier est que la théorie HR constitue une reformulation « ontologique » de la théorie quantitative, qui passe par la considération du temps psychologique-le temps tel que ressenti par l’ensemble des agents économiques (Partie II). Le second résultat est que la théorie HR, en tant que théorie macroéconomique, est grosse d’un changement paradigmatique qui fait écho à celui introduit en physique par la théorie de la relativité : pour certains phénomènes monétaires, la théorie HR substitue à l’explication par des relations causales entre agrégats une explication par la seule déformation psychologique du temps (Partie III)
In 1965, Allais proposed an original restatement of the quantity theory of money. It is the Hereditary and Relativistic (HR) theory of the money demand. Published a decade after Friedman’s restatement and Cagan’s model of hyperinflations, the HR theory remained unknown. Many reasons contributed to the lack of success of this theory, one of which is related to its conceptual framework which is incongruous with the standard approach. The HR theory is based upon the notion of time relativity from a psychological point of view, and the idea that the behavior of economic agents is conditioned by a hereditary effect of past events.Our thesis aims to investigate the contribution of the HR theory as a restatement of the quantity theory with regard to the question of the stability of money demand.The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part contains necessary preludes to the analysis of the HR theory (Part I). The second and the third part contain the two main results of the thesis. The first one is that the HR theory represents an ontological restatement of the quantity theory based on the notion of “psychological time”- time as experienced by the collectivity as a whole (Part II). The second result is that the HR theory, as a macroeconomic theory, contains a paradigmatic shift which echoes the one introduced in physics by the theory of relativity: in the HR theory, an explanation of some monetary phenomena using the psychological distortion of time is substituted to the explanation through causal relations between aggregates (Part III)

Many analysts believe that problems in the U.S. housing market initiated the 2008–2010 global financial crisis. In this regard, the subprime mortgage crisis (SMC) shook the foundations of the financial industry by causing the failure of many iconic Wall Street investment banks and prominent depository institutions. This crisis stymied credit extension to households and businesses thus creating credit crunches and, ultimately, a global recession. This thesis specifically discusses the SMC and its components, causes, consequences and cures in relation to subprime mortgages, securitization, as well as data. In particular, the SMC has highlighted the fact that risk, credit ratings, profit and valuation as well as capital regulation are important banking considerations. With regard to risk, the thesis discusses credit (including counterparty), market (including interest rate, basis, prepayment, liquidity and price), tranching (including maturity mismatch and synthetic), operational (including house appraisal, valuation and compensation) and systemic (including maturity transformation) risks. The thesis introduces the IDIOM hypothesis that postulates that the SMC was largely caused by the intricacy and design of subprime agents, mortgage origination and securitization that led to information problems (loss, asymmetry and contagion), valuation opaqueness and ineffective risk mitigation. It also contains appropriate examples, discussions, timelines as well as appendices about the main results on the aforementioned topics. Numerous references point to the material not covered in the thesis, and indicate some avenues for further research. In the thesis, the primary subprime agents that we consider are house appraisers (HAs), mortgage brokers (MBs), mortgagors (MRs), servicers (SRs), SOR mortgage insurers (SOMIs), trustees, underwriters, credit rating agencies (CRAs), credit enhancement providers (CEPs) and monoline insurers (MLIs). Furthermore, the banks that we study are subprime interbank lenders (SILs), subprime originators (SORs), subprime dealer banks (SDBs) and their special purpose vehicles (SPVs) such as Wall Street investment banks and their special structures as well as subprime investing banks (SIBs). The main components of the SMC are MRs, the housing market, SDBs/hedge funds/money market funds/SIBs, the economy as well as the government (G) and central banks. Here, G either plays a regulatory or policymaking role. Most of the aforementioned agents and banks are assumed to be risk neutral with SOR being the exception since it can be risk (and regret) averse on occasion. The main aspects of the SMC - subprime mortgages, securitization, as well as data - that we cover in this thesis and the chapters in which they are found are outlined below. In Chapter 2, we discuss the dynamics of subprime SORs' risk and profit as well as their valuation under mortgage origination. In particular, we model subprime mortgages that are able to fully amortize, voluntarily prepay or default and construct a discrete–time model for SOR risk and profit incorporating costs of funds and mortgage insurance as well as mortgage losses. In addition, we show how high loan–to–value ratios due to declining housing prices curtailed the refinancing of subprime mortgages, while low ratios imply favorable house equity for subprime MRs. Chapter 3 investigates the securitization of subprime mortgages into structured mortgage products such as subprime residential mortgage–backed securities (RMBSs) and collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). In this regard, our discussions focus on information, risk and valuation as well as the role of capital under RMBSs and RMBS CDOs. Our research supports the view that incentives to monitor mortgages has been all but removed when changing from a traditional mortgage model to a subprime mortgage model. In the latter context, we provide formulas for IB's profit and valuation under RMBSs and RMBS CDOs. This is illustrated via several examples. Chapter 3 also explores the relationship between mortgage securitization and capital under Basel regulation and the SMC. This involves studying bank credit and capital under the Basel II paradigm where risk–weights vary. Further issues dealt with are the quantity and pricing of RMBSs, RMBS CDOs as well as capital under Basel regulation. Furthermore, we investigate subprime RMBSs and their rates with slack and holding constraints. Also, we examine the effect of SMC–induced credit rating shocks in future periods on subprime RMBSs and RMBS payout rates. A key problem is whether Basel capital regulation exacerbated the SMC. Very importantly, the thesis answers this question in the affirmative. Chapter 4 explores issues related to subprime data. In particular, we present mortgage and securitization level data and forge connections with the results presented in Chapters 2 and 3. The work presented in this thesis is based on 2 peer–reviewed chapters in books (see [99] and [104]), 2 peer–reviewed international journal articles (see [48] and [101]), and 2 peer–reviewed conference proceeding papers (see [102] and [103]).
Thesis (Ph.D. (Applied Mathematics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The three chapters in this dissertation look at different aspects of the labor market and its players. The first chapter estimates the impact of using the internet for job search on job match quality. Using both the semi-parametric Meyer (1990) model and the non-parametric Hausman Woutersen (2014) hazard model, the paper finds that exit rate from employment is at least 28% lower when internet is used as a job search tool. The second chapter looks at the effect of past unemployment on future wages. It is believed that employers may use past unemployment as a signal of low productivity. In this situation workers with a history of unemployment may receive lower wages. The paper uses the Machado Mata (2005) quantile decomposition technique to decompose the wage difference into differences due to characteristics and differences due to rewards. Results indicate that workers with an unemployment spell of more than three months receive at least 12% lower wages and that more than 40% of this wage difference can be attributed to the lower rewards received by the previously unemployed.. The last chapter focuses on human capital formation and looks at some of the reasons behind the low levels of schooling India. Using the Indian Household Development Survey (2005), the paper finds that income continues to be an important factor behind the low level of primary school enrollment. On average, poor students have at least 3% lower enrollment rates, when compared to similar skilled non-poor students.

La première partie de ce travail traite de la modélisation et de la simulation de l'hydrodynamique et du transfert de matière dans les réacteurs à lit fixe arrosés. Le milieu poreux a été considéré comme un continuum par prise de moyenne des équations de transport microscopiques. Différents modèles prenant en compte l'effet de paroi de notre système ont été proposés, résolus et confrontés à des résultats expérimentaux. Les résultats obtenus sont assez satisfaisants, et ont permis de choisir les modèles les plus appropriés. Des modèles plus complexes, établis grâce aux résultats expérimentaux, devraient permettre d'améliorer la qualité des simulations. Dans une seconde partie, l'étude locale de l'hydrodynamique a été menée, essentiellement à l'aide de microélectrodes insérées dans un pore, qui permettent la mesure par voie électrochimique des gradients de vitesse. En écoulement de liquide seul, les limites des régimes d'écoulement ont été déterminées. On a pu confirmer le comportement turbulent à fort débit et caractériser l'écoulement du fluide au sein d'un pore, notamment à l'aide des auto- et intercorrélations des mesures. Enfin, nous avons utilisé un modèle de renouvellement de surface couplé à la méthode VITA (Variable Interval Time Averaging) pour calculer le gradient de vitesse moyen. En écoulement gaz-liquide, la technique électrochimique est moins intéressante. Nous avons par contre pu caractériser les écoulements pulsés à l'aide de sondes de pression en paroi.

This doctoral thesis is a collection of four papers on the analysis of the term structure of interest rates with a focus at the intersection of macroeconomics and finance. "Risk in Macroeconomic Fundamentals and Bond Return Predictability" documents that factors related to risks underlying the macroeconomy such as expectations, uncertainty and downside (upside) macroeconomic risks are able to explain variation in bond risk premia. The information provided is found to be, to a large extent, unrelated to that contained in forward rates and current macroeconomic conditions. "Out-of-sample bond excess returns predictability" provides evidence that macroeconomic variables, risks in macroeconomic outcomes as well as the combination of these different sources of information are able to generate statistical as well as economic bond excess returns predictability in an out-of-sample setting. Results suggest that this finding is not driven by revisions in macroeconomic data. The term spread (yield curve slope) is largely used as an indicator of future economic activity. "Re-examining the predictive power of the yield curve with quantile regression" provides new evidence on the predictive ability of the term spread by studying the whole conditional distribution of GDP growth. "Modeling and forecasting the yield curve by extended Nelson-Siegel class of models: a quantile regression approach" deals with yield curve prediction. More flexible Nelson-Siegel models are found to provide better fitting to the data, even when penalizing for additional model complexity. For the forecasting exercise, quantile-based models are found to overcome all competitors.

Diss. Stockholm :  Stockholm School of Economics, 2014. Introduction together with 4 papers.

Dans l’industrie, les fabricants tendent à limiter la lubrification conventionnelle lors de l’usinage et s’orientent de plus en plus vers la microlubrification (MQL : Minimum Quantity Lubrication) pour des raisons économiques, écologiques et pour respecter la santé des opérateurs. Une très faible quantité de lubrifiant de faible pression nécessite une conception optimale des canaux internes de l’outil afin de limiter les pertes de charges et avoir les avantages de la microlubrification. Premièrement, une revue bibliographique introduit l’étude en présentant les avantages qu’induit le passage à la microlubrification. Par la suite, quelques conceptions d’outils avec une lubrification interne qui vise la face de coupe ou la face de dépouille de la plaquette sont passées en revue
In machining industry, manufacturers tend to limit conventional lubrication and are moving increasingly towards Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) for economic and ecological reasons, and with a view to safeguarding operator health and safety. A very small amount of lubricant at low pressure requires optimized design of the tools internal channels in order to minimize pressure drops and gain benefit from MQL. First, a literature review introduces the study by presenting the benefits induced by switching to MQL. Thereafter, some tool designs with internal lubrication for rake face or flank face lubrication are presented

碩士
銘傳大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
101
The Subprime Mortgage Crisis in America causing Easing Money Policy overall the world resulted in too much idle money in the market. Plus, the government encouraging low interest-rate loans and other promotions made the housing price increase, especially Taipei city. With unreachable housing price, residents lived with less disposable income and more suffering. Recently, the average income of the residents in Taipei city did not increase, but housing price went up rapidly, causing Housing Price and Income Ratio of Taipei City to go up. Therefore, this essay mainly based on Housing Price and Income Ratio to examine the correlations of the three economic variables, Gross Domestic Product(GDP)、Interest(I) and narrow Money Supply(M1A). The result of this essay that Housing Price and Income Ratio and narrow Money Supply(M1A) are causally related is examined with Johansen’s Cointergration Test、Vector Error Correction Model(VECM), and Granger Causality Test. The result shows and supports that the Easing Money Policy bringing much idle money in the market and easier loans from banks causes housing price to increase and Housing Price and Income Ratio to go up.

碩士
銘傳大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
102
All these years, almost every significant economic event occurring at home or abroad, making a turn for better or worse, was connected to the real estate market. The 2007 US Subprime Mortgage Crisis led to the great recession of global economy and put the economy of Taiwan in crosshairs. In order to stimulate the economy, Taiwan government adopted quantitative easing monetary policy. Although this approach slightly alleviated the situation, it caused too much hot money on the market. Plus the various preferential policies of loans with low interest rate issued by government and the skyrocketing consumer price index, housing price kept going up, eventually resulting in the decrease of residents’disposable income and the increase of their misery index. Over these years, there has been no obvious increase on the average income of Taiwan citizens, yet a huge increase was visible on housing price, all of which have correspondently driven the housing price-income ratio up. 　　The factors of the whole economy and the housing price-income ratio have always been the concern and focus of the public and investors. The influence of the factor of the whole economy on the housing price-income ratio was discussed in this research. Based on the 45 pieces of data collected from the third season of 2002 to the third season of 2013 in Taiwan, empirical methods like unit root test, co-integration test, vector error correction model and the Granger causality test were conducted to explore the correlation among interest rate, quantity of money, GDP and the housing price-income ratio. The study results were as below: Through Johansen Co-integration Test, there were two conjugate vectors among the supporting interest rate, quantity of money, GDP and the housing price-income ratio. Then, through the vector error correction model, the balancing error for the housing price-income ratio of Taipei was not zero, indicating its adjusting ability to mitigate the balancing error, while that of Kaohsiung scoring zero indicating otherwise. Finally, through causality test, it was clear that interest rate affected the fluctuation of housing price in Taipei while GDP was more responsible for that of Kaohsiung.

A posteriori error estimation is an inseparable component of any reliable numerical method for solving partial differential equations. The aim of the goal-oriented a posteriori error estimates is to control the computational error directly with respect to some quantity of interest, which makes the method very convenient for many engineering applications. The resulting error estimates may be employed for mesh adaptation which enables to find a numerical approximation of the quantity of interest under some given tolerance in a very efficient manner. In this thesis, the goal-oriented error estimates are derived for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of the linear scalar model problems, as well as of the Euler equations describing inviscid compressible flows. It focuses on several aspects of the goal-oriented error estimation method, in particular, higher order reconstructions, adjoint consistency of the discretizations, control of the algebraic errors arising from iterative solutions of both algebraic systems, and linking the estimates with the hp-anisotropic mesh adaptation. The computational performance is demonstrated by numerical experiments.

碩士
輔仁大學
經濟學研究所
98
Many researchers use the traditional unit root test to investigate the real interest rate parity. Due to the lower power performance, traditional unit root test can not analyze the heavy-tailed data very well. In this paper, we analyze two types of countries, developed and developing countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, France, Singapore, Japan and Taiwan, Korea, South Africa, Argentina, China, Malaysia respectively. Firstly, the descriptive statistics shows that there is heavy-tailed behavior. Then we conduct DF and ADF unit root tests and in most countries the real interest rate parity does not hold. In order to obtain robust results, we consider to employ quantile unit root method from Koenker and Xiao (2004b). From their paper, this test has more power performance to test heavy-tailed data. The results show that the real interest rate parity in both developed and developing countries hold.

碩士
中國文化大學
全球商務碩士學位學程碩士班
105
ABSTRACT The main purpose of examining real interest rate parity (RIRP), focus on explore more evidence from the quantile unit root test. This study applies the Quantile unit root test to assess the validity of the RIRP for Northeast Asian countries (including Russia, Mongolia, Mainland of China, South Korea and Japan) relative to the USA. In this paper, I examine the validity of RIRP from the nonlinear point of view and evidence obviously indicates that RIRP holds true for two countries. It implies that the operations and effectiveness of the monetary policies in these countries will be highly influenced by the exterior factors originating from the USA. At the same time, my results point out their real interest rate convergence relative to the USA is mean reversion towards RIRP equilibrium values in a nonlinear way. The time series of all the countries from ADF and PP tests are non-stationary. By contrast, the KPSS tests with constant reject the stationary for all countries. According to QKS, RIRP of Japan and Russia are affected by USA. Meanwhile, China, South Korea and Mongolia do not support RIRP. Furthermore, central bank of China, South Korea and Mongolia could be pursue their independent monetary policies means that central bank does not follow market mechanism. In this paper focus on those countries that uses the macroeconomic variables includes consumer price index (CPI), inflation rate (INF), nominal interest rate (NIR), real interest rate (RIR) and real interest rate parity (RIRP). The data are collected at monthly started period for these countries are different cause the data availability, and the end of the sample is 2015M12 for all countries. Keywords: Real Interest Rate Parity, mean reversion, Quantile Unit Root Test

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
財務管理研究所
99
This paper study the effect of movements of interest differential and stock index on the exchange rate. The empirical period is from 2001 to 2010 and divided by the financial crisis in 2007. Granger causality test shows that movement of stock index does granger cause movement of exchange rate except US dollar and Euro. The movement of interest differential has significant impact on movement of exchange rate before financial crisis, but the effect is insignificant after the crisis In addition, By using the Quantile regression analysis we found：(1) high yielding currencies are more sensitive than other currencies to the changes of interest rates differential and movements of stock prices.(2) the impact of interest rate differential to exchange rate is only significant in the higher quantile, indicating that investors increased the degree of risk aversion and only trade at high exchange rate.(3)During the crisis, the correlation with stock prices and exchange rates become higher as the depreciation of exchange rate, showing that when the depreciation of exchange rate has exceeded the acceptable range of investors, they will cover yen to prevent the extended losses even though they would not to unwind.

碩士
逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
102
Company must concern procurement segment, because the purchasing cost usual account for more than 60 percent of production. The value of purchasing personnel not just cost reducing or profit improving,but avoiding delivery delays, quality discrepancy, stock, returns and refund management. To be an enterprise with long term competitivity, better to reduce expense then explore new business. The purchasing department is a critical part of enterprise, without effective management, corruption used to happen; It is important that how purchasing personnel control to prevent improperate benefit transfer and it&;#39;s effect. Hence, in a perspective of science &;quot;material and labour cost research&;quot; to analysis and reduce the purchasing cost, prevent benefit transfer; further to promote procurement performance. The research method:(1)Documentary Analysis (2)Questionnaire Survey (3)Statistical Analysis. A study on relationship between analysis of quantity &; material and purchasing personnel characteristics on purchasing interests avoidance and performance. Research analysis showed that, (1) The implement of“Material &; Labour Cost Analysis” has significant influence to “purchasing interests avoidance” and “purchasing performance”. (2)“Purchasing interests avoidance”has significant influence to “purchasing performance”. (3) The &;quot;Purchasing personnel characteristics” and“purchasing interests avoidance and performance” have insignificant deviation.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005.
Advisor: Joseph K. Torgesen, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 27, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 74 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
101
With the rapid development of information technology, a dazzling array of investment-related information provided. In the recent years, people put more and more attention on financial planning. And the retail investors proportion is also the biggest in each category. So the investment-related information of newspaper media or website is concerned. But can these information make the most profit to the investors? This paper analyzes that whether the recommendation of broker have information content and calculate the conflicts of interest index. Last, to analysis the effect of influence factors on different degree of conflict of interest by quantile regression method. To test information content by event study method and the results is the information has early leaked before the announcement day. And it exist abnormal return. The recommendation has information content. But investors should sell in a short time after the announcement day, otherwise there is diminishing return. Another result shows the performance that the stocks had been recommended by more than one brokerage is better than by single brokerage before the announcement day. But after the announcement day, the recommendations by single brokerage had better performance than the other one. Constructing the conflicts of interest index and using quantile regression analyze it. The results show that the volatility, trading volume and value are significant related no matter before or after announcement day or any degree of conflict of interest. And other determinants are significant related with the middle and serious conflict of interest. So we can find that the stock are small firm, high systematic risk, low volatility, high insider holding, high trading volume and value, low growth opportunities exist conflict of interest. Investor should observe carefully and then decide whether to buy.

Tuscany has suffered severe windstorms in the last five years, causing major damages to the forests. Quantifying the damage after these disturbances has been the main concern for authorities. The objective of this study was develop a new, cost effective methodology to estimate dead wood volumes post windthrow through remote sensing and GIS tools, testing a supervised photo-interpretation in combination with LIS and an unsupervised photo-interpretation called NCC through RGB images with 0.2 m GSD. Additionally, field-assessed were obtained as control data. The study area was conducted in the Tuscany region, where 10 areas were selected. The species affected were mostly conifers. The results obtained by the unsupervised were better than supervised, but both methods did not show statistically significant differences. The NCC method showed promising results, but mostly in big areas, where the results showed accurate volumes. On the other side, small areas are not suitable to be under NCC methods yet, due to the low accuracy obtained in the volumes in this study.

碩士
淡江大學
財務金融學系碩士班
98
This study applies quantile regression model to investigate the relationship between the TX market return rate, the trading volume and the open interest. In empirical study, we divided the data set into three parts, which are (1) all sample, (2) half sample, (3) bull markets and bear markets, respectively. We further used a bootstrap method to test the robustness of parameters. There are a total of three models used to compare the different data sets mentioned above. Results showed an asymmetric V-shaped relationship between TX market return rate and trading volumes.. However, in the bear market condition, the result of the return rate, trading volumes and open interest is not significant. These results can provide a reference for the theory and empirical study.