Journal articles: 'Quantity of interest'

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DeVore, Ronald, Simon Foucart, Guergana Petrova, and Przemyslaw Wojtaszczyk. "Computing a Quantity of Interest from Observational Data." Constructive Approximation 49, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 461–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00365-018-9433-7.

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Ireland, Peter N. "THE MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF INTEREST ON RESERVES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 6 (May 24, 2013): 1271–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000934.

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This paper uses a New Keynesian model with banks and deposits to study the macroeconomic effects of policies that pay interest on reserves. Although their effects on output and inflation are small, these policies require major adjustments in the way that the monetary authority manages the supply of reserves, as liquidity effects vanish in the short run. In the long run, however, the additional freedom the monetary authority acquires by paying interest on reserves is best described as affecting the real quantity of reserves: policy actions that change prices must still change the nominal quantity of reserves proportionally.

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BOX-STEFFENSMEIER, JANET M., DINO P. CHRISTENSON, and MATTHEW P. HITT. "Quality Over Quantity: Amici Influence and Judicial Decision Making." American Political Science Review 107, no. 3 (July 10, 2013): 446–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305541300021x.

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Interest groups often make their preferences known on cases before the U.S. Supreme Court via amicus curiae briefs. In evaluating the case and related arguments, we posit that judges take into account more than just the number of supporters for the liberal and conservative positions. Specifically, judges’ decisions may also reflect the relative power of the groups. We use network position to measure interest group power in U.S. Supreme Court cases from 1946 to 2001. We find that the effect of interest group power is minimal in times of heavily advantaged cases. However, when the two sides of a case are approximately equal in the number of briefs, such power is a valuable signal to judges. We also show that justice ideology moderates the effect of liberal interest group power. The results corroborate previous findings on the influence of amicus curiae briefs and add a nuanced understanding of the conditions under which the quality and reputation of interest groups matter, not just the quantity.

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Chaudhry, Jehanzeb Hameed, Eric C. Cyr, Kuo Liu, Thomas A. Manteuffel, Luke N. Olson, and Lei Tang. "Enhancing Least-Squares Finite Element Methods Through a Quantity-of-Interest." SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 52, no. 6 (January 2014): 3085–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/13090496x.

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Tang, Zuqi, Suyang Lou, Abdelkader Benabou, Emmanuel Creuse, Serge Nicaise, Julien Korecki, and Jean-Claude Mipo. "Guaranteed Quantity of Interest Error Estimate Based on Equilibrated Flux Reconstruction." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 57, no. 6 (June 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2021.3071641.

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Congdon, Tim. "Interest rates or quantity of money? Edward Nelson on Milton Friedman." Economic Affairs 41, no. 2 (June 2021): 320–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12467.

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Griesse, Roland, and Boris Vexler. "Numerical Sensitivity Analysis for the Quantity of Interest in PDE‐Constrained Optimization." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 29, no. 1 (January 2007): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/050637273.

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Taghizadeh, Jonas Larsson. "Quality over quantity? Technical information, interest advocacy and school closures in Sweden." Interest Groups & Advocacy 4, no. 2 (December 16, 2014): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/iga.2014.17.

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Peterson, Andrew, and Arthur Spirling. "Classification Accuracy as a Substantive Quantity of Interest: Measuring Polarization in Westminster Systems." Political Analysis 26, no. 1 (January 2018): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2017.39.

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Measuring the polarization of legislators and parties is a key step in understanding how politics develops over time. But in parliamentary systems—where ideological positions estimated from roll calls may not be informative—producing valid estimates is extremely challenging. We suggest a new measurement strategy that makes innovative use of the “accuracy” of machine classifiers, i.e., the number of correct predictions made as a proportion of all predictions. In our case, the “labels” are the party identifications of the members of parliament, predicted from their speeches along with some information on debate subjects. Intuitively, when the learner is able to discriminate members in the two main Westminster parties well, we claim we are in a period of “high” polarization. By contrast, when the classifier has low accuracy—and makes a relatively large number of mistakes in terms of allocating members to parties based on the data—we argue parliament is in an era of “low” polarization. This approach is fast and substantively valid, and we demonstrate its merits with simulations, and by comparing the estimates from 78 years of House of Commons speeches with qualitative and quantitative historical accounts of the same. As a headline finding, we note that contemporary British politics is approximately as polarized as it was in the mid-1960s—that is, in the middle of the “postwar consensus”. More broadly, we show that the technical performance of supervised learning algorithms can be directly informative about substantive matters in social science.

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Yu, Alan C. L. "Quantity, stress and reduplication in Washo." Phonology 22, no. 3 (December 2005): 437–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675705000679.

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Plural internal reduplication in Washo has generated much interest in the phonological literature. This study presents a novel analysis that unifies the treatment of a set of seemingly disparate aspects of this plural reduplication pattern (e.g. variation in the placement and size of the reduplicant, contrastive vowel length in stressed syllables, post-tonic gemination, and vowel-length inheritance in reduplication), relying on the interaction between constraints on weight assignment, affix anchoring and stress assignment. In particular, the odd placement of the plural reduplicant in roots with internal consonant sequences and the restricted distribution of long vowels in Washo can be attributed to a previously unnoticed emerging preference for heavy stressed syllables on the surface. The results of this study have implications for theories of reduplication and theories of weight phenomena in general.

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Dufreneix, S., J. M. Bordy, F. Delaunay, J. Daures, J. Gouriou, M. Le Roy, A. Ostrowsky, B. Rapp, and L. Sommier. "Establishment of dosimetric references in small fields thanks to a new quantity of interest." Physica Medica 30 (December 2014): e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.10.049.

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Dimand, Robert W. "Adolphe Landry and Irving Fisher on Circulation and Interest." HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, no. 2 (October 2012): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2012-002007.

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In the two decades before World War I, Irving Fisher and his French contemporary Adolphe Landry presented and extended Boehm-Bawerk's theory capital and interest, although both of them criticized Boehm-Bawerk's concept of an average period of production. They analyzed each other's work on interest theory in books reviews and books. They both attempted to construct an operationally meaninful version of the quantity theory of money, with Fisher building explicitly on early studies by Landry and Pierre des Essars in France and by Edwin Kemmerer and David Kinley in the US.

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Tipaka, Yulin, Marline Paendong, and Charles Mongi. "ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU BUNGA KRANS PADA USAHA BUNGA PLASTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY DAN METODE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITY." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 17, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.17.2.2017.16651.

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ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU BUNGA KRANS PADA USAHA BUNGA PLASTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY DAN METODE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITYABSTRAK Bunga Krans merupakan suatu karangan bunga berbentuk lonjong dan sebagainya untuk ucapan duka cita. Dalam usaha ini tidak sedikit permasalahan tentang meminimumkan biaya dengan mengendalikan prersediaan bahan baku. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan produksi optimal menggunakan metode Economic Produciton Quantity (EPQ) serta menentukan total persediaan minimum menurut EOQ dan EPQ. Dimana penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2017 hingga April 2017 di perusahaan Kembang Lineke, Girian, Bitung. Dengan variabel yang digunakan yaitu volume kebutuhan bahan baku, volume penyaluran bahan baku, biaya pemesanan bahan baku dan biaya penyimpanan bahan baku. Dari hasil dapat diketahui bahwa pemesanan ekonomis menurut metode EOQ untuk masing-masing jenis bunga K5, K6 dan K10 yaitu 205,88 lusin, 220,09 lusin dan 266,96 lusin dengan biaya optimal semua jenis bunga sebesar Rp. 125.476.400 sedangkan produksi optimal menurut metode EPQ untuk jenis bunga K5, K6 dan K10 masing-masing sebesar 206,16 lusin, 220,4 lusin dan 267,32 lusin dengan biaya optimal untuk semua jenis bunga sebesar Rp. 125.336.630. Kata Kunci: Bunga Krans, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) RAW MATERIAL INVENTORY CONTROL ANALYSIS OF FUNERAL WREATH ON PLASTIC FLOWER BUSINESS USING ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY METHOD AND ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITY METHODABSTRACT Funeral wreath is an oval-shaped bouquet or so on used for show greeting or grieving. In this business there are not only a few problems about minimizing costs by controlling raw material inventory. The purpose of this research is to determine the amount of economic order using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method and optimum production using Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) method, also to determine the total minimum inventory according to those methods. Where this research was conducted in February 2017 until April 2017 at company Flower Lineke, Girian, Bitung. With variables used are the volume of raw material demand, the volume of raw material distribution, ordering cost and holding cost. From the results it can be seen that economical order according to EOQ method for each type of interest K5, K6 and K10 is 205,88 dozen, 220,09 dozen and 266,96 dozen with optimal cost of all type of interest equal to rp.125,476,400 while the optimum production according to EPQ method for k5, k6, k10, respectively for 206,16 dozen 220,4 dozen and 267,32 dozen with optimal cost for all kinds of interest Rp. 125.336.630. Keywords: Funeral Wreath, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Economic Production Quantity (EPQ)

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Shekaramiz, Mohammad, Todd K. Moon, and Jacob H. Gunther. "Exploration vs. Data Refinement via Multiple Mobile Sensors." Entropy 21, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21060568.

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We examine the deployment of multiple mobile sensors to explore an unknown region to map regions containing concentration of a physical quantity such as heat, electron density, and so on. The exploration trades off between two desiderata: to continue taking data in a region known to contain the quantity of interest with the intent of refining the measurements vs. taking data in unobserved areas to attempt to discover new regions where the quantity may exist. Making reasonable and practical decisions to simultaneously fulfill both goals of exploration and data refinement seem to be hard and contradictory. For this purpose, we propose a general framework that makes value-laden decisions for the trajectory of mobile sensors. The framework employs a Gaussian process regression model to predict the distribution of the physical quantity of interest at unseen locations. Then, the decision-making on the trajectories of sensors is performed using an epistemic utility controller. An example is provided to illustrate the merit and applicability of the proposed framework.

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Pasanisi, Alberto, Merlin Keller, and Eric Parent. "Estimation of a quantity of interest in uncertainty analysis: Some help from Bayesian decision theory." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 100 (April 2012): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2012.01.001.

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Li, Jing, Xin Qi, and Dongbin Xiu. "On Upper and Lower Bounds for Quantity of Interest in Problems Subject to Epistemic Uncertainty." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 36, no. 2 (January 2014): A364—A376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/120892969.

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Farahmand, Nasser Fegh-hi. "Organizational Business Interest as Organizational Request." European Journal of Sustainable Development 1, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2012.v1n3p509.

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Making a difference in organization or creating the very best product or service on themarket or simply doing something loves to do. Furthermore, it seems that the emphasis onorganizational empowerment as structure, and systems has not yielded the desired results assome of the companies where these variables have been changed, after sometime, wentback to experiencing declining performance. It is therefore obvious that more researchneeds to be done to identify characteristics that enhance organizational performance.Implementing good environmental and organizational practices is good organizationalbusiness it can give a competitive advantage. This article attempts to explain theorganizational business interest by patterns of thinking. Organizations use organizationalresources as the basic ingredient for all that is required for their operations. They aretherefore eager to maintain and improve the quantity of expendable organizationalresources by not only resources utilization, but by also identifying, nurturing andmaintaining characteristics that promote organizational performance. The key toorganization success is having a organizational business interest in place. Whetherorganization is about to launch a start-up or organization have been in organizationalbusiness for years, organizational business' direction is guided by your organizationalbusiness interest. In spite of this general awareness, such long-term organizational business,strategic-level interest of organizational business has been lacking in most organizations.

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Kashyap, Anil K., and Jeremy C. Stein. "The Optimal Conduct of Monetary Policy with Interest on Reserves." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.1.266.

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In a world with interest on reserves, the central bank has two distinct tools that it can use to raise the short-term policy rate: it can either increase the interest it pays on reserve balances, or it can reduce the quantity of reserves in the system. We argue that by using both of these tools together, and by broadening the scope of reserve requirements, the central bank can simultaneously pursue two objectives: it can manage the inflation-output tradeoff using a Taylor-type rule, and it can regulate the externalities created by socially excessive short-term debt issuance on the part of financial intermediaries. (JEL E43, E52, E58, G21)

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Nowell, Sallie Wallace, Desiree R. Jones, and Clare Harrop. "Circumscribed interests in autism: are there sex differences?" Advances in Autism 5, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-09-2018-0032.

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Purpose Sex differences in circumscribed interests (CI) may delay diagnosis for females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); therefore, it is important to characterize sex differences in CI to determine if differential approaches to diagnostic assessment are warranted for females with ASD. The purpose of this paper is to examine sex differences in parent-reported quantity, content and functional impairment of children’s interests. Design/methodology/approach Parent responses to the Interests Scale were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVAs to determine diagnostic (ASD vs typical development (TD)) and sex differences between four groups of children ages six to ten years: ASD males, ASD females, TD males and TD females. Findings Groups were comparable on the quantity of interests reported on the Interests Scale. Children with ASD demonstrated significantly more nonsocial interests and had greater functional impairment associated with their interests than TD children. A significant diagnosis×sex effect was found for the number of interests in folk psychology. Descriptively, males with ASD were more likely to have a primary interest in the traditionally male category of physics than females with ASD whose primary interest mainly fell into the categories of TV or the more traditionally female category of psychology. Originality/value These findings strengthen the results of Turner-Brown et al. (2011) by replicating their findings that children with ASD have more nonsocial interests and greater functional impairments related to their interests compared to TD children in a sample that is balanced on biological sex. However, there are distinctions between males and females with ASD in their primary interests that have implications for diagnostic assessment.

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Widaryanti, Widya Bella, and Retnaningsih Retnaningsih. "Analysis Of Milk Consumption Behavior and Processed Products on IPB Students with AIDA and CRI Methods." Journal of Consumer Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jcs.3.1.50-64.

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<em>This study aimed to analyze consumption behavior of Fapet’s milk and processed products using the AIDA and CRI models. Samples in this study were 209 active students of IPB in 2nd, 4th, and 6th semester used simple random sampling method. The results showed that there was a correlation between awareness and interest, interest and desire, while desire has no correlation with action. The results also showed that sex, pocket money, father’s occupation, number of family member, awareness, interest, and action have a correlation with consumption frequency of Fapet’s milk and processed products. Awarenes, interest, and action variables also have a correlation with consumption quantity of Fapet’s milk and processed products. The enhancement of awareness and action will increase consumption frequency and consumption quantity of Fapet’s milk and processed products. Results of Customer Response Index (CRI) analysis showed that students response to dairy Fapet milk and processed products were 78.9 percent indicating that marketing strategy have been effective.</em>

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Michelbach, S., and C. Wöhrle. "Settleable Solids in a Combined Sewer System – Measurement, Quantity, Characteristics." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 8 (April 1, 1992): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0192.

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Sediment and transportation of mineral and organic pollution in combined sewer systems are not completely understood. For better understanding, samples of sediment, slime and urban runoff were taken from the combined sewer system of Bad Mergentheim. The sedimentation velocity of settleable solids was measured with a settling apparatus. Typical settling curves for sediment, slime and wastewater were compiled. Some of the samples were analysed for heavy metals and organic micropollutants. By this the relationship between settling velocity and the load of heavy metals can be shown. The gained data are of interest to size clarifier tanks for stormwater treatment.

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McKeny, Timothy S., and Gregory D. Foley. "Tales, Tasks, Tools, and Talk." Teaching Children Mathematics 19, no. 5 (December 2012): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.19.5.0316.

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Bach, Christian, Elmira Tomova, Katja Goldmann, Birgit Lauer, Wolf Roesler, Andreas Mackensen, Julia Winkler, and Bernd M. Spriewald. "Monitoring of Hematopoietic Chimerism by Real-Time Quantitative PCR of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Samples with Low DNA Quantities." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3491.3491.

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Abstract Abstract 3491 Novel methods to quantify chimerism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) based on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) require high amounts of input DNA. The applicability of these methods in cases where DNA quantity is limiting, however, is currently unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SNP typing performed with just 5ng of input DNA still allowed for the distinction of positive (mean ct 28.05) and negative (ct > 36) signals. In addition, we confirm the high informative value of a set of 19 SNP markers, with 12 markers exceeding 20% informativity in our population (n=74). Of interest, a four-fold reduction of input DNA for qPCR standard curves did not alter PCR efficiencies. Most importantly, in 7 out of 16 allogeneic HSCT patients who experienced disease relapse, a retrospective analysis using the SNP-qPCR method revealed re-appearance of recipient chimerism earlier (mean 95 days) compared to previous results obtained by a short tandem repeat (STR) specific PCR. Taken together our data clearly demonstrate that SNP-qPCR is more sensitive compared to the widely used STR-PCR even with reduced amounts of input DNA. We therefore recommend that SNP-qPCR is preferable to STR-PCR for chimerism analysis in cases where DNA quantity is a limiting factor. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Hastings, Alan. "Monotonic Change of the Mean Phenotype in Two-Locus Models." Genetics 117, no. 3 (November 1, 1987): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/117.3.583.

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ABSTRACT It is shown that the mean phenotype monotonically approaches the optimum in a class of symmetric, two-locus, two-allele models with stabilizing selection. In this model, mean fitness does not change monotonically. Thus, Fisher's fundamental theorem does not hold, even though another quantity of evolutionary interest, the mean phenotype, can be shown to change monotonically. Using this quantity, it is proven that global stability results for this model.

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Dimand, Robert W., and Rebeca Gomez Betancourt. "Retrospectives Irving Fisher's Appreciation and Interest (1896) and the Fisher Relation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.185.

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Irving Fisher's monograph Appreciation and Interest (1896) proposed his famous equation showing expected inflation as the difference between nominal interest and real interest rates. In addition, he drew attention to insightful remarks and numerical examples scattered through the earlier literature, and he derived results ranging from the uncovered interest arbitrage parity condition between currencies to the expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates. As J. Bradford DeLong wrote in this journal (Winter 2000), “The story of 20th century macroeconomics begins with Irving Fisher” and specifically with Appreciation and Interest because “the transformation of the quantity theory of money into a tool for making quantitative analyses and predictions of the price level, inflation, and interest rates was the creation of Irving Fisher.” I discuss the message of Appreciation and Interest, and assess how original he was.

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Carrier, Alexandre, Jean Deteix, and André Fortin. "Versatile anisotropic mesh adaptation methodology applied to pure quantity of interest error estimator. Steady, laminar incompressible flow." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 92, no. 5 (May 2020): 436–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.4790.

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Pal, Manisha, and Sanjoy Kumar Ghosh. "An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Quantity Dependent Permissible Delay in Payment and Partial Backlogging of Shortage." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 59, no. 3-4 (September 2007): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068320070308.

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Abstract: In many inventory situations, instead of making immediate payment on receiving the consigument, the purchaser is allowed a certain fixed time period to pay for the goods bought. During this time the supplier charges no interest, but beyond this period interest is charged under the terms and condition agreed upon. As for the purchaser, he can earn interest on the revenue coolected during the credit period. This paper studies a single item inventory model for deteriorating items, when the permissible delay in payment depends on the ordered quantity and shortages are partially backlogged, assuming the backlogging rate to be inversely proportional to the waiting time for the next replenishment. An algorithm has been developed to find the optimal inventory policy. Numerical examples have been cited to illustrate the model. AMS (2000) Subject Classification: 90B05.

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Banerjee, Rahul, Paul George, Cedric Priebe, and Eric Alper. "Medical student awareness of and interest in clinical informatics." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, e1 (February 28, 2015): e42-e47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocu046.

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Abstract Objective We aimed to investigate medical students’ attitudes about Clinical Informatics (CI) training and careers. Materials and Methods We distributed a web-based survey to students at four US allopathic medical schools. Results Five hundred and fifty-seven medical students responded. Interest in CI training opportunities (medical school electives, residency electives, or academic fellowships) surpassed respondents’ prior awareness of these opportunities. Thirty percent of student respondents expressed at least some interest in a CI-related career, but they were no more aware of training opportunities than their peers who did not express such an interest. Discussion Almost one third of medical students who responded to our survey expressed an interest in a CI-related career, but they were generally unaware of CI training and mentoring opportunities available to them. Early outreach to such medical students, through elective classes, professional society incentives, or expert partnerships, may positively influence the size and skill set of the future CI workforce. Conclusion We should work as a field to increase the quantity, quality, and publicity of CI learning opportunities for interested medical students.

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Alanazi, Reem S., and Ali S. Saad. "Extraction of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from 3 Dimensional MRI Images UsingK-Mean Algorithm." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2730.

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Nanomedicine targeted drug delivery is one of the emerging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. Medical image processing of High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HR-MRI), when combined with iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs), provides a precious tool to monitor diagnosis and treatment processes. The challenge is to detect the nanoparticles inside the HR-MRI images. This is due to the low resolution of the images and the small size of the nanoparticles. In this paper, we study the drug delivery efficiency using a mouse with an inflamed calf, with IO-NPs attached to the therapeutic drug and injected into the mouse's eye. Our aim is to know how much of the drug injected will reach the inflamed region of the calf. A high-resolution MRI system was used to take images of the inflamed calf region. Knowing that iron oxide has a strong magnetic intensity on MRI images, image processing techniques were used to identify the location and quantity of IO-NPs attached to the drug. By knowing the location and quantity of IO-NPs we can estimate the quantity of drug delivered to the region of interest. In our project, K-mean algorithm, an automatic clustering algorithm was used to detect the iron oxide NPs in the MRI images. This then extracts them from the 3D model of the femoral region of interest. Extraction of NPs permits an estimation of the number of NPs clustered in the region and furthermore estimates the quantity of the drug delivered to the region of interest. The results obtained of nanoparticle detection and extraction seem to be a promising way to estimate the amount of delivered drug to a targeted area.

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Lin, Tien-Yu, Ming-Te Chen, and Kuo-Lung Hou. "An inventory model for items with imperfect quality and quantity discounts under adjusted screening rate and earned interest." Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization 12, no. 4 (January 2016): 1333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2016.12.1333.

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Grabitz, Peter, Zoe Friedmann, Sophie Gepp, Leonard Hess, Lisa Specht, Maja Struck, Sophie Kira Tragert, Tobias Walther, and David Klemperer. "Quantity and quality of conflict of interest policies at German medical schools: a cross-sectional study and survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e039782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039782.

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ObjectivesTo assess the quantity and evaluate the quality of policies and curricula focusing on conflicts of interests (COI) at medical schools across Germany.DesignCross-sectional study, survey of medical schools, standardised web search.SettingMedical schools, Germany.Participants38 German medical schools.InterventionsWe collected relevant COI policies, including teaching activities, by conducting a search of the websites of all 38 German medical schools using standardised keywords for COI policies and teaching. Further, we surveyed all medical schools’ dean’s offices. Finally, we adapted a scoring system for results we obtained with 13 categories based on prior similar studies.Main outcomes and measuresPresence or absence of COI-related policies, including teaching activities at medical school. The secondary outcome was the achieved score on a scale from 0 to 26, with high scores representing restrictive policies and sufficient teaching activities.ResultsWe identified relevant policies for one medical school via the web search. The response rate of the deans’ survey was 16 of 38 (42.1%). In total, we identified COI-related policies for 2 of 38 (5.3%) German medical schools, yet no policy was sufficient to address all COI-related categories that were assessed in this study. The maximum score achieved was 12 of 26. 36 (94.7%) schools scored 0. No medical school reported curricular teaching on COI.ConclusionsOur results indicate a low level of action by medical schools to protect students from undue commercial influence. No participating dean was aware of any curriculum or instruction on COI at the respective school and only two schools had policies in place. The German Medical Students Association and international counterparts have called for a stronger focus on COI in the classroom. We conclude that for German medical schools, there is still a long way to go.

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Mamonov, M. "Banking competition on the market for loans in russia: the impact on credit activity of banks and an effect of the economic crisis of 2008-2009." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2016): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-11-76-99.

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This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of banking competition on the market for loans in the Russian banking system connecting it to various phases of the business cycle in Russia. Our focus is on price competition, which is measured through the Lerner index of market power. Using Lerner index, we investigate, first, the levels of interest rate markups in the market for loans; second, the influence of these markups on credit activity of banks as well as their relation with the size of banks. Next, we compare our measured Lerner index with three additional competition indicators, i.e. H- statistics of Panzar and Rosse (mix of price and quantity competition), Boone indicator (quantity and quality competition) and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (quantity competition). For our comparisons, we choose the time period of 2005 Q1 to2012 Q4, i.e. starting from one boom on the market for loans and ending with another boom so that between them there is one episode of macroeconomic and systemic banking crisis that could substantially change the strength of competition. Our estimations show that the impact of competition on credit activity of banks is nonlinear - when price competition is too strict or too weak the credit activity of banks becomes slower. Before the crisis of 2008-2009 increases of both price and quantity competition took place; however, during the crisis these competition improvements were offset by uneven access of banks to refinancing resources and the deterioration of borrowers’ creditworthiness that entailed the rise of risk premium in interest rates on loans. After the crisis, price competition turned back to upward trend again stimulated by the growing boom on the market for retail loans, whereas quantity competition remained rather constrained.

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Kumar, Radika, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, and Pallavi Arora. "Effect of Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations on Fish Production and Interest Rate." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13120297.

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We analyze the effect of fisheries subsidy negotiations on financial markets and aggregate demand in developed and developing countries. We examine the plausible scenarios that are likely to emerge in the event of elimination or reduction of subsidies, and the subsequent effect on the financial markets and the fish production. We use the Keynesian macroeconomic static framework, which is based on an extended well-known investment-savings (IS) and liquidity preference–money supply (LM) model for analysis. Our analysis shows that the impact of a reduction in fisheries subsidies would reduce the exploitation of fish and marine resources in developing countries, thus leading to a general increase in fish prices and quantity stabilizing at lower levels. We also find that this effect would transfer to financial markets, leading to a decline in interest rates for fish exporting developing countries, but interest rates tend to stabilize at higher levels for fish importing developed countries.

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Jain, Karuna, Lokesh Nagar, and Vivek Srivastava. "Benefit sharing in inter‐organizational coordination." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13598540610682417.

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PurposeTo develop an EOQ based model to quantify the benefit accrue due to coordination for the one supplier and n retailer supply chain system and concept to share the benefits derived from coordination.Design/methodology/approachAn intensive literature review has been done in the area of supply chain coordination covering both marketing and operational perspective. The analysis of literature has shown that models to quantify the benefits for supply chains consisting of a single supplier who supplies a product to multiple heterogeneous buyers are very limited. To fill this critical research gap the benefit sharing mechanism is derived based on optimal order quantity of the supply chain system.FindingsThis paper demonstrates the benefits of coordination to the supply chain system in terms of cost saving and generating the surplus money. It also suggests a way to find the range of prices to facilitated coordination. Under the developed pricing policy, no partner after coordination had to bear a loss. So in that sense we can say that the benefits of coordination are distributed to all the partners.Practical implicationsThe proposed model for benefit sharing protects the interest of all supply chain partners and hence will be profitable to all. The pricing scheme suggested will motivate retailers to increase ordering quantity per order, thereby reducing the joint ordering and holding costs.Originality/valueThe paper is unique in terms of quantifying and sharing the benefits of coordination for one supplier – multi heterogeneous buyer supply chain system.

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Makariou, Despoina, Pauline Barrieu, and George Tzougas. "A Finite Mixture Modelling Perspective for Combining Experts’ Opinions with an Application to Quantile-Based Risk Measures." Risks 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9060115.

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The key purpose of this paper is to present an alternative viewpoint for combining expert opinions based on finite mixture models. Moreover, we consider that the components of the mixture are not necessarily assumed to be from the same parametric family. This approach can enable the agent to make informed decisions about the uncertain quantity of interest in a flexible manner that accounts for multiple sources of heterogeneity involved in the opinions expressed by the experts in terms of the parametric family, the parameters of each component density, and also the mixing weights. Finally, the proposed models are employed for numerically computing quantile-based risk measures in a collective decision-making context.

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Kendler, Kenneth S., Steven H. Aggen, Nathan Gillespie, Nikolai Czajkowski, Eivind Ystrom, and Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud. "A Twin Study of Cigarette and Snus Initiation and Quantity of Use in Norwegian Adult Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 22, no. 2 (April 2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.9.

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AbstractWhile snus has been the focus of increasing public health interest, twin studies have examined neither sources of individual variation for its use nor the sources of resemblance between snus and cigarette use. Twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Panel were assessed by self-report questionnaire for the initiation of regular use and maximal quantity used for snus and cigarettes. Twin modeling was performed using OpenMx on data from 2767 twins including 856 complete pairs. Fitting univariate twin models produced similar results for cigarette initiation and quantity with estimates of additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental effects of approximately 77%, 0% and 23%, respectively. Estimates of snus initiation and quantity were, respectively, approximately 53%, 26% and 21%. Joint analyses suggested that the genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental correlations between cigarette and snus initiation and quantity were +.82, 0 and +.42, respectively. However, these results could not be statistically distinguished from a model which postulated that resemblance between cigarette initiation and quantity resulted from genetic and unique environmental correlations of +.47 and +.43. Compared with cigarette initiation and quantity of use in Norwegian twins, the role of genes was less prominent and shared environment more prominent for initiation and quantity of use of snus. Joint analyses of both tobacco phenotypes suggested, but did not confirm definitively, that genetic risk factors for cigarette and snus use were similar but not identical, while shared environmental factors existed that were specific to snus use.

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Zhao, Deli, Baofeng Zhang, and Zongshui Wang. "A Bank Credit Model with Capital-Constrained Newsvendor Under Two Ordering Opportunities." Journal of Systems Science and Information 4, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2016-408-11.

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AbstractThis paper proposes a financing system consisting of a bank under Mean-Variance criterion and a capital-constrained retailer, where the bank offers an unlimited credit to the retailer. The demand is assumed to be stochastic. The newsvendor is allowed to make an emergency order with a minimum reorder quantity threshold (RQT). It shows that under RQT, the newsvendor has different reorder strategies. The optimal primary order quantity and interest rate are derived, sequentially. Extension under perfectly competitive capital market is given. The mathematic model reveals that RQT and reorder price have significant effect on the optimal strategies.

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Yang, Chih-Te, Liang-Yuh Ouyang, Chang-Hsien Hsu, and Kuo-Liang Lee. "Optimal Replenishment Decisions under Two-Level Trade Credit with Partial Upstream Trade Credit Linked to Order Quantity and Limited Storage Capacity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/736712.

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This paper extends the previous economic order quantity (EOQ) models under two-level trade credit such as Goyal (1985), Teng (2002), Huang (2003, 2007), Kreng and Tan (2010), Ouyang et al. (2013), and Teng et al. (2007) to reflect the real-life situations by incorporating the following concepts: (1) the storage capacity is limited, (2) the supplier offers the retailer a partially upstream trade credit linked to order quantity, and (3) both the dispensable assumptions that the upstream trade credit is longer than the downstream trade creditN<Mand the interest charged per dollar per year is larger than or equal to the interest earned per dollar per yearIc<Ieare relaxed. We then study the necessary and sufficient conditions for finding the optimal solution for various cases and establish a useful algorithm to obtain the solution. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results and provide the managerial insights.

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Dawood, Taufiq Carnegie. "Monetary Policy, Foreign Interest Rate impact on Indonesian Bank Credit." JEJAK 11, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v11i2.16056.

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This study adds to the economic knowledge by presenting proof based on data for Indonesia, on the consequence to credit provided by domestic banks, due to changes of monetary policy and foreign rates of interest. The subject matter is important for Indonesia because about 88 percent of its overall financing to the private sector in Indonesia are provided by domestic banks through credit channels. Consequently fluctuations of bank credit have significant impact on Indonesia’s financial system’s stability. Applying the Structural VAR method, the current study found that credit channeled by domestic banks in Indonesia are influenced by both rates of interest from abroad and the policy stance of Bank Indonesia. In addition it is found that foreign rates of interest effects bank credit negatively, but turns positive after 12 months. While a monetary contractionary monetary stance by Bank Indonesia decreases the quantity of credit provided by banks. These results underscores the limitation of monetary policy in managing bank credit growth. This results also underlines the need of Bank Indonesia to take into account the impact of foreign interest rates in conducting macro-prudential policies in overseeing credit growth to promote financial stability in Indonesia.

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Billah, Misha, MM Rizvia, and Lipon Chandra Das. "The Economic Order Quantity Repair and Waste Disposal Model: Solution Approaches." GANIT: Journal of Bangladesh Mathematical Society 40, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v40i2.51316.

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As an inventory management instrument, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is gaining increased attention. EOQ has become the focus point of everyone’s interest, especially scientists. There are inventory problems in the production and repair system where the used products are collected to repair, and after repairing, it is considered as a new product. A two-stage EOQ model for manufacturing, repairing and disposing of products is discussed in our analysis. The present model follows a former model introduced by Nahimas and Rivera, where the repair system is finite. We propose a new mathematical model in reverse logistics system where demand in production and repair items follows an exponential rate. Mathematical expressions for determining the production and repair quantities are also initiated here. In this model, it is assumed that the available space for supply and repair depots is limited, and we impose two constraints that turn the problem into a constrained optimization model. We also conduct extensive numerical experiments, and advantages are addressed. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 40.2 (2020) 134-144

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Dada, Joshua Oluwasuji. "An appraisal of paradigm shifts required of competence of the Nigerian quantity surveyors." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 1269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2016-0038.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the competence of Nigerian quantity surveyors with a view to identify and assess required areas of interest. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was administered among relevant groups of respondent (quantity surveyors, architects, engineers, builders and clients) in Nigeria. The respondents were asked to give rating, on a five-point Likert scale, on the required competencies (variables) expected of Nigerian quantity surveyors. A mean item score statistical analysis was used to rank the variables and compare them within the different groups. The analysis was undertaken using the Statistical Packages for Social Science tool. In exploring the underlying relationship among the competence requirement, factor analysis statistical technique was used to categorize them into key components. Findings The results of the study identified required competencies and factorized them into three components. These are as follows: procurement and value management; commercial management; and communication and entrepreneurship. Originality/value The findings provide insight into the competencies needed to be incorporated and/or intensified in the training of quantity surveyors in Nigeria.

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Prillop, Külli. "Hääliku-, silbi- ning jalavälde: ühe nähtuse mitu tahku." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2015.6.3.07.

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Eesti väldete fonoloogiline esitus on huvi pakkunud väga paljudele teadlastele ja olnud inspiratsiooniks fonoloogiateooria arendamisel. Artiklis võrdlen erinevaid moorateoreetilisi vältekäsitlusi väldete foneetilise kirjeldusega. Foneetiliste faktidega sobib kõige paremini käsitlus, mille järgi III välte rõhuline silp täidab kogu jala, kuid I ja II välte puhul koosneb jalg kahest silbist. III välte silbi lõpu ja I välte jala lõpu pikenemist seletab prominentse moora paiknemine nimetatud positsioonides. Prominentsed moorad on vajalikud ka isuri keele Soikola murde fonoloogilises kirjelduses.Abstract. Külli Prillop: Segment quantity, syllable quantity and foot quantity – different facets of one phenomenon. Phonological representation of Estonian quantity degrees have aroused the interest of many researchers and provided a stimulus for developing phonological theory. In this article, I compare various moraic representations of the quantity degrees with the phonetical description of the quantities. Phonetical facts show best compatibility with the treatment according to which the stressed syllable of Q3 fills the whole foot, whereas in the case of Q1 and Q2 the foot consists of two syllables. The syllable-final lengthening of Q3 and the foot-final lengthening of Q1 can be explained by the presence of the strong mora in the corresponding positions. I show that strong moras are also necessary for the phonological description of the Soikola Ingrian.Keywords: Estonian, Ingrian, Soikola, quantity, overlength, foot-final lengthening, strong mora, moraic theory

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Foysal, Kamrul H., Sung Eun Seo, Min Ju Kim, Oh Seok Kwon, and Jo Woon Chong. "Analyte Quantity Detection from Lateral Flow Assay Using a Smartphone." Sensors 19, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 4812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214812.

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Lateral flow assay (LFA) technology has recently received interest in the biochemical field since it is simple, low-cost, and rapid, while conventional laboratory test procedures are complicated, expensive, and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a robust smartphone-based analyte detection method that estimates the amount of analyte on an LFA strip using a smartphone camera. The proposed method can maintain high estimation accuracy under various illumination conditions without additional devices, unlike conventional methods. The robustness and simplicity of the proposed method are enabled by novel image processing and machine learning techniques. For the performance analysis, we applied the proposed method to LFA strips where the target analyte is albumin protein of human serum. We use two sets of training LFA strips and one set of testing LFA strips. Here, each set consists of five strips having different quantities of albumin—10 femtograms, 100 femtograms, 1 picogram, 10 picograms, and 100 picograms. A linear regression analysis approximates the analyte quantity, and then machine learning classifier, support vector machine (SVM), which is trained by the regression results, classifies the analyte quantity on the LFA strip in an optimal way. Experimental results show that the proposed smartphone application can detect the quantity of albumin protein on a test LFA set with 98% accuracy, on average, in real time.

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Gaynor, W. B. "Price Trends and Economic Crises in Marshall's Monetary Theory." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 13, no. 1 (1991): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200003382.

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Alfred Marshalls monetary theory presents itself as fragmentary and without internal coherence. Coherence can be given to it by developing the implied theoretical linkages between the money market, the securities market, and their respective interest rates, while noting the importance in interest- rate determination of the real forces of productivity and thrift.Marshalls development of a theory of money and securities markets arises from his dissatisfaction with the quantity theory of price-level determination as an explanation of the monetary transmission mechanism

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Reuning, Kevin, and Nick Dietrich. "Media Coverage, Public Interest, and Support in the 2016 Republican Invisible Primary." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 02 (October 29, 2018): 326–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592718003274.

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Donald Trump’s success in the 2016 presidential primary election prompted scrutiny for the role of news media in elections. Was Trump successful because news media publicized his campaign and crowded out coverage of other candidates? We examine the dynamic relationships between media coverage, public interest, and support for candidates in the time preceding the 2016 Republican presidential primary to determine (1) whether media coverage drives support for candidates at the polls and (2) whether this relationship was different for Trump than for other candidates. We find for all candidates that the quantity of media coverage had significant and long-lasting effects on public interest in that candidate. Most candidates do not perform better in the polls following increases in media coverage. Trump is an exception to this finding, receiving a modest polling bump following an increase in media coverage. These findings suggest that viability cues from news media contributed to Trump’s success and can be influential in setting the stage in primary elections.

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Ireland, Peter N. "On the Welfare Cost of Inflation and the Recent Behavior of Money Demand." American Economic Review 99, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 1040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.3.1040.

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Post-1980 US data trace out a stable long-run money demand relationship of Cagan's semi-log form between the M1-income ratio and the nominal interest rate, with an interest semielasticity below 2. Integrating under this money demand curve yields estimates of the welfare costs of modest departures from Friedman's zero nominal interest rate rule for the optimum quantity of money that are quite small. The results suggest that the Federal Reserve's current policy, which generates low but still positive rates of inflation, provides an adequate approximation in welfare terms to the alternative of moving all the way to the Friedman rule. (JEL E31, E41, E52)

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Biørn, Erik. "VAR INTERPRETATIONS OF HAAVELMO’S MARKET MODEL OF CAPITAL AND INVESTMENT." Econometric Theory 31, no. 2 (June 27, 2014): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466614000267.

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In the paper attempts are made to integrate two parts of Trygve Haavelmo’s work: investment theory and dynamic econometric models of interrelated markets. Specifically, the duality in the representation of the capital service price and the capital quantity in relation to the investment price and quantity are brought to the forefront and confronted with elements from simultaneous equation modeling of vector autoregressive systems containing exogenous variables (VARX), using linear four-equation models. The role of the interest rate and the modeling of the expectation element in the capital service price and the capital’s retirement pattern, and their joint effect on the model’s investment quantity and price dynamics are discussed. Stability conditions are illustrated by examples. Extensions relaxing geometric decay and ways of accounting for forward-looking behavior, including rational expectations, are outlined. Some remarks on the theory-data confrontation of this kind of model are given.

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Wei, Yan Rong. "The Traits of Orthogonal Quarternary Small Function Wraps according to Quantity Matrix Dilation." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.1244.

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The advantages of wavelet packets and their promising featu-res in various application have attracted a lot of interest and effort in recent years. In this paper, we propose the notion of quarternary small function wraps according to a quantity matrix dilation, which are gener-alization of univariate wavelet wraps. A nice procedure for designing the vector-valued quarternary small-wave wraps is provided. Their cha-racteristics are researched by virtue of time-frequency analysis method, wavelet transform and curvelet coefficients. The orthogonality formulas concerning these small-wave wraps are established. Furthermore, it is shown how to draw new orthogonal bases of space from the small-wave wraps. A method for designing a class of affine quarternary dual frames in four-dimensional space is presented. The results we obtain gains much improvement

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Rais, Andreas, Werner Poschenrieder, Jan-Willem G. van de Kuilen, and Hans Pretzsch. "Impact of spacing and pruning on quantity, quality and economics of Douglas-fir sawn timber: scenario and sensitivity analysis." European Journal of Forest Research 139, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-020-01282-8.

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Abstract Controlling the long-term effect of management on the quantity and properties of individual boards is a fundamental challenge for silviculture. Within this basic study on Douglas-fir, we have investigated the sensitivity of the net present value (NPV) to three most common planting densities and a prominent pruning strategy. We therefore have applied an individual tree growth model, which represents intrinsic stem structure as a result of crown competition. The model extrapolated board strength development to the rotational age of 70 years, starting from real and comprehensive data recorded from experimental Douglas-fir plots at the age of 20 years. Total volume production increased from about 1600 m3 ha−1 for 1000 and 2000 trees ha−1 to 1800 m3 ha−1 for 4000 trees ha−1. The economic superiority of the lowest density stands increased considering the NPV at inflation-adjusted interest rates of 0%, 2% and 4%: Given an interest rate of 2% and no pruning, the NPV at 2000 was at about 50% of the one at 1000 trees ha−1. The NPV at 4000 trees ha−1 was even negative. Generally, artificial pruning was not effective. The revealed financial trade-off between growth and timber quality in young stands underlines the importance of silvicultural guidelines, which quantify the effect of management on yield per strength class and financial outcome.

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Giles, Michael B., and Endre Süli. "Adjoint methods for PDEs: a posteriori error analysis and postprocessing by duality." Acta Numerica 11 (January 2002): 145–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096249290200003x.

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We give an overview of recent developments concerning the use of adjoint methods in two areas: the a posteriori error analysis of finite element methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations where the quantity of interest is a functional of the solution, and superconvergent extraction of integral functionals by postprocessing.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantity of interest'

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