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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum chromodynamics QCD'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 23 November 2024

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1

Cahill, RT. "On the Importance of Self-interaction in QCD." Australian Journal of Physics 44, no. 3 (1991): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910105.

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The electromagnetic self-energy of charged particles has remained a problem in classical as well as in quantum electrodynamics. In contrast here, in a review of the analysis of the chromodynamic self-energy of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), we see that the quark self-energy is a finite and a dominant effect in determining the structure of hadrons.

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2

CORNWALL, JOHN M. "ENTROPY IN QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 09 (March 21, 2012): 1230011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231230011x.

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We review the role of zero-temperature entropy in several closely-related contexts in QCD. The first is entropy associated with disordered condensates, including [Formula: see text]. The second is effective vacuum entropy arising from QCD solitons such as center vortices, yielding confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. The third is entanglement entropy, which is entropy associated with a pure state, such as the QCD vacuum, when the state is partially unobserved and unknown. Typically, entanglement entropy of an unobserved three-volume scales not with the volume but with the area of its bounding surface. The fourth manifestation of entropy in QCD is the configurational entropy of light-particle world-lines and flux tubes; we argue that this entropy is critical for understanding how confinement produces chiral symmetry breakdown, as manifested by a dynamically-massive quark, a massless pion, and a [Formula: see text] condensate.

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3

BROWER, RICHARD C., YUE SHEN, and CHUNG-I. TAN. "CHIRALLY EXTENDED QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 06, no. 05 (October 1995): 725–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183195000599.

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We propose an extended Quantum Chromodynamics (XQCD) Lagrangian in which the fermions are coupled to elementary scalar fields through a Yukawa coupling which preserves chiral invariance. Our principle motivation is to find a new lattice formulation for QCD which avoids the source of critical slowing down usually encountered as the bare quark mass is tuned to the chiral limit. The phase diagram and the weak coupling limit for XQCD are studied. They suggest a conjecture that the continuum limit of XQCD is the same as the continuum limit of conventional lattice formulation of QCD. As examples of such universality, we present the large N solutions of two prototype models for XQCD, in which the mass of the spurious pion and sigma resonance go to infinity with the cut-off. Even if the universality conjecture turns out to be false, we believe that XQCD will still be useful as a low energy effective action for QCD phenomenology on the lattice. Numerical simulations are recommended to further investigate the possible benefits of XQCD in extracting QCD predictions.

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4

BUTTERWORTH, JON M. "QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS AT COLLIDERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2006): 1792–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032769.

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QCD is the accepted (that is, the effective) theory of the strong interaction; studies at colliders are no longer designed to establish this. Such studies can now be divided into two categories. The first involves the identification of observables which can be both measured and predicted at the level of a few percent. Such studies parallel those of the electroweak sector over the past fifteen years, and deviations from expectations would be a sign of new physics. These observables provide a firm "place to stand" from which to extend our understanding. This links to the second category of study, where one deliberately moves to regions in which the usual theoretical tools fail; here new approximations in QCD are developed to increase our portfolio of understood processes, and hence our sensitivity to new physics. Recent progress in both these aspects of QCD at colliders is discussed.

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5

SHIFMAN, M. "PERSISTENT CHALLENGES OF QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 28n29 (November 20, 2006): 5695–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06034914.

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Unlike some models whose relevance to Nature is still a big question mark, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) will stay with us forever. QCD, born in 1973, is a very rich theory supposed to describe the widest range of strong interaction phenomena: from nuclear physics to Regge behavior at large E, from color confinement to quark–gluon matter at high densities/temperatures (neutron stars); the vast horizons of the hadronic world: chiral dynamics, glueballs, exotics, light and heavy quarkonia and mixtures thereof, exclusive and inclusive phenomena, interplay between strong forces and weak interactions, etc. Efforts aimed at solving the underlying theory, QCD, continue. In a remarkable entanglement, theoretical constructions of the 1970's and 1990's combine with today's ideas based on holographic description and strong–weak coupling duality, to provide new insights and a deeper understanding.

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6

Boyle, P. A., R. D. Kenway, and C. M. Maynard. "UKQCD software for lattice quantum chromodynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1897 (June 28, 2009): 2585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0057.

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Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the quantum field theory of the strong nuclear interaction and it explains how quarks and gluons are bound together to make more familiar objects such as the proton and neutron, which form the nuclei of atoms. UKQCD is a collaboration of eight UK universities that have come together to obtain and pool sufficient resources, both computational and manpower, to perform lattice QCD calculations. This paper explains how UKQCD uses and develops this software, how performance critical kernels for diverse architectures such as quantum chromodynamics-on-a-chip, BlueGene and XT4 are developed and employed and how UKQCD collaborates both internally and externally, with, for instance, the US SciDAC lattice QCD community.

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7

OEHME, REINHARD. "SINGULARITIES OF HADRONIC AMPLITUDES IN QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 16 (May 30, 1993): 1533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393001264.

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Singularities of hadronic amplitudes are discussed within the framework of QCD as formulated on the basis of the BRST algebra. Only non-perturbative QCD is considered. Local, composite fields are introduced for hadrons. Given confinement, it is shown that hadronic amplitudes have no thresholds or structure singularities (anomalous thresholds) which are directly related to the underlying quark-gluon structure. In contrast, general amplitudes of QCD must have singularities in channels with nonzero color quantum number, which can be related to unphysical states.

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8

Cahill, RT. "Hadronisation of QCD." Australian Journal of Physics 42, no. 2 (1989): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph890171.

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Functional integral calculus (FIC) methods are used to transform the meson-diquark bosonisation of quantum chromodynamics into a meson-baryon effective action description of the low energy states of QCD-the adronisation of QCD.

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9

IOFFE, B. "QCD (Quantum chromodynamics) at low energies." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 56, no. 1 (January 2006): 232–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2005.05.001.

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10

Kronfeld, Andreas S., and Chris Quigg. "Resource Letter QCD-1: Quantum chromodynamics." American Journal of Physics 78, no. 11 (November 2010): 1081–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3454865.

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11

GEHRMANN, T. "QCD: THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 06 (March 10, 2004): 851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04018828.

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I review recent theoretical advances in quantum chromodynamics. Particular emphasis is put on developments related to the precise prediction and interpretation of experimental data from present and future high energy colliders.

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12

STIRLING, W. J. "QCD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 22 (September 10, 2005): 5234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05028740.

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Quantum Chromodynamics is an established part of the Standard Model and an essential part of the toolkit for searching for new physics at high-energy colliders. I present a status report on the theory of QCD and review some of the important developments in the past year.

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13

Kapusta, Joseph. "Screening of static quantum-electrodynamic electric fields in hot quantum chromodynamics." Canadian Journal of Physics 71, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1993): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p93-039.

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The screening length for static quantum-electrodynamic electric fields in hot quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is computed using hadronic degrees of freedom at low temperature and quark-gluon degrees of freedom at high temperature. The high temperature result is equivalent to computing the photon self-energy to two-loop order in QCD plus summation of the leading infrared divergent diagrams at three-loop and higher order. Comparison is made with the screening length extracted from singlet and nonsinglet susceptibilities as measured in two-flavor lattice QCD.

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14

MILTON, KIMBALL A., and IGOR L. SOLOVTSOV. "RELATIVISTIC COULOMB RESUMMATION IN QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 34 (November 10, 2001): 2213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301005606.

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15

Catto, S., Y. Gürcan, B. Nicolescu, and E. Yu. "Effective Hadronic Supersymmetry from Quantum Chromodynamics." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.12.1096.

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A quark model with potentials derived from QCD that include antiquark-diquark model for excited hadrons leads to mass formulae in very good agreement with experiments. The approximate symmetries and supersymmetries of the hadronic spectrum are exploited including a symmetry breaking mechanism.

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16

MANASHOV, ALEXANDER. "RENORMALIZATION OF TWIST FOUR OPERATORS IN QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 35n37 (December 7, 2009): 2940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309001157.

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17

GONSALVES, RICHARD J. "PERTURBATIVE QCD AT HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 05 (May 2008): 870–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308010210.

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Selected applications of perturbative Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to predictions of the Standard Model for processes at high energy colliders are reviewed with emphasis on past successes and future problems.

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18

FERRETTI, G., S. G. RAJEEV, and Z. YANG. "THE EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN OF THREE DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 32 (December 30, 1992): 7989–8000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92003616.

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We consider the low energy limit of three dimensional quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with an even number of flavors. We show that parity is not spontaneously broken, but the global (flavor) symmetry is spontaneously broken. The low energy effective Lagrangian is a nonlinear sigma model on the Grassmannian. Some Chern-Simons terms are necessary in the Lagrangian to realize the discrete symmetries correctly. We consider also another parametrization of the low energy sector which leads to a three dimensional analogue of the Wess-Zumino-Witten-Novikov model. Since three dimensional QCD is believed to be a model for quantum antiferromagnetism, our effective Lagrangian can describe their long wavelength excitations (spin waves).

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19

SARADZHEV, FUAD M. "QCD2 AS THE THEORY OF MATTER FIELDS IN A CHIRAL BACKGROUND." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 17 (October 20, 1989): 4593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001965.

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20

Brodsky, Stanley J., and Robert Shrock. "Condensates in quantum chromodynamics and the cosmological constant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 1 (December 15, 2010): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010113107.

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Casher and Susskind [Casher A, Susskind L (1974) Phys Rev 9:436–460] have noted that in the light-front description, spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is a property of hadronic wavefunctions and not of the vacuum. Here we show from several physical perspectives that, because of color confinement, quark and gluon condensates in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are associated with the internal dynamics of hadrons. We discuss condensates using condensed matter analogues, the Anti de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, and the Bethe–Salpeter–Dyson–Schwinger approach for bound states. Our analysis is in agreement with the Casher and Susskind model and the explicit demonstration of “in-hadron” condensates by Roberts and coworkers [Maris P, Roberts CD, Tandy PC (1998) Phys Lett B 420:267–273], using the Bethe–Salpeter–Dyson–Schwinger formalism for QCD-bound states. These results imply that QCD condensates give zero contribution to the cosmological constant, because all of the gravitational effects of the in-hadron condensates are already included in the normal contribution from hadron masses.

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21

Vovchenko, Volodymyr. "Hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interactions." International Journal of Modern Physics E 29, no. 05 (May 2020): 2040002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301320400029.

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An overview of a hadron resonance gas (HRG) model that includes van der Waals (vdW) interactions between hadrons is presented. Applications of the excluded volume HRG model to heavy-ion collision data and lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) equation of state are discussed. A recently developed quantum vdW HRG model is covered as well. Applications of this model in the context of the QCD critical point are elaborated.

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22

Creutz, Michael. "QCD beyond diagrams." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 21 (July 30, 2021): 2130012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x2130012x.

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Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of the strong interactions, involves quarks interacting with non-Abelian gluon fields. This theory has many features that are difficult to impossible to see in conventional diagrammatic perturbation theory. This includes quark confinement, mass generation and chiral symmetry breaking. This paper is a colloquium level overview of the framework for understanding how these effects come about.

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23

Abdel-Rehim, A. M., and R. Lewis. "The pion form factor from twisted-mass lattice quantum chromodynamics." Canadian Journal of Physics 84, no. 6-7 (January 15, 2006): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p06-029.

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The pion form factor offers insight into the transition from perturbative to nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and is of current experimental interest. Twisted-mass lattice QCD is a method for eliminating unphysical zero modes from Wilson lattice simulations; it also allows for removal of the leading lattice spacing artifacts through a momentum-averaging prescription. In our study of the pion form factor, we performed the first explicit computation with momentum averaging in twisted-mass lattice QCD, and the first use of the GMRES-DR algorithm for twisted fermion matrix inversion.PACS No.: 12.38.Gc

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24

Bietenholz, Wolfgang. "Hadron physics from lattice QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 07 (July 2016): 1642008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316420088.

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We sketch the basic ideas of the lattice regularization in Quantum Field Theory, the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations, and applications to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This approach enables the numerical measurement of observables at the non-perturbative level. We comment on selected results, with a focus on hadron masses and the link to Chiral Perturbation Theory. At last, we address two outstanding issues: topological freezing and the sign problem.

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25

Acharya, S., D. Adamova, A. Adler, J. Adolfsson, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, et al. "Direct observation of the dead-cone effect in quantum chromodynamics." Nature 605, no. 7910 (May 18, 2022): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04572-w.

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AbstractIn particle collider experiments, elementary particle interactions with large momentum transfer produce quarks and gluons (known as partons) whose evolution is governed by the strong force, as described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)1. These partons subsequently emit further partons in a process that can be described as a parton shower2, which culminates in the formation of detectable hadrons. Studying the pattern of the parton shower is one of the key experimental tools for testing QCD. This pattern is expected to depend on the mass of the initiating parton, through a phenomenon known as the dead-cone effect, which predicts a suppression of the gluon spectrum emitted by a heavy quark of mass mQ and energy E, within a cone of angular size mQ/E around the emitter3. Previously, a direct observation of the dead-cone effect in QCD had not been possible, owing to the challenge of reconstructing the cascading quarks and gluons from the experimentally accessible hadrons. We report the direct observation of the QCD dead cone by using new iterative declustering techniques4,5 to reconstruct the parton shower of charm quarks. This result confirms a fundamental feature of QCD. Furthermore, the measurement of a dead-cone angle constitutes a direct experimental observation of the non-zero mass of the charm quark, which is a fundamental constant in the standard model of particle physics.

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26

Forghan, B., and M. R. Tanhayi. "Krein regularization of quantum chromodynamics." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 26 (August 13, 2015): 1550126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501266.

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In this paper, we use Krein regularization to study certain standard computations in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this method, the auxiliary modes[Formula: see text]— those with negative norms[Formula: see text]— are employed to calculate the quark self-energy, vacuum polarizations and vertex functions. We explicitly show that after making use of these modes and by taking into account the quantum metric fluctuation for the problems at hand, the conventional results can indeed be reproduced; but with the advantage of finite answers which require fewer mathematical procedures. An obvious merit of this approach is that the theory is naturally renormalized. The ultraviolet (UV) divergences disappear due to the presence of negative norm state, similar to the Pauli–Villars regularization method. We compare the answers of Krein regularization with the results of calculations which have been done in Hilbert space.

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27

Valkárová, Alice. "Factorization breaking in diffraction." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 08 (March 18, 2015): 1542001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15420014.

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The measurements of diffractive dijet and open charm electron–proton cross-sections in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and photoproduction at HERA are discussed with an emphasis on possible quantum chromodynamics (QCD) factorization breaking.

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28

Velizhanin, V. N. "Generalised double-logarithmic equation in QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 38 (December 14, 2017): 1750213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317502133.

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We present a generalisation of the double-logarithmic equation for the anomalous dimension of the non-singlet unpolarised twist-2 operators in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Using the known three-loop result, this generalisation allows to predict a small x expansion of the four-loop non-singlet splitting functions in QCD for all powers of logarithms up to the single-logarithm term.

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29

Abada, A., K. Bouakaz, and O. Azi. "Infrared behaviour of high-temperature quantum chromodynamics (QCD)." Physica Scripta 74, no. 1 (June 22, 2006): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/74/1/011.

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30

Cui, Chuan-Xin, Jin-Yang Li, Hiroyuki Ishida, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Shinya Matsuzaki, and Akio Tomiya. "New Indication from Quantum Chromodynamics Calling for beyond the Standard Model." Universe 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10020068.

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We find that a big gap between indicators for the breaking strengths of the global chiral SU(2) and U(1) axial symmetries in the QCD of the standard model (SM) can be interpreted as a new fine-tuning problem. This may thus imply calling for a class beyond the SM, which turns out to favor having a new chiral symmetry, and the associated massless new quark is insensitive to the chiral SU(2) symmetry for the lightest up and down quarks so that the fine-tuning is relaxed. Our statistical estimate shows that QCD of the SM is by more than 300 standard deviations off the parameter space free from fine-tuning, and the significance will be greater as the lattice measurements on the QCD hadron observables become more accurate. We briefly address a dark QCD model with massless new quarks as one viable candidate.

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31

FRASCA, MARCO. "INFRARED QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 03 (March 2009): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012781.

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We prove that Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is an exact description of infrared Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) deriving it from QCD Lagrangian. The model we obtain is renormalizable and confining but, taking very small momenta fixes completely all the parameters of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model through those of QCD. The choice of the infrared propagator is done consistently with recent numerical results from lattice and Dyson–Schwinger equations for Yang–Mills theory. The model we get coincides, once the ultraviolet contribution is removed, with the one proposed by Langfeld, Kettner and Reinhardt [Nucl. Phys. A608 (1996) 331].

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Münster, Gernot, and Raimar Wulkenhaar. "The Leutwyler–Smilga relation on the lattice." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 01 (September 23, 2019): 1950346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319503462.

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According to the Leutwyler–Smilga relation, in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the topological susceptibility vanishes linearly with the quark masses. Calculations of the topological susceptibility in the context of lattice QCD, extrapolated to zero quark masses, show a remnant nonzero value as a lattice artefact. Employing the Atiyah–Singer theorem in the framework of Symanzik’s effective action and chiral perturbation theory, we show the validity of the Leutwyler–Smilga relation in lattice QCD with lattice artefacts of order a2 in the lattice spacing a.

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33

NI, GUANG-JIONG, GUO-HONG YANG, RONG-TANG FU, and HAIBIN WANG. "RUNNING COUPLING CONSTANTS OF FERMIONS WITH MASSES IN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS AND QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 16 (June 30, 2001): 2873–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01001756.

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Based on a simple but effective regularization-renormalization method (RRM), the running coupling constants (RCC) of fermions with masses in quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are calculated by renormalization group equation (RGE). Starting at Q=0 (Q being the momentum transfer), the RCC in QED increases with the increase of Q whereas the RCCs for different flavors of quarks with masses in QCD are different and they increase with the decrease of Q to reach a maximum at low Q for each flavor of quark and then decreases to zero at Q→0. Thus a constraint on the mass of light quarks, the hadronization energy scale of quark–antiquark pairs are derived.

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BERNARD, CLAUDE, THOMAS A. DEGRAND, CARLETON DETAR, STEVEN GOTTLIEB, A. KRASNITZ, MICHAEL C. OGILVIE, R. L. SUGAR, and D. TOUSSAINT. "QCD ON THE iPSC/860." International Journal of Modern Physics C 03, no. 01 (February 1992): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183192000038.

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Performance of the Intel iPSC/860 parallel processor for Quantum Chromodynamics codes with dynamical fermions is described. After reviewing the hardware and software environments provided by the manufacturer, the data structures appropriate for the QCD code are described. Techniques for maximum performance are briefly discussed. We achieve a speed of 10–15 Mŕlops per node depending upon how many lattice sites are located on each node.

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HIROSKY, R. "QCD AT COLLIDERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 06 (March 10, 2004): 864–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0401883x.

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The success of the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in describing processes controlled by the strong interaction is generally seen as a triumph of modern particle physics. This paper reviews recent QCD measurements using hadronic jet final states from the Fermilab Tevatron, DESY's HERA, and CERN's LEP colliders. Recent advancements in the measurements of jet production cross sections, events shapes, and energy flow, along with improved theoretical calculations, allow for new levels of precision in the study of the physics of strong interactions and point to areas in need of further refinement.

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36

Stamatescu, I. O. "MONTE CARLO CALCULATIONS FOR QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS USING A MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTER." International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, no. 02 (April 1994): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183194000568.

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37

GONÇALVES, V. P., and M. V. T. MACHADO. "PARTON SATURATION APPROACH IN HEAVY QUARK PRODUCTION AT HIGH ENERGIES." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 34 (November 10, 2004): 2525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304015816.

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The high parton density regime of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD), where the physics of parton saturation is expected to be dominant, is briefly discussed. Some phenomenological aspects of saturation are described, mainly focusing on possible signatures of the nonlinear QCD dynamics in the heavy quark production in electron–proton/nucleus collisions. Implications of these effects in the heavy quark production in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions are also presented.

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38

LUO, LIU-JUN, SONG SHI, and HONG-SHI ZONG. "THE STUDY OF QCD PHASE TRANSITION AT FINITE TEMPERATURE AND CHIRAL CHEMICAL POTENTIAL IN A DYSON–SCHWINGER EQUATION MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 23 (July 26, 2013): 1350105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501058.

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In this paper, we use a separable gluon propagator model to study the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition at finite temperature and chiral chemical potential. Using this model, we calculate the quark condensate and the chiral susceptibility at finite temperature and chiral chemical potential both in the chiral limit and at finite current quark mass. Based on these, we obtain the QCD phase diagram in the μ5-T plane.

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39

Ilten, Philip. "Probing QCD with LHCb." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 21 (July 29, 2021): 2130011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21300118.

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While the LHCb detector was specifically designed for measuring heavy-flavor physics, it has also proven itself as a forward general purpose detector with flexible data acquisition, excellent lifetime resolution and charged particle identification. This makes LHCb an ideal laboratory for exploring phenomena related to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), particularly with heavy-flavor content. This review explores some of the novel QCD measurements from LHCb, with an emphasis placed on comparisons to predictions from the Pythia 8 Monte Carlo event generator.

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Shen, Chun. "Dynamic modeling for heavy-ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225902001.

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Recent theory progress in (3+1)D dynamical descriptions of relativistic nuclear collisions at finite baryon density are reviewed. Heavy-ion collisions at different collision energies produce strongly coupled nuclear matter to probe the phase structure of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Dynamical frameworks serve as a quantitative tool to study properties of hot QCD matter and map collisions to the QCD phase diagram. Outstanding challenges are highlighted when confronting theoretical models with the current and forthcoming experimental measurements from the RHIC beam energy scan program.

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Ding, Minghui, Craig D. Roberts, and Sebastian M. Schmidt. "Emergence of Hadron Mass and Structure." Particles 6, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 57–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles6010004.

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Visible matter is characterised by a single mass scale; namely, the proton mass. The proton’s existence and structure are supposed to be described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD); yet, absent Higgs boson couplings, chromodynamics is scale-invariant. Thus, if the Standard Model is truly a part of the theory of Nature, then the proton mass is an emergent feature of QCD; and emergent hadron mass (EHM) must provide the basic link between theory and observation. Nonperturbative tools are necessary if such connections are to be made; and in this context, we sketch recent progress in the application of continuum Schwinger function methods to an array of related problems in hadron and particle physics. Special emphasis is given to the three pillars of EHM—namely, the running gluon mass, process-independent effective charge, and running quark mass; their role in stabilising QCD; and their measurable expressions in a diverse array of observables.

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42

SRIVASTAVA, Y. N., O. PANELLA, and A. WIDOM. "INSTABILITY OF THE PERTURBATION THEORETICAL CHROMODYNAMIC VACUUM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 06 (March 10, 2009): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043080.

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The standard model of strong interactions invokes the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) of quarks and gluons interacting within a fluid. At sufficiently small length scales, the effective interactions between the color charged particles within the fluid are thought to be weak. Short distance asymptotic freedom provides the perturbation theory basis for comparisons between QCD theory and laboratory high energy scattering experiments. It is here shown that the asymptotically free vacuum has negative dissipation implicit in the color electrical conductivity. Negative dissipation implies an asymptotically free QCD negative temperature excited state amplifier unstable to decay. The qualitative experimental implications of this instability are explored.

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Luo, M. J. "Quark–gluon plasma and topological quantum field theory." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 10 (March 27, 2017): 1750056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500560.

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Based on an analogy with topologically ordered new state of matter in condensed matter systems, we propose a low energy effective field theory for a parity conserving liquid-like quark–gluon plasma (QGP) around critical temperature in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) system. It shows that below a QCD gap which is expected several times of the critical temperature, the QGP behaves like topological fluid. Many exotic phenomena of QGP near the critical temperature discovered at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision (RHIC) are more readily understood by the suggestion that QGP is a topologically ordered state.

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44

Rana, J. M. S., H. C. Chandola, and B. S. Rajput. "The quark confinement in extended gauge theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-213.

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To investigate the possible physical implications of the topological structure of non-Abelian dyons in connection with the issue of quark confinement in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), extended gauge theory is formulated in SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups from the corresponding restricted chromodynamics (RCD) by reactivating the suppressed dynamical degrees of freedom and constructing the gauge potential in terms of the binding gluons (the RCD piece) and the valence gluons (the reactivated piece). It is shown that in this extended QCD, the confinement mechanism of the corresponding RCD remains intact. The physical spectrum contains color-singlet generalized electric glueballs made of valence gluon pairs as well as the generalized magnetic glueballs as massive collective modes of the condensed vacuum.

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45

Davoudi, Zohreh. "Lattice QCD input for nuclear structure and reactions." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817501022.

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Explorations of the properties of light nuclear systems beyond their lowestlying spectra have begun with Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics. While progress has been made in the past year in pursuing calculations with physical quark masses, studies of the simplest nuclear matrix elements and nuclear reactions at heavier quark masses have been conducted, and several interesting results have been obtained. A community effort has been devoted to investigate the impact of such Quantum Chromodynamics input on the nuclear many-body calculations. Systems involving hyperons and their interactions have been the focus of intense investigations in the field, with new results and deeper insights emerging. While the validity of some of the previous multi-nucleon studies has been questioned during the past year, controversy remains as whether such concerns are relevant to a given result. In an effort to summarize the newest developments in the field, this talk will touch on most of these topics.

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Güijosa, Alberto. "QCD, with strings attached." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 10 (October 2016): 1630006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131630006x.

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In the nearly 20 years that have elapsed since its discovery, the gauge-gravity correspondence has become established as an efficient tool to explore the physics of a large class of strongly-coupled field theories. A brief overview is given here of its formulation and a few of its applications, emphasizing attempts to emulate aspects of the strong-coupling regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). To the extent possible, the presentation is self-contained, and does not presuppose knowledge of string theory.

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Vergados, J. D., and D. Strottman. "Symmetries in subatomic multi-quark systems." International Journal of Modern Physics E 27, no. 12 (December 2018): 1840003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301318400037.

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We discus the role of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in low energy phenomena involving the color-spin symmetry of the quark model. We then combine it with orbital and isospin symmetry to obtain wave functions with the proper permutation symmetry, focusing on multi-quark systems.

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Joó, Bálint, and Mike A. Clark. "Lattice QCD on GPU clusters, using the QUDA library and the Chroma software system." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 26, no. 4 (January 16, 2012): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342011429695.

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The QUDA library for optimized lattice quantum chromodynamics using GPUs, combined with a high-level application framework such as the Chroma software system, provides a powerful tool for computing quark propagators, a key step in current calculations of hadron spectroscopy, nuclear structure, and nuclear forces. In this contribution we discuss our experiences, including performance and strong scaling of the QUDA library and Chroma on the Edge Cluster at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and on various clusters at Jefferson Lab. We highlight some scientific successes and consider future directions for graphics processing units in lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations.

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49

FENG, HONG-TAO, LEI CHANG, WEI-MIN SUN, HONG-SHI ZONG, and YU-XIN LIU. "THE BEHAVIOR OF THE GAUGE-BOSON PROPAGATOR IN THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF QED3." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 28n29 (November 20, 2006): 6003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032988.

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As a toy model of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), we investigate the influence of the vacuum polarization on the photon propagator, in massless quantum electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions (QED3), using the coupled Dyson–Schwinger equations for the fermion and photon propagators with a range of fermion–photon vertices. It is found that the form of the photon propagators in the Nambu–Goldstone and Wigner phases exhibit distinctly different behaviors and it is expected that similar things happen in QCD. Hence in the phenomenological application of QCD one should choose different forms of gluon propagator as input to solve the quark self-energy functions in the two different phases, especially in the study of QCD phase transitions. In addition, employing these results, we discuss the causation of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) in QED3 and compare it with that in QCD.

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Miller, Gerald A. "Color Transparency and Light-Front Holographic QCD." Physics 4, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics4020039.

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Color transparency, the reduction of initial-state or final-state interactions in coherent nuclear processes, is a natural prediction of QCD (quantum chromodynamics) provided that small-sized or point-like configurations (PLCs) are formed in high-momentum transfer, high-energy, semi-exclusive processes. I use the Frankfurt-Miller-Strikman criteria for the existence of PLCs to show that the wave functions of light-front holographic QCD, as currently formulated, do not contain a PLC.

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