Journal articles: 'Quantum communication systems'

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A., U. Aktayeva* N. G. Galiyeva O. A. Baimuratov A. S. Baikenov. "QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES: SIMULATION OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 6 (2016): 608–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55630.

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The paper discusses the importance of information resources requiring reliable methods of unauthorized access protection in the modern information-oriented society. The article describes the structure and basic principles of the quantum cryptography technology based on properties of quantum systems. Quantum information is a physical quantity characterizing changes occurring in the system during interaction between the information flow and the external environment. It offers a method for improving data security and confidential information protection using quantum teleportation within infrared laser communication channels. The theoretical development was implemented experimentally by the authors using the unit for laser communications.

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Shkorkina, E. N., and E. B. Aleksandrova. "Securing Post-Quantum Resistance for Quantum-Protected Communication Systems." Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 54, no. 8 (2020): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0146411620080301.

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Mumtaz, Shahid, and Mohsen Guizani. "An overview of quantum computing and quantum communication systems." IET Quantum Communication 2, no. 3 (2021): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/qtc2.12021.

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Ban, Masashi. "Symmetric and asymmetric quantum channels in quantum communication systems." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 38, no. 16 (2005): 3595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/38/16/009.

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Ankita Kamat. "Quantum Communication Technologies for Future Distributed Notification Systems." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 2 (2025): 198–207. https://doi.org/10.32628/cseit25112352.

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This comprehensive article explores the transformative potential of quantum communication technologies in revolutionizing distributed notification systems. The article examines the fundamental principles of quantum communication, including quantum key distribution and entanglement-based messaging, addressing their application in secure notification delivery. The article encompasses the limitations of classical systems while highlighting quantum advantages in security, efficiency, and reliability. Through detailed analysis of implementation challenges, technical solutions, and industry-specific applications across defense, healthcare, and financial sectors, the article provides insights into practical deployment strategies. The article also outlines a clear roadmap for adoption, from immediate implementation goals to long-term vision, while identifying crucial areas for future research and development in quantum network architecture and protocols.

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Sharma, Vishal. "Effect of Noise on Practical Quantum Communication Systems." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 2 (2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.9771.

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Entanglement is an important resource for various applications of quantum computation. Another important endeavor is to establish the role of entanglement in practical implementation where system of interest is affected by various kinds of noisy channels. Here, a single classical bit is used to send information under the influence of a noisy quantum channel. The entanglement content of quantum states is computed under noisy channels such as amplitude damping, phase damping, squeesed generalised amplitude damping, Pauli channels and various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution.

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Commissariat, Tushna. "The key to our quantum future." Physics World 34, no. 12 (2021): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/34/12/37.

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Safeguarding our communications data and infrastructures will become a much harder task in a quantum-enabled future. KETS Quantum Security chief executive Chris Erven talks to Tushna Commissariat about how integrating quantum-based systems into existing communication is key.

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XU Jiaxin, XU Lechen, LIU Jingyang, DING Huajian, and WANG Qin. "Research Progress on Artificial Intelligence Empowered Quantum Communication and Quantum Sensing Systems." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 12 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250322.

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Quantum communication and quantum sensing, which leverage the unique characteristics of quantum systems, enable information-theoretically secure communication and high-precision measurement of physical quantities. They have attracted significant attention in recent research. However, they both face numerous challenges on the path to practical application. For instance, device imperfections may lead to security vulnerability, and environmental noise may significantly reduce measurement accuracy. Traditional solutions often involve high computational complexity, long processing times, and substantial hardware resource requirements, posing major obstacles to the large-scale deployment of quantum communication and quantum sensing networks. Artificial intelligence (AI), as a major technological advancement in current scientific landscape, offers powerful data processing and analytical capabilities, providing new ideas and methods for optimizing and enhancing quantum communication and sensing systems. Significant progresses have been made in applying AI to quantum communication and sensing, injecting new vitality into these cutting-edge technologies. In quantum communication, AI techniques have greatly improved the performance and security of quantum key distribution, quantum memory, and quantum networks through parameter optimization, real-time feedback control, and attack detection. In quantum sensing, quantum sensing technology enables ultra-high sensitivity detection of physical quantities such as time and magnetic fields. The introduction of AI has opened up new avenues for achieving highprecision and high-sensitivity quantum measurements. With AI, sensor performance is optimized, and measurement accuracy is further enhanced through data analysis. This paper also analyzes the current challenges in applying AI to empower quantum communication and sensing systems, such as implementing efficient algorithm deployment and system feedback control under limited computational resources, and addressing complex task environments, dynamically changing scenarios, and multi-task coordination requirements. Finally, the paper discusses and envisions future development prospects in this field.

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Müller, Bernd. "Classification and Construction of Quantum Communication Systems." Communications in Mathematical Physics 191, no. 1 (1998): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050258.

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Bharathi Guvvala. "VLSI Technology: Revolutionizing Modern Communication Systems." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 1 (2025): 2386–92. https://doi.org/10.32628/cseit251112169.

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This comprehensive article explores the transformative impact of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology on modern communication systems, examining its evolution, innovations, and future challenges. The article delves into how VLSI has revolutionized communication devices through miniaturization, integration density improvements, and power efficiency optimization. It investigates the crucial role of VLSI in enabling advanced mobile communications, network infrastructure, satellite systems, IoT devices, and next-generation wireless networks. The article analyzes the significant developments in signal processing and protocol implementation, highlighting how VLSI architectures have enabled sophisticated modulation techniques, error correction mechanisms, and real-time processing capabilities. Furthermore, it examines the semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem's evolution and its impact on communication technology advancement. The article also addresses emerging technologies like quantum computing and next-generation wireless networks, discussing technical challenges and potential solutions in VLSI communications. This article demonstrates how VLSI technology continues to be fundamental in shaping the future of communication systems, enabling unprecedented levels of connectivity and processing capabilities.

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Boev A. A., Vorobey S. S., Kazantsev S. Y., et al. "Possibility of creating a modular system for quantum key distribution in the atmosphere." Technical Physics Letters 48, no. 8 (2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.08.55051.19192.

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The possibility of quantum key distribution in the atmosphere has been experimentally demonstrated by coupling commercially available quantum key distribution units designed for fiber-optic communication lines with atmospheric optical communication terminals. For distances up to 3100 m, data on losses in a quantum channel on an optical path were obtained and the influence of systems for intelligent adjustment of atmospheric communication terminals on the synchronization system of quantum communication blocks was studied. It has been established that failures of synchronization systems in the case of quantum key distribution in the atmosphere at distances greater than 10 m are due to the peculiarities of the algorithm implemented in the quantum communication unit. Keywords: quantum key distribution, atmospheric optical communication lines, FSO, decoy-state BB84 protocol, polarization coding.

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Granelli, Fabrizio, Riccardo Bassoli, Janis Nötzel, Frank H. P. Fitzek, Holger Boche, and Nelson L. S. da Fonseca. "A Novel Architecture for Future Classical-Quantum Communication Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3770994.

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The standardisation of 5G is reaching its end, and the networks have started being deployed. Thus, 6G architecture is under study and design, to define the characteristics and the guidelines for its standardisation. In parallel, communications based on quantum-mechanical principles, named quantum communications, are under design and standardisation, leading to the so-called quantum internet. Nevertheless, these research and standardisation efforts are proceeding in parallel, without any significant interaction. Thus, it is essential to discuss an architecture and the possible protocol stack for classical-quantum communication networks, allowing for an effective integration between quantum and classical networks. The main scope of this paper is to provide a joint architecture for quantum-classical communication networks, considering the very recent advancements in the architectural design of 6G and the quantum internet, also defining guidelines and characteristics, which can be helpful for the ongoing standardisation efforts. For this purpose, the article discusses some of the existing main standardisation processes in classical communications and proposed protocol stacks for quantum communications. This aims at highlighting the potential points of connection and the differences that may imply future incompatible developments. The standardisation efforts on the quantum internet cannot overlook the experience gained and the existing standardisation, allowing the creation of frameworks in the classical communication context.

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Granelli, Fabrizio, Riccardo Bassoli, Janis Nötzel, Frank H. P. Fitzek, Holger Boche, and Nelson L. S. da Fonseca. "A Novel Architecture for Future Classical-Quantum Communication Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3770994.

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The standardisation of 5G is reaching its end, and the networks have started being deployed. Thus, 6G architecture is under study and design, to define the characteristics and the guidelines for its standardisation. In parallel, communications based on quantum-mechanical principles, named quantum communications, are under design and standardisation, leading to the so-called quantum internet. Nevertheless, these research and standardisation efforts are proceeding in parallel, without any significant interaction. Thus, it is essential to discuss an architecture and the possible protocol stack for classical-quantum communication networks, allowing for an effective integration between quantum and classical networks. The main scope of this paper is to provide a joint architecture for quantum-classical communication networks, considering the very recent advancements in the architectural design of 6G and the quantum internet, also defining guidelines and characteristics, which can be helpful for the ongoing standardisation efforts. For this purpose, the article discusses some of the existing main standardisation processes in classical communications and proposed protocol stacks for quantum communications. This aims at highlighting the potential points of connection and the differences that may imply future incompatible developments. The standardisation efforts on the quantum internet cannot overlook the experience gained and the existing standardisation, allowing the creation of frameworks in the classical communication context.

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Боев, А. А., С. С. Воробей, С. Ю. Казанцев та ін. "Возможность построения модульной системы квантового распределения ключей в атмосфере". Письма в журнал технической физики 48, № 15 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2022.15.53125.19192.

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The possibility of quantum key distribution in the atmosphere has been experimentally demonstrated by coupling commercially available quantum key distribution units designed for fiber-optic communication lines with atmospheric optical communication terminals. For distances up to 3100m, data on losses in a quantum channel on an optical path were obtained and the influence of systems for intelligent adjustment of atmospheric communication terminals on the synchronization system of quantum communication blocks was studied. It has been established that failures of synchronization systems in the case of quantum key distribution in the atmosphere at distances greater than 10m are due to the peculiarities of the algorithm implemented in the quantum communication unit.

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BRUKNER, ČASLAV, TOMASZ PATEREK, and MAREK ŻUKOWSKI. "QUANTUM COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY PROTOCOLS BASED ON HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL ENTANGLED SYSTEMS." International Journal of Quantum Information 01, no. 04 (2003): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749903000395.

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We introduce new communication complexity problems whose quantum solution exploits entanglement between higher-dimensional systems. We show that the quantum solution is more efficient than the broad class of classical ones. The difference between the efficiencies for the quantum and classical protocols grows with the dimensionality of the entangled systems.

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Ryabtsev, I. I., S. P. Yurkevichyus, and A. E. Gritsenko. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CREATION OF QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 1(29) (July 1, 2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-1-27-33.

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Scientific and technological problems and prospects for creating quantum communication systems are herein outlined. A brief analysis of the state of scientific research in this area abroad is carried out. The strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of quantum information processing technology are reflected.

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Vera Estrada, Christian. "Aplicación de Ciberseguridad cuántica en la seguridad de puertos de comunicación de la IoT." Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL 36, no. 2 (2024): 135–57. https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v36n2.1188.

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Quantum cryptography, grounded in principles of quantum mechanics such as superposition and quantum entanglement, represents a significant advancement in enhancing communications security. Methods like Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offer encryption that is theoretically unbreakable, providing robust protection against cyber threats. However, the advent of quantum computing introduces challenges for conventional cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA and demands the development of new encryption strategies, including post-quantum methods. Integrating quantum encryption into the Internet of Things (IoT) promises to significantly enhance security levels. However, it is crucial to adapt these methods to the limitations of devices with restricted resources. As quantum computing advances, its role in data and communication protection will be crucial, though implementing these systems will face challenges related to cost and complexity. In the realm of industrial communications, selecting the appropriate protocol is essential for the efficient integration and operation of automated systems. Common industrial protocols, such as AMQP, CoAP, DDS, HTTP, MQTT, OPC, and XMPP, exhibit significant variations in aspects such as communication types, security, latency, resource usage, and reliability. Each protocol presents specific challenges, including security vulnerabilities and issues related to latency or resource usage, affecting its suitability for real-time and critical applications.

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Cavaliere, Fabio, Enrico Prati, Luca Poti, Imran Muhammad, and Tommaso Catuogno. "Secure Quantum Communication Technologies and Systems: From Labs to Markets." Quantum Reports 2, no. 1 (2020): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum2010007.

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We provide a broad overview of current quantum communication by analyzing the recent discoveries on the topic and by identifying the potential bottlenecks requiring further investigation. The analysis follows an industrial perspective, first identifying the state or the art in terms of protocols, systems, and devices for quantum communication. Next, we classify the applicative fields where short- and medium-term impact is expected by emphasizing the potential and challenges of different approaches. The direction and the methodology with which the scientific community is proceeding are discussed. Finally, with reference to the European guidelines within the Quantum Flagship initiative, we suggest a roadmap to match the effort community-wise, with the objective of maximizing the impact that quantum communication may have on our society.

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Patra, Ram Krishna, Sahil Gopalkrishna Naik, Edwin Peter Lobo, et al. "Classical analogue of quantum superdense coding and communication advantage of a single quantum system." Quantum 8 (April 9, 2024): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-04-09-1315.

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We analyze utility of communication channels in absence of any short of quantum or classical correlation shared between the sender and the receiver. To this aim, we propose a class of two-party communication games, and show that the games cannot be won given a noiseless 1-bit classical channel from the sender to the receiver. Interestingly, the goal can be perfectly achieved if the channel is assisted with classical shared randomness. This resembles an advantage similar to the quantum superdense coding phenomenon where pre-shared entanglement can enhance the communication utility of a perfect quantum communication line. Quite surprisingly, we show that a qubit communication without any assistance of classical shared randomness can achieve the goal, and hence establishes a novel quantum advantage in the simplest communication scenario. In pursuit of a deeper origin of this advantage, we show that an advantageous quantum strategy must invoke quantum interference both at the encoding step by the sender and at the decoding step by the receiver. We also study communication utility of a class of non-classical toy systems described by symmetric polygonal state spaces. We come up with communication tasks that can be achieved neither with 1-bit of classical communication nor by communicating a polygon system, whereas 1-qubit communication yields a perfect strategy, establishing quantum advantage over them. To this end, we show that the quantum advantages are robust against imperfect encodings-decodings, making the protocols implementable with presently available quantum technologies.

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Aljohani, Abeer. "Zero-Trust Architecture: Implementing and Evaluating Security Measures in Modern Enterprise Networks." SHIFRA 2023 (July 20, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.70470/shifra/2023/008.

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Using the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum cryptography provides unprecedented security for communication. But as systems that contain sensitive information such as credit card numbers, email addresses, and names are evolving, it’s important to send or store this data to maintain security and privacy in places where security even in quantum to ensure that not only actual quantum communications, but also systems of these are protected There is also the challenge of protecting sensitive personal information that may be exchanged. In this paper, we tackle the challenge of properly anonymizing sensitive data in quantum cryptographic systems, in order to prevent its exposure, especially for scenarios where there is a risk of data harvesting or breach role. To overcome this problem, we used Presidio, a sophisticated tool for identifying sensitive and anonymous information, and were able to create a list of these data items by applying information to sample text with information a provides (Much) identification including name, credit card number, and email address (Anonymized_Name, Anonymized_Credit_Card, And Email Details). The results show that it is possible to efficiently anonymize private information without affecting communication integrity, adding additional security to quantum cryptographic systems. Our research concludes that Presidio provides a reliable means of protecting data privacy, reducing the likelihood of identity theft and data breaches. Although successful, this approach highlights the importance of sophisticated anonymization techniques in hybrid cryptography systems, and scaling issues but the findings of this study highlight how need to integrate anonymization technology with flexible communication management systems to improve security and compliance.

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Watanabe, Noboru. "An Entropy Based Treatment of Gaussian Communication Process for General Quantum Systems." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 20, no. 03 (2013): 1340009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s123016121340009x.

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The quantum entropy introduced by von Neumann around 1932 describes the amount of information of the quantum state itself. It was extended by Ohya for C*-systems before Conne-Narnhoffer-Thirring (CNT) entropy. The quantum relative entropy was first defined by Umegaki for σ-finite von Neumann algebras and it was subsequently extended by Araki and Uhlmann for general von Neumann algebras and *-algebras, respectively. By introducing a new notion, the so-called compound state, in 1983 Ohya succeeded to construct the mutual entropy in a complete quantum mechanical system (i.e., input state, output state and channel are all quantum mechanical) describing the amount of information correctly transmitted through the quantum channel. In this paper, we briefly review Ohya's S-mixing entropy and the quantum mutual entropy for general quantum systems. Based on a concept of structure equivalent, we apply the general framework of quantum communication to the Gaussian communication processes.

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Jyoti, Jain, Sharma Jeevansh, Goel Charvi, and Raza Danish. "Quantum Technology in 6g." Advancement of Signal Processing and its Applications 7, no. 3 (2024): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13933457.

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The need for ultra-reliable, fast, low-power, and secure communication has increased dramatically in recent years due to the rapidly evolving technological landscape. The promise of upcoming quantum computing (QC) to solve computer complexity in a reliable and effective way has piqued researchers' intense curiosity. It is anticipated that QC will play a pivotal role as potent enablers and catalysts to significantly lower computing complexity and improve the security of sixth generation (6G) and beyond communication systems in the future. The foundations of quantum communication (QC), which has evolved to incorporate a wide range of technologies and applications, and quantum key distribution (QD), one of the most promising uses of quantum security, have all been covered in this paper. In addition, several factors and significant methodologies are also examined to maximize 6G communication performance concerning security, computation, and communication effectiveness. Finally, future prospects and possible obstacles for quantum communication and quality control in 6G have been outlined.

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Erokhin, Kirill Yu, Sergey Yu Kazantsev, Tatiana V. Kazieva, Yuriy B. Mironov, and Natalia V. Pchelkina. "Applicability of quantum key distribution technology under free-space atmospheric conditions to construct segments of modern quantum communication networks." Journal of Optical Technology 91, no. 11 (2024): 749. https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.91.000749.

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Subject of study. This study examined the applicability of quantum key distribution (QKD) technology under free-space atmospheric conditions. Aim of study. The objective was the development of a hardware and software system for investigating the applicability of QKD technology in wireless communication systems based on commercially available modules. The system includes optical blocks for atmospheric optical communication and a training setup for studying QKD in fiber-optic communication lines. Method. The characteristics of a quantum communication channel in free-space conditions were studied through experiments. The channel was formed by the QKD units of the EMQOS 1.0 scientific and educational complex, integrated with optical blocks for atmospheric optical communication. The systems were also upgraded to minimize losses in the quantum channel. Main results. A hardware and software system was developed, within which the transmission of a quantum key through free-space atmospheric conditions over a distance of 180 m was successfully demonstrated. The quantum bit error rate did not exceed 6%. This system enabled the study of the effects of weather conditions on optical losses in the quantum communication channel and the quantum key generation rate. Practical significance. The developed hardware and software system allows the monitoring of the parameters of both classical and quantum communication channels in free space under various weather conditions. Its modular structure enables the integration of other quantum equipment for comparative testing of the performance of quantum communication systems under real atmospheric transmission conditions.

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VIDAL, G., M. S. BAPTISTA, and H. MANCINI. "FUNDAMENTALS OF A CLASSICAL CHAOS-BASED CRYPTOSYSTEM WITH SOME QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY FEATURES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 10 (2012): 1250243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412502434.

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We present the fundamentals of a cryptographic method based on a hyperchaotic system and a protocol which inherits some properties of the quantum cryptography that can be straightforwardly applied on the existing communication systems of nonoptical communication channels. It is an appropriate tool to provide security on software applications for VoIP, as in Skype, dedicated to voice communication through Internet. This would enable that an information packet be sent through Internet preventing attacks with strategies similar to that employed if this same packet is transferred in an optical channel under a quantum cryptographic scheme. This method relies on fundamental properties possessed by chaotic signals and coupled chaotic systems. Some of these properties have never been explored in secure communications.

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Zhukov, A. E., and A. R. Kovsh. "Quantum dot diode lasers for optical communication systems." Quantum Electronics 38, no. 5 (2008): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2008v038n05abeh013817.

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Bowell, Rory A., Matthew J. Brandsema, Ram M. Narayanan, Stephen W. Howell, and Jonathan M. Dilger. "Tripartite Correlations in Quantum Radar and Communication Systems." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 115 (2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm23011003.

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Manzalini, Antonio, and Luigi Artusio. "The Rise of Quantum Information and Communication Technologies." Quantum Reports 6, no. 1 (2024): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum6010003.

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Today, we are already using several-component devices and systems based on the technologies developed during the first quantum revolution. Examples include microchips for servers, laptops and smartphones, medical imaging devices, LED, lasers, etc. Now, a second quantum revolution is progressing fast, exploiting technological advances for the ability to engineer and manipulate other quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement and measurement. As a matter of fact, there is an impressive increase in research and development activities, innovation, public and private investments in a new wave of quantum services and applications. In this scenario, quantum information and communication technologies (QICTs) can be defined as a set of technological components, devices, systems and methods for elaborating, storing and transmitting/sharing quantum information. This paper addresses the challenges and opportunities enabling the rise of QICTs. In order to provide a concrete example, the paper describes an overview of the European project EQUO (European Quantum ecOsystems) dealing with ongoing innovation activities in the QICT avenue; in fact, EQUO aims at developing and demonstrating the feasibility of QKD (quantum key distribution) networks and their related integration in current telecommunications infrastructures towards the quantum internet.

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Song, Xiaotian, Chunsheng Zhang, Dong Pan, et al. "Practical Real-Time Phase Drift Compensation Scheme for Quantum Communication Systems." Entropy 25, no. 10 (2023): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25101408.

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Quantum communication systems are susceptible to various perturbations and drifts arising from the operational environment, with phase drift being a crucial challenge. In this paper, we propose an efficient real-time phase drift compensation scheme in which only existing data from the quantum communication process is used to establish a stable closed-loop control subsystem for phase tracking. This scheme ensures the continuous operation of transmission by tracking and compensating for phase drift in the phase-encoding quantum communication system. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme with an average quantum bit error rate of 1.60% and a standard deviation of 0.0583% for 16 h of continuous operation.

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FERRERO, M., D. SALGADO, and J. L. SÁNCHEZ-GÓMEZ. "ON NONLINEAR EVOLUTION AND SUPRALUMINAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN FINITE QUANTUM SYSTEMS." International Journal of Quantum Information 03, no. 01 (2005): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905000840.

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We revise the 'no-signaling' condition for the supraluminal communication between two spatially separated finite quantum systems of arbitrary dimensions, thus generalizing a similar preceding approach for two-qubits: non-linear evolution does not necessarily imply the possibility of supraluminal communication between any sort of finite quantum systems.

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Anusha Kondam. "Quantum API Gateways: Exploring the Future of Secure and Scalable Communication in Quantum Computing Environments." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 3 (2025): 957–64. https://doi.org/10.32628/cseit25113373.

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As quantum computing advances, the need for secure and scalable communication in quantum environments becomes increasingly important. Quantum API Gateways have emerged as a promising solution to address this challenge. These gateways bridge classical and quantum communication, enabling the secure transfer of information between classical and quantum systems. Through advanced cryptographic techniques and quantum key distribution protocols, Quantum API Gateways provide high security for data transmission in quantum computing environments. They also offer a scalable approach, allowing for the seamless integration of quantum applications with existing classical systems. It enables the development of hybrid quantum-classical systems, which are crucial for harnessing the full potential of quantum computing. Quantum API Gateways allow for the efficient and reliable management of quantum resources, such as quantum processors and channels, by providing a standardized interface for developers to access this resource.

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Djordjevic, Ivan B. "On Global Quantum Communication Networking." Entropy 22, no. 8 (2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080831.

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Research in quantum communications networks (QCNs), where multiple users desire to generate or transmit common quantum-secured information, is still in its beginning stage. To solve for the problems of both discrete variable- and continuous variable-quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes in a simultaneous manner as well as to enable the next generation of quantum communication networking, in this Special Issue paper we describe a scenario where disconnected terrestrial QCNs are coupled through low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite quantum network forming heterogeneous satellite–terrestrial QCN. The proposed heterogeneous QCN is based on the cluster state approach and can be used for numerous applications, including: (i) to teleport arbitrary quantum states between any two nodes in the QCN; (ii) to enable the next generation of cyber security systems; (iii) to enable distributed quantum computing; and (iv) to enable the next generation of quantum sensing networks. The proposed QCNs will be robust against various channel impairments over heterogeneous links. Moreover, the proposed QCNs will provide an unprecedented security level for 5G+/6G wireless networks, Internet of Things (IoT), optical networks, and autonomous vehicles, to mention a few.

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Klauck, H., A. Nayak, A. Ta-Shma, and D. Zuckerman. "Interaction in Quantum Communication." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 53, no. 6 (2007): 1970–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2007.896888.

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Goyal, Rohit. "Quantum Cryptography: Secure Communication Beyond Classical Limits." Journal of Quantum Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/jqst.v1.i1.01.

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Quantum cryptography promises secure communication protocols that surpass the limitations of classical cryptography. By leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, particularly the phenomenon of quantum entanglement and the uncertainty principle, quantum cryptography protocols offer provable security guarantees against eavesdropping attacks. In this paper, we provide an overview of quantum cryptography, discussing its theoretical foundations, key protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD), and experimental implementations. We highlight the advantages of quantum cryptography over classical cryptographic techniques and explore its potential applications in secure communication networks, financial transactions, and data privacy. Furthermore, we discuss ongoing research efforts and challenges in the practical deployment of quantum cryptography systems, including the development of robust quantum hardware and the integration of quantum cryptographic protocols into existing communication infrastructures. Overall, quantum cryptography holds great promise for enabling secure communication channels that are resilient to quantum attacks, paving the way for a new era of ultra-secure information exchange.

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Grimaila, Michael R. "Modeling and simulation of quantum information, quantum communication, and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 16, no. 1 (2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512918805841.

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Minbaleev, A., S. Zenin, and K. Evsikov. "Prospects for Legal Regulation of Quantum Communication." BRICS Law Journal 11, no. 2 (2024): 11–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2024-11-2-11-54.

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The leading countries across the world have entered the race to develop quantum technologies that will enable them to ensure their continued economic prosperity. Among these technologies, a special place is occupied by quantum communication, which is designed to ensure information security in an era where a quantum computer is capable of compromising a number of cryptography algorithms. In this article, this new digital technology includes quantum key distribution and encryption methods that are cryptographically resistant to a quantum computer. The study does not consider the regulation of the quantum communication sub-technology, the so-called “quantum internet,” due to the technical limitations of the existing equipment. The authors note that their predictions about the cryptographic strength of encryption algorithms are based solely on modern knowledge about the capabilities of quantum computing and do not take into account its hidden potential, for example, in terms of cryptanalysis information systems based on a machine learning model generated by a quantum computer. Currently, the only data protection system that is not subject to quantum threats is the technology of quantum key distribution. In today’s information and digital age, information security systems are an important element of critical infrastructure. Given the importance of these technologies, different states use different methods to regulate this field. This article puts forward and substantiates the hypothesis that the implementation of a combination of regulatory legal acts could have a greater positive impact on the development of quantum communication and ensure an acceptable level of information security in the post-quantum era. The analysis showed that a significant number of states and interstate associations are conducting research in this area, relying only on investment growth. This strategy has prevented any country from achieving the competencies of the People’s Republic of China. The authors also analyzed the methods of legal support used by China, Russia, and other countries in the field of quantum communication, which made it possible to identify a model of legal regulation of quantum communication that stimulates this technology’s development.

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Kulik, S. P., and S. N. Molotkov. "On the Key Search Complexity in Quantum Cryptography with Strong Information-Theoretic Authentication." JETP Letters 121, no. 6 (2025): 481–89. https://doi.org/10.1134/s002136402460544x.

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The stability of quantum key distribution systems is based not only on the detection of attacks on quantum states, which is guaranteed by the fundamental quantum theory laws, but also on ensuring the integrity of classical messages transmitted through an auxiliary classical communication channel. To detect attacks on the classic communication channel, the authentication procedure is used. Information-theoretic authentication guarantees the detection of attacks on the classical communication channel regardless of the computational and technical capabilities of an eavesdropper, including the quantum computer. The fundamental quantum cryptographic relationship between the abstract criterion of the robustness of quantum key distribution systems with theoretical-information authentication and the quantum key search complexity has been determined for the first time using simple means.

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Zhang, Shiqi, and Chao Zheng. "Quantum Secure Direct Communication Technology-Enhanced Time-Sensitive Networks." Entropy 27, no. 3 (2025): 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27030221.

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Quantum information has emerged as a frontier in scientific research and is transitioning to real-world technologies and applications. In this work, we explore the integration of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) with time-sensitive networking (TSN) for the first time, proposing a novel framework to address the security and latency challenges of Ethernet-based networks. Because our QSDC-TSN protocol inherits all the advantages from QSDC, it will enhance the security of the classical communications both in the traditional TSN- and QKD-based TSN by the quantum principle and reduce the communication latency by transmitting information directly via quantum channels without using keys. By analyzing the integration of QSDC and TSN in terms of time synchronization, flow control, security mechanisms, and network management, we show how QSDC enhances the real-time performance and security of TSN. These advantages enable our QSDC-TSN to keep the balance between and meet the requirements of both high security and real-time performance in industrial control, in a digital twin of green power and green hydrogen systems in distributed energy networks, etc., showing its potential applications in future quantum-classical-hybrid systems.

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Winlow, William, Rouholah Fatemi, and Andrew S. Johnson. "Classical and Non-Classical Neural Communications." OBM Neurobiology 07, no. 03 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303181.

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This review was constructed to show how the connectome has evolved in motor command systems from simple command elements to complex systems of neurons utilizing parallel distributed processing and the possibility of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons. Scientific and medical interest in neural pathways and their connections have driven neuroscience and brain research for many decades so that specific systems and their feedback loops have been considered in detail. We review motor command systems in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems, using PubMed and more generalized searches. We contemplate the attractiveness of the command neuron concept and why it has been largely superseded by parallel distributed processing (PDP) in both vertebrate and invertebrate models. Action potentials, synaptic connectivity and communication within the nervous system are extremely important to understanding basic neurological and physiological functions. However, newer concepts suggest computation within nervous systems may resemble quantum phase computation and that computational action potentials are also quantal. We suggest that a rational form of computation that can operate according to the physiological constraints of neurons and their connectivity is essential in further evaluating neuronal interactions. We also consider recent studies that indicate that quantum entanglement may occur in the human brain. Thus some brain functions may be non-classical, most likely the phenomena of consciousness and self-awareness. The significance of this review is that future studies on motor command should not just consider the connectome but should also consider computational systems within nervous systems and the likelihood of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons not currently indicated by the connectome.

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Mikki, Said. "Fundamental Spacetime Representations of Quantum Antenna Systems." Foundations 2, no. 1 (2022): 251–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foundations2010019.

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We utilize relativistic quantum mechanics to develop general quantum field-theoretic foundations suitable for understanding, analyzing, and designing generic quantum antennas for potential use in secure quantum communication systems and other applications. Quantum antennas are approached here as abstract source systems capable of producing what we dub “quantum radiation.” We work from within a generic relativistic framework, whereby the quantum antenna system is modeled in terms of a fundamental quantum spacetime field. After developing a framework explaining how quantum radiation can be understood using the methods of perturbative relativistic quantum field theory (QFT), we investigate in depth the problem of quantum radiation by a controlled abstract source functions. We illustrate the theory in the case of the neutral Klein-Gordon linear quantum antenna, outlining general methods for the construction of the Green’s function of a source—receiver quantum antenna system, the latter being useful for the computation of various candidate angular quantum radiation directivity and gain patterns analogous to the corresponding concepts in classical antenna theory. We anticipate that the proposed formalism may be extended to deal with a large spectrum of other possible controlled emission types for quantum communications applications, including, for example, the production of scalar, fermionic, and bosonic particles, where each could be massless or massive. Therefore, our goal is to extend the idea of antenna beyond electromagnetic waves, where now our proposed QFT-based concept of a quantum antenna system could be used to explore scenarios of controlled radiation of any type of relativistic particles, i.e., effectively transcending the well-known case of photonic systems through the deployment of novel non-standard quantum information transmission carriers such as massive photons, spin-1/2 particles, gravitons, antiparticles, higher spin particles, and so on.

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Nadaf, Akabarsaheb Babulal, Rajeshkumar R Savaliya, Vinay Kumar Nassa, and Qaim Mehdi Rizvi. "QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 15, no. 3 (2024): 3292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2024.0489.

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Background: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD( is a promising technology for secure communication, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to provide theoretically unbreakable encryption. With the exponential growth in data traffic and the increasing need for secure communication in backbone fiber networks, integrating high-bit-rate multiplexing techniques into QKD systems can enhance their efficiency and scalability. Problem: Traditional QKD systems face limitations in terms of data rate and network scalability, particularly in high-capacity optical communication networks. As data demands increase, there is a critical need for methods that can support high-bit-rate multiplexing while maintaining the security and performance of QKD. Method: This study proposes a novel QKD approach using high-bit-rate multiplexing in backbone fiber networks. The method involves encoding quantum keys using multiple optical channels simultaneously to increase the data throughput of the QKD system. We employ a combination of time-division multiplexing (TDM( and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM( to optimize the use of fiber resources and enhance key distribution rates. Results: Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a key distribution rate of 10 Mbps over a 200 km fiber link with a quantum bit error rate (QBER( of 1.5%. This represents a 50% improvement in key rate compared to conventional QKD systems without multiplexing. Additionally, the method shows enhanced scalability and network utilization, supporting up to 16 multiplexed channels with minimal impact on security.

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Philip, Chidozie Nwaga, and Nwagwughiagwu Stephen. "Exploring the significance of quantum cryptography in future network security protocols." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 3 (2024): 817–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15182788.

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In an era of unprecedented technological advancement, the rise of quantum computing poses both opportunities and challenges to network security. While quantum computers promise to revolutionize data processing and problem-solving, they also render traditional cryptographic protocols vulnerable, threatening the integrity of current network security systems. Quantum cryptography, particularly quantum key distribution (QKD), emerges as a groundbreaking solution, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure unparalleled data security. Unlike classical methods, QKD guarantees secure communication by detecting eavesdropping attempts, as any observation of quantum states disrupts their integrity. This paper explores the pivotal role of quantum cryptography in shaping future network security protocols amidst a landscape of increasing cyber threats. It provides a comprehensive analysis of QKD systems, their integration into existing infrastructure, and their resilience against potential quantum-based attacks. The discussion includes real-world implementations, such as satellite-based QKD networks and fiber-optic quantum communication systems, illustrating their practical viability and scalability. Furthermore, the paper addresses current challenges, including cost, technical complexity, and interoperability with classical networks, offering insights into ongoing research aimed at overcoming these hurdles. As global reliance on digital infrastructure grows, the transition to quantum-resilient security frameworks becomes imperative. Policymakers, industry leaders, and technology developers must collaborate to advance quantum cryptographic technologies and ensure their accessibility. By securing communication channels against both classical and quantum threats, quantum cryptography is positioned to redefine the foundations of network security, paving the way for a more secure and interconnected digital future

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Czerwinski, Artur. "Quantum Communication with Polarization-Encoded Qubits under Majorization Monotone Dynamics." Mathematics 10, no. 21 (2022): 3932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10213932.

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Quantum communication can be realized by transmitting photons that carry quantum information. Due to decoherence, the information encoded in the quantum state of a single photon can be distorted, which leads to communication errors. In particular, we consider the impact of majorization monotone dynamical maps on the efficiency of quantum communication. The mathematical formalism of majorization is revised with its implications for quantum systems. The discrimination probability for two arbitrary orthogonal states is used as a figure of merit to track the quality of quantum communication in the time domain.

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Preobrazhenskii, V. V., I. B. Chistokhin, I. I. Ryabtsev, V. A. Haisler, and A. I. Toropov. "Photon Detectors and Emitters for Quantum Communication Systems and Quantum Frequency Standards." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 88, no. 9 (2024): 1478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062873824707724.

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Teja, Penumantra Satya Sai, Mounika Lakshmi P, and Vinay Kumar K. "A Secure Communication through Quantum Key Distribution Protocols." International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 4, no. 3 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2018.4.3.14.

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Quantum cryptography is a new method of communication offering the security of the inviolability by using Law of Nature.Quantum Cryptography uses different secure communication by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the properties of physics of light for information. Quantum cryptography depends only on the validity of quantum theory, i.e., it is guarantied directly by the laws of physics. This is a different from any classical cryptographic techniques. This paper summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography and provides potential extensions of its feasibility as a mechanism for securing existing communication systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum communication systems'

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