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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum computers'

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1

Siti, Munirah Mohd *1 Bahari Idrus 2. Muriati Mukhtar 3. Hishamuddin Zainuddin 4. Kamarudin Shafinah 5. Amelia Natasya Abdul Wahab 6. "THE POWER OF QUANTUM COMPUTER AND ITS LIMITATIONS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 8 (2017): 122–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839139.

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Quantum computers have grown as an essential study in the field of physics and computer science throughout the country since 20 years ago although at the time, the existence of quantum computers is still a mystery. However, studies on quantum computers have successfully provided a new breath in the development of the latest technology. Thus, the brief descriptions in this paper are aimed to guide computer science experts to fully understand how the quantum computer differs from the current computer. Next, this study will explain the basic concepts of quantum mechanics that make quantum compute
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Smt., Maheshwari. S. Hiremath. ""A Delineate On Quantum Computing"." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 10 (2023): 144–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7820731.

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What makes a computer a computer is the processor; size over time. The number of processors is decreasing and the processing speed is steadily increasing current size. The processor is very small, but in the future, it will be the size of an atom. It will not be possible for classic computers to have such a small processor and delivered a huge amount of processing speed. Here the quantum computer takes the lead. On quantum mechanical phenomena like overlap, entanglement, and tunneling, among others, quantum computers are founded. In this report, we're going to talk about quantum computers,
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Wang, Junchao, Guoping Guo, and Zheng Shan. "SoK: Benchmarking the Performance of a Quantum Computer." Entropy 24, no. 10 (2022): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24101467.

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The quantum computer has been claimed to show more quantum advantage than the classical computer in solving some specific problems. Many companies and research institutes try to develop quantum computers with different physical implementations. Currently, most people only focus on the number of qubits in a quantum computer and consider it as a standard to evaluate the performance of the quantum computer intuitively. However, it is quite misleading in most times, especially for investors or governments. This is because the quantum computer works in a quite different way than classical computers
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Korolyov, Vyacheslav, and Oleksandr Khodzinskyi. "Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems on Quantum Computers." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 2 (July 24, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.20.2.1.

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Introduction. Quantum computers provide several times faster solutions to several NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems in comparison with computing clusters. The trend of doubling the number of qubits of quantum computers every year suggests the existence of an analog of Moore's law for quantum computers, which means that soon they will also be able to get a significant acceleration of solving many applied large-scale problems. The purpose of the article is to review methods for creating algorithms of quantum computer mathematics for combinatorial optimization problems and to analyze th
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Liu, Xiaonan, Ming He, Junchao Wang, Haoshan Xie, and Chenyan Zhao. "Automated Quantum Volume Test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2221, no. 1 (2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2221/1/012029.

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Abstract As a benchmark for the overall performance of quantum computers, quantum volume has the advantage of being able to reflect the depth of running quantum circuits. But, the quantum volume test code provided by IBM needs to be executed manually, and the simulation result of the quantum simulator is used as the result of the volume test, so that users cannot quickly and accurately test the quantum volume of the actual quantum computer required. In response to this problem, this paper designs an automated quantum volume test program. The program automatically generates quantum volume seque
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Solovyev, V. M. "Quantum Computers and Quantum Algorithms. Part 1. Quantum Computers." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Mathematics. Mechanics. Informatics 15, no. 4 (2015): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9791-2015-15-4-462-477.

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Chuang, I. L., R. Laflamme, P. W. Shor, and W. H. Zurek. "Quantum computers Quantum Computers, Factoring, and Decoherence." Science 270, no. 5242 (1995): 1633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5242.1633.

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8

Oraevsky, A. N. "Quantum computers? … Coherent computers!" Optics and Spectroscopy 91, no. 3 (2001): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1405225.

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Kendon, Vivien M., Kae Nemoto, and William J. Munro. "Quantum analogue computing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1924 (2010): 3609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0017.

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We briefly review what a quantum computer is, what it promises to do for us and why it is so hard to build one. Among the first applications anticipated to bear fruit is the quantum simulation of quantum systems. While most quantum computation is an extension of classical digital computation, quantum simulation differs fundamentally in how the data are encoded in the quantum computer. To perform a quantum simulation, the Hilbert space of the system to be simulated is mapped directly onto the Hilbert space of the (logical) qubits in the quantum computer. This type of direct correspondence is ho
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SIDAK BAWA. "Exploring Quantum Computing: Principles and Applications." Journal of Quantum Science and Technology 1, no. 3 (2024): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/jqst.v1.i3.27.

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The discipline of quantum computing, a cutting-edge area at the nexus of computer science and quantum physics, has the potential to revolutionize computation. Quantum computers employ quantum bits, also known as qubits, as opposed to classical computers, which use bits as the lowest unit of information. Utilizing the core concepts of quantum mechanics—superposition and entanglement—these qubits are able to conduct calculations that are not possible for conventional computers. To fully appreciate the possibilities and difficulties of quantum computing, one must comprehend these ideas. Superposi
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11

Gurraj, Singh. "Quantum Computers: A review of Powers and Applications." International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar 13, no. 2 (2022): 6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6885546.

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<strong>Abstract :</strong> Computers based on quantum physics can store and conduct calculations using quantum physics. Even our most powerful supercomputers can&#39;t keep up with these machines in certain cases. Information is stored in binary bits on classic devices like laptops and smartphones. The qubit, or quantum bit, is the smallest unit of memory in quantum computers. An electron&#39;s spin may be used to make qubits; for example a photon can be used to make one. A characteristic known as quantum superposition allows these systems to be in a variety of configurations at once. Using q
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Ilyas, Tahir. "Quantum Limits, Computational Complexity and Philosophy – A Review." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 2, no. 1 (2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2018.020139.

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Quantum computing physics uses quantum qubits (or bits), for computer’s memory or processor. They can perform certain calculations much faster than a normal computer. The quantum computers have some limitations due to which the problems belonging to NP- Complete are not solved efficiently. This paper covers effective quantum algorithm for solving NP-Complete problems through some features of complexity theory, that we can simplify some of the philosophical interest problems.
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Xue, Mingyuan. "Research on Quantum Computers Characteristic." Theoretical and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (2023): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230582.

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Quantum computing is the engineering of utilizing the properties of a quantum, as so could be understood as the using the rules of nature at the scale of an atom, to calculate faster and more complicated problems than traditional computers. These new inventions are not merely a device that calculates faster than the speed convention computers, the only similarity between them might only be some essential hardware and their names, because unlike conventional computers that uses classical physics to transmit electronic information, quantum computers utilize quantum physics to perform calculation
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Balakrishna, Boddu. "The Quantum Edge: How Quantum Computing Will Transform Databases." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences 9, no. 3 (2021): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14059357.

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Quantum computing is a field that combines computer science, physics,defense, finance, chemistry, drug discovery, cryptography, and mathematics to use the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems more quickly than traditional computers can. This field covers both the development of quantum hardware and software applications. Quantum computers can tackle certain problems much faster than regular computers because they use quantum effects like superposition and quantum interference. These effects allow them to process many possibilities at once.Some areas where quantum computers
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YEPEZ, JEFFREY. "TYPE-II QUANTUM COMPUTERS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 12, no. 09 (2001): 1273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183101002668.

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This paper discusses a computing architecture that uses both classical parallelism and quantum parallelism. We consider a large parallel array of small quantum computers, connected together by classical communication channels. This kind of computer is called a type-II quantum computer, to differentiate it from a globally phase-coherent quantum computer, which is the first type of quantum computer that has received nearly exclusive attention in the literature. Although a hybrid, a type-II quantum computer retains the crucial advantage allowed by quantum mechanical superposition that its computa
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Ladd, T. D., F. Jelezko, R. Laflamme, Y. Nakamura, C. Monroe, and J. L. O’Brien. "Quantum computers." Nature 464, no. 7285 (2010): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08812.

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17

Amiri, P. K. "Quantum computers." IEEE Potentials 21, no. 5 (2002): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mp.2002.1166617.

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18

Agbenyega, Jonathan. "Quantum computers." Materials Today 13, no. 9 (2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70157-7.

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19

WILSON, ELIZABETH K. "Quantum Computers." Chemical & Engineering News 78, no. 45 (2000): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n045.p035.

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20

Deutsch, David. "Quantum computers." ITNOW 29, no. 2 (1987): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/combul/29.2.24.

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Abstract A number of research programs with widely different motivations have, during the last few years been coming to a conclusion that is startling to some, and which others say they have suspected all along: that the theory of computation is connected at many levels, including the most fundamental, to physics. In particular it has connections with our deepest and most powerful physical theory, quantum theory.
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Benkoczi, Robert, Daya Gaur, Naya Nagy, Marius Nagy, and Shahadat Hossain. "Quantum Bitcoin Mining." Entropy 24, no. 3 (2022): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24030323.

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This paper studies the effect of quantum computers on Bitcoin mining. The shift in computational paradigm towards quantum computation allows the entire search space of the golden nonce to be queried at once by exploiting quantum superpositions and entanglement. Using Grover’s algorithm, a solution can be extracted in time O(2256/t), where t is the target value for the nonce. This is better using a square root over the classical search algorithm that requires O(2256/t) tries. If sufficiently large quantum computers are available for the public, mining activity in the classical sense becomes obs
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Bindhu, V. "Cyber Security Analysis for Quantum Computing." Journal of ISMAC 4, no. 2 (2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2022.2.006.

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The next phase of the quantum revolution is the Quantum computer Network, a network that connects distant quantum devices using quantum links in conjunction with conventional ones. Innovation that has made way for radically improved communications and computing skills. Regular computers use and analyse data in bits (0 or 1), whereas quantum computers use qubits, or quantum bits, which can simultaneously represent other states in addition to ones and zeros. This is how quantum computers vary from traditional computers. The majority of these methods for processing information on computers rely o
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23

Reiher, Markus, Nathan Wiebe, Krysta M. Svore, Dave Wecker, and Matthias Troyer. "Elucidating reaction mechanisms on quantum computers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 29 (2017): 7555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619152114.

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With rapid recent advances in quantum technology, we are close to the threshold of quantum devices whose computational powers can exceed those of classical supercomputers. Here, we show that a quantum computer can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms in complex chemical systems, using the open problem of biological nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase as an example. We discuss how quantum computers can augment classical computer simulations used to probe these reaction mechanisms, to significantly increase their accuracy and enable hitherto intractable simulations. Our resource estimates show
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Kotlia, Priyanshi, and Janmejay Pant. "A Brief Survey on Quantum Computers." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 10, no. 7 (2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.70729/se22705091508.

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25

Danish, Md, and A. Rengarajan. "Quantum Computing: Simplifying the Future of Communication." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering 12, no. 05 (2024): 6319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijircce.2024.1205195.

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Quantum computing is like having a supercharged computer that can do many things at once, thanks to some mind-bending physics tricks. Regular computers use bits that are either 0 or 1. But in quantum computers, we have qubits that can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. It's like having a magic coin that's both heads and tails until you look at it. These qubits can also be connected in a special way called entanglement. Imagine having two magic coins that always show the same side, no matter how far apart they are. This helps quantum computers solve problems crazy fast. The hardware of a quantum
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Rachappa, Halkar. "Studying the Concept of Quantum Computing and Analysis of Its Components, Benefits and Challenges." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 8, no. 11 (2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v8i11.5517.

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This paper will discuss about the use of quantum computing in the computer engineering field to make computers reliable and fast to perform various typical computations. It is the process of using concept of quantum theory in computing algorithms and other computations and calculations along with the use of computer systems. The computer system always understands the binary language of bits and bytes or in other words we can say that everything which is computed using computers should be first converted into stream of 0’s and 1’s so that computer can understand and then perform the calculation
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Kim, Jong-Yun. "Core technology development trends of quantum industry and global market growth trends." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (2025): 2941–45. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5891.

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This study analyzes the advantages of three key technologies in the quantum industry (quantum computers, quantum cryptography, and quantum sensors) in Chapter 2. It analyzes the development trends of quantum technologies and the global market growth trends for each technology, such as quantum computers, which have been accelerating since around 2012; quantum cryptography, which is replacing the existing digital cryptographic communication network using QKD services; and quantum sensors, which provide the foundation for the realization of quantum computer/quantum cryptography communication tech
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Gupta, Sakshi, and Ajeet Gupta. "QUANTUM COMPUTING: ITS APPLICATIONS IN MACHINE LEARNING AND OTHER AREAS." ICTACT Journal on Data Science and Machine Learning 5, no. 4 (2024): 665–71. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijdsml.2024.0139.

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Classical computers have been present for a long time and they have played a significant role in scientific advancements. Quantum computing has shown good results in solving complex problems. Quantum computers use phenomena of quantum superposition and quantum entanglement to form states that scale exponentially with the number of qubits or quantum bits [1]. Classical computers use individual bits, 0 and 1 to store information as binary data &amp; quantum computers use the probability of state before it is measured [2]. Therefore, it gives them a potential to process exponentially more data as
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Loo, Chu Kiong, Mitja Peruš, and Horst Bischof. "Associative Memory Based Image and Object Recognition by Quantum Holography." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 11, no. 03 (2004): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:opsy.0000047571.17774.8d.

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A quantum associative memory, much more natural than those of “quantum computers”, is presented. Neural-net-like processing with real-valued variables is transformed into processing with quantum waves. Successful computer simulations of image storage and retrieval are reported. Our Hopfield-like algorithm allows quantum implementation with holographic procedure using present-day quantum-optics techniques. This brings many advantages over classical Hopfield neural nets and quantum computers with logic gates.
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Resch, Salonik, and Ulya R. Karpuzcu. "Benchmarking Quantum Computers and the Impact of Quantum Noise." ACM Computing Surveys 54, no. 7 (2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3464420.

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Benchmarking is how the performance of a computing system is determined. Surprisingly, even for classical computers this is not a straightforward process. One must choose the appropriate benchmark and metrics to extract meaningful results. Different benchmarks test the system in different ways, and each individual metric may or may not be of interest. Choosing the appropriate approach is tricky. The situation is even more open ended for quantum computers, where there is a wider range of hardware, fewer established guidelines, and additional complicating factors. Notably, quantum noise signific
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Farag, Peter. "Custom Quantum Devices and their Use in a Neural Network at a Quantum Level." Journal of Physical Chemistry & Biophysics 14, no. 1 (2023): 12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603108.

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Current quantum computers are expensive and require professional equipment for their construction. The price of such computers varies depending on the number of qubits, with an average cost of $10,000 for a 2-qubit device. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to propose an affordable approach for building an optical quantum computer and demonstrate its utility by using the device as a quantum layer in a neural network for image analysis. The article outlines the construction of two devices: One with 1 qubit and another with 2 qubits. These devices were constructed using easily accessible mater
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Sinha, Neeraj. "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Michael E. Nielson and Isaac L. Chuang." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 1, no. 2 (2003): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.2.10.

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One of the most promising scieniifc of East century was the Computers. Computers of initial days were of very large size consisting vacuum tubes ond valves. This has taken over by sernicor-,ductor and transistors which were 0' smaller size and more efficient. The rapid growth in the semiconductor industry hos led to the present form computer on our desktop. This hos initiated the questions about the ultimate limit of this development. AS size Of computer chip is decreasing, if has been predicted by Moor's law that within next twenty year, the size Of a sing bit will be of the order of a single
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der Kerk, Casper van, Attila Csala, and Aeilko H. Zwinderman. "Quantum Computing in the Biomedical Sciences; A Brief Introduction into Concepts and Applications." Computer and Information Science 12, no. 3 (2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n3p104.

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Quantum computing is a field that aims to exploit the principles of superposition and entanglement to perform computations. By using quantum bits (qubits) a quantum computer is able to perform certain tasks more efficiently when compared to classical computers. While applied quantum computing is still in its early stages, quantum algorithms on simulated quantum computers have already been applied to certain problems in epidemics modeling and image processing. Furthermore, companies like Google and IBM continue to develop new quantum computers with an increasing number of qubits. While much pro
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Nguyen, Quoc Chuong, Le Bin Ho, Lan Nguyen Tran, and Hung Q. Nguyen. "Qsun: an open-source platform towards practical quantum machine learning applications." Machine Learning: Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2022): 015034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ac5997.

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Abstract Currently, quantum hardware is restrained by noises and qubit numbers. Thus, a quantum virtual machine (QVM) that simulates operations of a quantum computer on classical computers is a vital tool for developing and testing quantum algorithms before deploying them on real quantum computers. Various variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have been proposed and tested on QVMs to surpass the limitations of quantum hardware. Our goal is to exploit further the VQAs towards practical applications of quantum machine learning (QML) using state-of-the-art quantum computers. In this paper, we fir
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Ding, Yongshan, and Frederic T. Chong. "Quantum Computer Systems: Research for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers." Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture 15, no. 2 (2020): 1–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s01014ed1v01y202005cac051.

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Băjenescu, Titu-Marius I. "QUANTUM COMPUTING." Journal of Engineering Science XXVIII (1) (March 15, 2021): 83–90. https://doi.org/10.52326/jes.utm.2021.28(1).08.

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The quantum computer, is a &quot;supercomputer&quot; that relies on the phenomena of quantum mechanics to perform operations on data. Object of suppositions, sometimes far-fetched, quantum mechanics gave birth to the quantum computer, a machine capable of processing data tens of millions of times faster than a conventional computer. A quantum computer doesn&#39;t use the same memory as a conventional computer. Rather than a sequence of 0 and 1, it works with qubits or quantum bits. The quantum computer is a combination of two major scientific fields: quantum mechanics and computer science. Qua
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Gulfraz Naqvi, Muhammad Burhan Umar, and Saqib Ali. "Quantum Computing: Principles of Breaking Encryption." JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN) 4, no. 2 (2023): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/jn.v4i2.95.

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The basis of modern security relies on encryption methods that are practically impossible, but theoretically possible, to break. Quantum computing is a process by which a computer takes advantage of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems. IBM has been working on and has made quantum computers available for almost a decade now. These machines can be used for cryptography related problems like decrypting complex encryptions much faster than the classical computers we have today. So much faster in fact, that a quantum computer can factor a 300-digit number in the same amount of time that a n
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Valiev, Kamil' A. "Quantum computers and quantum computations." Physics-Uspekhi 48, no. 1 (2005): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu2005v048n01abeh002024.

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Valiev, Kamil' A. "Quantum computers and quantum computations." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 175, no. 1 (2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0175.200501a.0003.

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DiVincenzo, David P., and Daniel Loss. "Quantum computers and quantum coherence." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 200, no. 1-3 (1999): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00315-7.

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Ekert, Artur. "Quantum Interferometers as Quantum Computers." Physica Scripta T76, no. 1 (1998): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.076a00218.

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Shepelyansky, D. L. "Quantum Chaos and Quantum Computers." Physica Scripta T90, no. 1 (2001): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.090a00112.

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Lu, Xuandiyang. "Research on Biological Population Evolutionary Algorithm and Individual Adaptive Method Based on Quantum Computing." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5188335.

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On the basis of classical computer, quantum computer has been developed. In dealing with some large-scale parallel problems, quantum computer is simpler and faster than traditional computer. Nowadays, physical qubit computers have many limitations. Classical computers have many ways to simulate quantum computing, the most effective of which are quantum superiority and quantum algorithm. Ensuring computational efficiency, accuracy, and precision is of great significance to the study of large-scale quantum computing. Compared with other algorithms, genetic algorithm has more advantages, so it ca
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KWEK, L. C., and ARTUR EKERT. "QUANTUM COMPUTER: HOW FEASIBLE IS THE IDEA?" COSMOS 02, no. 01 (2006): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607706000195.

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The need for increased memory space and higher speed in computers has fueled the demand for smaller and faster computers. However, as the computer chips miniaturize, it becomes inevitable that we need to look at the possibility of manipulating and addressing atoms and molecules individually. One such possibility is a feasibility study of a quantum computer. In this report, we summarize some of the progress made in experimental realization of quantum computer in the last few years.
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Attya, Salih Mahmoud, Suhad Qasim G. Haddad, Hamid Kareem Radam Al-Zaidi, Wafaa Mustafa Hameed, and Nabaa Latif. "Quantum Computing Impact on Traditional Computer Architecture Models." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 16, no. 5 (2024): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/j.rensit.2024.16.691.

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Background: Traditional computer architectures are based on classical computational techniques, challenged by rapid advances in quantum computing. Quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits) to do calculations at speeds unreachable by classical computers, possibly revolutionizing many fields by providing exponential improvements in processing power. Objective: The article aims to investigate the potential consequences of quantum computing on traditional computer architectural models, emphasizing integration issues and transformative powers. Methods: We conducted extensive literature reviews an
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Ostrianska, Ye V., M. V. Yesina, and I. D. Gorbenko. "Analysis of views of the European Union on quantum-post-quantum limitations." Radiotekhnika, no. 210 (September 28, 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2022.3.210.06.

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Virtually all asymmetric cryptographic schemes currently in use are threatened by the potential development of powerful quantum computers. Although there is currently no definite answer and it is very unclear when or even if CRQC will ever be built and the gap between modern quantum computers and the envisioned CRQC is huge, the risk of creating CRQC means that currently deployed public key cryptography must be replaced by quantum-resistant ones alternatives. For example, information encrypted using modern public key cryptography can be recorded by cryptanalysts and then attacked if a QRQC can
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Kosheleva, Olga, and Vladik Kreinovich. "How to represent uncertainty via qudits: Probability distributions, regular, intuitionistic and picture fuzzy sets, F-transforms, etc." Notes on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets 28, no. 3 (2022): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nifs.2022.28.3.203-210.

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While modern computers are fast, there are still many important practical situations in which we need even faster computations. It turns out that, due to the fact that the speed of all communications is limited by the speed of light, the only way to make computers drastically faster is to drastically decrease the size of computer’s components. When we decrease their size to sizes comparable with micro-sizes of individual molecules, it becomes necessary to take into account specific physics of the micro-world – known as quantum physics. Traditional approach to designing quantum computers – i.e.
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48

Haug, Espen Gaarder. "The Planck Computer Is the Quantum Gravity Computer: We Live inside a Gigantic Computer, the Hubble Sphere Computer?" Quantum Reports 6, no. 3 (2024): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum6030032.

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Recent developments in the quantization of general relativity theory provide a new perspective on matter and even the whole universe. Already, in 1922, Eddington suggested that a future quantum gravity theory had to be linked to Planck length. This is today the main view among many working with quantum gravity. Recently, it has been demonstrated how Planck length, the Planck time, can be extracted from gravity observations with no knowledge of G, ℏ, or even c. Rooted in this, both general relativity theory and multiple other gravity theories can be quantized and linked to the Planck scale. A r
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49

Gyongyosi, Laszlo. "Adaptive Problem Solving Dynamics in Gate-Model Quantum Computers." Entropy 24, no. 9 (2022): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091196.

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Gate-model quantum computer architectures represent an implementable model used to realize quantum computations. The mathematical description of the dynamical attributes of adaptive problem solving and iterative objective function evaluation in a gate-model quantum computer is currently a challenge. Here, a mathematical model of adaptive problem solving dynamics in a gate-model quantum computer is defined. We characterize a canonical equation of adaptive objective function evaluation of computational problems. We study the stability of adaptive problem solving in gate-model quantum computers.
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50

Da Rosa, Evandro Chagas Ribeiro, and Rafael De Santiago. "Ket Quantum Programming." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 18, no. 1 (2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474224.

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Quantum programming languages (QPL) fill the gap between quantum mechanics and classical programming constructions, simplifying the development of quantum applications. However, most QPL addresses the inherent quantum programming problem, neglecting quantum computer implementation constraints. We present a runtime architecture for classical-quantum execution that mitigates the limitation of interaction between classical and quantum computers originated from the cloud-based model of quantum computation provided by several vendors, which implies a quantum computer processing in batch. In the pro
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