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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum Confinement Effect (QCE)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

RATH, S., A. K. DASH, S. N. SAHU, and S. NOZAKI. "QUANTUM CONFINEMENT EFFECT IN HgTe NANOCRYSTALS AND VISIBLE LUMINESCENCE." International Journal of Nanoscience 03, no. 03 (2004): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x04002176.

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Mercury Telluride ( HgTe ) nanocrystals with a mean size of 5.35 nm have been synthesized by an electrochemical technique. Structural analysis by transmission electron microscopy and glancing angle X-ray diffraction studies indicate the presence of cubic phase HgTe nanocrystals in the deposit. Optical absorption measurements reveal two well resolved excitonic peaks around 578.5 nm and 550 nm attributed to heavy hole valence band (HVB)–conduction band (CB) and light hole valence band (LVB)–CB transitions, respectively, and suggest a band opening of bulk inverted narrow band gap HgTe as a result

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Liao, Lianxing, Kunhua Quan, Xiangshi Bin, Ruosheng Zeng, and Tao Lin. "Bandgap and Carrier Dynamic Controls in CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Polydimethylsiloxane." Crystals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091132.

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Bandgap tunability through ion substitution is a key feature of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP-NCs). However, the low stability and low luminescent performance of CsPbCl3 hinder their full-color applications. In this work, quantum confinement effect (QCE) was utilized to control the bandgap of CsPbBr3 NCs instead of using unstable CsPbCl3, which possess much higher emission efficiency in blue spectra region. Studies of microstructures, optical spectra and carrier dynamics revealed that tuning the reaction temperature was an effective way of controlling the NC sizes as well as QCE. Fu

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Fan, Libo, Hongwei Song, Haifeng Zhao, et al. "CdS/Cyclohexylamine Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Nanofibers with Strong Quantum Confinement Effect." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (2008): 3914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18345.

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Inorganic–organic hybrid semiconductor nanofibers of CdS/CHA (CHA = cyclohexylamine) were successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. The fibers obtained had average diameter of 20 nm and length of several micrometers. In these fibers, periodic layer-like sub-nanometer structures with thickness of ∼3 nm were identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The absorption of the hybrids exhibited a large blue-shift in contrast to the bulk, which was attributed to strong quantum confinement effect (QCE) induced by internal sub-nanometer structures. Pure hexa

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Iqbal, Anwar, Usman Saidu, Farook Adam, Srimala Sreekantan, Normawati Jasni, and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad. "The Effects of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Quantum Dots (QDs) Embedment on the Physicochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles." Journal of Physical Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.6.

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In this study, a detailed investigation on the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) embedment on the physicochemical properties of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) was conducted. The highly porous nanocomposite labelled as ZQT was prepared via the sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the average crystallite size of the ZnO QDs, anatase TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) and ZQT were 4.45 nm, 9.22 nm and 11.38 nm, respectively. Photoluminescent (PL) analysis detected the presence of defects related to TiO2, oxygen vacancies and quantum confinemen

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Shim, Jae Hyun, and Nam Hee Cho. "Photo- and Electroluminescence of Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Si Prepared by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Techniques." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.958.

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We studied photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties of hydrogenated nanocystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin films prepared by applying the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques. . A prototype of ITO/nc-Si:H/P-type Si wafer/Al EL devices was illustrated with its fundamental electrical and optical features. The nc-Si:H films exhibited PL spectra in a wavelength range of 350 ~ 700 nm with the maximum intensity at ~ 530 nm, which is attributed to quantum confinement effects (QCE) owing to the presence of nanocrystalline Si. The EL device produced EL spect

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Cao, Yunqing, Ping Zhu, Dongke Li, Xianghua Zeng, and Dan Shan. "Size-Dependent and Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Solar Cells Based on Si Quantum Dots." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184845.

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Recently, extensive studies have focused on exploring a variety of silicon (Si) nanostructures among which Si quantum dots (Si QDs) may be applied in all Si tandem solar cells (TSCs) for the time to come. By virtue of its size tunability, the optical bandgap of Si QDs is capable of matching solar spectra in a broad range and thus improving spectral response. In the present work, size-controllable Si QDs are successfully obtained through the formation of Si QDs/SiC multilayers (MLs). According to the optical absorption measurement, the bandgap of Si QDs/SiC MLs shows a red shift to the region o

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Fariborz, Amir H., and Renata Jora. "Examining a possible cascade effect in chiral symmetry breaking." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 02 (2016): 1750008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500080.

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We examine a toy model and a cascade effect for confinement and chiral symmetry breaking which consists in several phase transitions corresponding to the formation of bound states and chiral condensates with different number of fermions for a strong group. We analyze two examples: regular quantum chromodynamics (QCD) where we calculate the “four quark” vacuum condensate and a preon composite model based on QCD at higher scales. In this context, we also determine the number of flavors at which the second chiral and confinement phase transitions occur and discuss the consequences.

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Kuvshinov, V. I., and E. G. Bagashov. "Evolution of Colour in QCD and Informational Approach to Quantum Measurement." Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems 22, no. 4 (2019): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/1561-4085-2019-22-4-330-335.

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Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) introduces the quantum characteristic of colour in order to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle and symmetric considerations for wavefunctions of hadrons. However, the particles that possess colour charge (quarks and gluons) are not directly observed in experiment – the effect which is often referred to as confinement. Confinement of quarks and gluons represents a theoretical challenge, as the dynamics of underlying fields is non-perturbative and therefore is problematic to be described analytically. One possible way is to use non-perturbative approaches and deri

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Mir, Feroz A., Owais I. Mir, and Rayees A. Zargar. "Structural, Morphological, Vibrational, Thermal and Optical Properties of ZnS Quantum Dots in the Polymer Matrix." Current Alternative Energy 3, no. 1 (2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405463103666190704160914.

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<P>Background: Nanotechnology is believed to be a future for new human generations. Among different emerging materials, the Nanocomposites (NCs) would be on front line. The aim of the current study is provide a way to synthesis the ZnS-polyacrylamide NCs with emphasizes on the effect of aging in polymer on its various physical properties. </P><P> Objectives: To prepare and study the properties of ZnS-Polymer NCs with drying time in polymer matrix. </P><P> Methods: ZnS-polyacrylamide NCs samples were synthesized by adding aqueous suspension of ZnS Nanoparticles (NP

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Cetinel, A., N. Artunç, G. Sahin, and E. Tarhan. "Influence of applied current density on the nanostructural and light emitting properties of n-type porous silicon." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 15 (2015): 1550093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215500939.

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Effects of current density on nanostructure and light emitting properties of porous silicon (PS) samples were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), gravimetric method, Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. FE-SEM images have shown that below 60 mA/cm 2, macropore and mesopore arrays, exhibiting rough morphology, are formed together, whose pore diameter, pore depth and porosity are about 265–760 nm, 58–63 μ m and 44–61%, respectively. However, PS samples prepared above 60 mA/cm 2 display smooth and straight macropore arrays, with pore diameter ranging fr

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Iqbal, Anwar, Usman Saidu, Srimala Sreekantan, et al. "Mesoporous TiO2 Implanted ZnO QDs for the Photodegradation of Tetracycline: Material Design, Structural Characterization and Photodegradation Mechanism." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (2021): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101205.

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A sol-gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous TiO2 implanted with a ZnO quantum dot photocatalyst (TZQ) for the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under fluorescent light irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the presence of cavities on the photocatalyst surface due to the use of starch as a synthetic template, where the nitrogen sorption results indicate that TZQ contains mesopores with reduced size (ca. 4.3 nm) versus the pore size of the parent meso-TiO2 (ca. 7.5 nm). The addition of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) resulted in spherically-shaped binary composite particles in l

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Alrajhi, Adnan H., Naser M. Ahmed, Mohd Mahadi Halim, Abeer S. Altowyan, Mohamad Nurul Azmi, and Munirah A. Almessiere. "Distinct Optical and Structural (Nanoyarn and Nanomat-like Structure) Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanofilm Derived by Using Salvia officinalis Leaves Extract Made without and with PEO Polymer." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134510.

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This paper reports the optical properties of zinc oxide nanofilm fabricated by using organic natural products from Salvia officinalis leaves (SOL) extract and discusses the effect of the nanocrystal (NC) structure (nanoyarn and nanomat-like structure) on nanofilm optical properties. The surface-active layer of the nanofilm of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was passivated with natural organic SOL leaves hydrothermally, then accumulated on zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs). The nanofilms were fabricated (with and without PEO) on glass substrate (at 85 °C for 16 h) via chemical solution deposition (CSD)

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13

ARNOLD, PETER. "QUARK-GLUON PLASMA AND THERMALIZATION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 09 (2007): 2555–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130700832x.

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In these lectures, I will attempt a pedagogical and qualitative introduction to the theory of equilibrium and thermalization of quark-gluon plasmas. I assume only that the reader is familiar with quantum field theory at zero temperature and with QCD as the theory of the strong interactions. I focus on the limit of small αs, which in principle should be relevant at extremely high temperature because of asymptotic freedom, and in any case provides a clean theoretical context in which to discuss a variety of phenomena. Topics discussed include the basic equilibrium formalism for finite-temperatur

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CHANDOLA, H. C., and H. C. PANDEY. "DYONIC FLUX TUBE STRUCTURE OF NONPERTURBATIVE QCD VACUUM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 09 (2003): 1623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03014083.

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We study the flux tube structure of the nonperturbative QCD vacuum in terms of its dyonic excitations by using an infrared effective Lagrangian and show that the dyonic condensation of QCD vacuum has a close connection with the process of color confinement. Using the fiber bundle formulation of QCD, the magnetic symmetry condition is presented in a gauge covariant form and the gauge potential has been constructed in terms of the magnetic vectors on global sections. The dynamical breaking of the magnetic symmetry has been shown to lead the dyonic condensation of QCD vacuum in the infrared energ

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15

Diamantini, Maria Cristina, and Carlo A. Trugenberger. "Superinsulators: An Emergent Realisation of Confinement." Universe 7, no. 6 (2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7060201.

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Superinsulators (SI) are a new topological state of matter, predicted by our collaboration and experimentally observed in the critical vicinity of the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT). SI are dual to superconductors and realise electric-magnetic (S)-duality. The effective field theory that describes this topological phase of matter is governed by a compact Chern-Simons in (2+1) dimensions and a compact BF term in (3+1) dimensions. While in a superconductor the condensate of Cooper pairs generates the Meissner effect, which constricts the magnetic field lines penetrating a type II supe

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16

UMNIKOV, A. YU, and F. C. KHANNA. "THE SPECTRUM AND CONFINEMENT FOR THE BETHE-SALPETER EQUATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 21 (1996): 3935–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9600184x.

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The problem of calculating the mass spectrum of the two-body Bethe-Salpeter equation is studied with no reduction to the three-dimensional (“quasipotential”) equation. The method to find the ground state and excited states for a channel with any quantum numbers is presented. The problem of the confining interaction for the Bethe-Salpeter equation is discussed from the point of view of formal properties of the bound state spectrum, but with only inspiration from QCD. We study the kernel that is nonvanishing at large Euclidean intervals, i.e. RE→∞, which is constructed as a special limiting case

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17

Ladrem, Madjid Lakhdar Hamou, Mohammed Abdulmalek Abdulraheem Ahmed, Salah Cherif, Zainab Zaki Mohammed Alfull, and Mosleh M. Almarashi. "Detailed study of the QCD Equation of State of a colorless partonic plasma in finite volume." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 09 (2019): 1950051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19500519.

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The color confinement in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) remains an interesting and intriguing phenomenon. It is considered as a very important nonperturbative effect to be taken into account in all models intended to describe the QCD many-parton system. During the deconfinement phase transition, the non-Abelian character of the partonic plasma manifests itself in an important manner. A direct consequence of color confinement is that all states of any partonic system must be colorless and the requirement of the colorlessness condition is more than necessary. Indeed, the colorless state is a resul

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18

Gibilisco, Marina. "The Influence of Quarks and Gluons Jets Coming from Primordial Black Holes on the Reionization of the Universe." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 23 (1997): 4167–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97002280.

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In a previous work, I discussed the effect of the primordial black holes (PBH's) quantum evaporation on the reionization of the Universe at small redshifts (z ≤ 60): in principle, the photons emitted during the evaporation of such objects could drive a new ionization for the Universe after the recombination epoch; this reionization process should happen during the last stages of the PBH's life, when they totally evaporate and emit a lot of massive and massless particles. The critical mass of a black hole whose lifetime is equal to the present age of the Universe is ~ 4.4 × 1014 h-0.3 g: thus,

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19

Creutz, Michael. "QCD beyond diagrams." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 21 (2021): 2130012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x2130012x.

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Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of the strong interactions, involves quarks interacting with non-Abelian gluon fields. This theory has many features that are difficult to impossible to see in conventional diagrammatic perturbation theory. This includes quark confinement, mass generation and chiral symmetry breaking. This paper is a colloquium level overview of the framework for understanding how these effects come about.

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Kuvshinov, Viatcheslav, Valery Shaparau, and Eugene Bagashov. "Interaction of quantum systems with environment in QCD." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920401002.

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It is shown that the interaction of quark with the stochastic vacuum of QCD (considered as an environment) leads to the decoherence of quark colour state, associated with the loss of information on the initial quark colour. We propose to consider this process as a reason of the confinement of the quark colour. Asymptotically this leads to confined quarks (fully mixed colourless quark states) in the limit of large distances and time intervals (confinement region) and free coloured quarks in the limit of small distances and time intervals (asymptotic freedom). We propose quantitative characteris

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21

Xia, Jian-Bai, and K. W. Cheah. "Quantum confinement effect in thin quantum wires." Physical Review B 55, no. 23 (1997): 15688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.55.15688.

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Chakravorty, D., S. Banerjee, and T. K. Kundu. "Quantum confinement effect in nanocomposites." Applied Surface Science 182, no. 3-4 (2001): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(01)00441-x.

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23

Brodsky, Stanley J., and Robert Shrock. "Condensates in quantum chromodynamics and the cosmological constant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 1 (2010): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010113107.

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Casher and Susskind [Casher A, Susskind L (1974) Phys Rev 9:436–460] have noted that in the light-front description, spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is a property of hadronic wavefunctions and not of the vacuum. Here we show from several physical perspectives that, because of color confinement, quark and gluon condensates in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are associated with the internal dynamics of hadrons. We discuss condensates using condensed matter analogues, the Anti de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, and the Bethe–Salpeter–Dyson–Schwinger approach for bound states. Our

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Xia, Jian-Bai, and K. W. Cheah. "Quantum confinement effect in silicon quantum-well layers." Physical Review B 56, no. 23 (1997): 14925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.56.14925.

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Je, Koo-Chul, and Chang-Ho Cho. "Quantum Confinement Effect of Thermoelectric Properties." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 54, no. 1 (2009): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.54.105.

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Mercier, B., G. Ledoux, C. Dujardin, et al. "Quantum confinement effect on Gd2O3 clusters." Journal of Chemical Physics 126, no. 4 (2007): 044507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431366.

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27

Chellammal, S., and S. Manivannan. "Determination of Quantum Confinement Effect of Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.17.

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The energetic, structural and electronic properties of CdS with different nanometer sizes were prepared by the precipitation method by changing the refluxing time of the reactants. The grain sizes were determined by X-ray diffraction method. By impedance analyses method, the band gap value of nanoparticles were calculated and compared with the bulk material. The nanocrystalline CdS was characterized by Impedance spectroscopy and corresponding measurements are discussed briefly in this paper.

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Sorokin, Pavel B., Pavel V. Avramov, Leonid A. Chernozatonskii, Dmitri G. Fedorov, and Sergey G. Ovchinnikov. "Atypical Quantum Confinement Effect in Silicon Nanowires." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 112, no. 40 (2008): 9955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp805069b.

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29

Kurisu, Hiroki, Setsuo Yamamoto, Osamu Sueoka, and Mitsuru Matsuura. "Preparation and quantum confinement effect of superlattices." Solid State Communications 99, no. 8 (1996): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(96)00352-3.

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Wang, Rongqiu, Jingjian Li, Yong Chen, et al. "Quantum confinement effect in electroluminescent porous silicon." Science in China Series B: Chemistry 41, no. 4 (1998): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02877811.

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Thambidurai, M., N. Muthukumarasamy, S. Agilan, et al. "Strong quantum confinement effect in nanocrystalline CdS." Journal of Materials Science 45, no. 12 (2010): 3254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4333-7.

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Qiu, Ying Ning, Wei Sheng Lu, and Stephane Calvez. "Quantum Confinement Stark Effect of Different Gainnas Quantum Well Structures." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.622.

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The quantum confinement Stark effect of three types of GaInNAs quantum wells, namely single square quantum well, stepped quantum wells and coupled quantum wells, is investigated using the band anti-crossing model. The comparison between experimental observation and modeling result validate the modeling process. The effects of the external electric field and localized N states on the quantized energy shifts of these three structures are compared and analyzed. The external electric field applied to the QW not only changes the potential profile but also modulates the localized N states, which cau

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Lo, Ikai, K. H. Lee, Li-Wei Tu, et al. "Thermal effect on quantum confinement in ZnS0.06Se0.94/Zn0.8Cd0.2Se quantum wells." Solid State Communications 120, no. 4 (2001): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(01)00369-6.

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Keiper, R., W. Wang, and I. P. Zvyagin. "Effect of Quantum confinement on impurity hopping in quantum wells." physica status solidi (b) 193, no. 1 (1996): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221930111.

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Ferry, David K., Josef Weinbub, Mihail Nedjalkov, and Siegfried Selberherr. "A review of quantum transport in field-effect transistors." Semiconductor Science and Technology 37, no. 4 (2022): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ac4405.

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Abstract Confinement in small structures has required quantum mechanics, which has been known for a great many years. This leads to quantum transport. The field-effect transistor has had no need to be described by quantum transport over most of the century for which it has existed. But, this has changed in the past few decades, as modern versions tend to be absolutely controlled by quantum confinement and the resulting modifications to the normal classical descriptions. In addition, correlation and confinement lead to a need for describing the transport by quantum methods as well. In this revi

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Hai-Jun, Wang, and Geng Wen-Tong. "Quark confinement and the fractional quantum Hall effect." Chinese Physics C 32, no. 9 (2008): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/32/9/006.

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Jun, Shen, Zhu Lei, Wang Jue, Li Yufen, and Wu Xiang. "Quantum Confinement Effect of Fullerenes in Silica Aerogel." Chinese Physics Letters 12, no. 11 (1995): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/12/11/014.

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Arul, N. Sabari, D. Mangalaraj, Pao Chi Chen, N. Ponpandian, and C. Viswanathan. "Strong quantum confinement effect in nanocrystalline cerium oxide." Materials Letters 65, no. 17-18 (2011): 2635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.05.022.

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XIAO, YANG, CHAOBIN HE, XUEHONG LU, and XINHAI ZHANG. "ORGANIC–INORGANIC HYBRID NANOPARTICLES WITH QUANTUM CONFINEMENT EFFECT." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 01n02 (2009): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09005980.

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Hybrid light emitting nanoparticles with diameter range from 2 to 4 nm were prepared via grafting organic-conjugated chains directly onto an inorganic rigid cage polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). The unique properties of these particles show evidence of quantum confinement effect on the conjugated short chains by two barriers of POSS cage and alkyl chains. The confinement effects are revealed in five aspects. First, the UV and PL spectra redshift as increasing the length of conjugated chains. This phenomenon can be considered as size effect. Second, PL spectra of these nanoparticle

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Yang, Leon, Devon Reed, Kofi W. Adu, and Ana Laura Elias Arriaga. "Quantum Confinement Effect in the Absorption Spectra of Graphene Quantum Dots." MRS Advances 4, no. 3-4 (2019): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.18.

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ABSTRACTOur preliminary investigation of the absorption and the photoluminescence response of selectively separated graphene quantum dots using centrifugation indicate that the photoluminescence is more sensitive to the size of the quantum dot than the absorption. We observed ∼143nm blueshift from 623nm to 480nm in the visible region of the photoluminescence with increasing successive centrifugation (decreasing size) and not in the corresponding absorption spectra in the visible region. However, for the first time, we observed a blueshift in the absorption spectra in the UV regions that is ten

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Kang, Kicheon, and B. I. Min. "Effect of quantum confinement on electron tunneling through a quantum dot." Physical Review B 55, no. 23 (1997): 15412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.55.15412.

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Zhong, Guyue, Q. Xie, and Gang Xu. "Confinement Effect Driven Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Monolayer AuTe2Cl." SPIN 09, no. 04 (2019): 1940014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324719400149.

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Based on first-principles calculations, we predict that the monolayer AuTe2Cl is a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator with a topological band gap about 10 meV. The three-dimensional (3D) AuTe2Cl is a topological semimetal that can be viewed as the monolayer stacking along [Formula: see text] axis. By studying the energy-level distribution of [Formula: see text] orbitals of Te atoms for the bulk and the monolayer, we find that the confinement effect driven [Formula: see text] band inversion is responsible for the topological nontrivial nature of monolayer. Since 3D bulk AuTe2Cl has already been

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Lotin, A. A., O. A. Novodvorsky, L. S. Parshina, E. V. Khaydukov, O. D. Khramova, and V. Ya Panchenko. "The quantum confinement effect observed in the multiple quantum wells Mg0.27Zn0.73O/ZnO." Laser Physics 21, no. 3 (2011): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x11050215.

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Ding, S. A., M. Ikeda, M. Fukuda, S. Miyazaki, and M. Hirose. "Quantum confinement effect in self-assembled, nanometer silicon dots." Applied Physics Letters 73, no. 26 (1998): 3881–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122923.

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Jang, Eue-Soon, Jun Young Bae, Jinkyoung Yoo, et al. "Quantum confinement effect in ZnO∕Mg0.2Zn0.8O multishell nanorod heterostructures." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 2 (2006): 023102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2162695.

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Kumar, V., K. Saxena, and A. K. Shukla. "Size‐dependent photoluminescence in silicon nanostructures: quantum confinement effect." Micro & Nano Letters 8, no. 6 (2013): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2012.0910.

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Banerjee, S., A. K. Maity, and D. Chakravorty. "Quantum confinement effect in heat treated silver oxide nanoparticles." Journal of Applied Physics 87, no. 12 (2000): 8541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373575.

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Zhang, Depeng, Zhiyuan Zhang, Wanrun Jiang, Yi Gao, and Zhigang Wang. "Effect of confinement on water rotation via quantum tunnelling." Nanoscale 10, no. 39 (2018): 18622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr05137b.

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Feng, Sunqi, Dapeng Yu, Hongzhou Zhang, et al. "Growth mechanism and quantum confinement effect of silicon nanowires." Science in China Series A: Mathematics 42, no. 12 (1999): 1316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02876033.

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Rahmani, Meisam, Razali Ismail, M. T. Ahmadi, and M. H. Ghadiry. "Quantum confinement effect on trilayer graphene nanoribbon carrier concentration." Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 9, no. 1 (2013): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2013.794309.

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