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1
Duralia, Oana. "Consumer Perception of Competitiveness – Theoretical-Instrumental Approach." Studies in Business and Economics 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2016-0004.
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AbstractBehaviorist economic approach has recorded a quantum leap in a relatively short period of time, as studying the relationship between consumer behavior and companies’ strategic decisions based on market competitiveness are no longer an unknown area. However, this issue remains actual in view of the fact that during the decision process of purchase, consumers do not always behave rationally, as they are the only ones who can appreciate if the offer of the company, in terms of range, quality, price and auxiliary services meet their needs or not. In this context, this paper aims to deepen the existing interconnection between the market decisions of the enterprise and consumer behavior, as measure standard for the competitiveness of a firm on a certain market.
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Doroshenko, O. I., and S. A. Borisenko. "STATIC VECTOR-QUANTUM TRANSFORMER MODEL ELECTRIC TRANSMISSIONS INDUSTRIAL AND SIMILAR TO THEM ELECTRICITY CONSUMERS UNDER 0.4 KV." ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 33, no. 108 (November 30, 2020): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.32.108.2020.8.
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Based on modern quantum physics, an original approach is proposed to the principle of mod- eling the transmission of electrical energy to industrial and equated consumers with a design power of up to 1000 kVA, which is performed using transformers of the ТМ-6(10)/0,4 kV type, provided that their secondary voltage is a potential form of SES electromagnetic energy supplied to such consumers. At the same time, thenormal mode of the maximum load of the transformer is considered when its active and reactive loads are equal, at which the reactive load factor of the consumer's power supply system has the highest permissible value (the phase angle of the sinusoidal voltage current is zero). A static vector-quantum model of a trans- former power transmission has been developed, which simplifies the understanding of the process of com- pensating for the reactive load of a transformer and makes it possible to refine the operating power of a ca- pacitor bank with 0.4 kV capacitors. At the same time, the idea is confirmed that the value of the reactive load factor of a transformer is not only the main criterion for the electromagnetic compatibility of the SES of a particular electricity consumer, but also a criterion for its economic efficiency. Using the numerical value of such a coefficient, it is possible to determine the value of the economic equivalent of the reactive load of a particular SES. At the same time, such a coefficient should be normalized to each specific consumer at the point of division of the balance sheet belonging to the electrical network of such a consumer.
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Rosenbaum, Mark Scott, Germán Contreras Ramírez, Karen Edwards, Jiyeon Kim, Jeffery M. Campbell, and Marianne C. Bickle. "The digitization of health care retailing." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 11, no. 4 (September 10, 2017): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-07-2017-0058.
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Purpose This paper aims to offer insights into the impact of digitization technology on consumer goods manufacturers and retail organizations. The authors propose that the “next phase” of digitization will entail the employment of digitization technology to offer consumers personalized product offerings and recommendations based on their internal biomarkers. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on past investigations into digitization and their retailing experience to speculate on how the next phase of digitization will affect both consumer goods manufacturers and retailers. Findings The next phase of digitization will entail the use of nutrigenomics (DNA sequencing), exhaled breath analysis, fitness tracker devices, sensory patches, radio frequency identification tags and quantum ID tags to create customized and recommend products, and support product-to-customer communication regarding authenticity. Research limitations/implications Consumers will increasingly rely on technology to inform them of their bodily needs and to receive personalized solutions to help satisfy those needs. Consumer behavior theories must be reconsidered because consumers will become more passive participants in retail consumption as they rely on technology for need-recognition and product-fulfillment. Social implications Digitization technologies that use consumers’ biomarkers for new product creation or product recommendation raise new risks and uncertainty. For example, the legal implications of an incorrect product recommendation based on customer biomarkers are unknown. Furthermore, retailers would need to maintain data privacy of biomarker data and be responsible for data breaches. Originality/value The research explores how digitization will affect consumers’ in-store experiences with consumer goods products.
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Mohanty, Saraju P. "Quantum Computing in Consumer Electronics [Notes from the Editor]." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 7, no. 6 (November 2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2018.2851740.
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Liu, Jingyu, John Katahara, Guanglai Li, Seth Coe-Sullivan, and Robert H. Hurt. "Degradation Products from Consumer Nanocomposites: A Case Study on Quantum Dot Lighting." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 6 (March 7, 2012): 3220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es204430f.
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Ďuriš, Viliam, Renáta Bartková, and Anna Tirpáková. "Several Limit Theorems on Fuzzy Quantum Space." Mathematics 9, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9040438.
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The probability theory using fuzzy random variables has applications in several scientific disciplines. These are mainly technical in scope, such as in the automotive industry and in consumer electronics, for example, in washing machines, televisions, and microwaves. The theory is gradually entering the domain of finance where people work with incomplete data. We often find that events in the financial markets cannot be described precisely, and this is where we can use fuzzy random variables. By proving the validity of the theorem on extreme values of fuzzy quantum space in our article, we see possible applications for estimating financial risks with incomplete data.
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El-Khchine, Radouane, Amine Amar, Zine Elabidine Guennoun, Charaf Bensouda, and Youness Laaroussi. "Machine Learning for Supply Chain’s Big Data: State of the art and application to Social Networks’ data." MATEC Web of Conferences 200 (2018): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820000015.
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In the context of today ’s pattern of globalization and a huge amount of information, a smart supply management chain is required. Naturally, statistics and operations research are used for optimizing supply and demand objectives. However, the new context brings out new opportunities at descriptive, predictive and prescriptive levels for supply chain network design, logistics and distribution and strategic sourcing. The key question is still how to capture and to use information. One striking example can be taken from social media, where their use allow to gain insight into the perception of consumers and to capture a real time overview of consumer reactions, regarding one or more specific events. In this regard, different modern approaches, such as IoT or Quantum neural network, are developed. In the same line of thought, we propose an analytic approach, based on KNN, Logistic Regression and SVM with the use of Twitter data in chicken supply chain management. Results identify the main concerns related to chicken products and allow to the development of a consumer-centric supply chain. The proposed approach can be extended to other topics such as anomaly detection and codification of customer intelligence.
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Doroshenko, O. I., and S. A. Borisenko. "ABOUT PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS OF POWER SUPPLIES INDUSTRIAL AND SIMILAR TO THEM POWER CONSUMERS." ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 33, no. 109 (December 22, 2020): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.33.109.2020.7.
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Based on modern quantum physics, an original approach is proposed to the principle of mod- eling the transmission of electrical energy to industrial and equated consumers with a design power of up to 1000 kVA, which is performed using transformers of the TM-6 (10) / 0.4 kV type, provided that that their secondary voltage is a potential form of the SES electromagnetic energy supplied to such consumers. At the same time, the normal mode of the maximum load of the transformer is considered when its active and reac- tive loads are equal, at which the reactive load factor of the consumer's power supply system has the highest permissible value (the phase angle of the sinusoidal voltage current is zero). A static vector-quantum model of a transformer power transmission has been developed, which simplifies the understanding of the process of compensating for the reactive load of a transformer and makes it possible to refine the operating power of a capacitor bank with 0.4 kV capacitors. At the same time, the idea is confirmed that the value of the reactive load factor of a transformer is not only the main criterion for the electromagnetic compatibility of the SES of a particular electricity consumer, but also a criterion for its economic efficiency. Using the numerical value of such a coefficient, it is possible to determine the value of the economic equivalent of the reactive load of a particular SES.
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Pickett, Nigel L., Nathalie C. Gresty, and Margaret A. Hines. "34-1:Invited Paper: Heavy Metal-Free Quantum Dots Making Inroads for Consumer Applications." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 47, no. 1 (May 2016): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.10694.
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Leigh, Kenton, Jennifer Bouldin, and Roger Buchanan. "Effects of Exposure to Semiconductor Nanoparticles on Aquatic Organisms." Journal of Toxicology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/397657.
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Because of their unique physical, optical, and mechanical properties, nanomaterials hold great promise in improving on a wide variety of current technologies. Consequently, their use in research and consumer products is increasing rapidly, and contamination of the environment with various nanomaterials seems inevitable. Because surface waters receive pollutants and contaminants from many sources including nanoparticles and act as reservoirs and conduits for many environmental contaminants, understanding the potential impacts of nanoparticles on the organisms within these environments is critical to evaluating their potential toxicity. While there is much to be learned about interactions between nanomaterials and aquatic systems, there have been a number of recent reports of interactions of quantum dots (QDs) with aquatic environments and aquatic organisms. This review is focused on providing a summary of recent work investigating the impacts of quantum dots on aquatic organisms.
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Фатеев, В. Ф., Ю. Ф. Смирнов, А. И. Жариков, Е. А. Рыбаков, and Ф. Р. Смирнов. "Эксперимент по повышению точности передачи шкалы времени на основе метода релятивистской синхронизации." Письма в журнал технической физики 47, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2021.01.50457.18526.
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The results of an experiment on time scale transmission to a remote consumer using the relativistic synchronization method are presented. The transmission of the time scale is carried out using a Transported Quantum Clock on an automobile chassis along federal roads for a distance of over 5 thousand kilometers. The results obtained were confirmed by an independent method for comparing time scales based on Global Navigation Satellite System signals. The error of the relativistic synchronization method does not exceed 150 ps, which is significantly better than using other methods.
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Humble, Travis. "Consumer Applications of Quantum Computing: A Promising Approach for Secure Computation, Trusted Data Storage, and Efficient Applications." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 7, no. 6 (November 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2017.2755298.
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Phillips, Fred, and Doug Kalesnikoff. "Q-Dots Incorporated: Assurance for a Nanotechnology Buyout." Issues in Accounting Education 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2006.21.2.147.
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Q-Dots Incorporated is a nanotechnology firm that claims to be the original inventor and developer of quantum dots—a technology that has far-reaching applications in fields ranging from electronic consumer products to scientific discovery. The majority owner of Q-Dots is a scientist at heart, and wants to completely remove herself from the commercial side of her work. She has received a buy-out offer from her management team on which she has requested your firm's advice. Drawing on your knowledge of performance measurement and assurance, you will prepare a memo that analyzes how your firm will respond to her request.
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Patni, Ity, and Somya Choubey. "ARTHASHASTRA V/S GRAHASHASTRA- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GOLD MONETISATION SCHEME (GMS) IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i11.2016.2418.
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Indian people treasure investment in Gold. The quantum of perceived value weighs more as emotional quotient is higher for this yellow metal. Families in India think that ‘gold brings good fortune’. This inclination can be observed with the supporting fact that India has outshined itself as the largest gold consumer with 703 tons of gold jewelry in the year 2015. The summative demand of gold jewelry and investment has risen by 6% through which the demand has surged to 890 tons in this year (Shawn, 2016). Phenomenon for investment in gold in India and China is inelastic, despite of price fluctuations, populace continues gaze at gold.
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Kania, Katarzyna Dominika, Waldemar Wagner, and Łukasz Pułaski. "CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell-Type Quantum Dot Nanoparticles Disrupt the Cellular Homeostasis in Cellular Blood–Brain Barrier Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031068.
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Two immortalized brain microvascular endothelial cell lines (hCMEC/D3 and RBE4, of human and rat origin, respectively) were applied as an in vitro model of cellular elements of the blood–brain barrier in a nanotoxicological study. We evaluated the impact of CdSe/ZnS core-shell-type quantum dot nanoparticles on cellular homeostasis, using gold nanoparticles as a largely bioorthogonal control. While the investigated nanoparticles had surprisingly negligible acute cytotoxicity in the evaluated models, a multi-faceted study of barrier-related phenotypes and cell condition revealed a complex pattern of homeostasis disruption. Interestingly, some features of the paracellular barrier phenotype (transendothelial electrical resistance, tight junction protein gene expression) were improved by exposure to nanoparticles in a potential hormetic mechanism. However, mitochondrial potential and antioxidant defences largely collapsed under these conditions, paralleled by a strong pro-apoptotic shift in a significant proportion of cells (evidenced by apoptotic protein gene expression, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and membrane phosphatidylserine exposure). Taken together, our results suggest a reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular mechanism of blood–brain barrier damage by quantum dots, which may be toxicologically significant in the face of increasing human exposure to this type of nanoparticles, both intended (in medical applications) and more often unintended (from consumer goods-derived environmental pollution).
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Avila-Huerta, Mariana D., Edwin J. Ortiz-Riaño, Diana L. Mancera-Zapata, and Eden Morales-Narváez. "Real-Time Pathogen Determination by Optical Biosensing Based on Graphene Oxide." Proceedings 60, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecb2020-07016.
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Pathogenic bacterial contamination in food is a public health concern. It represents a health and safety consumer risk that could cause several diseases and even death. Currently, the food industry uses culture-based assays to determine the presence of pathogens as a gold standard method. Although this method is highly accurate, it is often time-consuming and expensive. In this regard, the development of biosensing platforms results as an alternative for the reduction of time and cost of pathogenic bacteria detection in food. In this work, we report the development of a single-step bacterial detection platform based on graphene oxide. Non-radiative energy transfer between graphene oxide coated microplates (GOMs) and photoluminescence bioprobes (PLBs) is presented in absence of the target analyte, but in presence of analyte, PLBs exhibit strong photoluminescence due to the distance between GOMs and PLBs. These PLBs are based on quantum dot (Qds)-antibody (Ab) complexes, thereby resulting as a biorecognition and interrogation element. Escherichia coli was used as model analyte. In optimal conditions, the bacterial detection platform reached a limit of detection around 2 CFU mL−1 in 30 min, enabling a fast and sensitive alternative for bacterial detection. The biosensing platform was also used to test food industry samples achieving a qualitative response, that allows determining the presence of E. coli during the first 30 min of the assay. This biosensing strategy potentially offers a low-cost and quick option for the food industry to assure the quality of the product and consumer safety.
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WANG, CHAN, and YAN HUANG. "GREEN ROUTE TO PREPARE BIOCOMPATIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED THIOLATE-PROTECTED COPPER NANOCLUSTERS FOR CELLULAR IMAGING." Nano 08, no. 05 (August 18, 2013): 1350054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292013500549.
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Ultra-small and functional copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have been extensively used in consumer technologies due to their superior properties. A simple and green way to prepare stable, water-soluble and near-infrared (NIR) Cu NCs by using a reducing agent was reported in this work. Reduced glutathione (GSH) worked as an important scaffold to prevent NCs from aggregating. Since GSH has functional groups such as carboxyl and amino, it can also be used in reducing Cu 2+ ions. The resulting GSH– Cu NCs with a particle size of 2.5 nm have good dispersibility in aqueous solution, and show NIR emission with a wavelength of 700 nm (quantum yield 0.6%). MC3T3-E1 cells are used as an example in the fluorescence imaging of GSH– Cu NCs. Several promising features including NIR fluorescence, good water-solubility and biocompatibility, bioactive surface and ultra-small size make the GSH– Cu NCs a good probe for cells.
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Krishnamoorthi, Chickian, and C. K. Sivashankari. "Production inventory models for deteiorative items with three levels of production and shortages." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 27, no. 4 (2017): 499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor150630014k.
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In this paper, three level production inventory models for deteriorative items are considered under the variation in production rate. Namely, it is possible that production started at one rate, after some time, switches to another rate. Such a situation is desirable in the sense that by starting at a low rate of production, a large quantum stock of manufacturing items at the initial stage are avoided, leading to reduction in the holding cost. The variation in production rate results in consumer satisfaction and potential profit. Two levels of production inventory models are developed, and the optimum lot size quantity and total cost are derived when the production inventory model without shortages is studied first and a production inventory model with shortages next. An optimal production lot size, which minimizes the total cost, is developed. The optimal solution is derived and a numerical example is provided. The validation of the results in this model was coded in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0.
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Mina, Mihai-Zicu, and Pantelimon Popescu. "EntangleNet: Theoretical Reestablishment of Entanglement in Quantum Networks †." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101935.
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In the practical context of quantum networks, the most reliable method of transmitting quantum information is via teleportation because quantum states are highly sensitive. However, teleportation consumes a shared maximally entangled state. Two parties Alice and Bob located at separate nodes that wish to reestablish their shared entanglement will not send entangled qubits directly to achieve this goal, but rather employ a more efficient mechanism that ensures minimal time resources. In this paper, we present a quantum routing scheme that exploits entanglement swapping to reestablish consumed entanglement. It improves and generalizes previous work on the subject and reduces the entanglement distribution time by a factor of 4 k in an arbitrary scale quantum network, where N = 4 k - 1 is a required number of quantum nodes located between source and destination. In addition, k is the greatest positive integer considered by Alice or Bob, such that afterwards they choose N quantum switches.
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Liu, Lianggui. "The Most Trustworthy Path Selection in Online Social Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/408148.
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In online social networks, it is crucial for a service consumer to find the most trustworthy path to a target service provider from numerous social trust paths between them. The selection of the most trustworthy path (namely, optimal social trust path (OSTP)) with multiple end-to-end quality of trust (QoT) constraints has been proved to be NP-Complete. Heuristic algorithms with polynomial and pseudo-polynomial-time complexities are often used to deal with this challenging problem. However, existing solutions cannot guarantee the efficiency of searching; that is, they can hardly avoid obtaining partial optimal solutions during searching process. Quantum annealing uses delocalization and tunneling to avoid falling into local minima without sacrificing execution time. It has been proved to be a promising way to many optimization problems in recently published literature. In this paper, for the first time, QA based OSTP algorithm (QA_OSTP) is applied to the selection of the most trustworthy path. The experiment results show that QA based algorithm has better performance than its heuristic opponents.
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Xu, Haixia, Haiyan Cen, Zhihong Ma, Liang Wan, Weijun Zhou, and Yong He. "Assessment of Seed Yield and Quality of Winter Oilseed Rape Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Pods." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 2 (2020): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13176.
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Abstract. Oilseed rape is one of the leading sources of vegetable oil in the world. Maximizing the seed yield and quality is crucial to improve the profit for farmers and meet the increasing consumer demand for healthy vegetable oil. However, the current evaluation process of seed yield and quality is tedious and inefficient due to its dependence on wet chemistry methods and/or manual measurements of small sample sizes. Because the photosynthesis of pods plays an important role in the accumulation of grain filling, this research aimed to evaluate the seed yield and quality of oilseed rape by using chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters. The OJIP kinetics of rape pods were acquired in two independent experiments with different levels of nitrogen (N) application and different crop varieties, respectively. The JIP-test showed that the level of N fertilizer can influence the plant photosynthetic capacity and crop productivity, and the photosynthetic response also varied in the different varieties. The maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was a sensitive indicator for evaluating the performance of photosystem II (PSII) activity with the different N applications and varieties. Increased quantum yield and efficiency with more active reaction centers (RCs) were observed under increased N application as well as with variety GY605, leading to higher energy utilization efficiencies. However, superior photosynthetic apparatus in pods is not recommended in high-quality seed breeding because it would increase the contents of glucosinolates and erucic acid. In addition, the random forest (RF) algorithm was proven to be effective in feature selection, and the selected fluorescence parameters mostly showed high correlations with seed yield and quality. These results demonstrate the potential of the ChlF method for assessing the seed yield and quality of oilseed rape at the early podding stage, which could also be useful for advancing crop breeding and improving agronomic management. Keywords: Agronomic management, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Crop varieties, JIP-test, Oilseed rape, Seed quality, Seed yield.
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Amadi, Agatha, Kehinde A. Adetiloye, Abiola Babajide, and Idimmachi Amadi. "Banking system stability: A prerequisite for financing the Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(2).2021.10.
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The banking system, which has been the fulcrum of funding for Nigeria’s economy, is plagued by instability in the face of a growing amount of non-performing loans. This is examined in the current milieu of the need for funding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a number of proxies for SDGs 8 and 9, annual time series data covering 1992 to 2019 were used with variables such as GDP per capita, commercial banks’ loans to small-scale enterprises, banking system stability indicators and liquid assets to total assets of banks. The study utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag. Findings showed that banking system stability has a significant positive effect on funding the SDGs 8 and 9 beyond the five per cent level of significance within the study period. Non-performing loans remained negative throughout the study. The result suggests that banking stability would enhance funding of the SDGs, and banks would be stable if they finance the SDGs. The policy implication explains the importance of banks actively pursuing opportunities to build sustainable enterprises and developing strategies that will enable their core banking business to be more venture-driven rather than consumer-oriented. In conclusion, there is a need to completely eliminate or reduce the quantum of non-performing loans from the system and establish a regulatory framework that will facilitate its expected role of intermediation in the economy profitably and successfully. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to appreciate Covenant University for financial support to publish this paper.
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Ledwig, Piotr, Malgorzata Kac, Agnieszka Kopia, Jan Falkus, and Beata Dubiel. "Microstructure and Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe Coatings." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 3886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143886.
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Materials based on Ni-Co-Fe alloys, due to their excellent magnetic properties, attract great attention in nanotechnology, especially as candidates for high-density magnetic recording media and other applications from spintronic to consumer electronics. In this study, Ni-Co-Fe nanocrystalline coatings were electrodeposited from citrate-sulfate baths with the Ni2+:Co2+:Fe2+ ion concentration ratios equal to 15:1:1, 15:2:1, and 15:4:1. The effect of the composition of the bath on the morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness, and magnetic properties of the coatings was examined. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study surface morphology, microstructure, chemical, and phase composition. Isothermal cross-sections of the Ni-Co-Fe ternary equilibrium system for the temperature of 50 °C and 600 °C were generated using the FactSage package. Magnetic properties were analyzed by a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID). All the coatings were composed of a single phase being face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution. They were characterized by a smooth surface with globular morphology and a nanocrystalline structure of grain diameter below 30 nm. It was determined that Ni-Co-Fe coatings exhibit high hardness above 4.2 GPa. The measurements of hysteresis loops showed a significant value of magnetization saturation and small coercivity. The microstructure and properties of the obtained nanocrystalline coatings are interesting in terms of their future use in micromechanical devices (MEMS).
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Duarte Alonso, Abel, and Ian Patrick Austin. "The significance of organisational learning in a global context." Review of International Business and Strategy 27, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-09-2016-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine organisational learning (OL) among firms involved in global-trade relationships. The study adopts the stakeholder theory (ST) and the knowledge-based theory (KBT) of the firm to illuminate the research and facilitate the understanding of the areas under investigation. The study, therefore, makes contributions to the extant international business and strategy literature, both in new empirical evidence and in theoretical refinement. Design/methodology/approach In-depth, unstructured, face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted with owners/co-owners of nine Western Australian firms operating internationally. Findings Collectively, participants perceive improvements in trade relationships through increased understanding and knowledge. Importantly, OL is significantly affected by systematic and dramatic/strategic quantum change. Alignments with ST and KBT emerged, emphasising the usefulness of these frameworks to understand owners/co-owners’ best-practice stakeholder management. Furthermore, the study proposes a refinement of these frameworks to facilitate understanding of the participating firms’ OL-related strategies. Originality/value While there is a rich body of literature on OL, various knowledge gaps have been identified in contemporary research. The study provides value by contributing to new knowledge in these areas and by proposing a refinement of the used theoretical frameworks in explaining OL among Western Australian global firms. In addition, despite Western Australia’s geographic proximity to various overseas consumer markets, very few empirical studies have examined the above areas in the context of this state’s firms. By focusing on Western Australian firms, the study also provides an element of originality.
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Wu, You, Lei Feng Liu, Xue Liang Zhao, and Kun Hua Zhong. "Implementation of SVD Parallel Algorithm and its Application in Medical Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.515.
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Singular value decomposition (SVD) is an important part of the numerical calculateion.It is widely used in biology, meteorology, quantum mechanics and other fields. It is discovered that the speed of calculation and accuracy has become the two basic questions of singular value decomposition during the construction process. With the era of big data,there are more and more cases of largescale data analysis using SVD. Singular value decomposition was originally an algorithm for computing resources are consumed, if still using the traditional stand-alone mode, will consume a lot of time cost. In order to improve the computing speed and accuracy, the system implement the parallel SVD algorithm which is based on unilateral jacobi method.It is used to analyze large-scale matrix about medicine for finding similarity of medicine efficacy.
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Kaur, Inderpreet, Shriniwas Yadav, Sukhbir Singh, Vanish Kumar, Shweta Arora, and Deepika Bhatnagar. "Nano Electronics: A New Era of Devices." Solid State Phenomena 222 (November 2014): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.222.99.
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The technical and economic growth of the twentieth century was marked by evolution of electronic devices and gadgets. The day-to-day lifestyle has been significantly affected by the advancement in communication systems, information systems and consumer electronics. The lifeline of progress has been the invention of the transistor and its dynamic up-gradation. Discovery of fabricating Integrated Circuits (IC’s) revolutionized the concept of electronic circuits. With advent of time the size of components decreased, which led to increase in component density. This trend of decreasing device size and denser integrated circuits is being limited by the current lithography techniques. Non-uniformity of doping, quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons from source to drain and leakage of electrons through gate oxide limit scaling down of devices. Heat dissipation and capacitive coupling between circuit components becomes significant with decreasing size of the components. Along with the intrinsic technical limitations, downscaling of devices to nanometer sizes leads to a change in the physical mechanisms controlling the charge propagation. To deal with this constraint, the search is on to look around for alternative materials for electronic device application and new methods for electronic device fabrication. Such material is comprised of organic molecules, proteins, carbon materials, DNA and the list is endless which can be grown in the laboratory. Many molecules show interesting electronic properties, which make them probable candidates for electronic device applications. The challenge is to interpret their electronic properties at nanoscale so as to exploit them for use in new generation electronic devices. Need to trim downsize and have a higher component density have ushered us into an era of nanoelectronics.
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Rahimi, Ehsan, and Jeffrey R. Reimers. "Molecular quantum cellular automata cell design trade-offs: latching vs. power dissipation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 26 (2018): 17881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02886a.
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A new way of using molecules to enact switches in quantum cellular automata (QCA) is proposed, utilizing monostable molecules that neither provide latching nor consume power; properties are compared to those for conventional bistable switches that both latch and consume power.
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Wang, Zhanyun, Matthew MacLeod, Ian T. Cousins, Martin Scheringer, and Konrad Hungerbühler. "Using COSMOtherm to predict physicochemical properties of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs)." Environmental Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2011): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10143.
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Environmental contextPoly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) include a wide range of individual compounds that are used in many consumer products, but only a few physicochemical property data are available for these chemicals. Here we provide estimates of physicochemical properties (vapour pressure, water solubility, etc.) of 130 individual PFASs derived with a quantum-chemical model. Our results provide insight into the effect of molecular structure on the properties of PFASs and a basis for estimating the environmental partitioning and fate of PFASs. AbstractRecently, there has been concern about the presence of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment, biota and humans. However, lack of physicochemical data has limited the application of environmental fate models to understand the environmental distribution and ultimate fate of PFASs. We employ the COSMOtherm model to estimate physicochemical properties for 130 individual PFASs, namely perfluoroalkyl acids (including branched isomers for C4–C8 perfluorocarboxylic acids), their precursors and some important intermediates. The estimated physicochemical properties are interpreted using structure-property relationships and rationalised with insight into molecular interactions. Within a homologous series of linear PFASs with the same functional group, both air–water and octanol–water partition coefficient increase with increasing perfluorinated chain length, likely due to increasing molecular volume. For PFASs with the same perfluorinated chain length but different functional groups, the ability of the functional group to form hydrogen bonds strongly influences the chemicals’ partitioning behaviour. The partitioning behaviour of all theoretically possible branched isomers can vary considerably; however, the predominant isopropyl and monomethyl branched isomers in technical mixtures have similar properties as their linear counterparts (differences below 0.5log units). Our property estimates provide a basis for further environmental modelling, but with some caveats and limitations.
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Namkung, Min, and Younghun Kwon. "Coherence and Entanglement Dynamics in Training Variational Quantum Perceptron." Entropy 22, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111277.
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In quantum computation, what contributes supremacy of quantum computation? One of the candidates is known to be a quantum coherence because it is a resource used in the various quantum algorithms. We reveal that quantum coherence contributes to the training of variational quantum perceptron proposed by Y. Du et al., arXiv:1809.06056 (2018). In detail, we show that in the first part of the training of the variational quantum perceptron, the quantum coherence of the total system is concentrated in the index register and in the second part, the Grover algorithm consumes the quantum coherence in the index register. This implies that the quantum coherence distribution and the quantum coherence depletion are required in the training of variational quantum perceptron. In addition, we investigate the behavior of entanglement during the training of variational quantum perceptron. We show that the bipartite concurrence between feature and index register decreases since Grover operation is only performed on the index register. Also, we reveal that the concurrence between the two qubits of index register increases as the variational quantum perceptron is trained.
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Loveridge, Leon, Raouf Dridi, and Robert Raussendorf. "Topos logic in measurement-based quantum computation." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2176 (April 2015): 20140716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0716.
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We report first steps towards elucidating the relationship between contextuality, measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) and the non-classical logic of a topos associated with the computation. We show that, in a class of MBQC, classical universality requires non-classical logic, which is ‘consumed’ during the course of the computation, thereby pinpointing another potential quantum computational resource.
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Patel, Raj B., Terry Rudolph, and Geoff J. Pryde. "An experimental quantum Bernoulli factory." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaau6668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau6668.
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There has been a concerted effort to identify problems computable with quantum technology, which are intractable with classical technology or require far fewer resources to compute. Recently, randomness processing in a Bernoulli factory has been identified as one such task. Here, we report two quantum photonic implementations of a Bernoulli factory, one using quantum coherence and single-qubit measurements and the other one using quantum coherence and entangling measurements of two qubits. We show that the former consumes three orders of magnitude fewer resources than the best-known classical method, while entanglement offers a further fivefold reduction. These concepts may provide a means for quantum-enhanced performance in the simulation of stochastic processes and sampling tasks.
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Boldyreva, Liudmila B. "Quantum correlations — Spin supercurrents." International Journal of Quantum Information 12, no. 01 (February 2014): 1450007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749914500075.
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The paper concerns some optical phenomena where quantum correlations take place: two-photon and three-photon interference, the photon antibunching, squeezed vacuum. The main properties of quantum correlations are: they do not depend on the distance, do not consume energy, take place for quantum entities both with zero and with nonzero rest mass, take place in the physical vacuum, that is, it is not necessary for the quantum entities to be detected simultaneously. A physical process is discussed which is responsible for quantum correlations in such macrosystem as superfluid 3 He – B . An analogy is shown between the properties of spin supercurrents in superfluid 3 He – B and the above properties of quantum correlations for quantum entities. The important feature of spin supercurrents is that they are not accompanied by any mass transfer.
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CHAMOLI, ARTI, and C. M. BHANDARI. "TELEPORTATION OF UNKNOWN STATE BY QUTRITS." International Journal of Quantum Information 06, no. 02 (April 2008): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749908003402.
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Quantum entanglement, like other resources, is now considered to be a resource. It can be produced, concentrated if required, swapped, transported and consumed. During recent years, various schemes of quantum state teleportation have been proposed using different types of quantum channels. Not restricting to qubit based systems, qutrit states and channels have also been of considerable interest. In the present paper, we investigate the teleportation of an unknown single qutrit state, as well as a two qutrit state through a three qutrit quantum channel, along with the required operations to recover the state. This is further generalized to the case of teleportation of an n-qutrit system.
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AL-RABADI, ANAS N. "QUANTUM LOGIC CIRCUIT DESIGN OF MANY-VALUED GALOIS REVERSIBLE EXPANSIONS AND FAST TRANSFORMS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 05 (October 2007): 641–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607003939.
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Many-valued quantum circuit synthesis of many-valued reversible expansions and fast transforms is introduced in this paper. Since the reduction of power consumption is a major requirement for the circuit design in future technologies, such as in quantum computing, the main features of several future technologies will include reversibility. Consequently, the new quantum circuits can play an important task in the design of future circuits that consume minimal power. In addition, the new quantum circuit methodology is general and can be used to realize any multiple-valued function in the quantum space. It is also shown that the structural generality advantage that results from the new design methodology is opposed with the increased quantum structural complexity disadvantage which may be considered in any further cost-benefit design analysis.
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Fan, Jihao, Hanwu Chen, and Juan Xu. "Constructions of q-ary entanglement-assisted quantum MDS codes with minimum distance greater than q+1." Quantum Information and Computation 16, no. 5&6 (April 2016): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic16.5-6-2.
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he entanglement-assisted stabilizer formalism provides a useful framework for constructing quantum error-correcting codes (QECC), which can transform arbitrary classical linear codes into entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes (EAQECCs) by using pre-shared entanglement between the sender and the receiver. In this paper, we construct five classes of entanglement-assisted quantum MDS (EAQMDS) codes based on classical MDS codes by exploiting one or more pre-shared maximally entangled states. We show that these EAQMDS codes have much larger minimum distance than the standard quantum MDS (QMDS) codes of the same length, and three classes of these EAQMDS codes consume only one pair of maximally entangled states.
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Wang, Rongyu, and Xuan Zhao. "Product Line Design with Quantal Consumer Preferences." Universal Journal of Management 8, no. 5 (September 2020): 264–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2020.080505.
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Pretorius, I. S. "The genetic improvement of grapevine cultivars and wine yeast strains: Novel approaches to the ancient art of winemaking." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 22, no. 1 (September 26, 2003): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v22i1.208.
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The widening gap between wine production and wine consumption, the shift of consumer preferences away from basic commodity wine to top quality wine, and the gruelling competition brought about by economic globalisation call for a total revolution in the magical world of wine. In the process of transforming the wine industry from a production-driven industry to a market-orientated enterprise, there is an increasing dependence on, amongst others, biotechnological innovation to launch the wine industry with a quantum leap across the formidable market challenges of the 21st century. Market-orientated designer grape cultivars and wine yeast strains are currently being genetically programmed with surgical precision for the cost-competitive production of high quality grapes and wine with relatively minimal resource inputs and a low environmental impact. With regard to Grapevine Biotechnology, this entails the establishment of stress tolerant and disease resistant varieties of Vitis vinifera with increased productivity, efficiency, sustainability and environmental friendliness, especially regarding improved pest and disease control, water use efficiency and grape quality. With regard to Wine Yeast Biotechnology, the emphasis is on the development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved fermentation, processing and biopreservation abilities, and capacities for an increase in the wholesomeness and sensory quality of wine. The successful commercialisation of transgenic grape cultivars and wine yeasts depends on a number of scientific, technical, safety, ethical, legal, economic and marketing factors, and it therefore will be unwise to entertain high expectations in the short term. However, in the light of the phenomenal potential advantages of tailor-made grape varieties and yeast strains, it would be equally self-destructive in the long term if this strategically important “life insurance policy” is not taken out by the wine industry. This overview highlights the most important examples of the way in which V. vinifera grape varieties and S. cerevisiae wine yeast strains are currently being designed with surgical precision on the basis of market demand for the cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly production of healthy, top quality grapes and wine.
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Kahn, David M., and Jan Hoffmann. "Automatic amortized resource analysis with the Quantum physicist’s method." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, ICFP (August 22, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473581.
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We present a novel method for working with the physicist's method of amortized resource analysis, which we call the quantum physicist's method. These principles allow for more precise analyses of resources that are not monotonically consumed, like stack. This method takes its name from its two major features, worldviews and resource tunneling, which behave analogously to quantum superposition and quantum tunneling. We use the quantum physicist's method to extend the Automatic Amortized Resource Analysis (AARA) type system, enabling the derivation of resource bounds based on tree depth. In doing so, we also introduce remainder contexts, which aid bookkeeping in linear type systems. We then evaluate this new type system's performance by bounding stack use of functions in the Set module of OCaml's standard library. Compared to state-of-the-art implementations of AARA, our new system derives tighter bounds with only moderate overhead.
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Ryszawa, Paweł, Aleksander. "Modelling quantum register disentanglement." Computer Science and Mathematical Modelling, no. 7/2018 (July 18, 2018): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2003.
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Implementing quantum-inspired algorithms on classical computers suffers trade-off between the necessity of saving operational memory and the amount of memory necessary to fully represent a quantum state with possible entanglement. The latter is well known to consume the memory exponentially in the number of qubits. This paper sketches out the idea on how to reduce significantly the amount of necessary memory while distorting the entanglement moderately or not at all. At present, considered are real nonnegative probability amplitudes.
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GUO, FEN-ZHUO, FEI GAO, QIAO-YAN WEN, and FU-CHEN ZHU. "A TWO-STEP CHANNEL-ENCRYPTING QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL." International Journal of Quantum Information 08, no. 06 (September 2010): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749910006241.
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A two-step channel-encrypting quantum key distribution protocol is proposed. Using the previously shared EPR pairs as the quantum key, two bits of classical key can be established via one information carrier EPR state on average. In theory, the efficiency of this protocol reaches 100%, and there is no need to consume any entangled states including both the quantum key and the information carriers in ideal condition. The protocol can resist the particular attack that is fatal to other some channel-encrypting schemes. Principally, we prove the security against the most general individual attack of this protocol. Entanglement collapse in practical situation, as well as the realistic implementation of this protocol is also discussed.
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Jiménez, Omar, Miguel Solís-Prosser, Leonardo Neves, and Aldo Delgado. "Quantum Discord, Thermal Discord, and Entropy Generation in the Minimum Error Discrimination Strategy." Entropy 21, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21030263.
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We study the classical and quantum correlations in the minimum error discrimination (ME) of two non-orthogonal pure quantum states. In particular, we consider quantum discord, thermal discord and entropy generation. We show that ME allows one to reach the accessible information between the two involved parties, Alice and Bob, in the discrimination process. We determine the amount of quantum discord that is consumed in the ME and show that the entropy generation is, in general, higher than the thermal discord. However, in certain cases the entropy generation is very close to thermal discord, which indicates that, in these cases, the process generates the least possible entropy. Moreover, we also study the ME process as a thermodynamic cycle and we show that it is in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics. Finally, we study the relation between the accessible information and the optimum success probability in ME.
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Cação, Rafael, Lucas Cortez, Ismael de Farias, Ernee Kozyreff, Jalil Khatibi Moqadam, and Renato Portugal. "Quantum Walk on the Generalized Birkhoff Polytope Graph." Entropy 23, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23101239.
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We study discrete-time quantum walks on generalized Birkhoff polytope graphs (GBPGs), which arise in the solution-set to certain transportation linear programming problems (TLPs). It is known that quantum walks mix at most quadratically faster than random walks on cycles, two-dimensional lattices, hypercubes, and bounded-degree graphs. In contrast, our numerical results show that it is possible to achieve a greater than quadratic quantum speedup for the mixing time on a subclass of GBPG (TLP with two consumers and m suppliers). We analyze two types of initial states. If the walker starts on a single node, the quantum mixing time does not depend on m, even though the graph diameter increases with it. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of its kind. If the walker is initially spread over a maximal clique, the quantum mixing time is O(m/ϵ), where ϵ is the threshold used in the mixing times. This result is better than the classical mixing time, which is O(m1.5/ϵ).
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Proietti, Massimiliano, Joseph Ho, Federico Grasselli, Peter Barrow, Mehul Malik, and Alessandro Fedrizzi. "Experimental quantum conference key agreement." Science Advances 7, no. 23 (June 2021): eabe0395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe0395.
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Quantum networks will provide multinode entanglement enabling secure communication on a global scale. Traditional quantum communication protocols consume pair-wise entanglement, which is suboptimal for distributed tasks involving more than two users. Here, we demonstrate quantum conference key agreement, a cryptography protocol leveraging multipartite entanglement to efficiently create identical keys between N users with up to N-1 rate advantage in constrained networks. We distribute four-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, generated by high-brightness telecom photon-pair sources, over optical fiber with combined lengths of up to 50 km and then perform multiuser error correction and privacy amplification. Under finite-key analysis, we establish 1.5 × 106 bits of secure key, which are used to encrypt and securely share an image between four users in a conference transmission. Our work highlights a previously unexplored protocol tailored for multinode networks leveraging low-noise, long-distance transmission of GHZ states that will pave the way for future multiparty quantum information processing applications.
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Moussa, Jonathan Edward. "Quantum circuits for qubit fusion." Quantum Information and Computation 16, no. 13&14 (October 2016): 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic16.13-14-3.
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We consider four-dimensional qudits as qubit pairs and their qudit Pauli operators as qubit Clifford operators. This introduces a nesting, C^2_1 belong to C^4_2 belong to C^2_3 , where Cmn is the nth level of the m-dimensional qudit Clifford hierarchy. If we can convert between logical qubits and qudits, then qudit Clifford operators are qubit non-Clifford operators. Conversion is achieved by qubit fusion and qudit fission using stabilizer circuits that consume a resource state. This resource is a fused qubit stabilizer state with a faulttolerant state preparation using stabilizer circuits.
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Wu, Wei-Feng, and Hong-Yi Fan. "Energy distribution in quantized mesoscopic RLC electric circuit." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 24 (September 10, 2016): 1650321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503218.
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Quantum information processing experimentally depends on optical-electronic devices. In this paper, we consider quantized mesoscopic RLC (resistance, inductance and capacitance) electric circuit in stable case as a quantum statistical ensemble, and calculate energy distribution (i.e. the energy stored in inductance and capacitance as well as the energy consumed on the resistance). For this aim, we employ the technique of integration within ordered product (IWOP) of operator to derive the thermo-vacuum state for this mesoscopic system, with which ensemble average energy calculation is replaced by evaluating expected value in pure state. This approach is concise and the result we deduced is physically appealling.
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Boutekkouk, Fateh. "Real Time Scheduling Optimization." Journal of Information Technology Research 12, no. 4 (October 2019): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2019100107.
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This article deals with real time embedded multiprocessor systems scheduling optimization using conventional and quantum inspired genetic algorithms. Real time scheduling problems are known to be NP-hard. In order to resolve it, researchers have resorted to meta-heuristics instead of exact methods. Genetic algorithms seem to be a good choice to solve complex, non-linear, multi-objective and multi-modal problems. However, conventional genetic algorithms may consume much time to find good solutions. For this reason, to minimize the mean response time and the number of tasks missing their deadlines using quantum inspired genetic algorithms for multiprocessors architectures. Our proposed approach takes advantage of both static and dynamic preemptive scheduling. This article has the developed algorithms on a typical example showing a big improvement in research time of good solutions in quantum genetic algorithms with comparison to conventional ones.
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Wang, Liang, Gabe Guevara, Grant Villavicencio, Roseann Alatorre, Hala Shaba, Rey Co, and Eric Tosaya. "High-brightness LEDs of big chip size on multi-layer interconnects with optimized thermal dissipation and optical performance." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 000877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-thp46.
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The market share of high-brightness LEDs in general lighting has been rapidly expanding mainly owing to the continued technological advances on internal quantum efficiency, light extraction and wavelength conversion. In spite of these promising advances, there remain some key breakthroughs to be made before LED lighting technology can be fully adopted into the broad market, with emphasis on efficient thermal dissipation, higher efficacy at high brightness, and low manufacturing cost. Higher brightness requires LEDs to be operated at higher current density which results in efficacy degradation due to droop behavior and thus higher power loss into heat and shorter lifetime. Therefore a highly efficient mechanism of thermal dissipation is needed for timely conduction of heat away from the high-power LED chip. For general lighting at high brightness, a large chip size is preferable. More importantly, with larger chip size, higher brightness can be achieved at much lower current density which leads to less degradation of efficacy. However simply increasing the die size of LEDs in wafer fabrication causes significant yield loss and thus hinders the adoption of big-chip LEDs. In this paper we propose a scalable approach to enable larger chip sizes for manufacturing high efficacy & high brightness LEDs at high yield and low cost. The metric of lower cost per lumen is necessary for LEDs to be competitive to traditional light sources like fluorescent lights in the consumer market segment. About 50% of the total LED production cost is consumed by the packaging processes after the emissive device stack being fabricated. Also given the minimal thickness of the device stack, the key bottleneck for thermal dissipation resides in the packaging structure and its interface to the device stack. We address these two key challenges with a novel wafer-level packaging structure of metal contacts forming a perimeter that is integrated into the device stack, which optimizes the thermal dissipation rate from the active device stack to substrate while allowing high aperture ratio and improved light output. Our approach applies a wafer-level batch process starting from LED fabrication to packaging for internal and external light extraction as well as wavelength conversion, in order to achieve high throughput and high yield in a scalable and inexpensive manner. To improve the overall power efficiency, different materials have been selected for ohmic contacts and high reflectivity at p and n electrodes, and further developments continue to be implemented, including a current-spreading layer, large-area light extraction structure and integrated phosphor material. Flip chip packaging is chosen due to its advantage of full front-side emission, maximized aperture ratio, compact form factor, higher integration density and ease of wafer level processing. The substrates for flip chip packaging of LED chips are made of Si which was selected due to its relatively high thermal conductivity (149 W/m/K) and ease of fabrication with standard semiconductor processes. Multi-layer interconnects are patterned over the Si substrate with solder bumps built over the passivation openings for flip-chip assembly of multiple LED dies. The multi-layer dielectric stack of the substrate is designed to form dielectric mirror maximizing the reflection of emitted light back into the LED side for improved light output.
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Wang, Ming-Ming, Xiu-Bo Chen, Jin-Guang Chen, and Yi-Xian Yang. "Quantum state sharing of arbitrary known multi-qubit and multi-qudit states." International Journal of Quantum Information 12, no. 03 (April 2014): 1450014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749914500142.
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In this paper, we propose a new version of quantum state sharing (QSTS) scheme of an arbitrary multi-qubit state. Then we extend the scheme to a general form of sharing an arbitrary multi-qudit state in the high-dimensional system. The schemes consider the most general case where an arbitrary quantum state can be shared among an arbitrary number of agents in a symmetric way that any agent can recover the state with the help of the others. Compared with a traditional QSTS scheme sharing an unknown state, our schemes are more efficient since the dealer only needs to perform a simpler measurement and consume less classical communication costs.
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Nedeljković, J. M., O. I. Mićić, S. P. Ahrenkiel, and A. J. Nozik. "Synthesis and Characterization of III-V Rod Shape Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Materials Science Forum 494 (September 2005): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.494.121.
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InP and InAs quantum rods were synthesized via the reactions of monodispersed indium droplets with phosphide or arsenide ions, respectively. In these reactions indium droplets, which do not act as a catalyst but rather as a reactant, are completely consumed. For the synthesis of InP and InAs quantum rods with a narrow size distribution, a narrow size distribution of indium particles is required because each indium droplet serves as a template to strictly limit the lateral growth of individual InP or InAs nanocrystals. Free-standing InP (130 Å diameter and 870 Å length) and InAs (180 Å diameter and 745 Å length) quantum rods without residual metallic catalyst at the rod tip were synthesized from the diluted transparent solutions of metallic indium. Both kinds of synthesized nanorods are in the strong confinement regime since the Bohr diameters of InP and InAs are 200 and 700 Å, respectively.
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Lingalugari, Murali, Pik-Yiu Chan, John Chandy, Evan Heller, and Faquir Jain. "Multi-Bit NVRAMs Using Quantum Dot Gate Access Channel." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 26, no. 03 (June 27, 2017): 1740014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156417400146.
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This paper presents a quantum dot access channel nonvolatile random access memory (QDAC-NVRAM) which has comparable write and erase times to conventional random access memories but consumes less power and has a smaller footprint. We have fabricated long-channel (W/L=15μm/10μm) nonvolatile random access memories (NVRAMs) with 4μs erase times. These devices are CMOS-compatible and employ novel quantum dot access channel (QDAC) which enables fast storage and retrieval of charge from the floating gate layer. In addition, QDNVRAMs are shown to be capable of storing multiple-bits and potentially scalable to sub 22nm. We are also presenting the simulation results. This paper also presents a memory array architecture using QDAC-NVRAMs.