Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quantum-dot Cellular Automata; QCA Cell; Full adder

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Academic literature on the topic 'Quantum-dot Cellular Automata; QCA Cell; Full adder'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Quantum-dot Cellular Automata; QCA Cell; Full adder"

1

S, Brilly Sangeetha, and Mary Florida L. "QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA BASED FULL ADDER COMPLEXITY REDUCTION." ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics 9, no. 1 (2023): 1513–16. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijme.2023.0262.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising technology for the construction of quantum circuits with or without memory. In this article, we propose that the matching unit of the content-addressable memory (CAM) cell be developed utilising a multi-layered XNOR gate that is based on electron interactions. The proposed QCA cell can reduce the required area by at least 15% and by as much as 92% when compared to the existing circuits. Furthermore, when the circuit is expanded to include QCA-CAM, it can improve performance by more than 15%. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of the cell as the size of the circuit increases is shown.
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2

Sen, Bibhash, Ayush Rajoria, and Biplab K. Sikdar. "Design of Efficient Full Adder in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/250802.

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Further downscaling of CMOS technology becomes challenging as it faces limitation of feature size reduction. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), a potential alternative to CMOS, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. Investigations on the reduction of QCA primitives (majority gates and inverters) for various adders are limited, and very few designs exist for reference. As a result, design of adders under QCA framework is gaining its importance in recent research. This work targets developing multi-layered full adder architecture in QCA framework based on five-input majority gate proposed here. A minimum clock zone (2 clock) with high compaction (0.01 μm2) for a full adder around QCA is achieved. Further, the usefulness of such design is established with the synthesis of high-level logic. Experimental results illustrate the significant improvements in design level in terms of circuit area, cell count, and clock compared to that of conventional design approaches.
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3

Vahabi, Mohsen, Ehsan Rahimi, Pavel Lyakhov, Ali Newaz Bahar, Khan A. Wahid, and Akira Otsuki. "Novel Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Gate Designs for Efficient Reversible Computing." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032265.

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Reversible logic enables ultra-low power circuit design and quantum computation. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is the most promising technology considered to implement reversible circuits, mainly due to the correspondence between features of reversible and QCA circuits. This work aims to push forward the state-of-the-art of the QCA-based reversible circuits implementation by proposing a novel QCA design of a reversible full adder\full subtractor (FA\FS). At first, we consider an efficient XOR-gate, and based on this, new QCA circuit layouts of Feynman, Toffoli, Peres, PQR, TR, RUG, URG, RQCA, and RQG are proposed. The efficient XOR gate significantly reduces the required clock phases and circuit area. As a result, all the proposed reversible circuits are efficient regarding cell count, delay, and circuit area. Finally, based on the presented reversible gates, a novel QCA design of a reversible full adder\full subtractor (FA\FS) is proposed. Compared to the state-of-the-art circuits, the proposed QCA design of FA\FS reversible circuit achieved up to 57% area savings, with 46% and 29% reduction in cell number and delay, respectively.
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4

Abbas, Rezaei, Mostafaee Abed, Mahdi Karkhanehchi Mohammad, and Muhammad Jamshidi Seyed. "Design of QCA Full Adders without Wire Crossing." Boson Journal of Modern Physics 2, no. 2 (2015): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3969483.

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In the scale of nanometer, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new technology, which utilizes the QCA cells in order to design and implement logical circuits. QCA makes it possible for us to design in Nano scale. Furthermore, in comparison to CMOS technology, it has highly low consumption power. Thus, in the future, QCA technology will be a powerful rival for VLSI. This paper presents two new and optimized QCA designs for Full adder. In comparison to the previous designs, all of the QCA Full adders presented in this paper are relatively optimized. In addition, they are implemented without any wire crossing. In order to test the proposed QCA Layouts and also display the results of the simulations, QCADesigner software is used.
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5

Seyed, Mehdi Dadgar, Farazkish Razieh, and Sahafi Amir. "Presentation of a fault tolerance algorithm for design of quantum-dot cellular automata circuits." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 5 (2022): 4722–33. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp4722-4733.

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A novel algorithm for working out the Kink energy of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits and their fault tolerability is introduced. In this algorithm at first with determining the input values on a specified design, the calculation between cells makes use of Kink physical relations will be managed. Therefore, the polarization of any cell and consequently output cell will be set. Then by determining missed cell(s) on the discussed circuit, the polarization of output cell will be obtained and by comparing it with safe state or software simulation, its fault tolerability will be proved. The proposed algorithm was implemented on a novel and advance fault tolerance full adder whose performance has been demonstrated. This algorithm could be implemented on any QCA circuit. Noticeably higher speed of the algorithm than simulation and traditional manual methods, expandability of this algorithm for variable circuits, beyond of four-dot square of QCA circuits, and the investigation of several damaged cells instead just one and special cell are the advantages of algorithmic action.
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6

Gassoumi, Ismail, Lamjed Touil, and Abdellatif Mtibaa. "An Efficient Design of QCA Full-Adder-Subtractor with Low Power Dissipation." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8856399.

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The continuous market demands for high performance and energy-efficient computing systems have steered the computational paradigm and technologies towards nanoscale quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In this paper, novel energy- and area-efficient QCA-based adder/subtractor designs have been proposed. First, a QCA-based 3-input XOR gate is designed and then a full adder and a full subtractor are realized. The power consumption of the proposed design was tested via the QCAPro estimator tool with different kind of energy (γ = 0.5 Ek, γ = 1.0 Ek, and γ = 1.5 Ek) at temperature T = 2 in Kelvin. QCADesigner 2.0.03 software was applied to evaluate the simulation results of the proposed designs. The proposed design has better complexity than the conventional designs in terms of cell count, area, and power dissipation.
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7

Gassoumi, Ismail, Lamjed Touil, and Abdellatif Mtibaa. "An Efficient Design of QCA Full-Adder-Subtractor with Low Power Dissipation." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8856399.

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Abstract:
The continuous market demands for high performance and energy-efficient computing systems have steered the computational paradigm and technologies towards nanoscale quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In this paper, novel energy- and area-efficient QCA-based adder/subtractor designs have been proposed. First, a QCA-based 3-input XOR gate is designed and then a full adder and a full subtractor are realized. The power consumption of the proposed design was tested via the QCAPro estimator tool with different kind of energy (γ = 0.5 Ek, γ = 1.0 Ek, and γ = 1.5 Ek) at temperature T = 2 in Kelvin. QCADesigner 2.0.03 software was applied to evaluate the simulation results of the proposed designs. The proposed design has better complexity than the conventional designs in terms of cell count, area, and power dissipation.
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8

Gurram Umadevi. "An Efficient Ripple Carry Adder Design with No-Crossover using an Optimized and Scalable QCA Full Adder." Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 32, no. 8s (2025): 105–17. https://doi.org/10.52783/cana.v32.3611.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising nanocomputing technology positioned as a substitution for CMOS VLSI technology. This research shows the best and most scalable coplanar QCA Full Adder with No Crossover (QFANC) design. It uses a Modified XOR gate (MXOR) structure that includes a majority gate. The proposed QFANC design utilizes 13 QCA cells and is employed to efficiently design QCA Ripple Carry Adder circuits with no-crossover (QRCANC) with input sizes of 4-bit and 8-bit to demonstrate its scalability. The simulation and functional verification are performed with the help of the QCA Designer (v2.0.3) tool. The QCA Designer-E tool estimates the energy dissipation of proposed designs and equivalent QFAs reported in the literature. Comparative analysis using different metrics shows that the suggested QFANC and QRCANC designs are superior to the existing designs. Compared to the best-reported scalable QFA (QRCA) design, the proposed QFANC (QRCANC) reduces the synthesis cost by 14% (83%), and cell complexity by 7% (45%), and energy loss by 3% correspondingly.
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9

Dadgar, Seyed Mehdi, Razieh Farazkish, and Amir Sahafi. "Presentation of a fault tolerance algorithm for design of quantum-dot cellular automata circuits." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 5 (2022): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp4722-4733.

Full text
Abstract:
A novel algorithm for working out the Kink energy of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits and their fault tolerability is introduced. In this algorithm at first with determining the input values on a specified design, the calculation between cells makes use of Kink physical relations will be managed. Therefore, the polarization of any cell and consequently output cell will be set. Then by determining missed cell(s) on the discussed circuit, the polarization of output cell will be obtained and by comparing it with safe state or software simulation, its fault tolerability will be proved. The proposed algorithm was implemented on a novel and advance fault tolerance full adder whose performance has been demonstrated. This algorithm could be implemented on any QCA circuit. Noticeably higher speed of the algorithm than simulation and traditional manual methods, expandability of this algorithm for variable circuits, beyond of four-dot square of QCA circuits, and the investigation of several damaged cells instead just one and special cell are the advantages of algorithmic action.
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10

Taheri, Zahra, Abdalhossein Rezai, and Hamid Rashidi. "Novel single layer fault tolerance RCA construction for QCA technology." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 32, no. 4 (2019): 601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1904601t.

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Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology has become a promising and accessible candidate that can be used for digital circuits implementation at Nanoscale, but the circuit design in the QCA technology has been limited due to fabrication high-defect rate. So, this issue is an interesting research topic in the QCA circuits design. In this study, a novel 3-input Fault Tolerance (FT) Majority Gate (MG) is developed. Accordingly, an efficient 1-bit QCA full adder is developed using the developed 3-input MG. Then, a new 4-bit FT QCA Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) is developed based on the proposed 1-bit FT QCA FA. The developed circuits are implemented in the QCA Designer tool version 2.0.3. The results indicate that the developed QCA circuits provide advantages compared to other QCA circuits in terms of double and single cell missing defect, area and delay time.
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Conference papers on the topic "Quantum-dot Cellular Automata; QCA Cell; Full adder"

1

Moustafa, Ahmed, and Ahmed Younes. "Optimizing the Design of a Full Adder Utilizing Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Technology." In 2024 International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Smart Innovation (ICMISI). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmisi61517.2024.10580401.

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2

Singhal, Rahul, and Marek Perkowski. "Comparative Analysis of Full Adder Custom Design Circuit using Two Regular Structures in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)." In 2019 IEEE 49th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2019.00041.

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3

Joy, Upal Barua, Shourov Chakraborty, Sumaiya Tasnim, Md Shahadat Hossain, Abdul Hasib Siddique, and Mehedi Hasan. "Design of an Area Efficient Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Based Full Adder Cell Having Low Latency." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrest51555.2021.9331135.

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