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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum Gravity and Time'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

K, Kabe. "How Quantum is Quantum Gravity?" Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000244.

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Nature does not compartmentalize its happenings into different theories or disciplines. The theories are put forth by us to approximately understand the finer workings of nature. All theories are mere mathematical models built to understand nature. Any or all of them can be superseded by a better model or combination of models. The current paper analyses the formulation of Planck scale quantities, the workings of the temporal gauge, the concept of time other related fundamental issues. In particular, the paper points out that the force at the Planck scale is non-quantum.

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2

BISWAS, S., A. SHAW, and B. MODAK. "TIME IN QUANTUM GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 10, no. 04 (2001): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271801001384.

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The Wheeler–DeWitt equation in quantum gravity is timeless in character. In order to discuss quantum to classical transition of the universe, one uses a time prescription in quantum gravity to obtain a time contained description starting from Wheeler–DeWitt equation and WKB ansatz for the WD wavefunction. The approach has some drawbacks. In this work, we obtain the time-contained Schrödinger–Wheeler–DeWitt equation without using the WD equation and the WKB ansatz for the wavefunction. We further show that a Gaussian ansatz for SWD wavefunction is consistent with the Hartle–Hawking or wormhole

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3

Unruh, W. G. "Time and quantum gravity." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 28, no. 9 (1989): 1181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00670359.

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4

Zeh, H. D. "Time in quantum gravity." Physics Letters A 126, no. 5-6 (1988): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(88)90842-0.

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5

Kiefer, Claus, and Patrick Peter. "Time in Quantum Cosmology." Universe 8, no. 1 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8010036.

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Time in quantum gravity is not a well-defined notion despite its central role in the very definition of dynamics. Using the formalism of quantum geometrodynamics, we briefly review the problem and illustrate it with two proposed solutions. Our main application is quantum cosmology—the application of quantum gravity to the Universe as a whole.

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6

AMELINO-CAMELIA, GIOVANNI, NICCOLÒ LORET, GIANLUCA MANDANICI, and FLAVIO MERCATI. "GRAVITY IN QUANTUM SPACE–TIME." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 14 (2010): 2385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810018451.

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The literature on quantum-gravity-inspired scenarios for the quantization of space–time has so far focused on particle-physics-like studies. This is partly justified by the present limitations of our understanding of quantum gravity theories, but we here argue that valuable insight can be gained through semi-heuristic analyses of the implications for gravitational phenomena of some results obtained in the quantum space–time literature. In particular, we show that the types of description of particle propagation that emerged in certain quantum space–time frameworks have striking implications fo

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7

Guts, A. K. "Quantum Time Machine and Loop Quantum Gravity." Mathematical structures and modeling, no. 3 (2018): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2222-8772.2018.3.4-14.

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A description of a quantum time machine that performs intertemporal transitions is given within the framework of loop quantum gravity. Unlike quantum geometrodynamics, in this case it becomes clear how to produce effects that change modern geometry to the past.

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8

Castagnino, Mario. "Probabilistic time in quantum gravity." Physical Review D 39, no. 8 (1989): 2216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.39.2216.

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9

Itzhaki, N. "Time measurement in quantum gravity." Physics Letters B 328, no. 3-4 (1994): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)91479-6.

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10

R, Iyer. "Scalar Metrics Tensor Gradation Rank-n Quantum Gravity Physics." Open Access Journal of Astronomy 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23880/oaja-16000155.

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In this paper, logical and novel approach in quantifying and scalarizing tensor metrics quantum gravity with rank gradation process of interactively coupled phenomena of gravity, time, space-time, quanta, and fields domains have been thoroughly analyzed mathematically. The author advances the theory of quantum gravity by integrating gravity and tensor time metrics, building on emergent theories such as Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). LQG suggests that spacetime is quantized at the smallest scales, with gravity and spacetime geometry emerging from the quantum states of the gravitational field. This

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11

Martinetti, Pierre. "Emergence of Time in Quantum Gravity: Is Time Necessarily Flowing?" Kronoscope 13, no. 1 (2013): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685241-12341259.

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Abstract We discuss the emergence of time in quantum gravity and ask whether time is always “something that flows.” We first recall that this is indeed the case in both relativity and quantum mechanics, although in very different manners: time flows geometrically in relativity (i.e., as a flow of proper time in the four dimensional space-time), time flows abstractly in quantum mechanics (i.e., as a flow in the space of observables of the system). We then ask the same question in quantum gravity in the light of the thermal time hypothesis of Connes and Rovelli. The latter proposes to answer the

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12

Sinaiko, Elia A. "Quantum gravity." Physics Essays 32, no. 3 (2019): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-32.3.318.

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Gravity has been shown in theories of relativity to be the curving of space around massive bodies. Thus, objects in orbits are following a straight line along a curved space. Why massive bodies curve space is not explained. We continue to ask “What is Gravity?” Quantum mechanics unites theories of electro-magnetism (QED), the weak nuclear force (EWT), and the strong nuclear force (QCD) in the standard model of particle physics, or with a grand unified theory (GUT) sought for these three fundamental forces. As yet there is no empirically verified quantum theory of gravity unified with these thr

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13

Alonso-Serrano, Ana, Sebastian Schuster, and Matt Visser. "Emergent Time and Time Travel in Quantum Physics." Universe 10, no. 2 (2024): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10020073.

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Entertaining the possibility of time travel will invariably challenge dearly-held concepts in fundamental physics. It becomes relatively easy to construct multiple logical contradictions using differing starting points from various well-established fields of physics. Sometimes, the interpretation is that only a full theory of quantum gravity will be able to settle these logical contradictions. Even then, it remains unclear if the multitude of problems could be overcome. Yet as definitive as this seems to the notion of time travel in physics, such recourse to quantum gravity comes with its own,

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14

HUSAIN, VIQAR. "TIME, VACUUM ENERGY, AND THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 14 (2009): 2265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809015928.

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We describe a link between the cosmological constant problem and the problem of time in quantum gravity. This arises from examining the relationship between the cosmological constant and vacuum energy in light of nonperturbative formulations of quantum gravity.

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15

Haug, Espen Gaarder. "Collision-space-time: Unified quantum gravity." Physics Essays 33, no. 1 (2020): 46–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-33.1.46.

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For about hundred years, modern physics has not been able to build a bridge between quantum mechanics (QM) and gravity. However, a solution may be found here. We present our quantum gravity theory, which is rooted in indivisible particles where matter and gravity are related to collisions and can be described by collision-space-time. In this paper, we also show that we can formulate a quantum wave equation rooted in collision-space-time, which is equivalent to mass and energy. The beauty of our theory is that most of the main equations that currently exist in physics are, in general, not chang

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16

KUCHAŘ, KAREL V. "TIME AND INTERPRETATIONS OF QUANTUM GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, supp01 (2011): 3–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019347.

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In canonical quantization of gravity, the state functional does not seem to depend on time. This hampers the physical interpretation of quantum gravity. I critically examine ten major attempts to circumvent this problem and discuss their shortcomings.

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17

JEJJALA, VISHNU, MICHAEL KAVIC, and DJORDJE MINIC. "TIME AND M-THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 20 (2007): 3317–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07036981.

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We review our recent proposal for a background-independent formulation of a holographic theory of quantum gravity. The present paper incorporates the necessary background material on geometry of canonical quantum theory, holography and space–time thermodynamics, Matrix theory, as well as our specific proposal for a dynamical theory of geometric quantum mechanics, as applied to Matrix theory. At the heart of this review is a new analysis of the conceptual problem of time and the closely related and phenomenologically relevant problem of vacuum energy in quantum gravity. We also present a discus

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18

Jia, Ding. "Time-space duality in 2D quantum gravity." Classical and Quantum Gravity 39, no. 3 (2022): 035016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ac4615.

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Abstract An important task faced by all approaches of quantum gravity is to incorporate superpositions and quantify quantum uncertainties of spacetime causal relations. We address this task in 2D. By identifying a global Z 2 symmetry of 1 + 1D quantum gravity, we show that gravitational path integral configurations come in equal amplitude pairs with timelike and spacelike relations exchanged. As a consequence, any two points are equally probable to be timelike and spacelike separated in a Universe without boundary conditions. In the context of simplicial quantum gravity we identify a local sym

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19

Cherkas, Sergey, and Vladimir Kalashnikov. "Evidence of Time Evolution in Quantum Gravity." Universe 6, no. 5 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6050067.

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In this paper, we argue that the problem of time is not a crucial issue inherent in the quantum picture of the universe evolution. On the minisuperspace model example with the massless scalar field, we demonstrate four approaches to the description of quantum evolution, which give similar results explicitly. The relevance of these approaches to building a quantum theory of gravity is discussed.

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20

Madore, J., and J. Mourad. "Quantum space–time and classical gravity." Journal of Mathematical Physics 39, no. 1 (1998): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532328.

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21

Rovelli, Carlo. "Time in quantum gravity: An hypothesis." Physical Review D 43, no. 2 (1991): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.43.442.

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22

Anderson, E. "Problem of time in quantum gravity." Annalen der Physik 524, no. 12 (2012): 757–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.201200147.

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23

Kober, Martin. "Canonical quantum gravity on noncommutative space–time." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 17 (2015): 1550085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500852.

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In this paper canonical quantum gravity on noncommutative space–time is considered. The corresponding generalized classical theory is formulated by using the Moyal star product, which enables the representation of the field quantities depending on noncommuting coordinates by generalized quantities depending on usual coordinates. But not only the classical theory has to be generalized in analogy to other field theories. Besides, the necessity arises to replace the commutator between the gravitational field operator and its canonical conjugated quantity by a corresponding generalized expression

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24

CIANFRANI, FRANCESCO, and GIOVANNI MONTANI. "SYNCHRONOUS QUANTUM GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 08 (2008): 1149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08040007.

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The implications of restricting the covariance principle within a Gaussian gauge are developed both on a classical and a quantum level. Hence, we investigate the cosmological issues of the obtained Schrödinger Quantum Gravity with respect to the asymptotically early dynamics of a generic Universe. A dualism between time and the reference frame fixing is then inferred.

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25

SEN, ASHOKE. "TIME AND TACHYON." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 26 (2003): 4869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03015313.

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Recent analysis suggests that the classical dynamics of a tachyon on an unstable D-brane is described by a scalar Born–Infeld type action with a runaway potential. The classical configurations in this theory at late time are in one to one correspondence with the configuration of a system of noninteracting (incoherent), nonrotating dust. We discuss some aspects of canonical quantization of this field theory coupled to gravity, and explore, following an earlier work on this subject, the possibility of using the scalar field (tachyon) as the definition of time in quantum cosmology. At late "time"

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26

SHOJAI, ALI. "QUANTUM, GRAVITY AND GEOMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 12 (2000): 1757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0000077x.

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Recently,1–3 it is shown that, the quantum effects of matter are well described by the conformal degree of freedom of the space–time metric. On the other hand, it is a well-known fact that according to Einstein's gravity theory, gravity and geometry are interconnected. In the new quantum gravity theory,1–3 matter quantum effects completely determine the conformal degree of freedom of the space–time metric, while the causal structure of the space–time is determined by the gravitational effects of the matter, as well as the quantum effects through back reaction effects. This idea, previously, is

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27

UNNIKRISHNAN, C. S., and G. T. GILLIES. "SPIN-SURFING THE SPACE–TIME FOAM." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 14 (2010): 2239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810018517.

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We present the quantum spin as a novel test tool for probing directly the Planck scale space–time foam of quantum gravity. Quantum fluctuations of spatial support for the electric vector associated with the spin-one photon affect its polarization sufficiently to allow us to gain deep insights and unprecedented constraints on the most important and fundamental aspect of quantum gravity — the fluctuating structure of space–time with a Planck scale three-dimensional web. We show that the survival of strong polarization of X-rays and gamma rays from the Crab Nebula rejects the conventional space–t

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28

Steinacker, Harold C. "Gravity as a quantum effect on quantum space-time." Physics Letters B 827 (April 2022): 136946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.136946.

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29

R, Iyer. "Quantum Gravity Time Rank-N Tensor Collapsing Expanding Scalar Sense Time Space Matrix Signal/Noise Physics Wavefunction Operator." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 8, no. 2 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000272.

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This paper introduces abstract, logical, and mathematical algebraic tensor operations for quantifying the temporal properties of physical systems, including energy, momentum, and angular momentum. We explore the concept of a “black box” time matrix that commutes with the gravity matrix, resulting in metrics analogous to Schwarzschild metrics. Depending on context and notation, time tensors can exhibit different ranks. Our formalism focuses on a rank-4 tensor representing the time matrix—a fundamental quantity that abstracts informational observables across various domains of reality. We delve

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BERTOLAMI, ORFEU. "HERACLITEAN TIME PROPOSAL REVISITED." International Journal of Modern Physics D 04, no. 01 (1995): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271895000077.

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Difficulties in the interpretation of the wave function of the Universe in canonical quantum gravity suggest that the use of dynamical variables to play the role of time is not quite consistent. A formulation of canonical quantum gravity in which time is an extrinsic variable has been previously studied with the problem of being compatible, at the classical level, with General Relativity with a nonvanishing unspecified cosmological constant. We argue that this last problem can be circumvented by introducing a nondynamical scalar field which allows for a relaxation mechanism for the cosmologica

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31

Bojowald, Martin. "Space–Time Physics in Background-Independent Theories of Quantum Gravity." Universe 7, no. 7 (2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7070251.

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Background independence is often emphasized as an important property of a quantum theory of gravity that takes seriously the geometrical nature of general relativity. In a background-independent formulation, quantum gravity should determine not only the dynamics of space–time but also its geometry, which may have equally important implications for claims of potential physical observations. One of the leading candidates for background-independent quantum gravity is loop quantum gravity. By combining and interpreting several recent results, it is shown here how the canonical nature of this theor

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32

Iyer, Rajan. "Time Conservation Principle versus Energy Physics." Open Access Journal of Astronomy 2, no. 2 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oaja-16000139.

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This article explores the conservation principles that may apply to time, contrasting them with the well-established conservation of energy. Publications of peer reviewed papers enabled the author to derive time to be a tensor, algebraic than merely arithmetic scalar. Here, these are brought out in a dramatic manner to highlight gradation of high rank tensors, which decompose to multiple vectors. This study reexamines time originally as potentially the most conserved attribute in physics, considering the quantum nature of well-known established by thermodynamic fundamentalistic energy conserva

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PADMANABHAN, T. "PROBING THE QUANTUM MICROSTRUCTURE OF SPACE–TIME." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 24 (1999): 1667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399001759.

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The question of how tightly one can constrain the microscopic theory of quantum gravity from the known features of low energy gravity is addressed. To begin with, from the very fact that our universe made a transition from a quantum regime to classical one, it is possible to conclude that infinite number of degrees of freedom had to be integrated out from the fundamental theory to obtain the low energy Einstein Lagrangian. Further constraints can be imposed from the fact that the quantum state describing a black hole has to possess certain universal form of density of states, in any microscopi

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MAZIASHVILI, MICHAEL. "QUANTUM-GRAVITATIONAL RUNNING/REDUCTION OF THE SPACE–TIME DIMENSION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 14 (2009): 2209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809016028.

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Quantum gravity causes the space–time dimension to depend on the size of the region; it monotonically increases with the size of the region and asymptotically approaches 4 for large distances. This effect was discovered in numerical simulations of lattice quantum gravity in the framework of causal dynamical triangulation (arXiv:hep-th/0505113), as well as in the renormalization group approach to quantum gravity (arXiv:hep-th/0508202). However, in these approaches the interpretation and physical meaning of the effective change of dimension at shorter scales is not clear. Without invoking partic

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Bauer, M., C. A. Aguillón, and G. E. García. "Conditional interpretation of time in quantum gravity and a time operator in relativistic quantum mechanics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 21 (2020): 2050114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20501146.

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The problem of time in the quantization of gravity arises from the fact that time in Schrödinger’s equation is a parameter. This sets time apart from the spatial coordinates, represented by operators in quantum mechanics (QM). Thus “time” in QM and “time” in general relativity (GR) are seen as mutually incompatible notions. The introduction of a dynamical time operator in relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM), that follows from the canonical quantization of special relativity and that in the Heisenberg picture is also a function of the parameter [Formula: see text] (identified as the laboratory

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36

Bojowald, Martin. "Quantum gravity, space-time structure, and cosmology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 405 (December 13, 2012): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/405/1/012001.

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37

Liu, Chuang. "The Arrow of Time in Quantum Gravity." Philosophy of Science 60, no. 4 (1993): 619–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/289763.

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38

Castagnino, Mario A., and Francisco D. Mazzitelli. "Probabilistic time and the quantum gravity interpretation." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 28, no. 9 (1989): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00670347.

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39

Pervushin, V. N., V. V. Papoyan, G. A. Gogilidze, A. M. Khvedelidze, Yu G. Palii, and V. I. Smirichinskii. "The time surface term in quantum gravity." Physics Letters B 365, no. 1-4 (1996): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)01266-4.

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40

Yang, Hyun Seok. "Quantization of emergent gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 04n05 (2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500165.

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Emergent gravity is based on a novel form of the equivalence principle known as the Darboux theorem or the Moser lemma in symplectic geometry stating that the electromagnetic force can always be eliminated by a local coordinate transformation as far as space–time admits a symplectic structure, in other words, a microscopic space–time becomes noncommutative (NC). If gravity emerges from U(1) gauge theory on NC space–time, this picture of emergent gravity suggests a completely new quantization scheme where quantum gravity is defined by quantizing space–time itself, leading to a dynamical NC spac

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41

De Bianchi, Silvia. "Instantaneity beyond time." Project Repository Journal 11, no. 1 (2021): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54050/prj1117740.

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Instantaneity beyond time PROTEUS studies the main strategies devised by Western philosophy in representing time in cosmology. It aims to modify current metaphysics and its relationship with cosmology in the light of recent scientific debates in quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, thereby boosting a new research field in the history and philosophy of cosmology.

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Khan, Yawar H., and Prince A. Ganai. "Quantum gravity effects on thermodynamics of de Sitter black holes in massive gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 19 (2020): 2050090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20500906.

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Taking de Sitter space–time as a thermodynamic system, we study the effects of quantum gravity on thermodynamic quantities of de Sitter black holes in massive gravity. We enumerate the leading order corrections arising in quantum gravity regime on various thermodynamic quantities like Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, specific heat and pressure. Our results show that quantum corrections have tendency to induce stability. Moreover we observe that the parameters from the massive gravity have deeper effect on the evolution of de Sitter space–time in quantum gravity regime. Such an analysi

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KHEYFETS, ARKADY, DANIEL E. HOLZ, and WARNER A. MILLER. "THE ISSUE OF TIME EVOLUTION IN QUANTUM GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 16 (1996): 2977–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96001450.

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We discuss the relation between the concept of time and the dynamic structure of quantum gravity. We briefly review the problems of time associated with the standard procedures of gravity quantization. By explicitly utilizing York’s analysis of the geometrodynamic degrees of freedom, and imposing the constraints as expectation value equations, we describe a new procedure of gravity quantization. In particular, this “minimally constrained canonical” quantization procedure leads to a linear Schrödinger equation augmented by the super-Hamiltonian and supermomentum constraints imposed on expectati

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44

Jones, KRW. "Newtonian Quantum Gravity." Australian Journal of Physics 48, no. 6 (1995): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph951055.

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We develop a nonlinear quantum theory of Newtonian gravity consistent with an objective interpretation of the wavefunction. Inspired by the ideas of Schrodinger, and Bell, we seek a dimensional reduction procedure to map complex wavefunctions in configuration space onto a family of observable fields in space-time. Consideration of quasi-classical conservation laws selects the reduced one-body quantities as the basis for an explicit quasi-classical coarse-graining. These we interpret as describing the objective reality of the laboratory. Thereafter, we examine what may stand in the role of the

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45

PADMANABHAN, T. "ENTROPY DENSITY OF SPACE–TIME AND GRAVITY: A CONCEPTUAL SYNTHESIS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 14 (2009): 2189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809016053.

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I show that combining the principle of equivalence and the principle of general covariance with the known properties of local Rindler horizons, perceived by accelerated observers, leads to the following inescapable conclusion: The field equations describing gravity in any diffeomorphism-invariant theory must have a thermodynamic interpretation. This synthesis of quantum theory, thermodynamics and gravity shows that the gravitational dynamics can be interpreted completely in terms of entropy balance between matter and space–time. This idea has far-reaching implications for the microstructure of

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46

Ziefle, Reiner Georg. "Newtonian quantum gravity." Physics Essays 33, no. 1 (2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-33.1.99.

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Newtonian Quantum Gravity (NQG) unifies quantum physics with Newton's theory of gravity and calculates the so-called “general relativistic” phenomena more precisely and in a much simpler way than General Relativity, whose complicated theoretical construct is no longer needed. Newton's theory of gravity is less accurate than Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Famous examples are the precise predictions of General Relativity at binary pulsars. This is the reason why relativistic physicists claim that there can be no doubt that Einstein's theory of relativity correctly describes our

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JEJJALA, VISHNU, DJORDJE MINIC, Y. JACK NG, and CHIA-HSIUNG TZE. "QUANTUM GRAVITY AND TURBULENCE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 14 (2010): 2311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181001830x.

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We apply recent advances in quantum gravity to the problem of turbulence. Adopting the AdS/CFT approach we propose a string theory of turbulence that explains the Kolmogorov scaling in 3 + 1 dimensions and the Kraichnan and Kolmogorov scalings in 2 + 1 dimensions. In the gravitational context, turbulence is intimately related to the properties of space–time or quantum foam.

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48

Haug, Espen Gaarder. "The Planck Computer Is the Quantum Gravity Computer: We Live inside a Gigantic Computer, the Hubble Sphere Computer?" Quantum Reports 6, no. 3 (2024): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum6030032.

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Recent developments in the quantization of general relativity theory provide a new perspective on matter and even the whole universe. Already, in 1922, Eddington suggested that a future quantum gravity theory had to be linked to Planck length. This is today the main view among many working with quantum gravity. Recently, it has been demonstrated how Planck length, the Planck time, can be extracted from gravity observations with no knowledge of G, ℏ, or even c. Rooted in this, both general relativity theory and multiple other gravity theories can be quantized and linked to the Planck scale. A r

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SHOJAI, FATIMAH, ALI SHOJAI, and MEHDI GOLSHANI. "SCALAR–TENSOR THEORIES AND QUANTUM GRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 36 (1998): 2915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398003090.

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Abstract:

Recently, it was shown that the quantum effects of the matter, could be used to determine the conformal degree of freedom of the space–time metric. So both gravity and quantum are geometrical features. Gravity determines the causal structure of the space–time, while quantum determines the scale of the space–time. In this letter, it is shown that it is possible to use the scalar-tensor framework to build a unified theory in which both quantum and gravitational effects are present.

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Oldani, Richard. "Quantum gravity for dummies." Physics Essays 34, no. 1 (2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-34.1.1.

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Abstract:

Dirac noted in his first paper on quantum electrodynamics [Proc. Roy. Soc. A 114, 243 (1927)] that, “The theory is non-relativistic only on account of the time being counted throughout as a c-number [classically], instead of being treated symmetrically with the space coordinates.” His suggestion for a relativistic theory of quantum mechanics is carried out here by describing the atom in configuration space as the action integral of a Lagrangian. Atomic structure is described with discrete coordinates in Minkowski space, while the atom itself resides in the curved space-time continuum of the gr

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