Journal articles: 'Quantum objectivity'

1

Healey, Richard. "Observation and Quantum Objectivity." Philosophy of Science 80, no. 3 (2013): 434–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671106.

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Li, Sheng-Wen, C. Y. Cai, X. F. Liu, and C. P. Sun. "Objectivity in Quantum Measurement." Foundations of Physics 48, no. 6 (2018): 654–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0169-9.

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Chisholm, Dario A., Guillermo García-Pérez, Matteo A. C. Rossi, Sabrina Maniscalco, and G. Massimo Palma. "Witnessing objectivity on a quantum computer." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (2021): 015022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac40f3.

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Abstract Understanding the emergence of objectivity from the quantum realm has been a long standing issue strongly related to the quantum to classical crossover. Quantum Darwinism (QD) provides an answer, interpreting objectivity as consensus between independent observers. Quantum computers provide an interesting platform for such experimental investigation of QD, fulfiling their initial intended purpose as quantum simulators. Here we assess to what degree current Noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices can be used as experimental platforms in the field of QD. We do this by simulating an exactly solvable stochastic collision model, taking advantage of the analytical solution to benchmark the experimental results.

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Krips, H. "The objectivity of quantum probabilities." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 67, no. 4 (1989): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408912343941.

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Catren, Gabriel. "On Classical and Quantum Objectivity." Foundations of Physics 38, no. 5 (2008): 470–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-008-9216-2.

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Khrennikov, Andrei, and Andrew Schumann. "Quantum non-objectivity from performativity of quantum phenomena." Physica Scripta T163 (December 1, 2014): 014020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2014/t163/014020.

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GRANGIER, PHILIPPE. "CONTEXTUAL OBJECTIVITY AND THE QUANTUM FORMALISM." International Journal of Quantum Information 03, no. 01 (2005): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905000396.

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The "new orthodoxy" of quantum mechanics (QM) based on the decoherence approach requires many-worlds as an essential ingredient for logical consistency, and one may wonder what status to give to all these "other worlds." Here we advocate that it is possible to build a consistent approach to QM where no other worlds are needed, and where the quantum formalism appears as a consequence of requiring the enumerability of physical properties. Such a quantization hypothesis is closely related to indistinguishability, and is deeply inconsistent with classical physics.

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Tuziemski, J., and J. K. Korbicz. "Dynamical objectivity in quantum Brownian motion." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 112, no. 4 (2015): 40008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/112/40008.

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Stachow, Ernst-Walther. "Objectivity vs. Locality in Quantum Physics." Foundations of Physics 40, no. 9-10 (2010): 1450–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-009-9393-7.

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Maier, Markus A., Moritz C. Dechamps, and Thomas Rabeyron. "Quantum Measurement as Pragmatic Information Transfer." Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition 2, no. 1 (2022): 16–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31156/jaex.23535.

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Objective . In the research presented here, quantum measurement is conceptualized as pragmatic information transfer when an intentional observer perceives motive-relevant quantum-based outcomes. Owing to the nature of pragmatic information as described in Lucadou’s Model of Pragmatic Information, this information transfer causes an observer-dependent intentional co-formation of reality and can only be scientifically documented under reduced objectivity conditions. The effects thus reflect a “sobjective” reality that occupies the space between subjectivity and objectivity. The present study was designed to find evidence for the existence of this sobjective reality. Method. A pre-registered micro-psychokinesis task involving a quantum random number generator assessed the impact of intentional observation on quantum-based stochastic outcomes under experimental variations of the applied measures’ objectivity. Results. As predicted, an intentionally congruent bias in quantum-based outcomes was observed using subjective memory data from the observations when additional objective computer-stored data were not inspected and finally erased (i.e., objectivity was reduced). Quantum randomness was confirmed in a maximum objective data collection context for both stored and memory data. Conclusion. The results indicate that pragmatic information was transferred during trial observation when scientific objectivity was reduced. The evidence for intentionally based reality formation or quantum-based random reality emergence was thus shown to be a function of the measurements’ objectivity levels. The data suggest the existence of a sobjective reality and that a physicalist/materialist or an intentional creation worldview depends on the presence of an intentional agent and the definition of the measurement process.

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Lanz, L., B. Vacchini, and O. Melsheimer. "On consistency of quantum theory and macroscopic objectivity." Quantum Information and Computation 4, no. 6&7 (2004): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic4.6-7-10.

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We argue that the consistency problem between quantum theory and macroscopic objectivity must be placed inside a quantum description of macroscopic non-equilibrium systems. Resorting to thermodynamic concepts inside quantum field theory seems to be necessary.

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Kletskin, Mikhail V. "ON THE COGNITION OBJECTIVITY IN QUANTUM MECHANICS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 430 (May 1, 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/430/8.

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Peat, F. David. "Time, structure, and objectivity in quantum theory." Foundations of Physics 18, no. 12 (1988): 1213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01889433.

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Fleming, Gordon N. "The Objectivity and Invariance of Quantum Predictions." PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992, no. 1 (1992): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1992.1.192747.

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15

Healey, Richard. "Quantum Theory and the Limits of Objectivity." Foundations of Physics 48, no. 11 (2018): 1568–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0216-6.

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Ollivier, Harold. "Emergence of Objectivity for Quantum Many-Body Systems." Entropy 24, no. 2 (2022): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24020277.

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We examine the emergence of objectivity for quantum many-body systems in a setting without an environment to decohere the system’s state, but where observers can only access small fragments of the whole system. We extend the result of Reidel (2017) to the case where the system is in a mixed state, measurements are performed through POVMs, and imprints of the outcomes are imperfect. We introduce a new condition on states and measurements to recover full classicality for any number of observers. We further show that evolutions of quantum many-body systems can be expected to yield states that satisfy this condition whenever the corresponding measurement outcomes are redundant.

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Çakmak, Barış, Özgür E. Müstecaplıoğlu, Mauro Paternostro, Bassano Vacchini, and Steve Campbell. "Quantum Darwinism in a Composite System: Objectivity versus Classicality." Entropy 23, no. 8 (2021): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23080995.

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We investigate the implications of quantum Darwinism in a composite quantum system with interacting constituents exhibiting a decoherence-free subspace. We consider a two-qubit system coupled to an N-qubit environment via a dephasing interaction. For excitation preserving interactions between the system qubits, an analytical expression for the dynamics is obtained. It demonstrates that part of the system Hilbert space redundantly proliferates its information to the environment, while the remaining subspace is decoupled and preserves clear non-classical signatures. For measurements performed on the system, we establish that a non-zero quantum discord is shared between the composite system and the environment, thus violating the conditions of strong Darwinism. However, due to the asymmetry of quantum discord, the information shared with the environment is completely classical for measurements performed on the environment. Our results imply a dichotomy between objectivity and classicality that emerges when considering composite systems.

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Korbicz, J. K. "Roads to objectivity: Quantum Darwinism, Spectrum Broadcast Structures, and Strong quantum Darwinism – a review." Quantum 5 (November 8, 2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-11-08-571.

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The problem of objectivity, i.e. how to explain on quantum grounds the objective character of the macroscopic world, is one of the aspects of the celebrated quantum-to-classical transition. Initiated by W. H. Zurek and collaborators, this problem gained some attention recently with several approaches being developed. The aim of this work is to compare three of them: quantum Darwinism, Spectrum Broadcast Structures, and strong quantum Darwinism. The paper is concentrated on foundations, providing a synthetic analysis of how the three approaches realize the idea of objectivity and how they are related to each other. As a byproduct of this analysis, a proof of a generalized Spectrum Broadcast Structure theorem is presented. Recent quantum Darwinism experiments are also briefly discussed.

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Le, Thao P., Andreas Winter, and Gerardo Adesso. "Thermality versus Objectivity: Can They Peacefully Coexist?" Entropy 23, no. 11 (2021): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111506.

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Under the influence of external environments, quantum systems can undergo various different processes, including decoherence and equilibration. We observe that macroscopic objects are both objective and thermal, thus leading to the expectation that both objectivity and thermalisation can peacefully coexist on the quantum regime too. Crucially, however, objectivity relies on distributed classical information that could conflict with thermalisation. Here, we examine the overlap between thermal and objective states. We find that in general, one cannot exist when the other is present. However, there are certain regimes where thermality and objectivity are more likely to coexist: in the high temperature limit, at the non-degenerate low temperature limit, and when the environment is large. This is consistent with our experiences that everyday-sized objects can be both thermal and objective.

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Grangier, Philippe. "Contextual objectivity: a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics." European Journal of Physics 23, no. 3 (2002): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/23/3/312.

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21

Chen, Ming-Cheng, Han-Sen Zhong, Yuan Li, et al. "Emergence of classical objectivity of quantum Darwinism in a photonic quantum simulator." Science Bulletin 64, no. 9 (2019): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.03.032.

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22

Bitbol, Michel. "Traces of Objectivity: Causality and Probabilities in Quantum Physics." Diogenes 58, no. 4 (2011): 30–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0392192113480902.

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Carson, Cathryn. "Objectivity and the Scientist: Heisenberg Rethinks." Science in Context 16, no. 1-2 (2002): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889703000723.

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ArgumentObjectivity has been constitutive of the modern scientific persona. Its significance has depended on its excision of standpoint, which has legitimated the scientist epistemically and sociopolitically at once. But if the nineteenth century reinforced those paired effects, the twentieth century brought questioning of both. The figure of Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976) puts the latter process on display. From the Kaiserreich to the Federal Republic of Germany, between quantum mechanics and interest group politics, his evolution shows an increasing openness to perspectival pluralism, together with an attempt to save some form of objectivity as discursive coherence. Heisenberg’s self-understanding and the reactions of his publics display the transmutation of the persona as objectivity was rethought. By the end of the day, speaking “as a scientist” would mean something different from what it had at the start.

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Megier, Nina, Andrea Smirne, Steve Campbell, and Bassano Vacchini. "Correlations, Information Backflow, and Objectivity in a Class of Pure Dephasing Models." Entropy 24, no. 2 (2022): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24020304.

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We critically examine the role that correlations established between a system and fragments of its environment play in characterising the ensuing dynamics. We employ a dephasing model with different initial conditions, where the state of the initial environment represents a tunable degree of freedom that qualitatively and quantitatively affects the correlation profiles, but nevertheless results in the same reduced dynamics for the system. We apply recently developed tools for the characterisation of non-Markovianity to carefully assess the role that correlations, as quantified by the (quantum) Jensen–Shannon divergence and relative entropy, as well as changes in the environmental state, play in whether the conditions for classical objectivity within the quantum Darwinism paradigm are met. We demonstrate that for precisely the same non-Markovian reduced dynamics of the system arising from different microscopic models, some exhibit quantum Darwinistic features, while others show that no meaningful notion of classical objectivity is present. Furthermore, our results highlight that the non-Markovian nature of an environment does not a priori prevent a system from redundantly proliferating relevant information, but rather it is the system’s ability to establish the requisite correlations that is the crucial factor in the manifestation of classical objectivity.

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Le, Thao P., and Alexandra Olaya-Castro. "Witnessing non-objectivity in the framework of strong quantum Darwinism." Quantum Science and Technology 5, no. 4 (2020): 045012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abac4e.

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Baumann, Veronika, Flavio Del Santo, and Časlav Brukner. "Comment on Healey’s “Quantum Theory and the Limits of Objectivity”." Foundations of Physics 49, no. 7 (2019): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-019-00276-w.

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Dieks, Dennis. "Objectivity in Perspective: Relationism in the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics." Foundations of Physics 39, no. 7 (2009): 760–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-009-9293-x.

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Mittelstaedt, Peter. "Hernán Pringe: Critique of the Quantum Power of Judgement. A Transcendental Foundation of Quantum Objectivity." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 40, no. 1 (2009): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-009-9092-2.

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NADAI, Kamila Nogueira Gabriel De, and Adriano Pereir JARDIM. "Gestalt-terapia e física quântica: um diálogo possível." PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES - Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica 16, no. 2 (2010): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18065/rag.2010v16n2.4.

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This study offers an epistemological discussion about the classic psychology and one of its present components, Gestalt therapy, using the trajectory of classical physics to quantum as a backdrop. There was a discussion through a review by addressing three points involving dichotomous (and still currently involved) a partial transition from classical physics to quantum physics (linearity versus nonlinearity; action and reaction versus complex; and classical mechanics versus quantum mechanics) and, illustratively, three points of discussion related to classical psychology as opposed to Gestalt therapy (causal versus existentialism; elementarism versus holism, and objectivity versus phenomenology). It was concluded that there are differences and similarities in the trajectories analyzed, as the paradoxical properties of its objects, the quantum and human consciousness, setting up contact points that enable a dialogue between both quantum physics and Gestalt-therapy.

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Avner, Stéphane. "Conceiving Particles as Undulating Granular Systems Allows Fundamentally Realist Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics." Entropy 23, no. 10 (2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23101338.

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The strange behavior of subatomic particles is described by quantum theory, whose standard interpretation rejected some fundamental principles of classical physics such as causality, objectivity, locality, realism and determinism. Recently, a granular relativistic electrodynamical model of the electron could capture the measured values of its observables and predict its mass from the stability of its substructure. The model involves numerous subparticles that constitute some tight nucleus and loosely bound envelope allegedly forming real waves. The present study examines whether such a substructure and associated dynamics allow fundamentally realist interpretations of emblematic quantum phenomena, properties and principles, such as wave-particle duality, loss of objectivity, quantization, simultaneous multipath exploration, collapse of wavepacket, measurement problem, and entanglement. Drawing inspiration from non-linear dynamical systems, subparticles would involve realist hidden variables while high-level observables would not generally be determined, as particles would generally be in unstable states before measurements. Quantum mechanics would constitute a high-level probabilistic description emerging from an underlying causal, objective, local, albeit contextual and unpredictable reality. Altogether, by conceiving particles as granular systems composed of numerous extremely sensitive fluctuating subcorpuscles, this study proposes the possible existence of a local fundamentally realist interpretation of quantum mechanics.

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Grangier, P., and A. Auffèves. "What is quantum in quantum randomness?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2123 (2018): 20170322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0322.

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It is often said that quantum and classical randomness are of different nature, the former being ontological and the latter epistemological. However, so far the question of ‘What is quantum in quantum randomness?’, i.e. what is the impact of quantization and discreteness on the nature of randomness, remains to be answered. In a first part, we make explicit the differences between quantum and classical randomness within a recently proposed ontology for quantum mechanics based on contextual objectivity. In this view, quantum randomness is the result of contextuality and quantization. We show that this approach strongly impacts the purposes of quantum theory as well as its areas of application. In particular, it challenges current programmes inspired by classical reductionism, aiming at the emergence of the classical world from a large number of quantum systems. In a second part, we analyse quantum physics and thermodynamics as theories of randomness, unveiling their mutual influences. We finally consider new technological applications of quantum randomness that have opened up in the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society’.

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Mirkin, Nicolás, and Diego A. Wisniacki. "Many-Body Localization and the Emergence of Quantum Darwinism." Entropy 23, no. 11 (2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111377.

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Quantum Darwinism (QD) is the process responsible for the proliferation of redundant information in the environment of a quantum system that is being decohered. This enables independent observers to access separate environmental fragments and reach consensus about the system’s state. In this work, we study the effect of disorder in the emergence of QD and find that a highly disordered environment is greatly beneficial for it. By introducing the notion of lack of redundancy to quantify objectivity, we show that it behaves analogously to the entanglement entropy (EE) of the environmental eigenstate taken as an initial state. This allows us to estimate the many-body mobility edge by means of our Darwinistic measure, implicating the existence of a critical degree of disorder beyond which the degree of objectivity rises the larger the environment is. The latter hints the key role that disorder may play when the environment is of a thermodynamic size. At last, we show that a highly disordered evolution may reduce the spoiling of redundancy in the presence of intra-environment interactions.

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Bednorz, Adam. "Relativity, anomalies and objectivity loophole in recent tests of local realism." Open Physics 15, no. 1 (2017): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0081.

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AbstractLocal realism is in conflict with special quantum Bell-type models. Recently, several experiments have demonstrated violation of local realism if we trust their setup assuming special relativity valid. In this paper we question the assumption of relativity, point out not commented anomalies and show that the experiments have not closed objectivity loophole because clonability of the result has not been demonstrated. We propose several improvements in further experimental tests of local realism make the violation more convincing.

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Healey, Richard. "Reply to a Comment on “Quantum Theory and the Limits of Objectivity”." Foundations of Physics 49, no. 8 (2019): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-019-00290-y.

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Garola, Claudio, Sandro Sozzo, and Junde Wu. "Outline of a Generalization and a Reinterpretation of Quantum Mechanics Recovering Objectivity." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 55, no. 5 (2015): 2500–2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-015-2887-5.

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Thompson, Jayne, Paweł Kurzyński, Su-Yong Lee, Akihito Soeda, and Dagomir Kaszlikowski. "Recent Advances in Contextuality Tests." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 23, no. 02 (2016): 1650009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1230161216500098.

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Our everyday experiences support the hypothesis that physical systems exist independently of the act of observation. Concordant theories are characterized by the objective realism assumption whereby the act of measurement simply reveals preexisting well-defined elements of reality. In stark contrast quantum mechanics portrays a world in which reality loses its objectivity and is in fact created by observation. Quantum contextuality as first discovered by Bell [1] and Kochen-Specker [2] captures aspects of this philosophical clash between classical and quantum descriptions of the world. Here we briefly summarize some of the more recent advances in the field of quantum contextuality. We approach quantum contextuality through its close relation to Bell type nonlocal scenarios and highlight some of the rapidly developing tests and experimental implementations.

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Mironowicz, Piotr, Paweł Horodecki, and Ryszard Horodecki. "Non-Perfect Propagation of Information to a Noisy Environment with Self-Evolution." Entropy 24, no. 4 (2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24040467.

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We study the non-perfect propagation of information for evolving a low-dimensional environment that includes self-evolution as well as noisy initial states and analyse the interrelations between the degree of objectivization and environment parameters. In particular, we consider an analytical model of three interacting qubits and derive its objectivity parameters. The numerical analysis shows that the quality of the spectrum broadcast structure formed during the interaction may exhibit non-monotonicity both in the speed of self-dynamics of the environment as well as its mixedness. The former effect is particularly strong, showing that—considering part of the environment as a measurement apparatus—an increase of the external magnetic field acting on the environment may turn the vague measurement into close to ideal. The above effects suggest that quantum objectivity may appear after increasing the dynamics of the environment, although not with respect to the pointer basis, but some other, which we call the generalized pointer or indicator basis. Furthermore, it seems also that, when the objectivity is poor, it may be improved, at least by some amount, by increasing the thermal noise. We provide further evidence of this by analysing the upper bounds on distance to the set of states representing perfect objectivity in the case of a higher number of qubits.

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Bisconti, C., A. Corallo, M. De Maggio, F. Grippa, and S. Totaro. "Quantum Modeling of Social Dynamics." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 1, no. 1 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jksr.2010010101.

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In this paper, the authors apply models extracted from the Many-Body Quantum Mechanics to understand how knowledge production is correlated to the innovation potential of a work team. This study is grounded in key assumtpions. First, complexity theory applied to social science suggests that it is of paramount importance to consider elements of non-objectivity and non-determinism in the statistical description of socio-economic phenomena. Second, a typical factor of indeterminacy in the explanation of these phenomena lead to the need to apply the instruments of quantum physics to formally describe social behaviours. In order to experiment the validity of the proposed mathematic model, the research intends to: 1) model nodes and interactions; 2) simulate the network behaviour starting from specific defined models; 3) visualize the macroscopic results emerging during the analysis/simulation phases through a digital representation of the social network.

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Aldo, Stella, Cantalupi Tiziano, and Fantinelli Manuela. "Objective reality: quantum physics and medical science with regard to the issue of objectivity." European Journal of Integrative Medicine 4 (September 2012): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2012.07.671.

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Proietti, Massimiliano, Alexander Pickston, Francesco Graffitti, et al. "Experimental test of local observer independence." Science Advances 5, no. 9 (2019): eaaw9832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw9832.

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The scientific method relies on facts, established through repeated measurements and agreed upon universally, independently of who observed them. In quantum mechanics the objectivity of observations is not so clear, most markedly exposed in Wigner’s eponymous thought experiment where two observers can experience seemingly different realities. The question whether the observers’ narratives can be reconciled has only recently been made accessible to empirical investigation, through recent no-go theorems that construct an extended Wigner’s friend scenario with four observers. In a state-of-the-art six-photon experiment, we realize this extended Wigner’s friend scenario, experimentally violating the associated Bell-type inequality by five standard deviations. If one holds fast to the assumptions of locality and free choice, this result implies that quantum theory should be interpreted in an observer-dependent way.

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Ahmad, Mushfiq. "Reciprocal Symmetry and its Relation to Einstein's Postulate, Lorentz Transformation and Discreteness." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (2009): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1875.

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Objectivity demands that kinematics should be independent of the quantities (velocities or their reciprocals) we define. This demand is translated as Reciprocal Symmetry (RS), which we have defined. We have shown that RS gives an upper bound velocity, the mathematical analogue of Einstein's postulate, and Lorentz transformation. RS also requires discreteness. RS promises to bridge the gap between relativity and quantum mechanics. Keywords: Galilean velocity; Lorentz-algebraic velocity; Reciprocal symmetry; Reciprocal velocity; Reciprocal symmetric distance; Discrete time; Discreteness. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1875

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Walton, Joan. "The role of subjectivity: Response to Noriyuki Inoue." International Journal for Transformative Research 3, no. 1 (2016): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijtr-2016-0004.

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Abstract This paper offers a response to Dr Noriyuki Inoue’s article published in this issue of the International Journal for Transformative research, entitled The role of subjectivity in teacher expertise development: Mindfully embracing the “black sheep” of educational research. Inoue freely uses the terms ‘subjectivity’ and ‘objectivity’; but referring to findings from quantum physics and consciousness studies, both of which challenge the view that it is possible to observe a world that exists independently of the observer, I ask whether the Japanese concepts of jikkan and ba actually also suggest that it is not possible to separate and define subjective and objective dimensions of reality.

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Ryckman, T. A. "Einstein, Cassirer, and General Covariance — Then and Now." Science in Context 12, no. 4 (1999): 585–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700003628.

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The ArgumentRecent archival research has brought about a new understanding of the import of Einstein's puzzling remarks (1916) attributing a physical meaning to general covariance. Debates over the scope and meaning of general covariance still persist, even within physics. But already in 1921 Cassirer identified the significance of general covariance as a novel stage in the development of the criterion of objectivity within physics; an account of this development, and its implications, is the primary task undertaken in his monograph of “epistemological considerations” on the theory of relativity. Cassirer's assessment is correct: general covariance, understood as an injunction against dynamical theories with background elements, is a “limiting heuristic principle” guiding Einstein's fundamental conception of a “complete field theory”; as such, it underlies a “separation principle” built into the conceptual framework of the EPR criticism of quantum mechanics. In conclusion, a further parallel is noted: mutual recognition that the principle of general covariance is but a form of “anthropomorphism.”

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GALUKHIN, Andrey, Elena MALAKHOVA, and Irina PONIZOVKINA. "Methodological Paradigm of Non-Classical Science." WISDOM 21, no. 1 (2022): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v21i1.593.

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Scientific theories and methods developed within the framework of quantum and relativistic physics are the most representative paradigmatic instantiations of non-classical science. The profile of non-classical science is exposed through the analysis of a set of epistemic ideals and methodological principles. The adoption of the principle of operational relativity of phenomenal descriptions showed that a reference to the means of observation had become an intrinsic part of scientific description strategies. The transformation of the concept of objectivity can be seen in a specific combination of operationalism with interactional phenomenalism and constructivism. The introduction of the principle of complementarity marked the deviation from the standards of a monologic and linear description of the objects under study. This principle provides the operational basis for the integration of different parts of our knowledge with regard to non-trivial cognitive situations featured by the indeterminacy relations. Another prominent methodological trend is the reconsideration of the value of strict deterministic explanation strategies in favour of probabilistically oriented approaches. Scientists have encountered a new class of regularities that are typically analysed in terms of various types of statistical and non-causal determination. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to assume that any probabilistic account of natural phenomena implies indeterminism.

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Prygin, G. S. "CONSCIOUSNESS AND TIME. IS SUBJECTIVE TIME OBJECTIVE?" Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 29, no. 2 (2019): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2019-29-2-177-188.

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We study the problems of time consciousness from the standpoint of philosophy, physics and psychology; it is argued that such a sequence in the analysis of the problem allows us to reveal the actual psychological aspect of the problem of the objectivity of the consciousness of time, which is the goal of the study. Both the philosophical concepts of the time consciousness of I. Kant, E. Husserl and F. Brentano, and the physical theories of the study of time (quantum physics, cosmology, the physics of non-equilibrium processes) are analyzed. It has been established that in philosophical theories, the concepts: consciousness, memory, perception, representation, and others do not have clear definitions and can change their meaning depending on the context. It is emphasized that in physical and human sciences time is investigated, as a rule, in connection with the concept of “space”. It is shown that when analyzing the problem of the consciousness of time, one should first decide on the concept of “reality”, which allows us to remove contradictions in the understanding of time in various physical theories. It is concluded that the existence of both objective and subjective time can only be spoken when we operate with concepts; outside of this the concept of “time” has meaning only when a person is considered as part of society. It is shown that in relation to the collective and personal unconscious, the temporal modes of the "past", "present" and "future" do not make sense, since "the whole diversity of everything" is represented in the unconscious field simultaneously and extra-spatially.

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Karakostas, Vassilios. "Realism and Objectivism in Quantum Mechanics." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 43, no. 1 (2012): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-012-9173-5.

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Vlasova, O. A. "“The Revolution of Relativity” and Self-Consciousness in the History of Philosophy of the 20th Century." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences, no. 11 (December 24, 2018): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2018-11-114-125.

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This paper discusses the development of self-consciousness in the history of philosophy of the 20th century compared with the same development in the natural sciences. The author characterizes this stage of philosophical historiography as the “revolution of relativity.” This movement of self-consciousness was apparent in not only the humanities but also the natural sciences at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Awareness of probability is a fundamental achievement of non-classic physics, which has since reversed its paradigm. In contrast to the Newtonian scheme, quantum theory introduces the category of probability and insists that we can talk about certain physical phenomena only in a probabilistic mode and that the method of observation affects the phenomena observed. Consequently, any “object-subject” and “subject-subject” interaction involves the experience of the researcher, which thereby affects the results. The same model of interpretation lies at the basis of the turn toward self-consciousness in the history of philosophy of the 20th century. The classical history of philosophy is built on idealization and gives an objective description of the philosophical process. Following the other sciences, the philosophy of the 20th century understood that historical and philosophical reality largely depends on the historians of philosophy; that such reality is constructed by certain means; that there is a certain kind of historical and philosophical work; and that, with different strategies, methods and approaches, we obtain different results that are complementary to each other. The 20th century was a time of competing interpretations rather than gradually progressing historical and philosophical systems. This stimulated the search for own ideal of objectivity. For philosophical historiography, this is the hermeneutic ideal of the structural analysis of text or architectonic reconstruction. The historicalphilosophical revolution of relativity promotes the development of critical historiography and revises the foundations of its classical tradition.

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Babak, V. P., A. A. Zaporozhets, Y. V. Kuts, and L. M. Scherbak. "MODELS AND MEASURESIN THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MEASUREMENTS." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 42, no. 4 (2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2020.1.

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It is known that deterministic and probabilistic models of measured quantities, processes and fields, as well as physical and probabilistic measures, make it possible to form a measurement result, to provide it with the properties of objectivity and reliability. On their basis, the measuring instruments necessary for obtaining new knowledge and maintaining the process of technological development of production are being developed and improved. Therefore, the issues of improving and developing models and measures in measurement methodology play an increasingly important role in achieving high measurement accuracy and expanding the areas of their application. The article is devoted to the features and results of the study of the application of models and measures in measurements. It is shown that the physical correctness and the need for setting up measuring experiments, performing tasks and conditions for their implementation, substantiating adequate models and measures significantly affect the obtained measurement result. The features of the modern methodology of using models of signals and fields and measures for evaluating the results of measuring physical quantities, including thermophysical ones, which are represented by random quantities and angles are presented. In the general case, a measure is a countably additive set function that acquires only negative values in any way, including infinity. The use of charge as a mathematical model significantly expands the boundaries of the practical application of the methods of measure theory in metrology. Examples of probabilistic measures on a straight line, on a circle and a charge, as well as physical measures are considered. The concept of coordination of physical and probabilistic measures has been substantiated with the aim of a unified approach to assessing the measurement result. The joint use of physical and probabilistic measures for the formation of a measurement result allows to a certain extent overcome the problem of measurement homomorphism. An example of using a set of physical and probabilistic measures in the hardware and software modules of information and measuring systems is given. The probabilistic normalized measure is a non-physical degree, but a measure of the totality of the action of various random factors on the value and characteristics of data and the result of measurements when they are carried out. The use of a probabilistic measure in the statistical processing of measurement data makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the measurement result compared to the accuracy of the measurement data. The degree of information protection during measurements is complex. The measure is formed by many factors, the action of most of which is of a random nature. This makes it possible to determine such a measure as probabilistic, which can be applied both for individual operations, for example, transmission of measurement data via communication channels, registration of the measurement result, and for the entire measurement process as a whole. The stochastic approach in the theory of measurements is of particular importance in the case of measurements of physical quantities that have a pronounced probabilistic nature, for example, in the case of nano-measurements, the study of quantum effects, and the like. Currently, the use of the SI international system of units at the quantum level and the concept of uncertainty for evaluating measurement results, which are the foundation of measurement practice, requires a wide range of theoretical and simulation studies of measurement processes in various subject areas to form a unified measurement methodology.

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Pinto-Neto, Nelson. "The de Broglie–Bohm Quantum Theory and Its Application to Quantum Cosmology." Universe 7, no. 5 (2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7050134.

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We review the de Broglie–Bohm quantum theory. It is an alternative description of quantum phenomena in accordance with all the quantum experiments already performed. Essentially, it is a dynamical theory about objectively real trajectories in the configuration space of the physical system under investigation. Hence, it is not necessarily probabilistic, and it dispenses with the collapse postulate, making it suitable to be applied to cosmology. The emerging cosmological models are usually free of singularities, with a bounce connecting a contracting era with an expanding phase, which we are now observing. A theory of cosmological perturbations can also be constructed under this framework, which can be successfully confronted with current observations, and can complement inflation or even be an alternative to it.

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Chan, Bun. "How to computationally calculate thermochemical properties objectively, accurately, and as economically as possible." Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, no. 6 (2017): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1116.

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Abstract We have developed the WnX series of quantum chemistry composite protocols for the computation of highly-accurate thermochemical quantities with advanced efficiency and applicability. The W1X-type methods have a general accuracy of ~3–4 kJ mol−1 and they can currently be applied to systems with ~20–30 atoms. Higher-level methods include W2X, W3X and W3X-L, with the most accurate of these being W3X-L. It can be applied to molecules with ~10–20 atoms and is generally accurate to ~1.5 kJ mol−1. The WnX procedures have opened up new possibilities for computational chemists in pursue of accurate thermochemical values in a highly-productive manner.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum objectivity'

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